Valine is an essential amino acid and a type of branched-chain amino acid. Due to the involvement of branchedchain amino acids in various metabolic pathways, there has been a surge of interests in valine nutrition and...Valine is an essential amino acid and a type of branched-chain amino acid. Due to the involvement of branchedchain amino acids in various metabolic pathways, there has been a surge of interests in valine nutrition and its role in animal physiology. In pigs, the interactions between valine and other branched-chain amino acids or aromatic amino acids are complex. In this review, we delve into the interaction mechanism, metabolic pathways, and biological functions of valine. Appropriate valine supplementation not only enhances growth and reproductive performances, but also modulates gut microbiota and immune functions. Based on past observations and interpretations, we provide recommended feed levels of valine for weaned piglets, growing pigs, gilts, lactating sows, barrows and entire males. The summarized valine nutrient requirements for pigs at different stages offer valuable insights for future research and practical applications in animal husbandry.展开更多
Fructose and glucose are often widely used in food processing and may contribute to many metabolic diseases.To observe the effects of different doses of glucose and fructose on human metabolism and cellular communicat...Fructose and glucose are often widely used in food processing and may contribute to many metabolic diseases.To observe the effects of different doses of glucose and fructose on human metabolism and cellular communication,volunteers were given low,medium,and high doses of glucose and fructose.Serum cytokines,glucose,lactate,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)and metabolic enzymes were assayed,and central carbon metabolic pathway networks and cytokine communication networks were constructed.The results showed that the glucose and fructose groups basically maintained the trend of decreasing catabolism and increasing anabolism with increasing dose.Compared with glucose,low-dose fructose decreased catabolism and increased anabolism,significantly enhanced the expression of the inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ(IFN-γ),macrophage-derived chemokine(MDC),induced protein-10(IP-10),and eotaxin,and significantly reduced the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase(ICDH)and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes(PDHC).Both medium and high doses of fructose increase catabolism and anabolism,and there are more cytokines and enzymes with significant changes.Furthermore,multiple cytokines and enzymes show strong relevance to metabolic regulation by altering the transcription and expression of enzymes in central carbon metabolic pathways.Therefore,excessive intake of fructose should be reduced to avoid excessive inflammatory responses,allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases.展开更多
This article summarized three main kinds of metabolic pathways related to the synthesis of aroma compounds in plants, concluded the roles and expres- sion patterns of key enzyme genes catalyzing the formation of major...This article summarized three main kinds of metabolic pathways related to the synthesis of aroma compounds in plants, concluded the roles and expres- sion patterns of key enzyme genes catalyzing the formation of major intermediate products in phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway, isoprene metabolic pathway and alkaloid biosynthetic pathway respectively, highlighted the latest developments of these key enzyme genes in tobacco, and accordingly proposed that in-depth study at the protein level and analysis of metabolic network interaction should be carried out in tobacco besides the expression regulation and transgenic crop improvement at the genetic level. Based on the above analysis, further improvement of tobacco aroma quality through metabolic engineering and its application prospect in agricultural production were prospected.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to explore the effects of Apocynum venetum diet on nutritional metabolism of Tan sheep.[Method]Forty Ningxia Tan sheep were randomly divided into 4 groups(A,B,C and D),with 10 sheep in each gr...[Objective]The paper was to explore the effects of Apocynum venetum diet on nutritional metabolism of Tan sheep.[Method]Forty Ningxia Tan sheep were randomly divided into 4 groups(A,B,C and D),with 10 sheep in each group.The sheep were fed with different contents of A.venetum granule feedstuff(0%,5%,10%and 15%).Blood samples were collected from jugular vein on the 20th,40th and 60th day of the experimental period.Serum samples were prepared and analyzed for differential metabolites by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technique and annotated to the KEGG pathway.[Result](1)The differential metabolites increased with the extension of feeding time.The up-regulated metabolites in Tan sheep serum were more than the down-regulated ones,and reached the maximum on the 40th day.The up-regulated differential metabolites included 2 amino acids(valine and alanine),7 organic acids(β-hydroxybutyric acid,fumarate,ethylmalonic acid,hydroxyphenylacetic acid,gentiolic acid,protocatechuic acid,and oxycholic acid),pyrocatechol and taurochenocholate.The down-regulated differential metabolite was only p-chlorophenol.(2)With the increase of A.venetum content in pelleted diet,the differential metabolites in the serum of Tan sheep also increased,and the serum metabolic level gradually stabilized after the 10%concentration level.Similarly,the up-regulated metabolites were far more than the down-regulated metabolites.The up-regulated differential metabolites included 3 organic acids(β-hydroxybutyric acid,oxycholic acid and gentiolic acid),2 amino acids(alanine and valine)and catechol,and the down-regulated differential metabolite was only taurochenocholate.(3)The metabolic pathways involving in differential metabolites were mainly tricarboxylic acid cycle,tyrosine metabolism,taurine and bile acid pathway.[Conclusion]The results will provide a scientific basis for the green breeding of Tan sheep.展开更多
Objective To explore potential serum biomarkers of children with Kashin-Beck Disease(KBD)and the metabolic pathways to which the biomarkers belong.Methods A two-stage metabolomic study was employed.The discovery cohor...Objective To explore potential serum biomarkers of children with Kashin-Beck Disease(KBD)and the metabolic pathways to which the biomarkers belong.Methods A two-stage metabolomic study was employed.The discovery cohort included 56 patients,51 internal controls,and 50 external controls.The metabolites were determined by HPLC-(Q-TOF)-MS and confirmed by Human Metabolome Databases(HMDB)and Metlin databases.MetaboAnalyst 3.0 and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)database were used to analyze the metabolic pathways of the candidate metabolites.The use of HPLC-(Q-TRAP)-MS enabled quantitative detection of the target metabolites which were chosen using the discovery study and verified in another independent verification cohort of 31 patients,41 internal controls,and 50 external controls.Results Eight candidate metabolites were identified out in the discovery study,namely kynurenic acid,N-α-acetylarginine,6-hydroxymelatonin,sphinganine,ceramide,sphingosine-1 P,spermidine,and glycine.These metabolites exist in sphingolipid,glutathione,and tryptophan metabolic pathways.In the second-stage study,five candidate metabolites were validated,including kynurenic acid,N-α-acetylarginine,sphinganine,spermidine,and sphingosine-1 P.Except for spermidine,all substances exhibited low expression in the case group compared with the external control group,and the difference in levels of sphinganine,spermidine,and sphingosine-1 P was statistically significant.Conclusion The direction of change of levels of sphinganine,spermidine,and sphingosine-1 P in the two-stage study cohorts was completely consistent,and the differences were statistically significant.Therefore,these substances can be used as potential biomarkers of KBD.Furthermore,these results raise the possibility that sphingolipid metabolic pathways may be closely related to KBD.