Fructose consumption has risen dramatically in recent decades due to the use of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup in beverages and processed foods,contributing to rising rates of hyperuricemia.The purpose of this e...Fructose consumption has risen dramatically in recent decades due to the use of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup in beverages and processed foods,contributing to rising rates of hyperuricemia.The purpose of this experiment was to explore the anti-hyperuricemia effects of an active oligopeptide(GPSGRP)derived from sea cucumber in fructose induced hyperuricemia mouse model,and to clarify the underlying mechanism in sight of gut microbiota and serum metabolites.Peptide GPSGRP treatment rebalanced uric acid metabolism and alleviated inflammatory response in mice.In addition,treatment with GPSGRP decreased the abundance of Bacteroides and Proteobacteria at the phylum level,Muribaculum,Prevotella and Bacteroides at the genus level,and inhibited the related pathways of purine metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolism.Moreover,serum metabolites,including linoleic acid,indole and its derivatives,arachidonic acid and uridine,as well as related metabolic pathways,such as tricarboxylic acid cycle,ketone production and sugar production,were altered in response to GPSGRP treatment.This study provides a valuable reference for the application and development of marine biological peptides in uric acid management.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the predominant form of primary liver cancer,is a key contributor to cancer-related deaths globally.However,HCC diagnosis solely based on blood biochemical markers lacks both s...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the predominant form of primary liver cancer,is a key contributor to cancer-related deaths globally.However,HCC diagnosis solely based on blood biochemical markers lacks both sensitivity and specificity.AIM To investigate alterations of the fecal metabolome and intestinal bacteria and reveal the correlations among differential metabolites,distinct bacteria,and serum indicators.METHODS To uncover potentially effective therapeutic targets for HCC,we utilized nontargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-throughput DNA sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene.This comprehensive approach allowed us to investigate the metabolome and microbial community structure of feces samples obtained from patients with HCC.Furthermore,we conducted an analysis to assess the interplay between the fecal metabolome and intestinal bacterial population.RESULTS In comparison to healthy controls,a notable overlap of 161 differential metabolites and 3 enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways was observed in the HCC12(comprising patients with stage I and II HCC)and HCC34 groups(comprising patients with stage III and IV HCC).Lachnospira,Streptococcus,and Veillonella had significant differences in abundance in patients with HCC.Notably,Streptococcus and Veillonella exhibited significant correlations with serum indicators such as alpha-fetoprotein(AFP).Meanwhile,several differential metabolites[e.g.,4-keto-2-undecylpyrroline,dihydrojasmonic acid,1,8-heptadecadiene-4,6-diyne-3,10-diol,9(S)-HOTrE]also exhibited significant correlations with serum indicators such asγ-glutamyl transferase,total bilirubin,AFP,aspartate aminotransferase,and albumin.Additionally,these two genera also had significant associations with differential metabolites such as 1,2-Dipentadecanoyl-rac-glycerol(15:0/20:0/0:0),arachidoyl ethanolamide,and 4-keto-2-undecylpyrroline.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the metabolome of fecal samples and the composition of intestinal bacteria hold promise as potential biomarkers for HCC diagnosis.展开更多
Background Providing high-quality roughage is crucial for improvement of ruminant production because it is an essential component of their feed.Our previous study showed that feeding bio-fermented rice straw(BF)improv...Background Providing high-quality roughage is crucial for improvement of ruminant production because it is an essential component of their feed.Our previous study showed that feeding bio-fermented rice straw(BF)improved the feed intake and weight gain of sheep.However,it remains unclear why feeding BF to sheep increased their feed intake and weight gain.Therefore,the purposes of this research were to investigate how the rumen micro-biota and serum metabolome are dynamically changing after feeding BF,as well as how their changes influence the feed intake,digestibility,nutrient transport,meat quality and growth performances of sheep.Twelve growing Hu sheep were allocated into 3 groups:alfalfa hay fed group(AH:positive control),rice straw fed group(RS:negative control)and BF fed group(BF:treatment).Samples of rumen content,blood,rumen epithelium,muscle,feed offered and refusals were collected for the subsequent analysis.Results Feeding BF changed the microbial community and rumen fermentation,particularly increasing(P<0.05)relative abundance of Prevotella and propionate production,and decreasing(P<0.05)enteric methane yield.The histomorphology(height,width,area and thickness)of rumen papillae and gene expression for carbohydrate trans-port(MCT1),tight junction(claudin-1,claudin-4),and cell proliferation(CDK4,Cyclin A2,Cyclin E1)were improved(P<0.05)in sheep fed BF.Additionally,serum metabolome was also dynamically changed,which led to up-regulating(P<0.05)the primary bile acid biosynthesis and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid in sheep fed BF.As a result,the higher(P<0.05)feed intake,digestibility,growth rate,feed efficiency,meat quality and mono-unsaturated fatty acid concentration in muscle,and the lower(P<0.05)feed cost per kg of live weight were achieved by feeding BF.Conclusions Feeding BF improved the growth performances and meat quality of sheep and reduced their feed cost.Therefore,bio-fermentation of rice straw could be an innovative way for improving ruminant production with mini-mizing production costs.展开更多
This study aimed to explore the protective effect and potential mechanism of Nostoc commune Vauch.polysaccharide(NCVP)on lead(Pb)-poisoning mice.NCVP improved Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity and inflammatory responses...This study aimed to explore the protective effect and potential mechanism of Nostoc commune Vauch.polysaccharide(NCVP)on lead(Pb)-poisoning mice.NCVP improved Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity and inflammatory responses and modulated key indicators of antioxidant capacity.Moreover,the down-regulation of critical proteins of the Nrf2 pathway induced by Pb could be reversed after NCVP intervention.In addition,NCVP maintained the diversity of gut bacteriobiota and restored the relative abundance of f_Prevotellaceae,g_Alloprevotella,and f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group reduced by Pb.Also,NCVP regulated the diversity and abundance of gut mycobiota affected by Pb.Specifically,Pb decreased the proportion of pathogenic species(g_Fusarium,p_Basidiomycota,g_Alternaria,g_Aspergillus,and g_Candida)while NCVP increased the abundance of probiotics species(g_Kazachstania and p_Ascomycota).Furthermore,the metabolomic analysis found that NCVP significantly altered a range of microbial metabolites,including porphobilinogen,cromakalim,salidroside,and trichostatin A,which has significant associations with specific gut bacteriobiota or mycobiota.These altered metabolites are involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis,metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450,lysine degradation,and other metabolic pathways.Overall,our findings indicate that NCVP might be an excellent natural product for eliminating Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity,possibly by regulating gut bacteriome,mycobiome and metabolome.展开更多
Anoplophora glabripennis is one of the most devastating wood-boring beetles that attacks poplars.However,one poplar species,Populus deltoides,has strong resistance to Anoplophora glabripennis infestation,the underlyin...Anoplophora glabripennis is one of the most devastating wood-boring beetles that attacks poplars.However,one poplar species,Populus deltoides,has strong resistance to Anoplophora glabripennis infestation,the underlying defense mechanisms against Anoplophora glabripennis are poorly understood.Secondary metabolites play a crucial role in plants to combat biological stress.Here,based on transcriptome and metabolome,we demonstrated that the mechanisms for responses to mechanical damage and insect infestation were different.The degree of reactions to adult groove production,larval incubation,and larval frass production was not identical.In addition,the potential genes with insect resistance activity were identified.Predominant differentially expressed genes(DEGs)found in the phloem of Populus deltoides include anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase5(PdUGT72E),peroxidase 73(PdPod73),peroxidase A2(PdPodA2)and macrophage migration inhibitory factor(PdMIF)responded to stress caused by Anoplophora glabripennis,which further resulted in activation of the plant defense system against insects via changes in regulation of metabolic pathways,such as tyrosine metabolism pathway,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.Therefore,this work has laid a foundation for further unraveling the mechanisms involved in this interaction.展开更多
