Chitin is a widely used important industrial polymer mainly from shrimp shells, but its commercial preparation is under the great challenge of serious pollution due to the requirement of HCl and Na OH.Herein, we demon...Chitin is a widely used important industrial polymer mainly from shrimp shells, but its commercial preparation is under the great challenge of serious pollution due to the requirement of HCl and Na OH.Herein, we demonstrated that high purity chitin can be obtained from waste shrimp shells(WSSs) by cascade separation with transition metal salt aqueous solution and ionic liquid(IL). Firstly, calcium carbonate of WSSs was effectively removed in the metal salt aqueous solution driven by the ion exchange interaction. Subsequently, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([Bmim]Cl) had bifunctional abilities to remove residual protein and introduced metal salts simultaneously by hydrogen bonding and coordination interactions. The key experimental factors affecting the separation process were systematically studied, including the type of metal salts, temperature, and [Bmim]Cl loading. After sequential treatment with a 20%(mass) Ni SO4aqueous solution at 130 ℃ and [Bmim]Cl at 150 ℃, the purity of a-chitin can be up to 96.5%(mass) that meets commercial requirements. The use of metal salts with higher coordination ability makes the preparation of chitin no longer depend on the commonly acid-base reaction, which is conducive to the preservation of chitin structure.展开更多
The main purpose of this presented article was to explain the need to study the amount of heavy metal salts in the environment where animals live, in the water, in air, and in the food and fodder consumed. This articl...The main purpose of this presented article was to explain the need to study the amount of heavy metal salts in the environment where animals live, in the water, in air, and in the food and fodder consumed. This article presents materials from the literature on the effects of heavy metal salts on the body of animals and the environment in which they live. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but their effects on the digestive tract and morpho-functional properties of rabbits should be studied in depth. Therefore, we planned to focus our scientific work on this topic. The article mainly refers to salts of heavy metals cadmium, lead, and mercury (Cd, Pb, Hg). It is noted in the literature that heavy metal salts have a negative effect on the body of animals. We focused mainly on data on the effects of heavy metals on farm animals, including rabbits. But it is clear that the authors referred to were referring to experimental animals. These negative effects are manifested in the form of disorders of digestive functions, disorders of neurovegetative processes, increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease, rapid heart failure, deterioration of calcium metabolism, as well as impaired haemoglobin metabolism. Disorders of protein metabolism manifest themselves in the form of cases of hyperproteinaemia and dysproteinaemia. The results of the evaluation of the organism of healthy animals in chemically and radioactively contaminated areas showed the accumulation of significant levels of chemical elements in their organism. We mainly looked at the effects of heavy metal salts on farm animals. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but the effects on the activity of organ systems in the body (respiration, blood and blood circulation, digestion, reproduction, productivity and immunological systems) have not been comprehensively studied.展开更多
The nitrozation reaction of cyclohexane in one-step reaction to form ε-caprolactam has been studied using transition metal salt as catalysts in this work. The results indicated that the catalysts play an especially i...The nitrozation reaction of cyclohexane in one-step reaction to form ε-caprolactam has been studied using transition metal salt as catalysts in this work. The results indicated that the catalysts play an especially important role. This method is expected to be a novel way to synthesize other lactam by similar reaction. The possible mechanism was suggested.展开更多
N-pivot lariat ethers with picrylamino group as a chromophore (1, 2 and 3) have been prepared by reaction of N-(4-aminoaryl)monoaza crown ethers with picryl chrolide, and the selective coloration of 1, 2 and 3 for alk...N-pivot lariat ethers with picrylamino group as a chromophore (1, 2 and 3) have been prepared by reaction of N-(4-aminoaryl)monoaza crown ethers with picryl chrolide, and the selective coloration of 1, 2 and 3 for alkali metal salts and amines has been studied by UV-Vis spectra.展开更多
The effects of rare earth metal salts (REMs), cerium(IV) salt and lanthanum (III) salt, on the property of anodized coating of LD10 aluminum alloy are studied by corrosion tests including neutral salt spray test and c...The effects of rare earth metal salts (REMs), cerium(IV) salt and lanthanum (III) salt, on the property of anodized coating of LD10 aluminum alloy are studied by corrosion tests including neutral salt spray test and copper accelerated acetic acid immersion test, polarization curves measurement, energy dispersion analyzer of X-Ray(EDAX) analysis, and in situ ellipsometry. The results show that the addition of either of the two REMs in anodizing solution hardly changes the composition of an anodized coating, while increases the thickness of barrier part and reduces the porosity of porous part, which contributed to the improvement of the corrosion resistance of the anodized coating. The results also demonstrate that the effect of cerium salt was better than that of lanthanum salt.展开更多
