This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the research progress in Chinese medicine in the treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases in 2023,covering traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers,TCM extracts,...This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the research progress in Chinese medicine in the treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases in 2023,covering traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers,TCM extracts,and TCM combinations,including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications,obesity,hyperuricaemia,and thyroid disorders.After systematic sorting and summary,we found that in 2023,the research focusing on the application of TCM for endocrine metabolic diseases was still on the mechanism of action at the cellular and molecular levels,which not only influenced the classical pathways of lipid metabolism,but also delved into the key mechanisms of anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation,anti-insulin resistance,and so on.Additionally,TCM has shown remarkable results in the treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases by improving intestinal flora disorders and abnormal cellular iron death.These research results provide valuable ideas,methods,and tools for TCM in the prevention and treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases,and provide important references and guidance for future research and practice.展开更多
Flavin containing monooxygenase 3(FMO3)is a member of the flavin monooxygenase family,which can oxidize the precursor Trimethylamine(TMA)provided from food to produce Trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO).The autosomal recessi...Flavin containing monooxygenase 3(FMO3)is a member of the flavin monooxygenase family,which can oxidize the precursor Trimethylamine(TMA)provided from food to produce Trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO).The autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by partial functional loss of Fmo3 gene,which leads to excessive excretion of TMA in body fluids and emits fishy odor,is called Fish Odor Syndrome or Trimethylaminuria.This disease has been documented for 3,000 years ago and was first reported in the case report in 1970.FMO3 mainly exists in the liver and can participate in the TMA-TMAO metabolic balance in intestinal microorganisms,liver,and kidneys,closely related to insulin resistance,diabetes,cholesterol metabolism,and cardiovascular disease.Due to its wide range of catalytic substrates and low susceptibility to metabolite accumulation,its role in drug metabolism,new drug development,and discovery of new drug targets are increasingly valued.This review will summarize the research progress on the metabolic process and localization of FMO3,congenital genetic defects,metabolic diseases,and its related possible mechanisms.展开更多
The prevalence of metabolic diseases,some diseases that are seriously harmful for human health and affect the quality of life,is increasing year by year.Early detection and intervention is the common strategy to deal ...The prevalence of metabolic diseases,some diseases that are seriously harmful for human health and affect the quality of life,is increasing year by year.Early detection and intervention is the common strategy to deal with them.Infrared thermography(IRT)is a special medical imaging technology which can capture the changes of skin temperature associated with metabolic disorders.It might be a new method for early detection of metabolic diseases.The purpose of this review is to summarize advances of the use of IRT in evaluating single metabolic disorder such as obesity,hyperglycemia and hypertension,complex metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome and target organ damage such as coronary artery atherosclerosis and diabetic foot.The characteristic of thermograms of metabolic disease patients,the changes of thermal maps during the development of the disease,and the lacks in current studies are also discussed in the article.展开更多
Through the review of relevant literature in recent years,it is found that the incidence rate of metabolic diseases in rural areas is on the rise:The related factors that may cause diseases include diet structure,exer...Through the review of relevant literature in recent years,it is found that the incidence rate of metabolic diseases in rural areas is on the rise:The related factors that may cause diseases include diet structure,exercise habits,medical resources and other aspects.At the same time,there are some limitations in the intervention and treatment measures of this kind of disease.It is urgent to carry out in-depth exploration for the special conditions in rural areas.By reviewing the research progress related to metabolic diseases in rural areas,more new ideas are provided for the treatment and improvement of metabolic diseases in rural areas.展开更多
Medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs),which are important dietary fats,can be rapidly metabolized to efficiently produce a high amount of energy owing to their unique transportation system.MCFAs have thus become high-value ...Medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs),which are important dietary fats,can be rapidly metabolized to efficiently produce a high amount of energy owing to their unique transportation system.MCFAs have thus become high-value functional foods.MCFAs also have antibac-terial and immunoregulatory effects,help to maintain intestinal health,and have shown benefits for disease prevention and treatment.Therefore,they have the potential to be used for a variety of purposes.We herein describe the metabolic pathways involving MCFAs and their main biological functions in the human body.In addition,the effects of MCFAs as adjuvant therapy for different diseases,such as obesity,polycystic ovary syndrome,sarcopenia,and malignancy are summarized,and the likely mechanisms of action are discussed.Finally,we describe possible future clinical applications of MCFAs in the field of metabolic diseases.展开更多