Dynamic changes in gut dysbiosis and metabolomic dysregulation are associated with immune-complex glomerulonephritis(ICGN).However,an in-depth study on this topic is currently lacking.Herein,we report an ICGN model to...Dynamic changes in gut dysbiosis and metabolomic dysregulation are associated with immune-complex glomerulonephritis(ICGN).However,an in-depth study on this topic is currently lacking.Herein,we report an ICGN model to address this gap.ICGN was induced via the intravenous injection of cationized bovine serum albumin(c-BSA)into Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats for two weeks,after which mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)and losartan were administered orally.Two and six weeks after ICGN establishment,fecal samples were collected and 16S ribosomal DNA(rDNA)sequencing and untargeted metabolomic were conducted.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)was conducted to determine whether gut normali-zation caused by MMF and losartan contributed to their renal protective effects.A gradual decline in microbial diversity and richness was accompanied by a loss of renal function.Approximately 18 genera were found to have significantly different relative abundances between the early and later stages,and Marvinbryantia and Allobaculum were markedly upregulated in both stages.Untargeted metabolomics indicated that the tryptophan metabolism was enhanced in ICGN,characterized by the overproduction of indole and kynurenic acid,while the serotonin pathway was reduced.Administration of losartan and MMF ameliorated microbial dysbiosis and reduced the accumulation of indoxyl conjugates in feces.FMT using feces from animals administered MMF and losartan improved gut dysbiosis by decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B)ratio but did not improve renal function.These findings indicate that ICGN induces serous gut dysbiosis,wherein an altered tryptophan metabolism may contribute to its pro-gression.MMF and losartan significantly reversed the gut microbial and metabolomic dysbiosis,which partially contributed to their renoprotective effects.展开更多
Lycium barbarum residue(LBR),a by-product of L.barbarum processing,is packed with bioactive components and can be potentially utilized as a feed additive in animal husbandry.However,the fundamental understanding of it...Lycium barbarum residue(LBR),a by-product of L.barbarum processing,is packed with bioactive components and can be potentially utilized as a feed additive in animal husbandry.However,the fundamental understanding of its effectiveness on livestock animals is still lacking,particularly in ruminants.To explore the effects of LBR on the growth performance,rumen fermentation parameters,ruminal microbes and metabolites of Tan sheep,sixteen fattening rams(aged 4 mon)were fed a basal diet(CON,n=8)or a basal diet supplemented with 5%LBR(LBR,n=8).The experiment lasted for 70 d,with 10 d adaptation period and 60 d treatment period.The results showed that the LBR enhanced the average daily feed intake,average daily gain(P<0.05),and ruminal total volatile fatty acids(P<0.01)while decreasing ammonia-nitrogen concentration and rumen pH value(P<0.05).Additionally,the LBR improved the relative abundances of Prevotella,Succiniclasticum,Ruminococcus,Coprococcus,Selenomonas,and Butyrivibrio(P<0.05)and reduced the relative abundances of Oscillospira and Succinivibrio(P<0.05).The LBR altered the ruminal metabolome(P<0.01)by increasing the abundances of ruminal metabolites involved in amino acids(e.g.,L-proline,L-phenylalanine,L-lysine,and L-tyrosine),pyrimidine metabolism(e.g.,uridine,uracil,and thymidine),and microbial protein synthesis(e.g.,xanthine and hypoxanthine).In conclusion,LBR had positive effects on the growth rate of Tan sheep as well as on rumen fermentation parameters,rumen microbiome and rumen metabolome.展开更多
Biological nitrification inhibitors(BNIs)are released from plant roots and inhibit the nitrification activity of microorganisms in soils,reducing NO_(3)^(‒)leaching and N2O emissions,and increasing nitrogenuse efficie...Biological nitrification inhibitors(BNIs)are released from plant roots and inhibit the nitrification activity of microorganisms in soils,reducing NO_(3)^(‒)leaching and N2O emissions,and increasing nitrogenuse efficiency(NUE).Several recent studies have focused on the identification of new BNIs,yet little is known about the genetic loci that govern their biosynthesis and secretion.We applied a combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis to investigate possible biosynthetic pathways and transporters involved in the biosynthesis and release of BNI 1,9-decanediol(1,9-D),which was previously identified in rice root exudates.Our results linked four fatty acids,icosapentaenoic acid,linoleate,norlinolenic acid,and polyhydroxy-α,ω-divarboxylic acid,with 1,9-D biosynthesis and three transporter families,namely the ATP-binding cassette protein family,the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family,and the major facilitator superfamily,with 1,9-D release from roots into the soil medium.Our finding provided candidates for further work on the genes implicated in the biosynthesis and secretion of 1,9-D and pinpoint genetic loci for crop breeding to improve NUE by enhancing 1,9-D secretion,with the potential to reduce NO_(3)^(‒)leaching and N2O emissions from agricultural soils.展开更多
The use of biochar can have several effects on plant germination,depending on raw material,preparation method and application dose.However,the molecular mechanisms that lead to those results have yet to be elucidated....The use of biochar can have several effects on plant germination,depending on raw material,preparation method and application dose.However,the molecular mechanisms that lead to those results have yet to be elucidated.The aim of this research was to improve the understanding of these mechanisms by characterizing the metabolic effects of sugarcane bagasse biochar on soybean germination.Three types of biochars were prepared by pyrolysis at 300℃(SCB300),400℃(SCB400)and 600℃(SCB600).Then,each one was mixed into sand at 1%,3%,5%(w/w)dose,respectively.The experiment was performed in 8 days of incubation,when the number of germinated seeds and the average radicle length were determined.To evaluate the metabolome,the dry biomass(DB)was subjected to extraction with a mixture of methanol-d4 and D2O(1:1 v/v).The extracts were submitted to metabolomics analysis by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.The Relative Germination,Relative Average Radicle Growth and Germination Index increased in all treatments compared to control.On the other hand,the DB increased in all treatments,except for SCB300,at doses of 1%and 3%w/w.Seven metabolites(alanine,asparagine,acetic acid,citric acid,glycerol,fatty acids and sucrose)were identified and quantified in DB extracts as the most influential finding for the separation of treatments.Taken together,these results strongly suggested that biochars accelerated the catabolism of triacylglycerols to sucrose and induced a slight osmotic stress.展开更多
Background The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the health and productivity of dairy cows,yet studies on its fun ctionality and its impact on peripheral circulation in these animals are relatively scarce,particula...Background The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the health and productivity of dairy cows,yet studies on its fun ctionality and its impact on peripheral circulation in these animals are relatively scarce,particularly regarding dietary interventions.Therefore,our study undertook a comprehensive analysis,incorporating both metabolomics and transcriptomics,to explore the effects of a grain-based diet on the functionality of the hypothalamus,as well as on blood and milk in dairy cows.Results The hypothalamic metabolome analysis revealed a significant reduction in prostaglandin E_(2)(PGE_(2))level as a prominent response to the grain-based diet introduction.Furthermore,the hypothalamic transcriptome profiling showed a nota ble upregulation in amino acid metabolism due to the grain-based diet.Conversely,the grain-based diet led to the downregulation of genes involved in the metabolic pathway from lecithin to PGE_(2),including phospholipase A2(PLA2G4E,PLA2G2A,and PLA2G12B),cyclooxygenase-2(COX2),and prostaglandin E synthase(PTGES).Additionally,the plasma metabolome analysis indicated a substantial decrease in the level of PGE_(2),along with a decline in adrenal steroid hormones(tetrahydrocortisol and pregnenolone)following the grain-based diet introduction.Analysis of the milk metabolome showed that the grain-based diet significantly increased uric acid level while notably decreasing PGE_(2)level.Importantly,PGE_(2)was identified as a critical metabolic marker in the hypothalamus,blood,and milk in response to grain intervention.Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant correlation among metabolic alterations in the hypothalamus,blood,and milk following the grain-based diet.Conclusions Our findings suggest a potential link between hypothalamic changes and alterations in peripheral circulation resulting from the introduction of a grain-based diet.展开更多