Ultrasonically assisted nitration reactions (USANR) with anilides, moderately activated and non-activated aromatic compounds underwent smoothly and afforded good yields of products with high regio selectivity. Observe...Ultrasonically assisted nitration reactions (USANR) with anilides, moderately activated and non-activated aromatic compounds underwent smoothly and afforded good yields of products with high regio selectivity. Observed longer reaction times (6 - 8 hrs.) in metal catalyzed reactions reduced to (1 - 2 hrs.) under sonication. When ortho position is blocked para derivatives are obtained, and ortho nitro products are obtained when para position is blocked. In case of USANR of aromatic carbonyl and related compounds the effect of sonication is much more effective. The reactions could be completed only in few minutes.展开更多
Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)has been recognized as the bottleneck of overall water splitting,which is a promising approach for sustainable production of H_(2).Transition metal(TM)hydroxides are the ...Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)has been recognized as the bottleneck of overall water splitting,which is a promising approach for sustainable production of H_(2).Transition metal(TM)hydroxides are the most conventional and classical non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts for OER,while TM basic salts[M^(2+)(OH)_(2-x)(A_(m^(-))_(x/m),A=CO_(3)^(2−),NO_(3)^(−),F^(−),Cl^(−)]consisting of OH−and another anion have drawn extensive research interest due to its higher catalytic activity in the past decade.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of TM basic salts and their application in OER and further overall water splitting.We categorize TM basic salt-based OER pre-catalysts into four types(CO_(3)^(2−),NO_(3)^(−),F^(−),Cl^(−)according to the anion,which is a key factor for their outstanding performance towards OER.We highlight experimental and theoretical methods for understanding the structure evolution during OER and the effect of anion on catalytic performance.To develop bifunctional TM basic salts as catalyst for the practical electrolysis application,we also review the present strategies for enhancing its hydrogen evolution reaction activity and thereby improving its overall water splitting performance.Finally,we conclude this review with a summary and perspective about the remaining challenges and future opportunities of TM basic salts as catalysts for water electrolysis.展开更多
Graphitic carbons with reasonable pore volume and appropriate graphitization degree can provide efficient Li+/electrolyte-transfer channels and ameliorate the sluggish dynamic behavior of battery-type carbon negative ...Graphitic carbons with reasonable pore volume and appropriate graphitization degree can provide efficient Li+/electrolyte-transfer channels and ameliorate the sluggish dynamic behavior of battery-type carbon negative electrode in lithium-ion capacitors(LICs).In this work,onion-like graphitic carbon materials are obtained by using carbon quantum dots as precursors after sintering,and the effects of alkali metal salts on the structure,morphology and performance of the samples are focused.The results show that alkali metal salts as activator can etch graphitic carbons,and the specific surface area and pore size distribution are intimately related to the description of the alkali metal salt.Moreover,it also affects the graphitization degree of the materials.The porous graphitic carbons(SGCs)obtained by NaCl activation exhibit high specific surface area(77.14 m^(2)·g^(-1))and appropriate graphitization degree.It is expectable that the electrochemical performance for lithium-ions storage can be largely promoted by the smart combination of catalytic graphitization and pores-creating strategy.High-performance LICs(S-GCs//AC LICs)are achieved with high energy density of 92 Wh·kg^(-1)and superior rate capability(66.3 Wh·kg^(-1)at10 A·g^(-1))together with the power density as high as10020.2 W·kg^(-1).展开更多
A series of alkali metal salts doped pluronic block copolymer F127 were used as electron injection/transport layers (ETLs) for polymer light-emitting diodes with poly[2-(4-(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-phenyl)-p-phenylen...A series of alkali metal salts doped pluronic block copolymer F127 were used as electron injection/transport layers (ETLs) for polymer light-emitting diodes with poly[2-(4-(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-phenyl)-p-phenylenevinylene] (P-PPV) as the emission layer. It was found that the electron transport capability of F127 can be effectively enhanced by doping with alkali metal salts. By using Li2CO3 (15%) doped F127 as ETL, the resulting device exhibited improved performance with a maximum luminous efficiency (LE) of 13.59 cd/A and a maximum brightness of 5529 cd/m2, while the device with undoped F127 as ETL only showed a maximum LE of 8.78 cd/A and a maximum brightness of 2952 cd/m2. The effects of the doping concentration, cations and anions of the alkali metal salts on the performance of the resulting devices were investigated. It was found that most of the alkali metal salt dopants can dramatically enhance the electron transport capability of F127 ETL and the performance of the resulting devices was greatly improved.展开更多