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Hypoxia is associated with many complicated pathophysiological and biochemical processes that integrated and regulated via the key gene,protein and endogenous metabolite levels.Up to date,the exact molecular...OBJECTIVE Hypoxia is associated with many complicated pathophysiological and biochemical processes that integrated and regulated via the key gene,protein and endogenous metabolite levels.Up to date,the exact molecular mechanism of hypoxia still remains unclear.In this work,we further explore the molecular mechanism of hypoxia and adaption to attenuate the damage in zebrafish model that have potential to resist hypoxic environment.METHODS The hypoxic zebrafish model was established in different concentration of oxygen with 3%,5%,10%,21%in water.The brain tissue was separated and the RNA-seq was used to identify the differentially expressed genes.The related endogenous metabolites profiles were obtained by LC-HDMS,and the multivariate statistics was applied to discover the important metabolites candidates in hypoxic zebrafish.The candidates were searched in HMDB,KEGG and Lipid Maps databases.RESULTS The zebrafish hypoxic model was successfully constructed via the different concentration of oxygen,temperature and hypoxic time.The activities of the related hypoxic metabolic enzymes and factors including HIF-1a,actate dehydrogenase(LDH)and citrate synthase(CS)were evaluated.Significant differences(P<0.05 and fold change>2)in the expression of 422 genes were observed between the normal and 3% hypoxic model.Among them,201 genes increased depended on the lower concentration of oxygen.53 metabolites were identified that had significant difference between the hypoxia and control groups(P<0.05,fold change>1.5 and VIP>1.5).The ten key metabolites were increased gradually while six compounds were decreased.The endogenous hypoxic metabolites of phenylalanine,D-glucosamine-6P and several important lipids with the relevant hub genes had similar change in hypoxic model.In addition,the metabolic pathways of phenylalanine,glutamine and glycolipid were influenced in both the levels of genes and metabolites.CONCLUSION The up-regulation of phenylalanine,D-glucosamine-6P and lipid may have further understanding of protective effect in hypoxia.Our data provided an insight to further reveal the hypoxia and adaptation mechanism.展开更多
Adult neural stem cells are neurogenesis progenitor cells that play an important role in neurogenesis.Therefore,neural regeneration may be a promising target for treatment of many neurological illnesses.The regenerati...Adult neural stem cells are neurogenesis progenitor cells that play an important role in neurogenesis.Therefore,neural regeneration may be a promising target for treatment of many neurological illnesses.The regenerative capacity of adult neural stem cells can be chara cterized by two states:quiescent and active.Quiescent adult neural stem cells are more stable and guarantee the quantity and quality of the adult neural stem cell pool.Active adult neural stem cells are chara cterized by rapid proliferation and differentiation into neurons which allow for integration into neural circuits.This review focuses on diffe rences between quiescent and active adult neural stem cells in nutrition metabolism and protein homeostasis.Furthermore,we discuss the physiological significance and underlying advantages of these diffe rences.Due to the limited number of adult neural stem cells studies,we refe rred to studies of embryonic adult neural stem cells or non-mammalian adult neural stem cells to evaluate specific mechanisms.展开更多
Free amino acid(FAA)is the important component of vinegar that infl uences quality perception and consumer acceptance.FAA is one of the major metabolites produced by microorganisms;however,the microbial metabolic netw...Free amino acid(FAA)is the important component of vinegar that infl uences quality perception and consumer acceptance.FAA is one of the major metabolites produced by microorganisms;however,the microbial metabolic network on FAA biosynthesis remains unclear.Through metagenomic analysis,this work aimed to elucidate the roles of microbes in FAA biosynthesis during Monascus rice vinegar fermentation.Taxonomic profiles from functional analyses showed 14 dominant genera with high contributions to the metabolism pathways.The metabolic network for FAA biosynthesis was then constructed,and the microbial distribution in different metabolic pathways was illuminated.The results revealed that 5 functional genera were closely involved in FAA biosynthesis.This study illuminated the metabolic roles of microorganisms in FAA biosynthesis and provided crucial insights into the functional attributes of microbiota in vinegar fermentation.展开更多
Gene transcription and new protein synthesis regulated by epigenetics play integral roles in the formation of new memories.However,as an important part of epigenetics,the function of chromatin remodeling in learning a...Gene transcription and new protein synthesis regulated by epigenetics play integral roles in the formation of new memories.However,as an important part of epigenetics,the function of chromatin remodeling in learning and memory has been less studied.Here,we showed that SMARCA5(SWI/SNF related,matrix-associated,actin-dependent regulator of chromatin,subfamily A,member 5),a critical chromatin remodeler,was responsible for hippocampus-dependent memory maintenance and neurogenesis.Using proteomics analysis,we found protein expression changes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus(DG)after the knockdown of SMARCA5 during contextual fear conditioning(CFC)memory maintenance in mice.Moreover,SMARCA5 was revealed to participate in CFC memory maintenance via modulating the proteins of metabolic pathways such as nucleoside diphosphate kinase-3(NME3)and aminoacylase 1(ACY1).This work is the first to describe the role of SMARCA5 in memory maintenance and to demonstrate the involvement of metabolic pathways regulated by SMARCA5 in learning and memory.展开更多
High-throughput metabolomics can clarify the underlying molecular mechanism of diseases via the qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolites.This study used the established Yang Huang syndrome(YHS)mouse model ...High-throughput metabolomics can clarify the underlying molecular mechanism of diseases via the qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolites.This study used the established Yang Huang syndrome(YHS)mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of geniposide(GEN).Urine metabolic data were quantified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.The non-target screening of the massive biological information dataset was performed,and a total of 33 metabolites,including tyramine glucuronide,aurine,and L-cysteine,were identified relating to YHS.These differential metabolites directly participated in the disturbance of phase I reaction and hydrophilic transformation of bilirubin.Interestingly,they were completely reversed by GEN.While,as the auxiliary technical means,we also focused on the molecular prediction and docking results in network pharmacological and integrated analysis part.We used integrated analysis to communicate the multiple results of metabolomics and network pharmacology.This study is the first to report that GEN indirectly regulates the metabolite“tyramine glucuronide”through its direct effect on the target heme oxygenase 1 in vivo.Meanwhile,heme oxygenase-1,a prediction of network pharmacology,was the confirmed metabolic enzyme of phase I reaction in hepatocytes.Our study indicated that the combination of high-throughput metabolomics and network pharmacology is a robust combination for deciphering the pathogenesis of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome.展开更多
The crosstalk between signaling and metabolic pathways has been known to play key roles in human diseases and plant biological processes.The integration of signaling and metabolic pathways can provide an essential ref...The crosstalk between signaling and metabolic pathways has been known to play key roles in human diseases and plant biological processes.The integration of signaling and metabolic pathways can provide an essential reference framework for crosstalk analysis.However,current databases use distinct structures to present signaling and metabolic pathways,which leads to the chaos in the integrated networks.Moreover,for the metabolic pathways,the metabolic enzymes and the reactions are disconnected by the current widely accepted layout of edges and nodes,which hinders the topological analysis of the integrated networks.Here,we propose a novel“meta-pathway”structure,which uses the uniformed structure to display the signaling and metabolic pathways,and resolves the difficulty in linking the metabolic enzymes to the reactions topologically.We compiled a comprehensive collection of global integrative networks(GINs)by merging the meta-pathways of 7077 species.We demonstrated the assembly of the signaling and metabolic pathways using the GINs of four species—human,mouse,Arabidopsis,and rice.Almost all of the nodes were assembled into one major network for each of the four species,which provided opportunities for robust crosstalk and topological analysis,and knowledge graph construction.展开更多