AIM To investigate changes in gut microbiota and metabolism during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) development in mice fed a methionine-choline-deficient(MCD) diet. METHODS Twenty-four male C57 BL/6 J mice were equ...AIM To investigate changes in gut microbiota and metabolism during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) development in mice fed a methionine-choline-deficient(MCD) diet. METHODS Twenty-four male C57 BL/6 J mice were equally divided into four groups and fed a methionine-choline-sufficient diet for 2 wk(Control 2 w group,n = 6) or 4 wk(Control 4 w group,n = 6) or the MCD diet for 2 wk(MCD 2 w group,n = 6) or 4 wk(MCD 4 w group,n = 6). Liver injury,fibrosis,and intestinal barrier function were evaluated after 2 and 4 wk of feeding. The fecal microbiome and metabolome were studied using 16 s r RNA deep sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The mice fed the MCD diet presented with simple hepatic steatosis and slight intestinal barrier deterioration after 2 wk. After 4 wk of feeding with the MCD diet,however,the mice developed prominent NASH with liver fibrosis,and the intestinal barrier was more impaired. Compared with the control diet,the MCD diet induced gradual gut microbiota dysbiosis,as evidenced by a marked decrease in the abundance of Alistipes and the(Eubacterium) coprostanoligenes group(P < 0.001 and P < 0.05,respectively) and a significant increase in Ruminococcaceae UCG 014 abundance(P < 0.05) after 2 wk. At 4 wk,the MCD diet significantly reduced the promising probiotic Bifidobacterium levels and markedly promoted Bacteroides abundance(P < 0.05,and P < 0.01,respectively). The fecal metabolomic profile was also substantially altered by the MCD diet: At 2 wk,arachidic acid,hexadecane,palmitic acid,and tetracosane were selected as potential biomarkers that were significantly different in the corresponding control group,and at 4 wk,cholic acid,cholesterol,arachidic acid,tetracosane,and stearic acid were selected. CONCLUSION The MCD diet induced persistent alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolome.展开更多
Background Dietary bamboo leaf flavonoids(BLFs)are rarely used in poultry production,and it is unknown whether they influence meat texture profile,perceived color,or microstructure.Results A total of 720 one-day-old A...Background Dietary bamboo leaf flavonoids(BLFs)are rarely used in poultry production,and it is unknown whether they influence meat texture profile,perceived color,or microstructure.Results A total of 720 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were supplemented with a basal diet with 20 mg bacitracin/kg,50 mg BLFs/kg,or 250 mg BLFs/kg or without additions.Data showed that the dietary BLFs significantly(P<0.05)changed growth performance and the texture profile.In particular,BLFs increased birds’average daily gain and average daily feed intake,decreased the feed:gain ratio and mortality rate,improved elasticity of breast meat,enhanced the gumminess of breast and leg meat,and decreased the hardness of breast meat.Moreover,a significant(P<0.05)increase in redness(a*)and chroma(c*)of breast meat and c*and water-holding capacity of leg meat was found in BLF-supplemented broilers compared with control broilers.In addition,BLFs supplementation significantly decreased(P<0.05)theβ-sheet ratio and serum malondialdehyde and increased theβ-turn ratio of protein secondary structure,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione peroxidase of breast meat and total antioxidant capacity and catalase of serum.Based on the analysis of untargeted metabolome,BLFs treatment considerably altered 14 metabolites of the breast meat,including flavonoids,amino acids,and organic acids,as well as phenolic and aromatic compounds.Conclusions Dietary BLFs supplementation could play a beneficial role in improving meat quality and sensory color in the poultry industry by changing protein secondary structures and modulating metabolites.展开更多
Freezing injury in winter is an important abiotic stress that seriously affects plant growth and development.Deciduous fruit trees resist freezing injury by inducing dormancy.However,different cultivars of the same sp...Freezing injury in winter is an important abiotic stress that seriously affects plant growth and development.Deciduous fruit trees resist freezing injury by inducing dormancy.However,different cultivars of the same species have different cold resistance strategies.Little is known about the molecular mechanism of apple trees in response to freezing injury during winter dormancy.Therefore,in this study,1-year-old branches of the cold-resistant cultivar‘Hanfu’(HF)and the cold-sensitive cultivar‘Changfuji No.2’(CF)were used to explore their cold resistance through physiological,biochemical,transcriptomics,and metabolomics analyses.Combining physiological and biochemical data,we found that HF had a stronger osmotic regulation ability and antioxidant enzyme activity than CF,as well as stronger cold resistance.The functional enrichment analysis showed that both cultivars were significantly enriched in pathways related to signal transduction,hormone regulation,and sugar metabolism under freezing stress.In addition,the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)encoding galactinol synthase,raffinose synthase,and stachyose synthetase in raffinose family oligosaccharides(RFOs)metabolic pathways were upregulated in HF,and raffinose and stachyose were accumulated,while their contents in CF were lower.HF accumulated 4-aminobutyric acid,spermidine,and ascorbic acid to scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS).While the contents of oxidized glutathione,vitamin C,glutathione,and spermidine in CF decreased under freezing stress,consequently,the ability to scavenge ROS was low.Furthermore,the transcription factors apetala 2/ethylene responsive factor(AP2/ERF)and WRKY were strongly induced under freezing stress.In summary,the difference in key metabolic components of HF and CF under freezing stress is the major factor affecting their difference in cold resistance.The obtained results deepen our understanding of the cold resistance mechanism in apple trees in response to freezing injury during dormancy.展开更多
Alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of liver diseases and liver-related death worldwide. The gut is a habitat for billions of microorganisms which promotes metabolism and digestion in their symbiotic rela...Alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of liver diseases and liver-related death worldwide. The gut is a habitat for billions of microorganisms which promotes metabolism and digestion in their symbiotic relationship with the host. Alterations of gut microbiome by alcohol consumption are referred to bacterial overgrowth, release of bacteria-derived products, and/or changed microbiota equilibrium. Alcohol consumption also perturbs the function of gastrointestinal mucosa and elicits a pathophysiological condition. These adverse effects caused by alcohol may ultimately result in a broad change of gastrointestinal luminal metabolites such as bile acids, short chain fatty acids, and branched chain amino acids. Gut microbiota alterations, metabolic changes produced in a dysbiotic intestinal environment, and the host factors are all critical contributors to the development and progression of alcoholic liver disease. This review summarizes recent findings of how alcohol-induced alterations of gut microbiota and metabolome, and discusses the mecha-nistic link between gastrointestinal dyshomeostasis and alcoholic liver injury.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy(ICP)is the most common liver disease during pregnancy,and its exact etiology and course of progression are still poorly understood.AIM To investigate the link between t...BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy(ICP)is the most common liver disease during pregnancy,and its exact etiology and course of progression are still poorly understood.AIM To investigate the link between the gut microbiota and serum metabolome in ICP patients.METHODS In this study,a total of 30 patients were recruited,including 15 patients with ICP(disease group)and 15 healthy pregnant patients(healthy group).The serum nontarget metabolomes from both groups were determined.Amplification of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region was performed using fecal samples from the disease and healthy groups.By comparing the differences in the microbiota and metabolite compositions between the two groups,the relationship between the gut microbiota and serum metabolites was also investigated.RESULTS The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis results showed that the primary bile acid biosynthesis,bile secretion and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathways were enriched in the ICP patients compared with the healthy controls.In addition,some pathways related to protein metabolism were also enriched in the ICP patients.The principal coordination analysis results showed that there was a distinct difference in the gut microbiota composition(beta diversity)between the ICP patients and healthy controls.At the phylum level,we observed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes was higher in the healthy group,while Bacteroidetes were enriched in the disease group.At the genus level,most of the bacteria depleted in ICP are able to produce short-chain fatty acids(e.g.,Faecalibacterium,Blautia and Eubacterium hallii),while the bacteria enriched in ICP are associated with bile acid metabolism(e.g.,Parabacteroides and Bilophila).Our results also showed that specific genera were associated with the serum metabolome.CONCLUSION Our study showed that the serum metabolome was altered in ICP patients compared to healthy controls,with significant differences in the bile,taurine and hypotaurine metabolite pathways.Alterations in the metabolization of these pathways may lead to disturbances in the gut microbiota,which may further affect the course of progression of ICP.展开更多