In this paper are reported the characteristicsand nature of metal fog in molten cryolite-aluminamixtures on the basis of laboratory experiments andquantum chemistry studies.The metal fog is thefinely divided metal par...In this paper are reported the characteristicsand nature of metal fog in molten cryolite-aluminamixtures on the basis of laboratory experiments andquantum chemistry studies.The metal fog is thefinely divided metal particles in the molten salts,and it dissolves partly in the molten cryolite to formatomic clusters,such as（Al<sub>n</sub>Na<sub>m</sub>）<sup>x+</sup> type.展开更多
To improve watertightness and antibiosis of sewage structure concrete, the antimicrobial watertight admixture was made with fluosilicate salts and antimicrobial compounds. And fresh properties, watertightness, harmles...To improve watertightness and antibiosis of sewage structure concrete, the antimicrobial watertight admixture was made with fluosilicate salts and antimicrobial compounds. And fresh properties, watertightness, harmlessness and antibiosis of concrete were investigated experimentally. As a result, the fresh properties of concrete were similar to those of an ordinary concrete, without setting time delay. Compressive strength and carbonation resistance of concrete were better than those of an ordinary concrete. Finally it was confirmed that the antimicrobial watertight admixture of concrete had an antibiosis inhibiting SOB growth.展开更多
Lithium(Li) metal is an ideal anode material for rechargeable Li batteries, due to its high theoretical specific capacity(3860 mAh/g), low density(0.534 g/cm^3), and low negative electrochemical potential(-3.040 V vs....Lithium(Li) metal is an ideal anode material for rechargeable Li batteries, due to its high theoretical specific capacity(3860 mAh/g), low density(0.534 g/cm^3), and low negative electrochemical potential(-3.040 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode). In this work, the concentrated electrolytes with dual salts, composed of Li[N(SO_2F)_2](Li FSI) and Li[N(SO_2CF_3)_2](Li TFSI) were studied. In this dual-salt system, the capacity retention can even be maintained at 95.7%after 100 cycles in Li|Li FePO_4 cells. A Li|Li cell can be cycled at 0.5 mA/cm^2 for more than 600 h, and a Li|Cu cell can be cycled at 0.5 m A/cm^2 for more than 200 cycles with a high average Coulombi efficiency of 99%. These results show that the concentrated dual-salt electrolytes exhibit superior electrochemical performance and would be a promising candidate for application in rechargeable Li batteries.展开更多
Solutions of metals in molten salts present a rich phenomenology: localisatlon of electrons in disordered ionic media, activated electron transport increasing with metal concentration towards a nonmetal-metal (NM-M) t...Solutions of metals in molten salts present a rich phenomenology: localisatlon of electrons in disordered ionic media, activated electron transport increasing with metal concentration towards a nonmetal-metal (NM-M) transition, and liquid-liquid phase separation. A brief review of progress in the study of these systems is given in this article, with main focus on the NM-M transition. After recalling the known NM-M behaviour of the component elements in the case of expanded fluid alkali metals and mercury and of solid halogens under pressure, the article focuses on liquid metal-molten salt solutions and traces the different NM-M behaviours of the alkalis in their halides and of metals added to polyvalent metal halides.展开更多
A novel and environmentally friendly route to directly prepare metallic vanadium from Na VO_3 by molten salt electrolysis is proposed.The feasibility about the direct electro-reduction of NaVO_3 to metallic vanadium i...A novel and environmentally friendly route to directly prepare metallic vanadium from Na VO_3 by molten salt electrolysis is proposed.The feasibility about the direct electro-reduction of NaVO_3 to metallic vanadium is analyzed based on the thermodynamic calculations and experimental veri fications.The theoretical decomposition voltage of NaVO_3 to metallic vanadium is only 0.47 Vat 800°C and much lower than that of the alkali and alkali earth metal chloride salts.The value is slightly higher than that of low-valence vanadium oxides such as V_2O_3,V_3O_5 and VO.However,the low-valence vanadium oxides can be further electro-reduced to metallic vanadium thermodynamically.The thermodynamic analysis is veri fied by the experimental results.The direct preparation of metallic vanadium from NaVO_3 by molten salt electrolysis is feasible.展开更多