Linoleic acid is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans or animals themselves and can only be obtained externally.The amount of linoleic acid present has an impact on the quality ...Linoleic acid is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans or animals themselves and can only be obtained externally.The amount of linoleic acid present has an impact on the quality and flavour of meat and indirectly affects consumer preference.However,the molecular mechanisms influencing the deposition of linoleic acid in organisms are not clear.As the molecular mechanisms of linoleic acid deposition are not well understood,to investigate the main effector genes affecting the linoleic acid content,this study aimed to screen for hub genes in slow-type yellow-feathered chickens by transcriptome sequencing(RNA-Seq)and weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA).We screened for candidate genes associated with the linoleic acid content in slow-type yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 399 Tiannong partridge chickens were slaughtered at 126 days of age,fatty acid levels were measured in pectoral muscle,and pectoral muscle tissue was collected for transcriptome sequencing.Transcriptome sequencing results were combined with phenotypes for WGCNA to screen for candidate genes.KEGG enrichment analysis was also performed on the genes that were significantly enriched in the modules with the highest correlation.A total of 13310 genes were identified after quality control of transcriptomic data from 399 pectoral muscle tissues.WGCNA was performed,and a total of 26 modules were obtained,eight of which were highly correlated with the linoleic acid content.Four key genes,namely,MDH2,ATP5B,RPL7A and PDGFRA,were screened according to the criteria|GS|>0.2 and|MM|>0.8.The functional enrichment results showed that the genes within the target modules were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways.In this study,a large-sample-size transcriptome analysis revealed that metabolic pathways play an important role in the regulation of the linoleic acid content in Tiannong partridge chickens,and MDH2,ATP5B,RPL7A and PDGFRA were screened as important candidate genes affecting the linoleic acid content.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for selecting molecular markers and comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanism affecting the linoleic acid content in muscle,providing an important reference for the breeding of slow-type yellowfeathered broiler chickens.展开更多
In-depth knowledge on the role of pyridine as a bottleneck restricting the successful application of anammox-based process treating refractory coking wastewater remains unknown.In this study,the effect of short-term p...In-depth knowledge on the role of pyridine as a bottleneck restricting the successful application of anammox-based process treating refractory coking wastewater remains unknown.In this study,the effect of short-term pyridine addition on a simultaneous anammox and denitrification(SAD)system fed with 25–150 mg/L pyridine was explored.The short-term operation showed that the highest total nitrogen(TN)removal efficiency was achieved at 25–50 mg/L of pyridine.As the pyridine addition increased,the contribution of the anammox pathway in nitrogen removal decreased from 99.3%to 79.1%,while the denitrification capability gradually improved.The specific anammox activity(SAA)at 150 mg/L pyridine decreased by 56.7%of the maximum SAA.The modified non-competitive inhibition model indicated that the 50%inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))of pyridine on anammox was 84.18 mg/L and the substrate inhibition constant(Ki)of pyridine for self-degradation was 135.19 mg/L according to the Haldane model.Moreover,high-throughput sequencing confirmed the abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia as the amount of anammox species decreased,while the amounts of denitrifiers and pyridine degraders significantly increased as the pyridine stress increased.Finally,the possible pathways of nitrogen bioconversion and pyridine biodegradation in the SAD system were elucidated through metagenomic analysis and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry results.The findings of this study enlarge the understanding of the removal mechanisms of complex nitrogenous pyridinecontaining wastewater treated by the SAD process.展开更多
This review is intended to cover the works related to the anthocyanin behavior in food that is subjected to drying.Both experimental and theoretical results available in scientific literature are discussed.An increase...This review is intended to cover the works related to the anthocyanin behavior in food that is subjected to drying.Both experimental and theoretical results available in scientific literature are discussed.An increase in anthocyanin concentration has been observed upon thermal processing.Nevertheless,a conclusive explanation is still unavailable.The accessible studies suggest an increase in concentration during maturations,which could be related to the enzymatic activity.The possible enzymes involved in such a procedure have also been covered,including their role played in the process.The possible activation mechanisms and the related factors such as temperature,pH,oxygen contents and the presence of UV-light irradiation were also considered.Moreover,the metabolic pathways were also explored including experimental evaluation and theoretical models based on atomistic methodologies such as density functional theory(DFT).This review is aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the probable mechanisms behind the increase of anthocyanin concentration during drying.展开更多
Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum)is an important pseudocereal feed crop with medicinal and nutritional value.Drought is one of the main causes of reduced growth and yield in these plants.We investigated the growt...Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum)is an important pseudocereal feed crop with medicinal and nutritional value.Drought is one of the main causes of reduced growth and yield in these plants.We investigated the growth,physiological,and metabolic responses of the widely promoted Tartary buckwheat variety Chuan Qiao No.1 to polyethylene glycol(PEG)-mediated drought stress.Drought significantly decreased shoot length,shoot biomass and relative water content.Root length,malondialdehyde content,electrolyte leakage,activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,catalase and amylase,and contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein and proline were increased by PEG-mediated drought.Untargeted metabolomics analysis identified 32 core metabolites in seedlings subjected to PEG-mediated drought,16 of which increased—including quercetin,isovitexin,cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside,L-arginine,and glycerophosphocholine,while the other 16 decreased—including 3-methoxytyramine,2,6-diaminopimelic acid,citric acid,UDP-alpha-D-glucose,adenosine,keto-D-fructose.The 32 core metabolites were enriched in 29 metabolic pathways,including lysine biosynthesis,citrate(TCA)cycle,anthocyanin biosynthesis,and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis.Among them,taurine and hypotaurine metabolism,flavor and flavor biosynthesis,indole alkaline biosynthesis,and alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism were the four main metabolic pathways affected by drought.Our findings provide new insights into the physiological and metabolic response mechanisms of Tartary buckwheat to drought stress.展开更多