The nuclear receptor PPARs are fundamentally important for energy homeostasis. Through their distinct yet overlapping functions and tissue distribution, the PPARs regulate many aspects of energy metabolism at the tran...The nuclear receptor PPARs are fundamentally important for energy homeostasis. Through their distinct yet overlapping functions and tissue distribution, the PPARs regulate many aspects of energy metabolism at the transcriptional level. Functional impairment or dysregulation of these receptors leads to a variety of metabolic diseases, while their ligands offer many metabolic benefits. Studies of these receptors have advanced our knowledge of the transcriptional basis of energy metabolism and helped us understand the pathogenic mechanisms of metabolic syndrome.展开更多
Metabolic disease,including diabetes mellitus,hypertension,dyslipidemia,obesity,and hyperuricemia,is a common complication after liver transplantation and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death.The develop...Metabolic disease,including diabetes mellitus,hypertension,dyslipidemia,obesity,and hyperuricemia,is a common complication after liver transplantation and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death.The development of metabolic disease is closely related to the side effects of immunosuppressants.Therefore,optimization of the immunosuppressive regimen is very important for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disease.The Chinese Society of Organ Transplantation has developed an expert consensus on the management of metabolic diseases in Chinese liver transplant recipients based on recent studies.Emphasis is placed on the risk factors of metabolic diseases,the effect of immunosuppressants on metabolic disease,and the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.展开更多
With the development of microbiology and metabolomics,the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and intestinal diseases has been revealed.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),as a new treatment method,can af...With the development of microbiology and metabolomics,the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and intestinal diseases has been revealed.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),as a new treatment method,can affect the course of many chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome,malignant tumor,autoimmune disease and nervous system disease.Although the mechanism of action of FMT is now well understood,there is some controversy in metabolic diseases,so its clinical application may be limited.Microflora transplantation is recommended by clinical medical guidelines and consensus for the treatment of recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infection,and has been gradually promoted for the treatment of other intestinal and extraintestinal diseases.However,the initial results are varied,suggesting that the heterogeneity of the donor stools may affect the efficacy of FMT.The success of FMT depends on the microbial diversity and composition of donor feces.Therefore,clinical trials may fail due to the selection of ineffective donors,and not to faulty indication selection for FMT.A new understanding is that FMT not only improves insulin sensitivity,but may also alter the natural course of type 1 diabetes by modulating autoimmunity.In this review,we focus on the main mechanisms and deficiencies of FMT,and explore the optimal design of FMT research,especially in the field of cardiometabolic diseases.展开更多
Haptoglobin(Hp)is an acidic glycoprotein,existing in the serum and other body fluids of human beings and a variety of mammals.Hp is produced in the liver,white adipose tissue,and the kidney.The genetic polymorphisms a...Haptoglobin(Hp)is an acidic glycoprotein,existing in the serum and other body fluids of human beings and a variety of mammals.Hp is produced in the liver,white adipose tissue,and the kidney.The genetic polymorphisms and different phenotypes of Hp have different biological functions.Hp has antibacterial,antioxidant,and angiogenic effects and is associated with multiple diseases including simple obesity,vascular complications of diabetes mellitus,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,hypertension,blood diseases,autoimmune diseases,and malignant tumors.Hp also participates in many life activities,indicating the importance of Hp in further studies.Previously,we found that the expression of serum Hp changed after treatment of simple obesity patients in clinical trials.However,the specific mechanism of Hp in patients with simple obesity is still unclear.The purpose of this article is to introduce recent research progress on Hp,emphasizing the relationship between Hp and the development of metabolic disease,which will improve the understanding of the functions of Hp underlying metabolic diseases and discuss future research directions.展开更多
Caspase recruitment domain containing protein 9(CARD9)is an adaptor protein that plays a critical role in pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)-mediated activation of NF-kB and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK).Thi...Caspase recruitment domain containing protein 9(CARD9)is an adaptor protein that plays a critical role in pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)-mediated activation of NF-kB and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK).This elicits initiation of the pro・inflammatory cytokines and leads to inflammatory responses,which has been recognized as a critical contributor to chronic inflammation.Current researches demonstrate that CARD9 is strongly associated with metabolic diseases,such as obesity,insulin resistance,atherosclerosis and so on.In this review,we summarize CARD9 signaling pathway and the role of CARD9 in metabolic diseases.展开更多
In this review, the characteristics of gut microbiota changes in 11 metabolic diseases, as well as the research progress on their interventions, are summarized. The gut microbiota contributes to metabolic diseases thr...In this review, the characteristics of gut microbiota changes in 11 metabolic diseases, as well as the research progress on their interventions, are summarized. The gut microbiota contributes to metabolic diseases through intestinal mucosal dysfunction, chronic metabolic inflammatory response, gut brain axis imbalance, gene regulation, insulin resistance, and the action of its metabolites. The researches of cause effect relationship and mechanism are relatively few, need further study, expecting a breakthrough in the future to be a new path in the treatment of some metabolic diseases.展开更多