A series of 2\|nitro\|5,10,15,20\|tetra(4\|methoxyphenyl) porphyrinato metals were regioselectively synthesized with nitrate salts as nitrating reagent in acetic acid/acetic anhydride for preparation of 2\|substituted...A series of 2\|nitro\|5,10,15,20\|tetra(4\|methoxyphenyl) porphyrinato metals were regioselectively synthesized with nitrate salts as nitrating reagent in acetic acid/acetic anhydride for preparation of 2\|substituted porphyrin. The influence of nitrate salts and complex metal ion to the reaction were investigated. The extent of 2\|nitration increased with the electronegativity of the central metal. When Cu(NO 3 ) 2 · 3H 2O was used as nitrating reagent, almost quantitative yields of 2\|nitro porphyrin were obtained in the case of Cu(Ⅱ) or Ni(Ⅱ) chelates, while Zn(Ⅱ) or Mn(Ⅲ) chelates gave 50% and 30% yields respectively. If Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·10H 2 O was used as nitrating agent, no product was found for Cu(Ⅱ) or Ni(Ⅱ) chelates, 12% was found for Zn(Ⅱ) chelates. The other metal ion and nitrate salts were also found in quite different influence.展开更多
Catalytic properties of the metal-organic framework Cr-MIL-101 in solvent-free cycloaddition of CO2to epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates using tetrabutylammonium bromide as co-catalyst have been explored under mild...Catalytic properties of the metal-organic framework Cr-MIL-101 in solvent-free cycloaddition of CO2to epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates using tetrabutylammonium bromide as co-catalyst have been explored under mild reaction conditions (8 bar CO2, 25C). Styrene and propylene carbonates were formed with high yields (95% and 82%, respectively). Catalytic performance of Cr-MIL-101 was compared with other MOFs: Fe-MIL-101, Zn-MOF-5 and HKUST-1. The catalytic properties of different quaternary ammonium bromides, Cr-MIL-101 as well as PW 12 /Cr-MIL-101 composite material have been assessed in oxidative carboxylation of styrene in the presence of both tert-butyl hydroperoxide and H2O2 as oxidants at 8 100 bar CO2and 25 80C with selectivity to styrene carbonate up to 44% at 57% substrate conversion.展开更多
基金support of the Startup Foundation of China(3160011181808)the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(21878292,81673400)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(GJTD-2018-04).
文摘Chitin is a widely used important industrial polymer mainly from shrimp shells, but its commercial preparation is under the great challenge of serious pollution due to the requirement of HCl and Na OH.Herein, we demonstrated that high purity chitin can be obtained from waste shrimp shells(WSSs) by cascade separation with transition metal salt aqueous solution and ionic liquid(IL). Firstly, calcium carbonate of WSSs was effectively removed in the metal salt aqueous solution driven by the ion exchange interaction. Subsequently, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride([Bmim]Cl) had bifunctional abilities to remove residual protein and introduced metal salts simultaneously by hydrogen bonding and coordination interactions. The key experimental factors affecting the separation process were systematically studied, including the type of metal salts, temperature, and [Bmim]Cl loading. After sequential treatment with a 20%(mass) Ni SO4aqueous solution at 130 ℃ and [Bmim]Cl at 150 ℃, the purity of a-chitin can be up to 96.5%(mass) that meets commercial requirements. The use of metal salts with higher coordination ability makes the preparation of chitin no longer depend on the commonly acid-base reaction, which is conducive to the preservation of chitin structure.
文摘The main purpose of this presented article was to explain the need to study the amount of heavy metal salts in the environment where animals live, in the water, in air, and in the food and fodder consumed. This article presents materials from the literature on the effects of heavy metal salts on the body of animals and the environment in which they live. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but their effects on the digestive tract and morpho-functional properties of rabbits should be studied in depth. Therefore, we planned to focus our scientific work on this topic. The article mainly refers to salts of heavy metals cadmium, lead, and mercury (Cd, Pb, Hg). It is noted in the literature that heavy metal salts have a negative effect on the body of animals. We focused mainly on data on the effects of heavy metals on farm animals, including rabbits. But it is clear that the authors referred to were referring to experimental animals. These negative effects are manifested in the form of disorders of digestive functions, disorders of neurovegetative processes, increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease, rapid heart failure, deterioration of calcium metabolism, as well as impaired haemoglobin metabolism. Disorders of protein metabolism manifest themselves in the form of cases of hyperproteinaemia and dysproteinaemia. The results of the evaluation of the organism of healthy animals in chemically and radioactively contaminated areas showed the accumulation of significant levels of chemical elements in their organism. We mainly looked at the effects of heavy metal salts on farm animals. The cited analytical data showed that the general information on the negative effects of heavy metal salts on the body is sufficient, but the effects on the activity of organ systems in the body (respiration, blood and blood circulation, digestion, reproduction, productivity and immunological systems) have not been comprehensively studied.