To deepen the understanding in the effect of potassium lactate on the sensory quality and safety of Rugao ham,sensory attributes,physicochemical parameters,total volatile basic nitrogen(TVBN),microorganism community a...To deepen the understanding in the effect of potassium lactate on the sensory quality and safety of Rugao ham,sensory attributes,physicochemical parameters,total volatile basic nitrogen(TVBN),microorganism community and biogenic amines of Rugao ham manufactured with different potassium lactate levels(0%,0.5%,1%,2%)were investigated;the relationship between microbial community and the formation of TVBN and biogenic amines was further evaluated.With the increase of potassium lactate from 0%to 2%,the increased sensory scores and the decreased total aerobic bacterial count and TVBN were observed;the abundance of Staphylococcus increased,while the content of Halomonas decreased.LDA effect size(LEf Se)and correlations analysis showed that Staphylococcus equorum and Lactobacillus fermentum could be the key species to improve sensory scores and decrease biogenic amines and TVBN.Metabolic pathway analysis further showed that amino acids metabolism and nitrogen metabolism were mainly involved in decreasing TVBN and biogenic amines in the treatment of 2%potassium lactate.展开更多
Popular fermented golden pomfret(Trachinotus ovatus)is prepared via spontaneous fermentation;however,the mechanisms underlying the regulation of its flavor development remain unclear.This study shows the roles of the ...Popular fermented golden pomfret(Trachinotus ovatus)is prepared via spontaneous fermentation;however,the mechanisms underlying the regulation of its flavor development remain unclear.This study shows the roles of the complex microbiota and the dynamic changes in microbial community and flavor compounds during fish fermentation.Single-molecule real-time sequencing and molecular networking analysis revealed the correlations among different microbial genera and the relationships between microbial taxa and volatile compounds.Mechanisms underlying flavor development were also elucidated via KEGG based functional annotations.Clostridium,Shewanella,and Staphylococcus were the dominant microbial genera.Forty-nine volatile compounds were detected in the fermented fish samples,with thirteen identified as characteristic volatile compounds(ROAV>1).Volatile profiles resulted from the interactions among the microorganisms and derived enzymes,with the main metabolic pathways being amino acid biosynthesis/metabolism,carbon metabolism,and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis.This study demonstrated the approaches for distinguishing key microbiota associated with volatile compounds and monitoring the industrial production of high-quality fermented fish products.展开更多
[Objective] Expressions of key enzymatic genes involved in phenyl-propanoid metabolic pathway in potato and StR2R3-MYB and StTGA transcripters were investigated in the present study. [Method] The primitive cultivar Ya...[Objective] Expressions of key enzymatic genes involved in phenyl-propanoid metabolic pathway in potato and StR2R3-MYB and StTGA transcripters were investigated in the present study. [Method] The primitive cultivar Yan was the materials for replicated trials and total RNA extracted from tissues of seedlings. Re-al-time florescent quantification PCR, multiple intervals of air temperature, light-il umi-nation and time-duration were factors of treatments in the experiment. Data on gene expressions were obtained and proceed to asses and compare effects based on statistical analysis. [Result] The results showed negative correlations between tem-perature degrees and expressions of StPAL, StDFR and StR2R3-MYB genes but not StTGA. Positive correlations, however, were derived between those of StCHS, StDFR and StR2R3-MYB and light-intensity. Significant interactive effects between expressions of StPAL and StDFR and treatments, light intensity and temperature degree, along the phenylpropanoid pathway were observed. Transcription regulator of StR2R3-MYB showed significant positive effect on the expression of StCHS of potato. StTGA transcription factor, on the other hand, gave significant negative ef-fects on the expression of StDFR. [Conclusion] Results from present study reveal the role of environmental factors and complicate interactions between such condi-tions as temperature-light il umination and mRNA function of target genes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia(HUA)is a public health concern that needs to be solved urgently.The lyophilized powder of Poecilobdella manillensis has been shown to significantly alleviate HUA;however,its underlying metabol...BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia(HUA)is a public health concern that needs to be solved urgently.The lyophilized powder of Poecilobdella manillensis has been shown to significantly alleviate HUA;however,its underlying metabolic regulation remains unclear.AIM To explore the underlying mechanisms of Poecilobdella manillensis in HUA based on modulation of the gut microbiota and host metabolism.METHODS A mouse model of rapid HUA was established using a high-purine diet and potassium oxonate injections.The mice received oral drugs or saline.Additionally,16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics were performed to identify changes in the microbiome and host metabolome,respectively.The levels of uric acid transporters and epithelial tight junction proteins in the renal and intestinal tissues were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS The protein extract of Poecilobdella manillensis lyophilized powder(49 mg/kg)showed an enhanced anti-trioxypurine ability than that of allopurinol(5 mg/kg)(P<0.05).A total of nine bacterial genera were identified to be closely related to the anti-trioxypurine activity of Poecilobdella manillensis powder,which included the genera of Prevotella,Delftia,Dialister,Akkermansia,Lactococcus,Escherichia_Shigella,Enterococcus,and Bacteroides.Furthermore,22 metabolites in the serum were found to be closely related to the anti-trioxypurine activity of Poecilobdella manillensis powder,which correlated to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of cysteine and methionine metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,galactose metabolism,and phenylalanine,tyrosine,and tryptophan biosynthesis.Correlation analysis found that changes in the gut microbiota were significantly related to these metabolites.CONCLUSION The proteins in Poecilobdella manillensis powder were effective for HUA.Mechanistically,they are associated with improvements in gut microbiota dysbiosis and the regulation of sphingolipid and galactose metabolism.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies,characterized by poor prognosis and low survival rates.Traditional prognostic factors for pancreatic cancer offer inadequate predictive accuracy,ofte...BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies,characterized by poor prognosis and low survival rates.Traditional prognostic factors for pancreatic cancer offer inadequate predictive accuracy,often failing to capture the complexity of the disease.The hypoxic tumor microenvironment has been recognized as a significant factor influencing cancer progression and resistance to treatment.This study aims to develop a prognostic model based on key hypoxia-related molecules to enhance prediction accuracy for patient outcomes and to guide more effective treatment strategies in pancreatic cancer.AIM To develop and validate a prognostic model for predicting outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer using key hypoxia-related molecules.METHODS This pancreatic cancer prognostic model was developed based on the expression levels of the hypoxia-associated genes CAPN2,PLAU,and CCNA2.The results were validated in an independent dataset.This study also examined the correlations between the model risk score and various clinical features,components of the immune microenvironment,chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity,and metabolism-related pathways.Real-time quantitative PCR verification was conducted to confirm the differential expression of the target genes in hypoxic and normal pancreatic cancer cell lines.RESULTS The prognostic model demonstrated significant predictive value,with the risk score showing a strong correlation with clinical features:It was significantly associated with tumor grade(G)(bP<0.01),moderately associated with tumor stage(T)(aP<0.05),and significantly correlated with residual tumor(R)status(bP<0.01).There was also a significant negative correlation between the risk score and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of some chemotherapeutic drugs.Furthermore,the risk score was linked to the enrichment of metabolism-related pathways in pancreatic cancer.CONCLUSION The prognostic model based on hypoxia-related genes effectively predicts pancreatic cancer outcomes with improved accuracy over traditional factors and can guide treatment selection based on risk assessment.展开更多
