With wide application of electric vehicles and large-scale in energy storage systems, the requirement ofsecondary batteries with higher power density and better safety gets urgent. Owing to the merits of hightheoretic...With wide application of electric vehicles and large-scale in energy storage systems, the requirement ofsecondary batteries with higher power density and better safety gets urgent. Owing to the merits of hightheoretical capacity, relatively low cost and suitable discharge voltage, much attention has been paid tothe transition metal sulfides. Recently, a large amount of research papers have reported about the appli-cation of transition metal sulfides in lithium ion batteries. However, the practical application of transitionmetal sulfides is still impeded by their fast capacity fading and poor rate performance. More well-focusedresearches should be operated towards the commercialization of transition metal sulfides in lithium ionbatteries. In this review, recent development of using transition metal sulfides such as copper sulfides,molybdenum sulfides, cobalt sulfides, and iron sulfides as electrode materials for lithium ion batteriesis presented. In addition, the electrochemical reaction mechanisms and synthetic strategy of transitionmetal sulfides are briefly summarized. The critical issues, challenges, and perspectives providing a fur-ther understanding of the associated electrochemical processes are also discussed.展开更多
Two anode catalysts with Pt, MoS2 and composite metal sulfides (MoS2+NiS), are investigated for electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) at temperatures 750-850℃. The catalysts co...Two anode catalysts with Pt, MoS2 and composite metal sulfides (MoS2+NiS), are investigated for electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) at temperatures 750-850℃. The catalysts comprising MoS2 and MoSa+NiS exhibited good electrical conductivity and catalytic activity. MoS2 and composite catalysts were found to be more active than Pt, a widely used catalyst for high temperature H2S/O2 fuel cell at 750-850℃. However, MoS2 itself sublimes above 450℃. In contrast, composite catalysts containing both Mo and transition metal (Ni) are shown to be stable and effective in promoting the oxidation of H2S in SOFC up to 850℃. However, electric contact is poor between the platinum current collecting layer and the composite metal sulfide layer, so that the cell performance becomes worse. This problem is overcome by adding conductive Ag powder into the anode layer (forming MoS2+NiS+Ag anode material) to increase anode electrical conductance instead of applying a thin layer of platinum on the top of anode.展开更多
Selective CO_(2)-to-CO photoreduction is under intensive research and requires photocatalysts with tuned microstructures to accelerate the reaction kinetics.Here,we report CuInS_(2)nanosheet arrays with sulfur vacanci...Selective CO_(2)-to-CO photoreduction is under intensive research and requires photocatalysts with tuned microstructures to accelerate the reaction kinetics.Here,we report CuInS_(2)nanosheet arrays with sulfur vacancies(VS)grown on the two-dimensional(2D)support of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene for CO_(2)-to-CO photoreduction.Our results reveal that the use of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)induces strong support effect,which causes the hierarchical nanosheet arrays growth of CuInS_(2)and simultaneously leads to charge transfer from CuInS_(2)to Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)support,resulting in VSformed in CuInS_(2).The strong support effect based on Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)is proven to be applicable to prepare a series of different metal indium sulfide arrays with VS.CuInS_(2)nanosheet arrays with VSsupported on Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)benefit the photocatalytic selective reduction of CO_(2)to CO,manifesting a remarkable over 14.8-fold activity enhancement compared with pure CuInS_(2).The experimental and computational investigations pinpoint that VSof CuInS_(2)resulting from the support effect of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)lowers the barrier of the rate-limiting step of^(*)COOH→^(*)OH+^(*)CO,which is the key to the photoactivity enhancement.This work demonstrates MXene support effects and offers an effective approach to regulate the atomic microstructure of metal sulfides toward enhancing photocatalytic performance.展开更多
Vacancy engineering in metal sulfides has garnered enormous attention from researchers because of their outstanding ability to modulate the optical and physiochemical properties of photocatalysts.Typically,in the case...Vacancy engineering in metal sulfides has garnered enormous attention from researchers because of their outstanding ability to modulate the optical and physiochemical properties of photocatalysts.Typically,in the case of sulfides,the catalytic activity is drastically hindered by the quick reassembly of excitons and the photocorrosion effect.Hence designing and generating S-vacancies in metal sulfides has emerged as a potential strategy for attaining adequate water splitting to generate H_(2) and O_(2) because of the simulta-neous improvement in the optoelectronic features.However,developing efficient catalysts that manifest optimal photo(electro)catalytic performance for large-scale applicability remains challenging.Therefore,it is of utmost interest to explore the insightful features of creating S-vacancy and study their impact on catalytic performance.This review article aims to comprehensively highlight the roles of S-vacancy in sulfides for amended overall water-splitting activity.The photocatalytic features of S-vacancies modulated metal sulfides are deliberated,followed by various advanced synthetic and characterization techniques for effectual generation and identification of vacancy defects.The specific aspects of S-vacancies in refin-ing the optical absorption range charge carrier dynamics,and photoinduced surface chemical reactions are critically examined for overall water splitting applications.Finally,the vouchsafing outlooks and op-portunities confronting the defect-engineered(S-vacancy)metal sulfides-based photocatalysts have been summarized.展开更多