Objective Arsenic(As) and fluoride(F) are two of the most common elements contaminating groundwater resources. A growing number of studies have found that As and F can cause neurotoxicity in infants and children, lead...Objective Arsenic(As) and fluoride(F) are two of the most common elements contaminating groundwater resources. A growing number of studies have found that As and F can cause neurotoxicity in infants and children, leading to cognitive, learning, and memory impairments. However, early biomarkers of learning and memory impairment induced by As and/or F remain unclear. In the present study, the mechanisms by which As and/or F cause learning memory impairment are explored at the multi-omics level(microbiome and metabolome).Methods We stablished an SD rats model exposed to arsenic and/or fluoride from intrauterine to adult period.Results Arsenic and/fluoride exposed groups showed reduced neurobehavioral performance and lesions in the hippocampal CA1 region. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that As and/or F exposure significantly altered the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome, featuring the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Ruminococcus_1, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group. Metabolome analysis showed that As and/or F-induced learning and memory impairment may be related to tryptophan, lipoic acid, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic(GABAergic) synapse, and arachidonic acid(AA) metabolism. The gut microbiota, metabolites, and learning memory indicators were significantly correlated.Conclusion Learning memory impairment triggered by As and/or F exposure may be mediated by different gut microbes and their associated metabolites.展开更多
We conducted an integrative system biology of metabolome and transcriptome profile analyses during pomegranate(Punica granatum L.) seed germination and utilized a weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA) to...We conducted an integrative system biology of metabolome and transcriptome profile analyses during pomegranate(Punica granatum L.) seed germination and utilized a weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA) to describe the functionality and complexity of the physiological and morphogenetic processes as well as gene expression and metabolic differences during seed germination stages. In total, 489 metabolites were detected, including 40 differentially accumulated metabolites. The transcriptomic analysis showed the expression of 6 984 genes changed significantly throughout the whole germination process. Using WGCNA, we identified modules related to the various seed germination stages and hub genes. In the initial imbibition stage(stage 1), the pivotal genes involved in RNA transduction and the glycolytic pathway were most active, while in the sprouting stage(stage 4), the pivotal genes were involved in multiple metabolic pathways. In terms of secondary metabolic pathways, we found flavonoid 4-reductase genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway are most significantly affected during pomegranate seed germination, while the flavonol synthase gene was mainly involved in the regulation of isoflavonoid biosynthesis.展开更多
Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV)is an important virus that has rapidly spread throughout the world.TSWV seriously hinders the production of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)and other plants.In order to discover more new gen...Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV)is an important virus that has rapidly spread throughout the world.TSWV seriously hinders the production of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)and other plants.In order to discover more new genes and metabolites related to TSWV resistance in tomato plants,the genes and metabolites related to the resistance of tomato plants inoculated with TSWV were identified and studied herein.The tomato TSWV-resistance line YNAU335(335)and TSWV-susceptible lines NO5 and 96172I(961)were used as the transcriptome and metabolome research materials.Transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques were used to analyze the gene and metabolite response mechanisms to TSWV inoculation.A total of 3566,2951,and 2674 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in lines 335,NO5,and961,respectively.Meanwhile,208,228,and 273 differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs)were identified in lines 335,NO5,and 961,respectively.In line 335,the number of DEGs was the highest,but the number of DAMs was lowest.Furthermore,903 DEGs and 94 DAMs were common to the response to TSWV in the three inbred lines.The 903 DEGs and 94 DAMs were mainly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction and flavonoid synthesis pathways.In addition,many nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat genes and transcription factors were found that might be involved in the TSWV response.These results provide new insights into TSWV resistance mechanisms.展开更多
Neurodegenerative disorders are often associated with cellular dysfunction caused by underlying protein-misfolding signalling. Numerous neuropathologies are diagnosed at late stage symptomatic changes which occur in r...Neurodegenerative disorders are often associated with cellular dysfunction caused by underlying protein-misfolding signalling. Numerous neuropathologies are diagnosed at late stage symptomatic changes which occur in response to these molecular malfunctions and treatment is often too late or restricted only to the slowing of further cell death. Important new strategies to identify early biomarkers with predictive value to intervene with disease progression at stages where cell dysfunction has not progressed irreversibly is of paramount importance. Thus, the identification of these markers presents an essential opportunity to identify and target disease pathways. This review highlights some important metabolic alterations detected in neurodegeneration caused by misfolded prion protein and discusses common toxicity pathways identified across different neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, having established some commonalities between various degenerative conditions, detectable metabolic changes may be of extreme value as an early diagnostic biomarker in disease.展开更多
Globally, the third cause of males cancer and the fourth cause of females cancer is colon cancer(CC). In Egypt, high CC percentage occurs in children and in individuals below 40 years of age. The complete loss of biol...Globally, the third cause of males cancer and the fourth cause of females cancer is colon cancer(CC). In Egypt, high CC percentage occurs in children and in individuals below 40 years of age. The complete loss of biological enzyme function is the main cause of CC and consequently CC increased in smoking and pollution exposure. The aim of this review is to focus on the application of metabolome as a physiological tool that can play an important role in preventing CC incidence by natural products and hormones. The dietary factors, intestinal micro-flora and endogenously produced metabolites are the main three causes that produce free radicals in the colon. A correlation occurs between the enzyme activity and CC polymorphisms or property. Nowadays metabolome is applied with the progress of different analytical methods, data bases and tools for cancer predication and stimulation especially in CC cases. Metabolism is defined as intracellular chemical reactions that produce chemical substances and energies sustaining life. Metabolic pathway networks are also composed of links that are defined as transformation of chemical structures between two metabolites and an enzyme reaction. The most important advantage of metabolome is its ability to analyze metabolites from any source, regardless of origin, where the application of liquid chromatography combined with mass spectra in metabolome analysis to a series of cancer cell lines that were progressively more tumorigenic due to the induction of 1,2,3 or 4 oncogenes to cell lines could be a metabolome example application. In conclusion, natural products and hormones are very important in preventing CC in humans and animal models where both natural products and hormones play a significant and important effect in regulating physiological process especially in CC cases. In this situation, metabolome must increase in its application in the future for the diagnosis of CC cases.展开更多
基金sponsored by the One Health Interdisciplinary Research Project,Ningbo University,Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education in Ningbo University,and K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo Universitythe National Natural Science Foundation China(32270115)+1 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0901102)Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang(SJLY2021015)。
文摘Fructose consumption has risen dramatically in recent decades due to the use of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup in beverages and processed foods,contributing to rising rates of hyperuricemia.The purpose of this experiment was to explore the anti-hyperuricemia effects of an active oligopeptide(GPSGRP)derived from sea cucumber in fructose induced hyperuricemia mouse model,and to clarify the underlying mechanism in sight of gut microbiota and serum metabolites.Peptide GPSGRP treatment rebalanced uric acid metabolism and alleviated inflammatory response in mice.In addition,treatment with GPSGRP decreased the abundance of Bacteroides and Proteobacteria at the phylum level,Muribaculum,Prevotella and Bacteroides at the genus level,and inhibited the related pathways of purine metabolism and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis metabolism.Moreover,serum metabolites,including linoleic acid,indole and its derivatives,arachidonic acid and uridine,as well as related metabolic pathways,such as tricarboxylic acid cycle,ketone production and sugar production,were altered in response to GPSGRP treatment.This study provides a valuable reference for the application and development of marine biological peptides in uric acid management.