Bile acids(BAs)serve as physiological detergents that enable the intestinal absorption and transportation of nutrients,lipids and vitamins.BAs are primarily produced by humans to catabolize cholesterol and play crucia...Bile acids(BAs)serve as physiological detergents that enable the intestinal absorption and transportation of nutrients,lipids and vitamins.BAs are primarily produced by humans to catabolize cholesterol and play crucial roles in gut metabolism,microbiota habitat regulation and cell signaling.BA-activated nuclear receptors regulate the enterohepatic circulation of BAs which play a role in energy,lipid,glucose,and drug metabolism.The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the biotransformation of BAs and regulates BAs composition and metabolism.Therefore,altered gut microbial and BAs activity can affect human metabolism and thus result in the alteration of metabolic pathways and the occurrence of metabolic diseases/syndromes,such as diabetes mellitus,obesity/hypercholesterolemia,and cardiovascular diseases.BAs and their metabolites are used to treat altered gut microbiota and metabolic diseases.This review explores the increasing body of evidence that links alterations of gut microbial activity and BAs with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases.Moreover,we summarize existing research on gut microbes and BAs in relation to intracellular pathways pertinent to metabolic disorders.Finally,we discuss how therapeutic interventions using BAs can facilitate microbiome functioning and ease metabolic diseases.展开更多
The rapid development of bioinformatics has provided novel approaches and methods for exploring the mechanisms of disease treatment via Chinese herbal medicines.Compound Chinese herbal medicines formulas have complex ...The rapid development of bioinformatics has provided novel approaches and methods for exploring the mechanisms of disease treatment via Chinese herbal medicines.Compound Chinese herbal medicines formulas have complex compositions and are characterized by their multiple constituents and diverse array of biological targets.Therefore,the mechanisms of action of most compound Chinese herbal medicines formulas cannot be adequately explained using a single pathway.Omics technologies describe high-throughput-based analytical and detection techniques,which include transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics and provide multilayer parameter information that can be integrated to characterize the overall relationships involved in the therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicines formulas.Through their combination with network biology and drug effect networks,omics technologies also enable investigations into the mechanisms of disease treatment in traditional Chinese medicine.The integration of multiple omics technologies is in line with the concept of holism in traditional Chinese medicine and provides an approach for combining modern science and technology with traditional Chinese medicine theories.In recent years,omics technologies have been widely used to elucidate the mechanisms of action of Chinese herbal medicines.The latest studies employing multi-omics integration for investigating the mechanisms of action of Chinese herbal medicines interventions in metabolic diseases have devoted greater attention to in-depth explorations of disease pathogenesis.This paper provides a review of the following multi-omics technologies,which are used in research on the treatment of common metabolic diseases(e.g.,type-2 diabetes mellitus,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease):network pharmacology combined with metabolomics,16S rRNA sequencing combined with transcriptomics,16S rRNA sequencing combined with metabolomics,and 16S rRNA sequencing combined with network pharmacology and metabolomics.展开更多
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα(PPAR-α)is a transcription factor activated by ligand receptors and is a subfamily of the nuclear receptor superfamily.The PPAR subfamily consists of three subtypes:PPAR-α...Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα(PPAR-α)is a transcription factor activated by ligand receptors and is a subfamily of the nuclear receptor superfamily.The PPAR subfamily consists of three subtypes:PPAR-α(NR1C1),PPAR-β/δ(NR1C2)and PPAR-γ(NR1C3).Among them,PPAR-αis the first discovered transcription factor and the main regulator of fatty acid oxidation homeostasis.Some natural and synthetic ligands can activate PPAR-α,and the activation of PPAR-αthrough its ligands can modify many of the cells in the cell.Biological processes,these processes are closely related to the energy metabolism mechanism of metabolic diseases,so it represents an important molecular target for the development of new drugs for the treatment of metabolic diseases.The following summarizes the latest progress of PPAR-αand energy metabolism in terms of the structure and distribution of PPAR-α,its role in different tissues,and its role in metabolic diseases,etc.,providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.展开更多
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a positive diagnostic criterion and metabolic dysfunction is listed as an important cause of hepatic liver disease.MAFLD is a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome...Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a positive diagnostic criterion and metabolic dysfunction is listed as an important cause of hepatic liver disease.MAFLD is a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome and a key driver of metabolic syndrome.Glucose and lipid metabolism are disordered in MAFLD,which leads to extrahepatic complications through cytokines,genetic variation,visceral fat accumulation,dietary intake,and complex intestinal microbiome.Extensive clinical evidence suggests that MAFLD is independently associated with various metabolic diseases.With its renaming,the epidemiology,pathogenesis,and treatment of MAFLD and metabolic-related diseases need to be reassessed and studied to lay out a foundation for effective prevention and treatment strategies in the future.展开更多