基金supported by Postdoctoral Innovation Talents’ Support Programthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (32130099)+1 种基金the Tianjin Synthetic Biotechnology Innovation Capacity Improvement Project (TSBICIP-CXRC-038)Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project (NT2021005)。
文摘Valine is an essential amino acid and a type of branched-chain amino acid. Due to the involvement of branchedchain amino acids in various metabolic pathways, there has been a surge of interests in valine nutrition and its role in animal physiology. In pigs, the interactions between valine and other branched-chain amino acids or aromatic amino acids are complex. In this review, we delve into the interaction mechanism, metabolic pathways, and biological functions of valine. Appropriate valine supplementation not only enhances growth and reproductive performances, but also modulates gut microbiota and immune functions. Based on past observations and interpretations, we provide recommended feed levels of valine for weaned piglets, growing pigs, gilts, lactating sows, barrows and entire males. The summarized valine nutrient requirements for pigs at different stages offer valuable insights for future research and practical applications in animal husbandry.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901782)。
文摘Fructose and glucose are often widely used in food processing and may contribute to many metabolic diseases.To observe the effects of different doses of glucose and fructose on human metabolism and cellular communication,volunteers were given low,medium,and high doses of glucose and fructose.Serum cytokines,glucose,lactate,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)and metabolic enzymes were assayed,and central carbon metabolic pathway networks and cytokine communication networks were constructed.The results showed that the glucose and fructose groups basically maintained the trend of decreasing catabolism and increasing anabolism with increasing dose.Compared with glucose,low-dose fructose decreased catabolism and increased anabolism,significantly enhanced the expression of the inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ(IFN-γ),macrophage-derived chemokine(MDC),induced protein-10(IP-10),and eotaxin,and significantly reduced the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase(ICDH)and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes(PDHC).Both medium and high doses of fructose increase catabolism and anabolism,and there are more cytokines and enzymes with significant changes.Furthermore,multiple cytokines and enzymes show strong relevance to metabolic regulation by altering the transcription and expression of enzymes in central carbon metabolic pathways.Therefore,excessive intake of fructose should be reduced to avoid excessive inflammatory responses,allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Basic Research and Operating Expenses of Central Nonprofit Research Institutes,the Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences"Terpene Synthase Gene Prediction and Structural Analysis in Nicotiana gossei"(2011011)
文摘This article summarized three main kinds of metabolic pathways related to the synthesis of aroma compounds in plants, concluded the roles and expres- sion patterns of key enzyme genes catalyzing the formation of major intermediate products in phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway, isoprene metabolic pathway and alkaloid biosynthetic pathway respectively, highlighted the latest developments of these key enzyme genes in tobacco, and accordingly proposed that in-depth study at the protein level and analysis of metabolic network interaction should be carried out in tobacco besides the expression regulation and transgenic crop improvement at the genetic level. Based on the above analysis, further improvement of tobacco aroma quality through metabolic engineering and its application prospect in agricultural production were prospected.
文摘[Objective]The paper was to explore the effects of Apocynum venetum diet on nutritional metabolism of Tan sheep.[Method]Forty Ningxia Tan sheep were randomly divided into 4 groups(A,B,C and D),with 10 sheep in each group.The sheep were fed with different contents of A.venetum granule feedstuff(0%,5%,10%and 15%).Blood samples were collected from jugular vein on the 20th,40th and 60th day of the experimental period.Serum samples were prepared and analyzed for differential metabolites by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technique and annotated to the KEGG pathway.[Result](1)The differential metabolites increased with the extension of feeding time.The up-regulated metabolites in Tan sheep serum were more than the down-regulated ones,and reached the maximum on the 40th day.The up-regulated differential metabolites included 2 amino acids(valine and alanine),7 organic acids(β-hydroxybutyric acid,fumarate,ethylmalonic acid,hydroxyphenylacetic acid,gentiolic acid,protocatechuic acid,and oxycholic acid),pyrocatechol and taurochenocholate.The down-regulated differential metabolite was only p-chlorophenol.(2)With the increase of A.venetum content in pelleted diet,the differential metabolites in the serum of Tan sheep also increased,and the serum metabolic level gradually stabilized after the 10%concentration level.Similarly,the up-regulated metabolites were far more than the down-regulated metabolites.The up-regulated differential metabolites included 3 organic acids(β-hydroxybutyric acid,oxycholic acid and gentiolic acid),2 amino acids(alanine and valine)and catechol,and the down-regulated differential metabolite was only taurochenocholate.(3)The metabolic pathways involving in differential metabolites were mainly tricarboxylic acid cycle,tyrosine metabolism,taurine and bile acid pathway.[Conclusion]The results will provide a scientific basis for the green breeding of Tan sheep.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation[NO.81372937]。
文摘Objective To explore potential serum biomarkers of children with Kashin-Beck Disease(KBD)and the metabolic pathways to which the biomarkers belong.Methods A two-stage metabolomic study was employed.The discovery cohort included 56 patients,51 internal controls,and 50 external controls.The metabolites were determined by HPLC-(Q-TOF)-MS and confirmed by Human Metabolome Databases(HMDB)and Metlin databases.MetaboAnalyst 3.0 and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)database were used to analyze the metabolic pathways of the candidate metabolites.The use of HPLC-(Q-TRAP)-MS enabled quantitative detection of the target metabolites which were chosen using the discovery study and verified in another independent verification cohort of 31 patients,41 internal controls,and 50 external controls.Results Eight candidate metabolites were identified out in the discovery study,namely kynurenic acid,N-α-acetylarginine,6-hydroxymelatonin,sphinganine,ceramide,sphingosine-1 P,spermidine,and glycine.These metabolites exist in sphingolipid,glutathione,and tryptophan metabolic pathways.In the second-stage study,five candidate metabolites were validated,including kynurenic acid,N-α-acetylarginine,sphinganine,spermidine,and sphingosine-1 P.Except for spermidine,all substances exhibited low expression in the case group compared with the external control group,and the difference in levels of sphinganine,spermidine,and sphingosine-1 P was statistically significant.Conclusion The direction of change of levels of sphinganine,spermidine,and sphingosine-1 P in the two-stage study cohorts was completely consistent,and the differences were statistically significant.Therefore,these substances can be used as potential biomarkers of KBD.Furthermore,these results raise the possibility that sphingolipid metabolic pathways may be closely related to KBD.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81573683 and 81173121)