基金The authors thank the financial support for this work by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20233040).
文摘The nitrozation reaction of cyclohexane in one-step reaction to form ε-caprolactam has been studied using transition metal salt as catalysts in this work. The results indicated that the catalysts play an especially important role. This method is expected to be a novel way to synthesize other lactam by similar reaction. The possible mechanism was suggested.
文摘N-pivot lariat ethers with picrylamino group as a chromophore (1, 2 and 3) have been prepared by reaction of N-(4-aminoaryl)monoaza crown ethers with picryl chrolide, and the selective coloration of 1, 2 and 3 for alkali metal salts and amines has been studied by UV-Vis spectra.
文摘The effects of rare earth metal salts (REMs), cerium(IV) salt and lanthanum (III) salt, on the property of anodized coating of LD10 aluminum alloy are studied by corrosion tests including neutral salt spray test and copper accelerated acetic acid immersion test, polarization curves measurement, energy dispersion analyzer of X-Ray(EDAX) analysis, and in situ ellipsometry. The results show that the addition of either of the two REMs in anodizing solution hardly changes the composition of an anodized coating, while increases the thickness of barrier part and reduces the porosity of porous part, which contributed to the improvement of the corrosion resistance of the anodized coating. The results also demonstrate that the effect of cerium salt was better than that of lanthanum salt.
文摘Ultrasonically assisted nitration reactions (USANR) with anilides, moderately activated and non-activated aromatic compounds underwent smoothly and afforded good yields of products with high regio selectivity. Observed longer reaction times (6 - 8 hrs.) in metal catalyzed reactions reduced to (1 - 2 hrs.) under sonication. When ortho position is blocked para derivatives are obtained, and ortho nitro products are obtained when para position is blocked. In case of USANR of aromatic carbonyl and related compounds the effect of sonication is much more effective. The reactions could be completed only in few minutes.
基金supported by the financial support from Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21871065,22209129 and 22071038)High-Level Innovation and Entrepreneurship(QCYRCXM-2022-123)+1 种基金support from the“Young Talent Support Plan”of Xi’an Jiaotong University(HG6J024)“Young Talent Lift Plan”of Xi’an city(095920221352).
文摘Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)has been recognized as the bottleneck of overall water splitting,which is a promising approach for sustainable production of H_(2).Transition metal(TM)hydroxides are the most conventional and classical non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts for OER,while TM basic salts[M^(2+)(OH)_(2-x)(A_(m^(-))_(x/m),A=CO_(3)^(2−),NO_(3)^(−),F^(−),Cl^(−)]consisting of OH−and another anion have drawn extensive research interest due to its higher catalytic activity in the past decade.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of TM basic salts and their application in OER and further overall water splitting.We categorize TM basic salt-based OER pre-catalysts into four types(CO_(3)^(2−),NO_(3)^(−),F^(−),Cl^(−)according to the anion,which is a key factor for their outstanding performance towards OER.We highlight experimental and theoretical methods for understanding the structure evolution during OER and the effect of anion on catalytic performance.To develop bifunctional TM basic salts as catalyst for the practical electrolysis application,we also review the present strategies for enhancing its hydrogen evolution reaction activity and thereby improving its overall water splitting performance.Finally,we conclude this review with a summary and perspective about the remaining challenges and future opportunities of TM basic salts as catalysts for water electrolysis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51804344)the Program of Huxiang Young Talents(No.2019RS2002)+1 种基金the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Hunan Province,China(No.2018GK5026)the Innovation-Driven Project of Central South University(No.2020CX027)。