Maintaining bile acid homeostasis is essential for metabolic health.Bile acid homeostasis encompasses a complex interplay between biosynthesis,conjugation,secretion,and reabsorption.Beyond their vital role in digestio...Maintaining bile acid homeostasis is essential for metabolic health.Bile acid homeostasis encompasses a complex interplay between biosynthesis,conjugation,secretion,and reabsorption.Beyond their vital role in digestion and absorption of lipid-soluble nutrients,bile acids are pivotal in systemic metabolic regulation.Recent studies have linked bile acid dysregulation to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases,including obesity,type 2 diabetes melli-tus(T2DM),and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD).Bile acids are essential signaling molecules that regulate many critical biological processes,including lipid metabolism,energy expenditure,insulin sensitivity,and glucose metabolism.Disruption in bile acid homeostasis contributes to metabolic disease via altered bile acid feedback mechanisms,hormonal dysregu-lation,interactions with the gut microbiota,and changes in the expression and function of bile acid transporters and receptors.This review summarized the essential molecular pathways and regulatory mechanisms through which bile acid dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of obesity,T2DM,and MASLD.We aim to underscore the significance of bile acids as potential diag-nostic markers and therapeutic agents in the context of metabolic diseases,providing insights into their application in translational medicine.展开更多
BACKGROUND Within the normal range,elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels are associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).AIM To investigate the associations ...BACKGROUND Within the normal range,elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels are associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).AIM To investigate the associations between repeated high-normal ALT measurements and the risk of new-onset MAFLD prospectively.METHODS A cohort of 3553 participants followed for four consecutive health examinations over 4 years was selected.The incidence rate,cumulative times,and equally and unequally weighted cumulative effects of excess high-normal ALT levels(ehALT)were measured.Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse the association between the cumulative effects of ehALT and the risk of new-onset MAFLD.RESULTS A total of 83.13%of participants with MAFLD had normal ALT levels.The incidence rate of MAFLD showed a linear increasing trend in the cumulative ehALT group.Compared with those in the low-normal ALT group,the multivariate adjusted hazard ratios of the equally and unequally weighted cumulative effects of ehALT were 1.651[95%confidence interval(CI):1.199-2.273]and 1.535(95%CI:1.119-2.106)in the third quartile and 1.616(95%CI:1.162-2.246)and 1.580(95%CI:1.155-2.162)in the fourth quartile,respectively.CONCLUSION Most participants with MAFLD had normal ALT levels.Long-term high-normal ALT levels were associated with a cumulative increased risk of new-onset MAFLD.展开更多
Unmet needs exist in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)risk stratification.Our ability to identify patients with MASLD with advanced fibrosis and at higher risk for adverse outcomes is sti...Unmet needs exist in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)risk stratification.Our ability to identify patients with MASLD with advanced fibrosis and at higher risk for adverse outcomes is still limited.Incorporating novel biomarkers could represent a meaningful improvement to current risk predictors.With this aim,omics technologies have revolutionized the process of MASLD biomarker discovery over the past decades.While the research in this field is thriving,much of the publication has been haphazard,often using single-omics data and specimen sets of convenience,with many identified candidate biomarkers but lacking clinical validation and utility.If we incorporate these biomarkers to direct patients’management,it should be considered that the roadmap for translating a newly discovered omics-based signature to an actual,analytically valid test useful in MASLD clinical practice is rigorous and,therefore,not easily accomplished.This article presents an overview of this area’s current state,the conceivable opportunities and challenges of omics-based laboratory diagnostics,and a roadmap for improving MASLD biomarker research.展开更多
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),once known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),represents a spectrum of liver disorders characterized by lipid accumulation within hepatocytes.Th...Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),once known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),represents a spectrum of liver disorders characterized by lipid accumulation within hepatocytes.The redefinition of NAFLD in 2023 marked a significant reposition in terminology,emphasizing a broader understanding of liver steatosis and its associated risks.MASLD is now recognized as a major risk factor for liver cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma,and systemic complications such as cardiovascular diseases or systemic inflammation.Diagnostic challenges arise,particularly in identifying MASLD in lean individuals,necessitating updated diagnostic protocols and investing in non-invasive diagnostic tools.Therapeutically,there is an urgent need for effective treatments targeting MASLD,with emerging pharmacological options focusing on,among others,carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.Additionally,understanding the roles of bile acid metabolism,the microbiome,and dietary interventions in MASLD pathogenesis and management holds promise for innovative therapeutic approaches.There is a strong need to emphasize the importance of collaborative efforts in understanding,diagnosing,and managing MASLD to improve physicians’approaches and patient outcomes.展开更多
基金supported by the Yunnan Provincial First-Class Discipline Innovation and Research Fund Key Project(ZYXZD202405)the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department Traditional Chinese Medicine Joint Project(202001AZ070001-026).
