Purpose： This study explored the relationship between mental toughness and college basketball performance, specifically examining possible moderating variables （gender and starting status）. Methods： Male and fema...Purpose： This study explored the relationship between mental toughness and college basketball performance, specifically examining possible moderating variables （gender and starting status）. Methods： Male and female （n = 197） college basketball players completed the Psychological Performance Inventory-Alternative （PPI-A）, a measure of characteristics and skills consistent with mental toughness, and the PERK an objective measure of basketball performance. Results： Findings suggest that basketball performance can be partially predicted by mental toughness and starting status. Males reported greater mental toughness than females. Starters and nonstarters did not differ in mental toughness. Moderated hierarchical regression analysis indicated that mental toughness was related to performance for male players as both a main effect and interaction with starter status. For female players, in contrast, starter status was the only significant predictor of performance. Practitioners are encouraged to foster the psychological skills associated with mental toughness in females and non-starters in basketball. Conclusion： Discussion of the PPI-A as a measure of mental toughness and suggestions for its improvement are explored. A need exists for additional research on mental toughness and objective performance, as performance enhancement is a major impetus for research on mental toughness. Copyright @ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.展开更多
Background:Research on achievement goal orientations in sport has typically relied on the use of variable-centered approaches that tend to overlook population heterogeneity.In this study,we used a person-centered appr...Background:Research on achievement goal orientations in sport has typically relied on the use of variable-centered approaches that tend to overlook population heterogeneity.In this study,we used a person-centered approach to identify subgroups of competitive tennis players according to unique combinations of achievement goal orientations and tested for subgroup differences in motivation and mental toughness.Methods:A sample of 323 competitive tennis athletes(69.35%male)between 15 and 25 years of age(17.60±2.40 years,mean±SD)completed the 3×2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport,Sport Motivation Scale Ⅱ,and Mental Toughness Index.Latent profile analysis was used to identify unique combinations of achievement goal orientations.Comparisons between latent subgroups on autonomous motivation,controlled motivation,and mental toughness were performed using analysis of variance.Results:Latent profile analysis supported 3 distinct patterns of achievement goal profiles that were primarily distinguishable based on valence of competence(i.e.,approach vs.avoidance).Analyses of variance indicated that athletes who were classified into subgroups that endorsed approach types of goals(regardless of the types of avoidance goals they endorsed)reported higher levels of autonomous motivation and mental toughness.Conclusion:Results indicated that athletes tend to pursue a number of achievement goals collectively rather than in isolation.Although approach goals are more commonly linked to adaptive psychological functioning and positive outcomes,avoidance goals may also be associated with desirable psychological characteristics if they are pursued in conjunction with approach types of achievement goals.展开更多
This paper talks about how to insist staying in changed mindset based on the assigned cognitive reframing principles,andfinally the changed mindset become a forever psychological status by PSI model proposed by this s...This paper talks about how to insist staying in changed mindset based on the assigned cognitive reframing principles,andfinally the changed mindset become a forever psychological status by PSI model proposed by this study.P is the cognitive reframing principle of positive psychology,happiness in this case;S is self-efficacy,which plays the important role in maintaining the stress taker to psychologically stay in the changed mindset in the long run.I represent of insisting power,the mental toughness to against the adverse negative emotions.Improving university students’stress coping skills through the psychological dynamics formed by cognitive reframing principles of positive psychology,self-efficacy,and mental toughness will help them effectively deal with stressful events.This study aims to reduce university students’stress level by increasing their ability to cope with stress,and improving their life satisfaction by understanding the mechanism for mindset-shift of university students and proposal of the new PSI reframing model for creating a new path to let students view stressors as challenge,not hindrance.Theories adopted in this study include cognitive reframing principles,appraisal theory,hindrance-challenge theory,cognitive reframing the schema.In the introduction section,the authors will clearly depict the logics for utilization of these theories in supporting the proposed PSI model.This research was divided into two studies.Study 1 postulated that cognitive reframing principles of positive psychology,self-efficacy,and mental toughness have a positive mediating effect in the causal relationship between university students’stress level and life satisfaction.Findings revealed that stressful life events negatively predict the level of LS.Also,PP,SE,and MT exert a positive and significant impact on the relationship between stressful life events and LS.PP strengthens individuals’perception of stressful life events as chal-lenges instead of hindrances.This study showed that individuals need to think positively and develop self-efficacy in order to generate mental toughness when confronted with challenges from stressful life events,and needs to have self-efficacy and confidence towards cognitive reframing principles of positive psychology in their mind,andfinally form a mental toughness competence to protect the newly changed mindset in the long run.展开更多