文摘Graphitic carbons with reasonable pore volume and appropriate graphitization degree can provide efficient Li+/electrolyte-transfer channels and ameliorate the sluggish dynamic behavior of battery-type carbon negative electrode in lithium-ion capacitors(LICs).In this work,onion-like graphitic carbon materials are obtained by using carbon quantum dots as precursors after sintering,and the effects of alkali metal salts on the structure,morphology and performance of the samples are focused.The results show that alkali metal salts as activator can etch graphitic carbons,and the specific surface area and pore size distribution are intimately related to the description of the alkali metal salt.Moreover,it also affects the graphitization degree of the materials.The porous graphitic carbons(SGCs)obtained by NaCl activation exhibit high specific surface area(77.14 m^(2)·g^(-1))and appropriate graphitization degree.It is expectable that the electrochemical performance for lithium-ions storage can be largely promoted by the smart combination of catalytic graphitization and pores-creating strategy.High-performance LICs(S-GCs//AC LICs)are achieved with high energy density of 92 Wh·kg^(-1)and superior rate capability(66.3 Wh·kg^(-1)at10 A·g^(-1))together with the power density as high as10020.2 W·kg^(-1).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20971095)the Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(No.2010011014-4)the Foundation for Returned Overseas Scholars of Shanxi Province(No.2008-10)
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21125419, 50990065, 51010003, 51073058, and 20904011)National Research Project (2009CB623601 and 2009CB930604)
文摘A series of alkali metal salts doped pluronic block copolymer F127 were used as electron injection/transport layers (ETLs) for polymer light-emitting diodes with poly[2-(4-(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-phenyl)-p-phenylenevinylene] (P-PPV) as the emission layer. It was found that the electron transport capability of F127 can be effectively enhanced by doping with alkali metal salts. By using Li2CO3 (15%) doped F127 as ETL, the resulting device exhibited improved performance with a maximum luminous efficiency (LE) of 13.59 cd/A and a maximum brightness of 5529 cd/m2, while the device with undoped F127 as ETL only showed a maximum LE of 8.78 cd/A and a maximum brightness of 2952 cd/m2. The effects of the doping concentration, cations and anions of the alkali metal salts on the performance of the resulting devices were investigated. It was found that most of the alkali metal salt dopants can dramatically enhance the electron transport capability of F127 ETL and the performance of the resulting devices was greatly improved.
文摘In this paper are reported the characteristicsand nature of metal fog in molten cryolite-aluminamixtures on the basis of laboratory experiments andquantum chemistry studies.The metal fog is thefinely divided metal particles in the molten salts,and it dissolves partly in the molten cryolite to formatomic clusters,such as（Al<sub>n</sub>Na<sub>m</sub>）<sup>x+</sup> type.
基金Brain Korea 2th (BK21) funded by the Korean Government
文摘To improve watertightness and antibiosis of sewage structure concrete, the antimicrobial watertight admixture was made with fluosilicate salts and antimicrobial compounds. And fresh properties, watertightness, harmlessness and antibiosis of concrete were investigated experimentally. As a result, the fresh properties of concrete were similar to those of an ordinary concrete, without setting time delay. Compressive strength and carbonation resistance of concrete were better than those of an ordinary concrete. Finally it was confirmed that the antimicrobial watertight admixture of concrete had an antibiosis inhibiting SOB growth.
基金Project supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51222210,51472268,51421002,and 11234013)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA09010300)
文摘Lithium(Li) metal is an ideal anode material for rechargeable Li batteries, due to its high theoretical specific capacity(3860 mAh/g), low density(0.534 g/cm^3), and low negative electrochemical potential(-3.040 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode). In this work, the concentrated electrolytes with dual salts, composed of Li[N(SO_2F)_2](Li FSI) and Li[N(SO_2CF_3)_2](Li TFSI) were studied. In this dual-salt system, the capacity retention can even be maintained at 95.7%after 100 cycles in Li|Li FePO_4 cells. A Li|Li cell can be cycled at 0.5 mA/cm^2 for more than 600 h, and a Li|Cu cell can be cycled at 0.5 m A/cm^2 for more than 200 cycles with a high average Coulombi efficiency of 99%. These results show that the concentrated dual-salt electrolytes exhibit superior electrochemical performance and would be a promising candidate for application in rechargeable Li batteries.
基金We gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this work by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 21676226 and 21306158）, the Collaborative Innovation Center of New Chemical Technologies for Environmental Benignity and Efficient Resource Utilization, and the Project of Technological Innovation ＆ Entrepreneurship Platform for Hunan Youth （2014）.