文摘This study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the research progress in Chinese medicine in the treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases in 2023,covering traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)monomers,TCM extracts,and TCM combinations,including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications,obesity,hyperuricaemia,and thyroid disorders.After systematic sorting and summary,we found that in 2023,the research focusing on the application of TCM for endocrine metabolic diseases was still on the mechanism of action at the cellular and molecular levels,which not only influenced the classical pathways of lipid metabolism,but also delved into the key mechanisms of anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation,anti-insulin resistance,and so on.Additionally,TCM has shown remarkable results in the treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases by improving intestinal flora disorders and abnormal cellular iron death.These research results provide valuable ideas,methods,and tools for TCM in the prevention and treatment of endocrine metabolic diseases,and provide important references and guidance for future research and practice.
基金supported by the Youth Project Supported by Basic Scientific Research Fund of Human Provincial Education Department(Grant No.JYTQN202351)the Innovation Support Plan for Young and Middle-aged People of Shenyang City(Grant No.RC210460)+1 种基金the Medical and Industrial Cross-Project of Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2022-YGJC-24)the Doctoral Research Initiation Fund Project of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2021-BS-206).
文摘Flavin containing monooxygenase 3(FMO3)is a member of the flavin monooxygenase family,which can oxidize the precursor Trimethylamine(TMA)provided from food to produce Trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO).The autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by partial functional loss of Fmo3 gene,which leads to excessive excretion of TMA in body fluids and emits fishy odor,is called Fish Odor Syndrome or Trimethylaminuria.This disease has been documented for 3,000 years ago and was first reported in the case report in 1970.FMO3 mainly exists in the liver and can participate in the TMA-TMAO metabolic balance in intestinal microorganisms,liver,and kidneys,closely related to insulin resistance,diabetes,cholesterol metabolism,and cardiovascular disease.Due to its wide range of catalytic substrates and low susceptibility to metabolite accumulation,its role in drug metabolism,new drug development,and discovery of new drug targets are increasingly valued.This review will summarize the research progress on the metabolic process and localization of FMO3,congenital genetic defects,metabolic diseases,and its related possible mechanisms.
基金Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Universities(2020-JYB-ZDGG-117)。
文摘The prevalence of metabolic diseases,some diseases that are seriously harmful for human health and affect the quality of life,is increasing year by year.Early detection and intervention is the common strategy to deal with them.Infrared thermography(IRT)is a special medical imaging technology which can capture the changes of skin temperature associated with metabolic disorders.It might be a new method for early detection of metabolic diseases.The purpose of this review is to summarize advances of the use of IRT in evaluating single metabolic disorder such as obesity,hyperglycemia and hypertension,complex metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome and target organ damage such as coronary artery atherosclerosis and diabetic foot.The characteristic of thermograms of metabolic disease patients,the changes of thermal maps during the development of the disease,and the lacks in current studies are also discussed in the article.
基金Supported by 2023 Jilin Province College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(S202310199042)Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan Project(YDZJ202201ZYTS195)+1 种基金2022 Jilin Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Project(2022128)Youth Excellent Discipline Backbone Training Project in Changchun University of Chinese Medicine(202304).
文摘Through the review of relevant literature in recent years,it is found that the incidence rate of metabolic diseases in rural areas is on the rise:The related factors that may cause diseases include diet structure,exercise habits,medical resources and other aspects.At the same time,there are some limitations in the intervention and treatment measures of this kind of disease.It is urgent to carry out in-depth exploration for the special conditions in rural areas.By reviewing the research progress related to metabolic diseases in rural areas,more new ideas are provided for the treatment and improvement of metabolic diseases in rural areas.
基金supported by the Developmentof the Affiliated Hospital of XuzhouMedical University (No.XYFM2021049)the Natural Science Research Program of Huai’an (No.HAB202318 and No.HABZ202202)
文摘Medium-chain fatty acids(MCFAs),which are important dietary fats,can be rapidly metabolized to efficiently produce a high amount of energy owing to their unique transportation system.MCFAs have thus become high-value functional foods.MCFAs also have antibac-terial and immunoregulatory effects,help to maintain intestinal health,and have shown benefits for disease prevention and treatment.Therefore,they have the potential to be used for a variety of purposes.We herein describe the metabolic pathways involving MCFAs and their main biological functions in the human body.In addition,the effects of MCFAs as adjuvant therapy for different diseases,such as obesity,polycystic ovary syndrome,sarcopenia,and malignancy are summarized,and the likely mechanisms of action are discussed.Finally,we describe possible future clinical applications of MCFAs in the field of metabolic diseases.