基金Supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Shanxi Province,No.20210302124369the Health Commission of Shanxi Province,No.2021116Shanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.2024ZYY2C054.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),the predominant form of primary liver cancer,is a key contributor to cancer-related deaths globally.However,HCC diagnosis solely based on blood biochemical markers lacks both sensitivity and specificity.AIM To investigate alterations of the fecal metabolome and intestinal bacteria and reveal the correlations among differential metabolites,distinct bacteria,and serum indicators.METHODS To uncover potentially effective therapeutic targets for HCC,we utilized nontargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-throughput DNA sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene.This comprehensive approach allowed us to investigate the metabolome and microbial community structure of feces samples obtained from patients with HCC.Furthermore,we conducted an analysis to assess the interplay between the fecal metabolome and intestinal bacterial population.RESULTS In comparison to healthy controls,a notable overlap of 161 differential metabolites and 3 enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways was observed in the HCC12(comprising patients with stage I and II HCC)and HCC34 groups(comprising patients with stage III and IV HCC).Lachnospira,Streptococcus,and Veillonella had significant differences in abundance in patients with HCC.Notably,Streptococcus and Veillonella exhibited significant correlations with serum indicators such as alpha-fetoprotein(AFP).Meanwhile,several differential metabolites[e.g.,4-keto-2-undecylpyrroline,dihydrojasmonic acid,1,8-heptadecadiene-4,6-diyne-3,10-diol,9(S)-HOTrE]also exhibited significant correlations with serum indicators such asγ-glutamyl transferase,total bilirubin,AFP,aspartate aminotransferase,and albumin.Additionally,these two genera also had significant associations with differential metabolites such as 1,2-Dipentadecanoyl-rac-glycerol(15:0/20:0/0:0),arachidoyl ethanolamide,and 4-keto-2-undecylpyrroline.CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the metabolome of fecal samples and the composition of intestinal bacteria hold promise as potential biomarkers for HCC diagnosis.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32061143034,32161143028)Tibet Regional Science and Technology Collaborative Innovation Project(QYXTZX-NQ2021-01)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2022-ct04).
文摘Background Providing high-quality roughage is crucial for improvement of ruminant production because it is an essential component of their feed.Our previous study showed that feeding bio-fermented rice straw(BF)improved the feed intake and weight gain of sheep.However,it remains unclear why feeding BF to sheep increased their feed intake and weight gain.Therefore,the purposes of this research were to investigate how the rumen micro-biota and serum metabolome are dynamically changing after feeding BF,as well as how their changes influence the feed intake,digestibility,nutrient transport,meat quality and growth performances of sheep.Twelve growing Hu sheep were allocated into 3 groups:alfalfa hay fed group(AH:positive control),rice straw fed group(RS:negative control)and BF fed group(BF:treatment).Samples of rumen content,blood,rumen epithelium,muscle,feed offered and refusals were collected for the subsequent analysis.Results Feeding BF changed the microbial community and rumen fermentation,particularly increasing(P<0.05)relative abundance of Prevotella and propionate production,and decreasing(P<0.05)enteric methane yield.The histomorphology(height,width,area and thickness)of rumen papillae and gene expression for carbohydrate trans-port(MCT1),tight junction(claudin-1,claudin-4),and cell proliferation(CDK4,Cyclin A2,Cyclin E1)were improved(P<0.05)in sheep fed BF.Additionally,serum metabolome was also dynamically changed,which led to up-regulating(P<0.05)the primary bile acid biosynthesis and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid in sheep fed BF.As a result,the higher(P<0.05)feed intake,digestibility,growth rate,feed efficiency,meat quality and mono-unsaturated fatty acid concentration in muscle,and the lower(P<0.05)feed cost per kg of live weight were achieved by feeding BF.Conclusions Feeding BF improved the growth performances and meat quality of sheep and reduced their feed cost.Therefore,bio-fermentation of rice straw could be an innovative way for improving ruminant production with mini-mizing production costs.
基金supported by the Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872519)General Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology(20230101247JC)the Open Research Fund of Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development,Ministry of Education.(KF202002).
文摘This study aimed to explore the protective effect and potential mechanism of Nostoc commune Vauch.polysaccharide(NCVP)on lead(Pb)-poisoning mice.NCVP improved Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity and inflammatory responses and modulated key indicators of antioxidant capacity.Moreover,the down-regulation of critical proteins of the Nrf2 pathway induced by Pb could be reversed after NCVP intervention.In addition,NCVP maintained the diversity of gut bacteriobiota and restored the relative abundance of f_Prevotellaceae,g_Alloprevotella,and f_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group reduced by Pb.Also,NCVP regulated the diversity and abundance of gut mycobiota affected by Pb.Specifically,Pb decreased the proportion of pathogenic species(g_Fusarium,p_Basidiomycota,g_Alternaria,g_Aspergillus,and g_Candida)while NCVP increased the abundance of probiotics species(g_Kazachstania and p_Ascomycota).Furthermore,the metabolomic analysis found that NCVP significantly altered a range of microbial metabolites,including porphobilinogen,cromakalim,salidroside,and trichostatin A,which has significant associations with specific gut bacteriobiota or mycobiota.These altered metabolites are involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis,metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450,lysine degradation,and other metabolic pathways.Overall,our findings indicate that NCVP might be an excellent natural product for eliminating Pb-induced hepatorenal toxicity,possibly by regulating gut bacteriome,mycobiome and metabolome.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32271891 and 32171798).
文摘Anoplophora glabripennis is one of the most devastating wood-boring beetles that attacks poplars.However,one poplar species,Populus deltoides,has strong resistance to Anoplophora glabripennis infestation,the underlying defense mechanisms against Anoplophora glabripennis are poorly understood.Secondary metabolites play a crucial role in plants to combat biological stress.Here,based on transcriptome and metabolome,we demonstrated that the mechanisms for responses to mechanical damage and insect infestation were different.The degree of reactions to adult groove production,larval incubation,and larval frass production was not identical.In addition,the potential genes with insect resistance activity were identified.Predominant differentially expressed genes(DEGs)found in the phloem of Populus deltoides include anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase5(PdUGT72E),peroxidase 73(PdPod73),peroxidase A2(PdPodA2)and macrophage migration inhibitory factor(PdMIF)responded to stress caused by Anoplophora glabripennis,which further resulted in activation of the plant defense system against insects via changes in regulation of metabolic pathways,such as tyrosine metabolism pathway,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.Therefore,this work has laid a foundation for further unraveling the mechanisms involved in this interaction.