文摘OBJECTIVE Hypoxia is associated with many complicated pathophysiological and biochemical processes that integrated and regulated via the key gene,protein and endogenous metabolite levels.Up to date,the exact molecular mechanism of hypoxia still remains unclear.In this work,we further explore the molecular mechanism of hypoxia and adaption to attenuate the damage in zebrafish model that have potential to resist hypoxic environment.METHODS The hypoxic zebrafish model was established in different concentration of oxygen with 3%,5%,10%,21%in water.The brain tissue was separated and the RNA-seq was used to identify the differentially expressed genes.The related endogenous metabolites profiles were obtained by LC-HDMS,and the multivariate statistics was applied to discover the important metabolites candidates in hypoxic zebrafish.The candidates were searched in HMDB,KEGG and Lipid Maps databases.RESULTS The zebrafish hypoxic model was successfully constructed via the different concentration of oxygen,temperature and hypoxic time.The activities of the related hypoxic metabolic enzymes and factors including HIF-1a,actate dehydrogenase(LDH)and citrate synthase(CS)were evaluated.Significant differences(P<0.05 and fold change>2)in the expression of 422 genes were observed between the normal and 3% hypoxic model.Among them,201 genes increased depended on the lower concentration of oxygen.53 metabolites were identified that had significant difference between the hypoxia and control groups(P<0.05,fold change>1.5 and VIP>1.5).The ten key metabolites were increased gradually while six compounds were decreased.The endogenous hypoxic metabolites of phenylalanine,D-glucosamine-6P and several important lipids with the relevant hub genes had similar change in hypoxic model.In addition,the metabolic pathways of phenylalanine,glutamine and glycolipid were influenced in both the levels of genes and metabolites.CONCLUSION The up-regulation of phenylalanine,D-glucosamine-6P and lipid may have further understanding of protective effect in hypoxia.Our data provided an insight to further reveal the hypoxia and adaptation mechanism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82171336(to XX)。
文摘Adult neural stem cells are neurogenesis progenitor cells that play an important role in neurogenesis.Therefore,neural regeneration may be a promising target for treatment of many neurological illnesses.The regenerative capacity of adult neural stem cells can be chara cterized by two states:quiescent and active.Quiescent adult neural stem cells are more stable and guarantee the quantity and quality of the adult neural stem cell pool.Active adult neural stem cells are chara cterized by rapid proliferation and differentiation into neurons which allow for integration into neural circuits.This review focuses on diffe rences between quiescent and active adult neural stem cells in nutrition metabolism and protein homeostasis.Furthermore,we discuss the physiological significance and underlying advantages of these diffe rences.Due to the limited number of adult neural stem cells studies,we refe rred to studies of embryonic adult neural stem cells or non-mammalian adult neural stem cells to evaluate specific mechanisms.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001728).
文摘Free amino acid(FAA)is the important component of vinegar that infl uences quality perception and consumer acceptance.FAA is one of the major metabolites produced by microorganisms;however,the microbial metabolic network on FAA biosynthesis remains unclear.Through metagenomic analysis,this work aimed to elucidate the roles of microbes in FAA biosynthesis during Monascus rice vinegar fermentation.Taxonomic profiles from functional analyses showed 14 dominant genera with high contributions to the metabolism pathways.The metabolic network for FAA biosynthesis was then constructed,and the microbial distribution in different metabolic pathways was illuminated.The results revealed that 5 functional genera were closely involved in FAA biosynthesis.This study illuminated the metabolic roles of microorganisms in FAA biosynthesis and provided crucial insights into the functional attributes of microbiota in vinegar fermentation.
基金supported by the Youth Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000788)Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(ZR2019 BC097)+5 种基金Key Project from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81830035)the Major program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(82090033)the Major Basic research program of Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(ZR2019ZD35)The Major program of Technological innovation 2030"Brain science and brain-inspired research"(2021ZD0203002)Shandong Taishan Scholar Awardthe Fundamental Research Funds of Qingdao University.
文摘Gene transcription and new protein synthesis regulated by epigenetics play integral roles in the formation of new memories.However,as an important part of epigenetics,the function of chromatin remodeling in learning and memory has been less studied.Here,we showed that SMARCA5(SWI/SNF related,matrix-associated,actin-dependent regulator of chromatin,subfamily A,member 5),a critical chromatin remodeler,was responsible for hippocampus-dependent memory maintenance and neurogenesis.Using proteomics analysis,we found protein expression changes in the hippocampal dentate gyrus(DG)after the knockdown of SMARCA5 during contextual fear conditioning(CFC)memory maintenance in mice.Moreover,SMARCA5 was revealed to participate in CFC memory maintenance via modulating the proteins of metabolic pathways such as nucleoside diphosphate kinase-3(NME3)and aminoacylase 1(ACY1).This work is the first to describe the role of SMARCA5 in memory maintenance and to demonstrate the involvement of metabolic pathways regulated by SMARCA5 in learning and memory.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1706103)Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81830110,8181101160,81430093,81673586,81703685,81302905,81503386,and 81373930)+5 种基金National Key Subject of Drug Innovation(Nos.2015ZX09101043-005 and 2015ZX-09101043-011)TCM State Administration Subject of Public Welfare(No.2015468004)Major Projects of Application Technology Research and Development Plan in Heilongjiang Province(No.GX16C003)Young Talent Lift Engineering Project of China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.QNRC2-B06)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Nos.YQ2019H030 and H2016056)Foundation of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine(Nos.2018jc01,2018bs02,and 201809).
文摘High-throughput metabolomics can clarify the underlying molecular mechanism of diseases via the qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolites.This study used the established Yang Huang syndrome(YHS)mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of geniposide(GEN).Urine metabolic data were quantified by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.The non-target screening of the massive biological information dataset was performed,and a total of 33 metabolites,including tyramine glucuronide,aurine,and L-cysteine,were identified relating to YHS.These differential metabolites directly participated in the disturbance of phase I reaction and hydrophilic transformation of bilirubin.Interestingly,they were completely reversed by GEN.While,as the auxiliary technical means,we also focused on the molecular prediction and docking results in network pharmacological and integrated analysis part.We used integrated analysis to communicate the multiple results of metabolomics and network pharmacology.This study is the first to report that GEN indirectly regulates the metabolite“tyramine glucuronide”through its direct effect on the target heme oxygenase 1 in vivo.Meanwhile,heme oxygenase-1,a prediction of network pharmacology,was the confirmed metabolic enzyme of phase I reaction in hepatocytes.Our study indicated that the combination of high-throughput metabolomics and network pharmacology is a robust combination for deciphering the pathogenesis of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome.
文摘The crosstalk between signaling and metabolic pathways has been known to play key roles in human diseases and plant biological processes.The integration of signaling and metabolic pathways can provide an essential reference framework for crosstalk analysis.However,current databases use distinct structures to present signaling and metabolic pathways,which leads to the chaos in the integrated networks.Moreover,for the metabolic pathways,the metabolic enzymes and the reactions are disconnected by the current widely accepted layout of edges and nodes,which hinders the topological analysis of the integrated networks.Here,we propose a novel“meta-pathway”structure,which uses the uniformed structure to display the signaling and metabolic pathways,and resolves the difficulty in linking the metabolic enzymes to the reactions topologically.We compiled a comprehensive collection of global integrative networks(GINs)by merging the meta-pathways of 7077 species.We demonstrated the assembly of the signaling and metabolic pathways using the GINs of four species—human,mouse,Arabidopsis,and rice.Almost all of the nodes were assembled into one major network for each of the four species,which provided opportunities for robust crosstalk and topological analysis,and knowledge graph construction.