文摘The nuclear receptor PPARs are fundamentally important for energy homeostasis. Through their distinct yet overlapping functions and tissue distribution, the PPARs regulate many aspects of energy metabolism at the transcriptional level. Functional impairment or dysregulation of these receptors leads to a variety of metabolic diseases, while their ligands offer many metabolic benefits. Studies of these receptors have advanced our knowledge of the transcriptional basis of energy metabolism and helped us understand the pathogenic mechanisms of metabolic syndrome.
基金National Science and Technology Major Project of China,No.2017ZX10203205National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar of China,No.81625003National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81930016.
文摘Metabolic disease,including diabetes mellitus,hypertension,dyslipidemia,obesity,and hyperuricemia,is a common complication after liver transplantation and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death.The development of metabolic disease is closely related to the side effects of immunosuppressants.Therefore,optimization of the immunosuppressive regimen is very important for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disease.The Chinese Society of Organ Transplantation has developed an expert consensus on the management of metabolic diseases in Chinese liver transplant recipients based on recent studies.Emphasis is placed on the risk factors of metabolic diseases,the effect of immunosuppressants on metabolic disease,and the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
基金Supported by Shaanxi Province Natural Science Basic Research Program-General Project,No.2019JM-580 and No.2021SF-314Project of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.2019-ZZ-JC010Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.2018-04 and No.2021-07。
文摘With the development of microbiology and metabolomics,the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and intestinal diseases has been revealed.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),as a new treatment method,can affect the course of many chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome,malignant tumor,autoimmune disease and nervous system disease.Although the mechanism of action of FMT is now well understood,there is some controversy in metabolic diseases,so its clinical application may be limited.Microflora transplantation is recommended by clinical medical guidelines and consensus for the treatment of recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infection,and has been gradually promoted for the treatment of other intestinal and extraintestinal diseases.However,the initial results are varied,suggesting that the heterogeneity of the donor stools may affect the efficacy of FMT.The success of FMT depends on the microbial diversity and composition of donor feces.Therefore,clinical trials may fail due to the selection of ineffective donors,and not to faulty indication selection for FMT.A new understanding is that FMT not only improves insulin sensitivity,but may also alter the natural course of type 1 diabetes by modulating autoimmunity.In this review,we focus on the main mechanisms and deficiencies of FMT,and explore the optimal design of FMT research,especially in the field of cardiometabolic diseases.
基金Shanghai Three-year Action Plan for Accelerating the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.ZY(2018-2020)-FWTX-6005Clinical Research Plan of SHDC,No.SHDC12017X16.
文摘Haptoglobin(Hp)is an acidic glycoprotein,existing in the serum and other body fluids of human beings and a variety of mammals.Hp is produced in the liver,white adipose tissue,and the kidney.The genetic polymorphisms and different phenotypes of Hp have different biological functions.Hp has antibacterial,antioxidant,and angiogenic effects and is associated with multiple diseases including simple obesity,vascular complications of diabetes mellitus,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,hypertension,blood diseases,autoimmune diseases,and malignant tumors.Hp also participates in many life activities,indicating the importance of Hp in further studies.Previously,we found that the expression of serum Hp changed after treatment of simple obesity patients in clinical trials.However,the specific mechanism of Hp in patients with simple obesity is still unclear.The purpose of this article is to introduce recent research progress on Hp,emphasizing the relationship between Hp and the development of metabolic disease,which will improve the understanding of the functions of Hp underlying metabolic diseases and discuss future research directions.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81872000).
文摘Caspase recruitment domain containing protein 9(CARD9)is an adaptor protein that plays a critical role in pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)-mediated activation of NF-kB and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK).This elicits initiation of the pro・inflammatory cytokines and leads to inflammatory responses,which has been recognized as a critical contributor to chronic inflammation.Current researches demonstrate that CARD9 is strongly associated with metabolic diseases,such as obesity,insulin resistance,atherosclerosis and so on.In this review,we summarize CARD9 signaling pathway and the role of CARD9 in metabolic diseases.
文摘In this review, the characteristics of gut microbiota changes in 11 metabolic diseases, as well as the research progress on their interventions, are summarized. The gut microbiota contributes to metabolic diseases through intestinal mucosal dysfunction, chronic metabolic inflammatory response, gut brain axis imbalance, gene regulation, insulin resistance, and the action of its metabolites. The researches of cause effect relationship and mechanism are relatively few, need further study, expecting a breakthrough in the future to be a new path in the treatment of some metabolic diseases.