基金funds by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS),China(Grant No.:2022-I2M-1e014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82293684)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.:L232084)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.:2022YFA0806400).
文摘Dynamic changes in gut dysbiosis and metabolomic dysregulation are associated with immune-complex glomerulonephritis(ICGN).However,an in-depth study on this topic is currently lacking.Herein,we report an ICGN model to address this gap.ICGN was induced via the intravenous injection of cationized bovine serum albumin(c-BSA)into Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats for two weeks,after which mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)and losartan were administered orally.Two and six weeks after ICGN establishment,fecal samples were collected and 16S ribosomal DNA(rDNA)sequencing and untargeted metabolomic were conducted.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)was conducted to determine whether gut normali-zation caused by MMF and losartan contributed to their renal protective effects.A gradual decline in microbial diversity and richness was accompanied by a loss of renal function.Approximately 18 genera were found to have significantly different relative abundances between the early and later stages,and Marvinbryantia and Allobaculum were markedly upregulated in both stages.Untargeted metabolomics indicated that the tryptophan metabolism was enhanced in ICGN,characterized by the overproduction of indole and kynurenic acid,while the serotonin pathway was reduced.Administration of losartan and MMF ameliorated microbial dysbiosis and reduced the accumulation of indoxyl conjugates in feces.FMT using feces from animals administered MMF and losartan improved gut dysbiosis by decreasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes(F/B)ratio but did not improve renal function.These findings indicate that ICGN induces serous gut dysbiosis,wherein an altered tryptophan metabolism may contribute to its pro-gression.MMF and losartan significantly reversed the gut microbial and metabolomic dysbiosis,which partially contributed to their renoprotective effects.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1300905)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960672)+3 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China(2021BEF02020)the Top Discipline Construction Project of Pratacultural Science(NXYLXK2017A01)the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province,China(20200201140JC)the Technology Cooperation High-Tech Industrialization Project of Jilin Province,China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences,(2022SYHZ0020).
文摘Lycium barbarum residue(LBR),a by-product of L.barbarum processing,is packed with bioactive components and can be potentially utilized as a feed additive in animal husbandry.However,the fundamental understanding of its effectiveness on livestock animals is still lacking,particularly in ruminants.To explore the effects of LBR on the growth performance,rumen fermentation parameters,ruminal microbes and metabolites of Tan sheep,sixteen fattening rams(aged 4 mon)were fed a basal diet(CON,n=8)or a basal diet supplemented with 5%LBR(LBR,n=8).The experiment lasted for 70 d,with 10 d adaptation period and 60 d treatment period.The results showed that the LBR enhanced the average daily feed intake,average daily gain(P<0.05),and ruminal total volatile fatty acids(P<0.01)while decreasing ammonia-nitrogen concentration and rumen pH value(P<0.05).Additionally,the LBR improved the relative abundances of Prevotella,Succiniclasticum,Ruminococcus,Coprococcus,Selenomonas,and Butyrivibrio(P<0.05)and reduced the relative abundances of Oscillospira and Succinivibrio(P<0.05).The LBR altered the ruminal metabolome(P<0.01)by increasing the abundances of ruminal metabolites involved in amino acids(e.g.,L-proline,L-phenylalanine,L-lysine,and L-tyrosine),pyrimidine metabolism(e.g.,uridine,uracil,and thymidine),and microbial protein synthesis(e.g.,xanthine and hypoxanthine).In conclusion,LBR had positive effects on the growth rate of Tan sheep as well as on rumen fermentation parameters,rumen microbiome and rumen metabolome.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32030099 and 32072670)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA28020301)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2023326)the Enterprise Cooperation Projects of China(Grant No.Am20210407RD).
文摘Biological nitrification inhibitors(BNIs)are released from plant roots and inhibit the nitrification activity of microorganisms in soils,reducing NO_(3)^(‒)leaching and N2O emissions,and increasing nitrogenuse efficiency(NUE).Several recent studies have focused on the identification of new BNIs,yet little is known about the genetic loci that govern their biosynthesis and secretion.We applied a combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis to investigate possible biosynthetic pathways and transporters involved in the biosynthesis and release of BNI 1,9-decanediol(1,9-D),which was previously identified in rice root exudates.Our results linked four fatty acids,icosapentaenoic acid,linoleate,norlinolenic acid,and polyhydroxy-α,ω-divarboxylic acid,with 1,9-D biosynthesis and three transporter families,namely the ATP-binding cassette protein family,the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family,and the major facilitator superfamily,with 1,9-D release from roots into the soil medium.Our finding provided candidates for further work on the genes implicated in the biosynthesis and secretion of 1,9-D and pinpoint genetic loci for crop breeding to improve NUE by enhancing 1,9-D secretion,with the potential to reduce NO_(3)^(‒)leaching and N2O emissions from agricultural soils.
基金Fundacao Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG [grant number APQ-02349-21])Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG [Productivity Researcher of the UEMG – PQ/UEMG]) for their financial support and fellowships
文摘The use of biochar can have several effects on plant germination,depending on raw material,preparation method and application dose.However,the molecular mechanisms that lead to those results have yet to be elucidated.The aim of this research was to improve the understanding of these mechanisms by characterizing the metabolic effects of sugarcane bagasse biochar on soybean germination.Three types of biochars were prepared by pyrolysis at 300℃(SCB300),400℃(SCB400)and 600℃(SCB600).Then,each one was mixed into sand at 1%,3%,5%(w/w)dose,respectively.The experiment was performed in 8 days of incubation,when the number of germinated seeds and the average radicle length were determined.To evaluate the metabolome,the dry biomass(DB)was subjected to extraction with a mixture of methanol-d4 and D2O(1:1 v/v).The extracts were submitted to metabolomics analysis by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.The Relative Germination,Relative Average Radicle Growth and Germination Index increased in all treatments compared to control.On the other hand,the DB increased in all treatments,except for SCB300,at doses of 1%and 3%w/w.Seven metabolites(alanine,asparagine,acetic acid,citric acid,glycerol,fatty acids and sucrose)were identified and quantified in DB extracts as the most influential finding for the separation of treatments.Taken together,these results strongly suggested that biochars accelerated the catabolism of triacylglycerols to sucrose and induced a slight osmotic stress.