基金This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-41)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(2020B020222002)+3 种基金the Foshan University High-level Talent Program,China(CGZ07243)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding,China(2019B030301010)the Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes,China(2019KSYS011)the Foshan Institute of Science and Technology Postgraduate Free Exploration Fund,China(2021ZYTS36).
文摘Linoleic acid is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by humans or animals themselves and can only be obtained externally.The amount of linoleic acid present has an impact on the quality and flavour of meat and indirectly affects consumer preference.However,the molecular mechanisms influencing the deposition of linoleic acid in organisms are not clear.As the molecular mechanisms of linoleic acid deposition are not well understood,to investigate the main effector genes affecting the linoleic acid content,this study aimed to screen for hub genes in slow-type yellow-feathered chickens by transcriptome sequencing(RNA-Seq)and weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA).We screened for candidate genes associated with the linoleic acid content in slow-type yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 399 Tiannong partridge chickens were slaughtered at 126 days of age,fatty acid levels were measured in pectoral muscle,and pectoral muscle tissue was collected for transcriptome sequencing.Transcriptome sequencing results were combined with phenotypes for WGCNA to screen for candidate genes.KEGG enrichment analysis was also performed on the genes that were significantly enriched in the modules with the highest correlation.A total of 13310 genes were identified after quality control of transcriptomic data from 399 pectoral muscle tissues.WGCNA was performed,and a total of 26 modules were obtained,eight of which were highly correlated with the linoleic acid content.Four key genes,namely,MDH2,ATP5B,RPL7A and PDGFRA,were screened according to the criteria|GS|>0.2 and|MM|>0.8.The functional enrichment results showed that the genes within the target modules were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways.In this study,a large-sample-size transcriptome analysis revealed that metabolic pathways play an important role in the regulation of the linoleic acid content in Tiannong partridge chickens,and MDH2,ATP5B,RPL7A and PDGFRA were screened as important candidate genes affecting the linoleic acid content.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for selecting molecular markers and comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanism affecting the linoleic acid content in muscle,providing an important reference for the breeding of slow-type yellowfeathered broiler chickens.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21607111)the Key Research and Development Projects of Shanxi Province(No.201803D31052)the Opening Project of National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control,Resource Reuse Foundation,Tongji University(No.PCRRF18011).
文摘In-depth knowledge on the role of pyridine as a bottleneck restricting the successful application of anammox-based process treating refractory coking wastewater remains unknown.In this study,the effect of short-term pyridine addition on a simultaneous anammox and denitrification(SAD)system fed with 25–150 mg/L pyridine was explored.The short-term operation showed that the highest total nitrogen(TN)removal efficiency was achieved at 25–50 mg/L of pyridine.As the pyridine addition increased,the contribution of the anammox pathway in nitrogen removal decreased from 99.3%to 79.1%,while the denitrification capability gradually improved.The specific anammox activity(SAA)at 150 mg/L pyridine decreased by 56.7%of the maximum SAA.The modified non-competitive inhibition model indicated that the 50%inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))of pyridine on anammox was 84.18 mg/L and the substrate inhibition constant(Ki)of pyridine for self-degradation was 135.19 mg/L according to the Haldane model.Moreover,high-throughput sequencing confirmed the abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia as the amount of anammox species decreased,while the amounts of denitrifiers and pyridine degraders significantly increased as the pyridine stress increased.Finally,the possible pathways of nitrogen bioconversion and pyridine biodegradation in the SAD system were elucidated through metagenomic analysis and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry results.The findings of this study enlarge the understanding of the removal mechanisms of complex nitrogenous pyridinecontaining wastewater treated by the SAD process.
基金supported by DPAGA-UNAM(Direcci´on General de Asuntos del Personal Acad´emico of Universidad Nacional Aut´onoma de M´exico)through project PAPIIT-TA200320SPJ acknowledges the PhD.scholarchips provided by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y tecnología(CONACYT)with No.419434+3 种基金J.M.would like to acknowledge the financial support given by DGAPA under Project No.PAPIIT-IN106122also the Supercomputing Department of UNAM for the computing resources under Project No.LANCAD-UNAM-DGTIC-370 and LANCAD-UNAM-DGTIC-310the support given by Fondo Sectorial de Investigaci´on para la Educaci´on-CONACYT under Project No.A1-S-13294.Project No.270810(Laboratorio Nacional de Conversi´on y Almacenamiento de Energía-CONACYT)also acknowledged.C.D.wants to acknowledge the PhD.scholarships provided by CONACYT with No.633818.
文摘This review is intended to cover the works related to the anthocyanin behavior in food that is subjected to drying.Both experimental and theoretical results available in scientific literature are discussed.An increase in anthocyanin concentration has been observed upon thermal processing.Nevertheless,a conclusive explanation is still unavailable.The accessible studies suggest an increase in concentration during maturations,which could be related to the enzymatic activity.The possible enzymes involved in such a procedure have also been covered,including their role played in the process.The possible activation mechanisms and the related factors such as temperature,pH,oxygen contents and the presence of UV-light irradiation were also considered.Moreover,the metabolic pathways were also explored including experimental evaluation and theoretical models based on atomistic methodologies such as density functional theory(DFT).This review is aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the probable mechanisms behind the increase of anthocyanin concentration during drying.
基金We acknowledge the Project of National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1001403)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-07-B-1)+3 种基金Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2022YFQ0041)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601260,32160428)Innovative Training Program for College Students(S202111079058)Special Research Fund from Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(2020CC012)to facilitate the research.