文摘Bile acids(BAs)serve as physiological detergents that enable the intestinal absorption and transportation of nutrients,lipids and vitamins.BAs are primarily produced by humans to catabolize cholesterol and play crucial roles in gut metabolism,microbiota habitat regulation and cell signaling.BA-activated nuclear receptors regulate the enterohepatic circulation of BAs which play a role in energy,lipid,glucose,and drug metabolism.The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the biotransformation of BAs and regulates BAs composition and metabolism.Therefore,altered gut microbial and BAs activity can affect human metabolism and thus result in the alteration of metabolic pathways and the occurrence of metabolic diseases/syndromes,such as diabetes mellitus,obesity/hypercholesterolemia,and cardiovascular diseases.BAs and their metabolites are used to treat altered gut microbiota and metabolic diseases.This review explores the increasing body of evidence that links alterations of gut microbial activity and BAs with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases.Moreover,we summarize existing research on gut microbes and BAs in relation to intracellular pathways pertinent to metabolic disorders.Finally,we discuss how therapeutic interventions using BAs can facilitate microbiome functioning and ease metabolic diseases.
基金supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82104802)the Scientific Research Program of the Hebei Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.2021311)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Program of the Jiangsu Province Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.YB2020065)the Yunnan Province major Science and Technology Special Project(Biological Medicine)(Grant No.2019ZF005).
文摘The rapid development of bioinformatics has provided novel approaches and methods for exploring the mechanisms of disease treatment via Chinese herbal medicines.Compound Chinese herbal medicines formulas have complex compositions and are characterized by their multiple constituents and diverse array of biological targets.Therefore,the mechanisms of action of most compound Chinese herbal medicines formulas cannot be adequately explained using a single pathway.Omics technologies describe high-throughput-based analytical and detection techniques,which include transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics and provide multilayer parameter information that can be integrated to characterize the overall relationships involved in the therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicines formulas.Through their combination with network biology and drug effect networks,omics technologies also enable investigations into the mechanisms of disease treatment in traditional Chinese medicine.The integration of multiple omics technologies is in line with the concept of holism in traditional Chinese medicine and provides an approach for combining modern science and technology with traditional Chinese medicine theories.In recent years,omics technologies have been widely used to elucidate the mechanisms of action of Chinese herbal medicines.The latest studies employing multi-omics integration for investigating the mechanisms of action of Chinese herbal medicines interventions in metabolic diseases have devoted greater attention to in-depth explorations of disease pathogenesis.This paper provides a review of the following multi-omics technologies,which are used in research on the treatment of common metabolic diseases(e.g.,type-2 diabetes mellitus,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease):network pharmacology combined with metabolomics,16S rRNA sequencing combined with transcriptomics,16S rRNA sequencing combined with metabolomics,and 16S rRNA sequencing combined with network pharmacology and metabolomics.
基金Graduate Innovation Project of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2020CX06)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81303243)+1 种基金Project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(No.20JC012)Research and Innovation Team of Traditional Chinese Medicine Properties and Compatibility Mechanism Based on"Properties-effect"Correlation Characteristics(No.2019-QN02)。
文摘Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα(PPAR-α)is a transcription factor activated by ligand receptors and is a subfamily of the nuclear receptor superfamily.The PPAR subfamily consists of three subtypes:PPAR-α(NR1C1),PPAR-β/δ(NR1C2)and PPAR-γ(NR1C3).Among them,PPAR-αis the first discovered transcription factor and the main regulator of fatty acid oxidation homeostasis.Some natural and synthetic ligands can activate PPAR-α,and the activation of PPAR-αthrough its ligands can modify many of the cells in the cell.Biological processes,these processes are closely related to the energy metabolism mechanism of metabolic diseases,so it represents an important molecular target for the development of new drugs for the treatment of metabolic diseases.The following summarizes the latest progress of PPAR-αand energy metabolism in terms of the structure and distribution of PPAR-α,its role in different tissues,and its role in metabolic diseases,etc.,providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
文摘Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a positive diagnostic criterion and metabolic dysfunction is listed as an important cause of hepatic liver disease.MAFLD is a liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome and a key driver of metabolic syndrome.Glucose and lipid metabolism are disordered in MAFLD,which leads to extrahepatic complications through cytokines,genetic variation,visceral fat accumulation,dietary intake,and complex intestinal microbiome.Extensive clinical evidence suggests that MAFLD is independently associated with various metabolic diseases.With its renaming,the epidemiology,pathogenesis,and treatment of MAFLD and metabolic-related diseases need to be reassessed and studied to lay out a foundation for effective prevention and treatment strategies in the future.