文摘有高度阴电的阳离子的金属盐被用来有效地在没有溶剂的条件下面由没有 <sub>2</sub> 催化苯的液体阶段硝代到硝基苯。几盐包括 FeCl <sub>3</sub>, ZrCl <sub>4</sub>, AlCl <sub>3</sub>, CuCl <sub>2</sub>, NiCl <sub>2</sub>, ZnCl <sub>2</sub>, MnCl <sub>2</sub>, Fe (没有 <sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>9H<sub>2</sub > O ，双性人(没有 <sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>5H<sub>2</sub > O ， Zr (没有 <sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>5H<sub>2</sub > O ， Cu (没有 <sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>6H<sub>2</sub > O ， Ni (没有 <sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>6H<sub>2</sub > O ， Zn (没有 <sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>6H<sub>2</sub > O ， Fe <sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>,和 CuSO <sub>4</sub>是 examin 到硝基苯的苯变换和选择两个都是超过 99% 。另外，金属 counterion 和在盐的水水合物的存在影响催化活动，这被决定。这个方法简单、有效并且可以有潜在的工业申请前景。
文摘Solutions of metals in molten salts present a rich phenomenology: localisatlon of electrons in disordered ionic media, activated electron transport increasing with metal concentration towards a nonmetal-metal (NM-M) transition, and liquid-liquid phase separation. A brief review of progress in the study of these systems is given in this article, with main focus on the NM-M transition. After recalling the known NM-M behaviour of the component elements in the case of expanded fluid alkali metals and mercury and of solid halogens under pressure, the article focuses on liquid metal-molten salt solutions and traces the different NM-M behaviours of the alkalis in their halides and of metals added to polyvalent metal halides.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB632606)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51474200)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion AssociationCAS(2015036)
文摘A novel and environmentally friendly route to directly prepare metallic vanadium from Na VO_3 by molten salt electrolysis is proposed.The feasibility about the direct electro-reduction of NaVO_3 to metallic vanadium is analyzed based on the thermodynamic calculations and experimental veri fications.The theoretical decomposition voltage of NaVO_3 to metallic vanadium is only 0.47 Vat 800°C and much lower than that of the alkali and alkali earth metal chloride salts.The value is slightly higher than that of low-valence vanadium oxides such as V_2O_3,V_3O_5 and VO.However,the low-valence vanadium oxides can be further electro-reduced to metallic vanadium thermodynamically.The thermodynamic analysis is veri fied by the experimental results.The direct preparation of metallic vanadium from NaVO_3 by molten salt electrolysis is feasible.
文摘A series of 2\|nitro\|5,10,15,20\|tetra(4\|methoxyphenyl) porphyrinato metals were regioselectively synthesized with nitrate salts as nitrating reagent in acetic acid/acetic anhydride for preparation of 2\|substituted porphyrin. The influence of nitrate salts and complex metal ion to the reaction were investigated. The extent of 2\|nitration increased with the electronegativity of the central metal. When Cu(NO 3 ) 2 · 3H 2O was used as nitrating reagent, almost quantitative yields of 2\|nitro porphyrin were obtained in the case of Cu(Ⅱ) or Ni(Ⅱ) chelates, while Zn(Ⅱ) or Mn(Ⅲ) chelates gave 50% and 30% yields respectively. If Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·10H 2 O was used as nitrating agent, no product was found for Cu(Ⅱ) or Ni(Ⅱ) chelates, 12% was found for Zn(Ⅱ) chelates. The other metal ion and nitrate salts were also found in quite different influence.
基金the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(RFBR grant12-03-31537)
文摘Catalytic properties of the metal-organic framework Cr-MIL-101 in solvent-free cycloaddition of CO2to epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates using tetrabutylammonium bromide as co-catalyst have been explored under mild reaction conditions (8 bar CO2, 25C). Styrene and propylene carbonates were formed with high yields (95% and 82%, respectively). Catalytic performance of Cr-MIL-101 was compared with other MOFs: Fe-MIL-101, Zn-MOF-5 and HKUST-1. The catalytic properties of different quaternary ammonium bromides, Cr-MIL-101 as well as PW 12 /Cr-MIL-101 composite material have been assessed in oxidative carboxylation of styrene in the presence of both tert-butyl hydroperoxide and H2O2 as oxidants at 8 100 bar CO2and 25 80C with selectivity to styrene carbonate up to 44% at 57% substrate conversion.