基金funded by Natural Science Foundation of China(32072755)。
文摘Background The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in the health and productivity of dairy cows,yet studies on its fun ctionality and its impact on peripheral circulation in these animals are relatively scarce,particularly regarding dietary interventions.Therefore,our study undertook a comprehensive analysis,incorporating both metabolomics and transcriptomics,to explore the effects of a grain-based diet on the functionality of the hypothalamus,as well as on blood and milk in dairy cows.Results The hypothalamic metabolome analysis revealed a significant reduction in prostaglandin E_(2)(PGE_(2))level as a prominent response to the grain-based diet introduction.Furthermore,the hypothalamic transcriptome profiling showed a nota ble upregulation in amino acid metabolism due to the grain-based diet.Conversely,the grain-based diet led to the downregulation of genes involved in the metabolic pathway from lecithin to PGE_(2),including phospholipase A2(PLA2G4E,PLA2G2A,and PLA2G12B),cyclooxygenase-2(COX2),and prostaglandin E synthase(PTGES).Additionally,the plasma metabolome analysis indicated a substantial decrease in the level of PGE_(2),along with a decline in adrenal steroid hormones(tetrahydrocortisol and pregnenolone)following the grain-based diet introduction.Analysis of the milk metabolome showed that the grain-based diet significantly increased uric acid level while notably decreasing PGE_(2)level.Importantly,PGE_(2)was identified as a critical metabolic marker in the hypothalamus,blood,and milk in response to grain intervention.Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant correlation among metabolic alterations in the hypothalamus,blood,and milk following the grain-based diet.Conclusions Our findings suggest a potential link between hypothalamic changes and alterations in peripheral circulation resulting from the introduction of a grain-based diet.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81330011,No.81790631,and No.81790633the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81721091the National Basic Research Program of China(973 program),No.2013CB531401
文摘AIM To investigate changes in gut microbiota and metabolism during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) development in mice fed a methionine-choline-deficient(MCD) diet. METHODS Twenty-four male C57 BL/6 J mice were equally divided into four groups and fed a methionine-choline-sufficient diet for 2 wk(Control 2 w group,n = 6) or 4 wk(Control 4 w group,n = 6) or the MCD diet for 2 wk(MCD 2 w group,n = 6) or 4 wk(MCD 4 w group,n = 6). Liver injury,fibrosis,and intestinal barrier function were evaluated after 2 and 4 wk of feeding. The fecal microbiome and metabolome were studied using 16 s r RNA deep sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The mice fed the MCD diet presented with simple hepatic steatosis and slight intestinal barrier deterioration after 2 wk. After 4 wk of feeding with the MCD diet,however,the mice developed prominent NASH with liver fibrosis,and the intestinal barrier was more impaired. Compared with the control diet,the MCD diet induced gradual gut microbiota dysbiosis,as evidenced by a marked decrease in the abundance of Alistipes and the(Eubacterium) coprostanoligenes group(P < 0.001 and P < 0.05,respectively) and a significant increase in Ruminococcaceae UCG 014 abundance(P < 0.05) after 2 wk. At 4 wk,the MCD diet significantly reduced the promising probiotic Bifidobacterium levels and markedly promoted Bacteroides abundance(P < 0.05,and P < 0.01,respectively). The fecal metabolomic profile was also substantially altered by the MCD diet: At 2 wk,arachidic acid,hexadecane,palmitic acid,and tetracosane were selected as potential biomarkers that were significantly different in the corresponding control group,and at 4 wk,cholic acid,cholesterol,arachidic acid,tetracosane,and stearic acid were selected. CONCLUSION The MCD diet induced persistent alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolome.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32002195)Zhejiang Provincial Leading Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project(No.2020R01015)+1 种基金“Leading Geese”Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2022C02059)Key R&D Projects of Zhejiang Province(No.2021C02013)。
文摘Background Dietary bamboo leaf flavonoids(BLFs)are rarely used in poultry production,and it is unknown whether they influence meat texture profile,perceived color,or microstructure.Results A total of 720 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were supplemented with a basal diet with 20 mg bacitracin/kg,50 mg BLFs/kg,or 250 mg BLFs/kg or without additions.Data showed that the dietary BLFs significantly(P<0.05)changed growth performance and the texture profile.In particular,BLFs increased birds’average daily gain and average daily feed intake,decreased the feed:gain ratio and mortality rate,improved elasticity of breast meat,enhanced the gumminess of breast and leg meat,and decreased the hardness of breast meat.Moreover,a significant(P<0.05)increase in redness(a*)and chroma(c*)of breast meat and c*and water-holding capacity of leg meat was found in BLF-supplemented broilers compared with control broilers.In addition,BLFs supplementation significantly decreased(P<0.05)theβ-sheet ratio and serum malondialdehyde and increased theβ-turn ratio of protein secondary structure,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione peroxidase of breast meat and total antioxidant capacity and catalase of serum.Based on the analysis of untargeted metabolome,BLFs treatment considerably altered 14 metabolites of the breast meat,including flavonoids,amino acids,and organic acids,as well as phenolic and aromatic compounds.Conclusions Dietary BLFs supplementation could play a beneficial role in improving meat quality and sensory color in the poultry industry by changing protein secondary structures and modulating metabolites.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFD1000201)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-27)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31972359)the Agricultural Research and Industrialization Project of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2020JH2/10200028).
文摘Freezing injury in winter is an important abiotic stress that seriously affects plant growth and development.Deciduous fruit trees resist freezing injury by inducing dormancy.However,different cultivars of the same species have different cold resistance strategies.Little is known about the molecular mechanism of apple trees in response to freezing injury during winter dormancy.Therefore,in this study,1-year-old branches of the cold-resistant cultivar‘Hanfu’(HF)and the cold-sensitive cultivar‘Changfuji No.2’(CF)were used to explore their cold resistance through physiological,biochemical,transcriptomics,and metabolomics analyses.Combining physiological and biochemical data,we found that HF had a stronger osmotic regulation ability and antioxidant enzyme activity than CF,as well as stronger cold resistance.The functional enrichment analysis showed that both cultivars were significantly enriched in pathways related to signal transduction,hormone regulation,and sugar metabolism under freezing stress.In addition,the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)encoding galactinol synthase,raffinose synthase,and stachyose synthetase in raffinose family oligosaccharides(RFOs)metabolic pathways were upregulated in HF,and raffinose and stachyose were accumulated,while their contents in CF were lower.HF accumulated 4-aminobutyric acid,spermidine,and ascorbic acid to scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS).While the contents of oxidized glutathione,vitamin C,glutathione,and spermidine in CF decreased under freezing stress,consequently,the ability to scavenge ROS was low.Furthermore,the transcription factors apetala 2/ethylene responsive factor(AP2/ERF)and WRKY were strongly induced under freezing stress.In summary,the difference in key metabolic components of HF and CF under freezing stress is the major factor affecting their difference in cold resistance.The obtained results deepen our understanding of the cold resistance mechanism in apple trees in response to freezing injury during dormancy.
文摘Alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of liver diseases and liver-related death worldwide. The gut is a habitat for billions of microorganisms which promotes metabolism and digestion in their symbiotic relationship with the host. Alterations of gut microbiome by alcohol consumption are referred to bacterial overgrowth, release of bacteria-derived products, and/or changed microbiota equilibrium. Alcohol consumption also perturbs the function of gastrointestinal mucosa and elicits a pathophysiological condition. These adverse effects caused by alcohol may ultimately result in a broad change of gastrointestinal luminal metabolites such as bile acids, short chain fatty acids, and branched chain amino acids. Gut microbiota alterations, metabolic changes produced in a dysbiotic intestinal environment, and the host factors are all critical contributors to the development and progression of alcoholic liver disease. This review summarizes recent findings of how alcohol-induced alterations of gut microbiota and metabolome, and discusses the mecha-nistic link between gastrointestinal dyshomeostasis and alcoholic liver injury.
基金Supported by the Technology Project of Shanghai Pudong New District Health and Family Planning Commission,No.PW2019D-9.