基金supported by VA Merit Award 5I01BX005730NIH 1R01AA030180,2R56DK115377-05A1.
文摘Maintaining bile acid homeostasis is essential for metabolic health.Bile acid homeostasis encompasses a complex interplay between biosynthesis,conjugation,secretion,and reabsorption.Beyond their vital role in digestion and absorption of lipid-soluble nutrients,bile acids are pivotal in systemic metabolic regulation.Recent studies have linked bile acid dysregulation to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases,including obesity,type 2 diabetes melli-tus(T2DM),and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD).Bile acids are essential signaling molecules that regulate many critical biological processes,including lipid metabolism,energy expenditure,insulin sensitivity,and glucose metabolism.Disruption in bile acid homeostasis contributes to metabolic disease via altered bile acid feedback mechanisms,hormonal dysregu-lation,interactions with the gut microbiota,and changes in the expression and function of bile acid transporters and receptors.This review summarized the essential molecular pathways and regulatory mechanisms through which bile acid dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of obesity,T2DM,and MASLD.We aim to underscore the significance of bile acids as potential diag-nostic markers and therapeutic agents in the context of metabolic diseases,providing insights into their application in translational medicine.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.72101236China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2022M722900+1 种基金Collaborative Innovation Project of Zhengzhou City,No.XTCX2023006Nursing Team Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,No.HLKY2023005.
文摘BACKGROUND Within the normal range,elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels are associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).AIM To investigate the associations between repeated high-normal ALT measurements and the risk of new-onset MAFLD prospectively.METHODS A cohort of 3553 participants followed for four consecutive health examinations over 4 years was selected.The incidence rate,cumulative times,and equally and unequally weighted cumulative effects of excess high-normal ALT levels(ehALT)were measured.Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse the association between the cumulative effects of ehALT and the risk of new-onset MAFLD.RESULTS A total of 83.13%of participants with MAFLD had normal ALT levels.The incidence rate of MAFLD showed a linear increasing trend in the cumulative ehALT group.Compared with those in the low-normal ALT group,the multivariate adjusted hazard ratios of the equally and unequally weighted cumulative effects of ehALT were 1.651[95%confidence interval(CI):1.199-2.273]and 1.535(95%CI:1.119-2.106)in the third quartile and 1.616(95%CI:1.162-2.246)and 1.580(95%CI:1.155-2.162)in the fourth quartile,respectively.CONCLUSION Most participants with MAFLD had normal ALT levels.Long-term high-normal ALT levels were associated with a cumulative increased risk of new-onset MAFLD.
基金Supported by PIP-CONICET 2021-2023 grant,No.11220200100875COPICT-2020-Serie,No.A-00788and“Florencio Fiorini Foundation”grants.
文摘Unmet needs exist in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)risk stratification.Our ability to identify patients with MASLD with advanced fibrosis and at higher risk for adverse outcomes is still limited.Incorporating novel biomarkers could represent a meaningful improvement to current risk predictors.With this aim,omics technologies have revolutionized the process of MASLD biomarker discovery over the past decades.While the research in this field is thriving,much of the publication has been haphazard,often using single-omics data and specimen sets of convenience,with many identified candidate biomarkers but lacking clinical validation and utility.If we incorporate these biomarkers to direct patients’management,it should be considered that the roadmap for translating a newly discovered omics-based signature to an actual,analytically valid test useful in MASLD clinical practice is rigorous and,therefore,not easily accomplished.This article presents an overview of this area’s current state,the conceivable opportunities and challenges of omics-based laboratory diagnostics,and a roadmap for improving MASLD biomarker research.
文摘Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD),once known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),represents a spectrum of liver disorders characterized by lipid accumulation within hepatocytes.The redefinition of NAFLD in 2023 marked a significant reposition in terminology,emphasizing a broader understanding of liver steatosis and its associated risks.MASLD is now recognized as a major risk factor for liver cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma,and systemic complications such as cardiovascular diseases or systemic inflammation.Diagnostic challenges arise,particularly in identifying MASLD in lean individuals,necessitating updated diagnostic protocols and investing in non-invasive diagnostic tools.Therapeutically,there is an urgent need for effective treatments targeting MASLD,with emerging pharmacological options focusing on,among others,carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.Additionally,understanding the roles of bile acid metabolism,the microbiome,and dietary interventions in MASLD pathogenesis and management holds promise for innovative therapeutic approaches.There is a strong need to emphasize the importance of collaborative efforts in understanding,diagnosing,and managing MASLD to improve physicians’approaches and patient outcomes.