文摘Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum)is an important pseudocereal feed crop with medicinal and nutritional value.Drought is one of the main causes of reduced growth and yield in these plants.We investigated the growth,physiological,and metabolic responses of the widely promoted Tartary buckwheat variety Chuan Qiao No.1 to polyethylene glycol(PEG)-mediated drought stress.Drought significantly decreased shoot length,shoot biomass and relative water content.Root length,malondialdehyde content,electrolyte leakage,activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,catalase and amylase,and contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein and proline were increased by PEG-mediated drought.Untargeted metabolomics analysis identified 32 core metabolites in seedlings subjected to PEG-mediated drought,16 of which increased—including quercetin,isovitexin,cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside,L-arginine,and glycerophosphocholine,while the other 16 decreased—including 3-methoxytyramine,2,6-diaminopimelic acid,citric acid,UDP-alpha-D-glucose,adenosine,keto-D-fructose.The 32 core metabolites were enriched in 29 metabolic pathways,including lysine biosynthesis,citrate(TCA)cycle,anthocyanin biosynthesis,and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis.Among them,taurine and hypotaurine metabolism,flavor and flavor biosynthesis,indole alkaline biosynthesis,and alanine,aspartate and glutamate metabolism were the four main metabolic pathways affected by drought.Our findings provide new insights into the physiological and metabolic response mechanisms of Tartary buckwheat to drought stress.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32022066,32101975)Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation(LQ22C200017)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Foundation(2020M681806,2021T140348)Science and Technology Programs of Ningbo(202003N4130,202002N3067)。
文摘To deepen the understanding in the effect of potassium lactate on the sensory quality and safety of Rugao ham,sensory attributes,physicochemical parameters,total volatile basic nitrogen(TVBN),microorganism community and biogenic amines of Rugao ham manufactured with different potassium lactate levels(0%,0.5%,1%,2%)were investigated;the relationship between microbial community and the formation of TVBN and biogenic amines was further evaluated.With the increase of potassium lactate from 0%to 2%,the increased sensory scores and the decreased total aerobic bacterial count and TVBN were observed;the abundance of Staphylococcus increased,while the content of Halomonas decreased.LDA effect size(LEf Se)and correlations analysis showed that Staphylococcus equorum and Lactobacillus fermentum could be the key species to improve sensory scores and decrease biogenic amines and TVBN.Metabolic pathway analysis further showed that amino acids metabolism and nitrogen metabolism were mainly involved in decreasing TVBN and biogenic amines in the treatment of 2%potassium lactate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001733)the Earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-47)+3 种基金Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Program(2021GXNSFAA196023)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515010833)Young Talent Support Project of Guangzhou Association for Science and Technology(QT20220101142)the Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Non-profit Institutes,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(2020TD69)。
文摘Popular fermented golden pomfret(Trachinotus ovatus)is prepared via spontaneous fermentation;however,the mechanisms underlying the regulation of its flavor development remain unclear.This study shows the roles of the complex microbiota and the dynamic changes in microbial community and flavor compounds during fish fermentation.Single-molecule real-time sequencing and molecular networking analysis revealed the correlations among different microbial genera and the relationships between microbial taxa and volatile compounds.Mechanisms underlying flavor development were also elucidated via KEGG based functional annotations.Clostridium,Shewanella,and Staphylococcus were the dominant microbial genera.Forty-nine volatile compounds were detected in the fermented fish samples,with thirteen identified as characteristic volatile compounds(ROAV>1).Volatile profiles resulted from the interactions among the microorganisms and derived enzymes,with the main metabolic pathways being amino acid biosynthesis/metabolism,carbon metabolism,and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis.This study demonstrated the approaches for distinguishing key microbiota associated with volatile compounds and monitoring the industrial production of high-quality fermented fish products.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(31371683)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2012BAD02B05-8) during 12th Five-year Plan PeriodEarmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-10-P19)~~
文摘[Objective] Expressions of key enzymatic genes involved in phenyl-propanoid metabolic pathway in potato and StR2R3-MYB and StTGA transcripters were investigated in the present study. [Method] The primitive cultivar Yan was the materials for replicated trials and total RNA extracted from tissues of seedlings. Re-al-time florescent quantification PCR, multiple intervals of air temperature, light-il umi-nation and time-duration were factors of treatments in the experiment. Data on gene expressions were obtained and proceed to asses and compare effects based on statistical analysis. [Result] The results showed negative correlations between tem-perature degrees and expressions of StPAL, StDFR and StR2R3-MYB genes but not StTGA. Positive correlations, however, were derived between those of StCHS, StDFR and StR2R3-MYB and light-intensity. Significant interactive effects between expressions of StPAL and StDFR and treatments, light intensity and temperature degree, along the phenylpropanoid pathway were observed. Transcription regulator of StR2R3-MYB showed significant positive effect on the expression of StCHS of potato. StTGA transcription factor, on the other hand, gave significant negative ef-fects on the expression of StDFR. [Conclusion] Results from present study reveal the role of environmental factors and complicate interactions between such condi-tions as temperature-light il umination and mRNA function of target genes.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82160843.
文摘BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia(HUA)is a public health concern that needs to be solved urgently.The lyophilized powder of Poecilobdella manillensis has been shown to significantly alleviate HUA;however,its underlying metabolic regulation remains unclear.AIM To explore the underlying mechanisms of Poecilobdella manillensis in HUA based on modulation of the gut microbiota and host metabolism.METHODS A mouse model of rapid HUA was established using a high-purine diet and potassium oxonate injections.The mice received oral drugs or saline.Additionally,16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics were performed to identify changes in the microbiome and host metabolome,respectively.The levels of uric acid transporters and epithelial tight junction proteins in the renal and intestinal tissues were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS The protein extract of Poecilobdella manillensis lyophilized powder(49 mg/kg)showed an enhanced anti-trioxypurine ability than that of allopurinol(5 mg/kg)(P<0.05).A total of nine bacterial genera were identified to be closely related to the anti-trioxypurine activity of Poecilobdella manillensis powder,which included the genera of Prevotella,Delftia,Dialister,Akkermansia,Lactococcus,Escherichia_Shigella,Enterococcus,and Bacteroides.Furthermore,22 metabolites in the serum were found to be closely related to the anti-trioxypurine activity of Poecilobdella manillensis powder,which correlated to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of cysteine and methionine metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,galactose metabolism,and phenylalanine,tyrosine,and tryptophan biosynthesis.Correlation analysis found that changes in the gut microbiota were significantly related to these metabolites.CONCLUSION The proteins in Poecilobdella manillensis powder were effective for HUA.Mechanistically,they are associated with improvements in gut microbiota dysbiosis and the regulation of sphingolipid and galactose metabolism.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82100581。
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies,characterized by poor prognosis and low survival rates.Traditional prognostic factors for pancreatic cancer offer inadequate predictive accuracy,often failing to capture the complexity of the disease.The hypoxic tumor microenvironment has been recognized as a significant factor influencing cancer progression and resistance to treatment.This study aims to develop a prognostic model based on key hypoxia-related molecules to enhance prediction accuracy for patient outcomes and to guide more effective treatment strategies in pancreatic cancer.AIM To develop and validate a prognostic model for predicting outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer using key hypoxia-related molecules.METHODS This pancreatic cancer prognostic model was developed based on the expression levels of the hypoxia-associated genes CAPN2,PLAU,and CCNA2.The results were validated in an independent dataset.This study also examined the correlations between the model risk score and various clinical features,components of the immune microenvironment,chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity,and metabolism-related pathways.Real-time quantitative PCR verification was conducted to confirm the differential expression of the target genes in hypoxic and normal pancreatic cancer cell lines.RESULTS The prognostic model demonstrated significant predictive value,with the risk score showing a strong correlation with clinical features:It was significantly associated with tumor grade(G)(bP<0.01),moderately associated with tumor stage(T)(aP<0.05),and significantly correlated with residual tumor(R)status(bP<0.01).There was also a significant negative correlation between the risk score and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of some chemotherapeutic drugs.Furthermore,the risk score was linked to the enrichment of metabolism-related pathways in pancreatic cancer.CONCLUSION The prognostic model based on hypoxia-related genes effectively predicts pancreatic cancer outcomes with improved accuracy over traditional factors and can guide treatment selection based on risk assessment.