文摘BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy(ICP)is the most common liver disease during pregnancy,and its exact etiology and course of progression are still poorly understood.AIM To investigate the link between the gut microbiota and serum metabolome in ICP patients.METHODS In this study,a total of 30 patients were recruited,including 15 patients with ICP(disease group)and 15 healthy pregnant patients(healthy group).The serum nontarget metabolomes from both groups were determined.Amplification of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region was performed using fecal samples from the disease and healthy groups.By comparing the differences in the microbiota and metabolite compositions between the two groups,the relationship between the gut microbiota and serum metabolites was also investigated.RESULTS The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis results showed that the primary bile acid biosynthesis,bile secretion and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathways were enriched in the ICP patients compared with the healthy controls.In addition,some pathways related to protein metabolism were also enriched in the ICP patients.The principal coordination analysis results showed that there was a distinct difference in the gut microbiota composition(beta diversity)between the ICP patients and healthy controls.At the phylum level,we observed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes was higher in the healthy group,while Bacteroidetes were enriched in the disease group.At the genus level,most of the bacteria depleted in ICP are able to produce short-chain fatty acids(e.g.,Faecalibacterium,Blautia and Eubacterium hallii),while the bacteria enriched in ICP are associated with bile acid metabolism(e.g.,Parabacteroides and Bilophila).Our results also showed that specific genera were associated with the serum metabolome.CONCLUSION Our study showed that the serum metabolome was altered in ICP patients compared to healthy controls,with significant differences in the bile,taurine and hypotaurine metabolite pathways.Alterations in the metabolization of these pathways may lead to disturbances in the gut microbiota,which may further affect the course of progression of ICP.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [No. 81773405 to Y.Q. and No. 82173644to X.Y.]Shanxi Natural Science Foundation of China [No.202203021211246 and No. 202103021224242]。
文摘Objective Arsenic(As) and fluoride(F) are two of the most common elements contaminating groundwater resources. A growing number of studies have found that As and F can cause neurotoxicity in infants and children, leading to cognitive, learning, and memory impairments. However, early biomarkers of learning and memory impairment induced by As and/or F remain unclear. In the present study, the mechanisms by which As and/or F cause learning memory impairment are explored at the multi-omics level(microbiome and metabolome).Methods We stablished an SD rats model exposed to arsenic and/or fluoride from intrauterine to adult period.Results Arsenic and/fluoride exposed groups showed reduced neurobehavioral performance and lesions in the hippocampal CA1 region. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that As and/or F exposure significantly altered the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome, featuring the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Ruminococcus_1, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group. Metabolome analysis showed that As and/or F-induced learning and memory impairment may be related to tryptophan, lipoic acid, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic(GABAergic) synapse, and arachidonic acid(AA) metabolism. The gut microbiota, metabolites, and learning memory indicators were significantly correlated.Conclusion Learning memory impairment triggered by As and/or F exposure may be mediated by different gut microbes and their associated metabolites.
基金supported by the Doctorate Fellowship Foundation of Nanjing Forestry University, China (163010550)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu High Education Institutions, China (PAPD)。
文摘We conducted an integrative system biology of metabolome and transcriptome profile analyses during pomegranate(Punica granatum L.) seed germination and utilized a weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA) to describe the functionality and complexity of the physiological and morphogenetic processes as well as gene expression and metabolic differences during seed germination stages. In total, 489 metabolites were detected, including 40 differentially accumulated metabolites. The transcriptomic analysis showed the expression of 6 984 genes changed significantly throughout the whole germination process. Using WGCNA, we identified modules related to the various seed germination stages and hub genes. In the initial imbibition stage(stage 1), the pivotal genes involved in RNA transduction and the glycolytic pathway were most active, while in the sprouting stage(stage 4), the pivotal genes were involved in multiple metabolic pathways. In terms of secondary metabolic pathways, we found flavonoid 4-reductase genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway are most significantly affected during pomegranate seed germination, while the flavonol synthase gene was mainly involved in the regulation of isoflavonoid biosynthesis.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32160715,31660576,31760583)the Joint Project of Basic Agricultural Research in Yunnan Province(Grant No.2018FG001-004)+3 种基金Yunnan Luxi County Vegetable Industry Science and Technology Mission project(Grant No.202204BI090006)the General Project of Yunnan Science and Technology Plan(Grant No.2016FB064)High-level Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Agricultural University(Grant No.KY2022-27)Research and Integrated Applications of Key Technology in Standardized Production of Facility Vegetables(Grant No.202102AE090005)。
文摘Tomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV)is an important virus that has rapidly spread throughout the world.TSWV seriously hinders the production of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)and other plants.In order to discover more new genes and metabolites related to TSWV resistance in tomato plants,the genes and metabolites related to the resistance of tomato plants inoculated with TSWV were identified and studied herein.The tomato TSWV-resistance line YNAU335(335)and TSWV-susceptible lines NO5 and 96172I(961)were used as the transcriptome and metabolome research materials.Transcriptomic and metabolomic techniques were used to analyze the gene and metabolite response mechanisms to TSWV inoculation.A total of 3566,2951,and 2674 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in lines 335,NO5,and961,respectively.Meanwhile,208,228,and 273 differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs)were identified in lines 335,NO5,and 961,respectively.In line 335,the number of DEGs was the highest,but the number of DAMs was lowest.Furthermore,903 DEGs and 94 DAMs were common to the response to TSWV in the three inbred lines.The 903 DEGs and 94 DAMs were mainly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction and flavonoid synthesis pathways.In addition,many nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat genes and transcription factors were found that might be involved in the TSWV response.These results provide new insights into TSWV resistance mechanisms.
文摘Neurodegenerative disorders are often associated with cellular dysfunction caused by underlying protein-misfolding signalling. Numerous neuropathologies are diagnosed at late stage symptomatic changes which occur in response to these molecular malfunctions and treatment is often too late or restricted only to the slowing of further cell death. Important new strategies to identify early biomarkers with predictive value to intervene with disease progression at stages where cell dysfunction has not progressed irreversibly is of paramount importance. Thus, the identification of these markers presents an essential opportunity to identify and target disease pathways. This review highlights some important metabolic alterations detected in neurodegeneration caused by misfolded prion protein and discusses common toxicity pathways identified across different neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, having established some commonalities between various degenerative conditions, detectable metabolic changes may be of extreme value as an early diagnostic biomarker in disease.
文摘Globally, the third cause of males cancer and the fourth cause of females cancer is colon cancer(CC). In Egypt, high CC percentage occurs in children and in individuals below 40 years of age. The complete loss of biological enzyme function is the main cause of CC and consequently CC increased in smoking and pollution exposure. The aim of this review is to focus on the application of metabolome as a physiological tool that can play an important role in preventing CC incidence by natural products and hormones. The dietary factors, intestinal micro-flora and endogenously produced metabolites are the main three causes that produce free radicals in the colon. A correlation occurs between the enzyme activity and CC polymorphisms or property. Nowadays metabolome is applied with the progress of different analytical methods, data bases and tools for cancer predication and stimulation especially in CC cases. Metabolism is defined as intracellular chemical reactions that produce chemical substances and energies sustaining life. Metabolic pathway networks are also composed of links that are defined as transformation of chemical structures between two metabolites and an enzyme reaction. The most important advantage of metabolome is its ability to analyze metabolites from any source, regardless of origin, where the application of liquid chromatography combined with mass spectra in metabolome analysis to a series of cancer cell lines that were progressively more tumorigenic due to the induction of 1,2,3 or 4 oncogenes to cell lines could be a metabolome example application. In conclusion, natural products and hormones are very important in preventing CC in humans and animal models where both natural products and hormones play a significant and important effect in regulating physiological process especially in CC cases. In this situation, metabolome must increase in its application in the future for the diagnosis of CC cases.