文摘Purpose： This study explored the relationship between mental toughness and college basketball performance, specifically examining possible moderating variables （gender and starting status）. Methods： Male and female （n = 197） college basketball players completed the Psychological Performance Inventory-Alternative （PPI-A）, a measure of characteristics and skills consistent with mental toughness, and the PERK an objective measure of basketball performance. Results： Findings suggest that basketball performance can be partially predicted by mental toughness and starting status. Males reported greater mental toughness than females. Starters and nonstarters did not differ in mental toughness. Moderated hierarchical regression analysis indicated that mental toughness was related to performance for male players as both a main effect and interaction with starter status. For female players, in contrast, starter status was the only significant predictor of performance. Practitioners are encouraged to foster the psychological skills associated with mental toughness in females and non-starters in basketball. Conclusion： Discussion of the PPI-A as a measure of mental toughness and suggestions for its improvement are explored. A need exists for additional research on mental toughness and objective performance, as performance enhancement is a major impetus for research on mental toughness. Copyright @ 2012, Shanghai University of Sport. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
文摘Background:Research on achievement goal orientations in sport has typically relied on the use of variable-centered approaches that tend to overlook population heterogeneity.In this study,we used a person-centered approach to identify subgroups of competitive tennis players according to unique combinations of achievement goal orientations and tested for subgroup differences in motivation and mental toughness.Methods:A sample of 323 competitive tennis athletes(69.35%male)between 15 and 25 years of age(17.60±2.40 years,mean±SD)completed the 3×2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport,Sport Motivation Scale Ⅱ,and Mental Toughness Index.Latent profile analysis was used to identify unique combinations of achievement goal orientations.Comparisons between latent subgroups on autonomous motivation,controlled motivation,and mental toughness were performed using analysis of variance.Results:Latent profile analysis supported 3 distinct patterns of achievement goal profiles that were primarily distinguishable based on valence of competence(i.e.,approach vs.avoidance).Analyses of variance indicated that athletes who were classified into subgroups that endorsed approach types of goals(regardless of the types of avoidance goals they endorsed)reported higher levels of autonomous motivation and mental toughness.Conclusion:Results indicated that athletes tend to pursue a number of achievement goals collectively rather than in isolation.Although approach goals are more commonly linked to adaptive psychological functioning and positive outcomes,avoidance goals may also be associated with desirable psychological characteristics if they are pursued in conjunction with approach types of achievement goals.
基金funding of the Special Taiwan Talent Fund of Lingnan Normal University(ZW2007)for this study.
文摘This paper talks about how to insist staying in changed mindset based on the assigned cognitive reframing principles,andfinally the changed mindset become a forever psychological status by PSI model proposed by this study.P is the cognitive reframing principle of positive psychology,happiness in this case;S is self-efficacy,which plays the important role in maintaining the stress taker to psychologically stay in the changed mindset in the long run.I represent of insisting power,the mental toughness to against the adverse negative emotions.Improving university students’stress coping skills through the psychological dynamics formed by cognitive reframing principles of positive psychology,self-efficacy,and mental toughness will help them effectively deal with stressful events.This study aims to reduce university students’stress level by increasing their ability to cope with stress,and improving their life satisfaction by understanding the mechanism for mindset-shift of university students and proposal of the new PSI reframing model for creating a new path to let students view stressors as challenge,not hindrance.Theories adopted in this study include cognitive reframing principles,appraisal theory,hindrance-challenge theory,cognitive reframing the schema.In the introduction section,the authors will clearly depict the logics for utilization of these theories in supporting the proposed PSI model.This research was divided into two studies.Study 1 postulated that cognitive reframing principles of positive psychology,self-efficacy,and mental toughness have a positive mediating effect in the causal relationship between university students’stress level and life satisfaction.Findings revealed that stressful life events negatively predict the level of LS.Also,PP,SE,and MT exert a positive and significant impact on the relationship between stressful life events and LS.PP strengthens individuals’perception of stressful life events as chal-lenges instead of hindrances.This study showed that individuals need to think positively and develop self-efficacy in order to generate mental toughness when confronted with challenges from stressful life events,and needs to have self-efficacy and confidence towards cognitive reframing principles of positive psychology in their mind,andfinally form a mental toughness competence to protect the newly changed mindset in the long run.