With the rapid consumption of fossil fuels and the resulting environmental problems,researchers are working to find sustainable alternative energy and energy storage and conversion methods.Transition metal sulfur comp...With the rapid consumption of fossil fuels and the resulting environmental problems,researchers are working to find sustainable alternative energy and energy storage and conversion methods.Transition metal sulfur compounds have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent electrical conductivity,low cost,adjustable components and good electrocatalytic performance.As an alternative to noble metal catalysts,they have emerged as a promising electrocatalyst.However,their low catalytic activity and poor stability limit their large-scale practical applications.Rare earth elements,known as industrial vitamins,are widely used in various fields due to their special redox properties,oxygen affinity and electronic structure.Therefore,the construction of rare earth promoted transition metal sulfides is of far-reaching significance for the development of catalysts.Here,we review the applications of various rare earth promoted transition metal sulfides in energy storage and conversion in recent years,which focuses on three ways in rare earth promoted transition metal sulfide,including doping,interfacial modification engineering and structural facilitation.As well,these materials are used in electrochemical reactions such as OER,HER,ORR,CO_(2)RR,and so on,in order to explore the important role of rare earth in the field of electrocatalysis,the future challenges and opportunities.展开更多
Seeking and developing efficient CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)electrocatalysts is a hot topic in this era of global warming.Among material candidates for sustainable and cost-effective applications,metal sulfides...Seeking and developing efficient CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)electrocatalysts is a hot topic in this era of global warming.Among material candidates for sustainable and cost-effective applications,metal sulfides have attracted attention as promising nature-inspired materials due to multiple adsorption sites which are enhanced by the covalent character of sulfur.This article summarizes the current status regarding the utilization and development of metal sulfide materials as CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts.First,the research background and basic principles of electrochemical CO_(2)RR are introduced.Next,an overview of the main obstacles to developing efficient CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts is presented.The section is followed by a summary of the empirical evidence supporting the application of metal sulfides as CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts beside nature-inspired motivation.The summary of synthesis methods of various metal sulfides is also presented.Furthermore,the paper also highlights the recent works on metal sulfide as efficient CO_(2)RR including the undertaking strategy on the activity enhancement,and finally,discusses the challenges and prospect of metal sulfides-based CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts.Despite recent efforts,metal sulfides remain relatively unexplored as materials for CO_(2)RR electrocatalytic applications.Therefore,this review aims to stimulate novel ideas and research for improved catalyst designs and functionality.展开更多
The increasingly severe electromagnetic microwave pollution raises higher requirements for the development of efficient microwave absorption(MA)materials.Metal sulfides are regarded as potential robust MA materials be...The increasingly severe electromagnetic microwave pollution raises higher requirements for the development of efficient microwave absorption(MA)materials.Metal sulfides are regarded as potential robust MA materials because of their unique optical,thermal,electrical,and magnetic properties,as well as the controllable microstructures.However,due to the limited MA performances of unary metal sulfides,morphology regulations and foreign materials hybridizations are adopted as effective strategies to improve their MA performances.Recent years witnessed the fast research progresses on the metal sulfides based MA materials and thus,a systematic literature survey on the materials design,fabrication,characterizations,MA behaviors,and the mechanisms behind is,highly desirable to summarize the rapid progress of this hot research area so as to provide guidance for the future development trend.This review firstly reviewed the research background,research progress,and basic principles of MA materials.Subsequently,the present synthetic methods and performance improvement strategies of metal sulfides based MA materials are systematically introduced.Then,by comparing the MA properties of one-dimensional,two-dimensional,and three-dimensional metal sulfides based composites,the influence of dimensionality and morphology on the MA properties are analyzed.By summarizing the research process of metal sulfides/dielectrics composites,metal sulfides/magnets composites,and metal sulfides/dielectrics/magnets composites MA materials,the influence of foreign materials hybridizations on the loss mechanisms and impedance matching conditions of metal sulfides based composites are revealed.Finally,the challenges and development prospects of metal sulfides based MA materials are presented.This review would provide a comprehensive understanding and insightful guidance for the exploration and development of efficient MA materials with thin thickness,light weight,wide absorption bandwidth,and strong absorption intensity.展开更多
Sodium-ion battery(SIB),one of most promising battery technologies,offers an alternative low-cost solution for scalable energy storage.Developing advanced electrode materials with superior electrochemical performance ...Sodium-ion battery(SIB),one of most promising battery technologies,offers an alternative low-cost solution for scalable energy storage.Developing advanced electrode materials with superior electrochemical performance is of great significance for SIBs.Transition metal sulfides that emerge as promising anode materials have advantageous features particularly for electrochemical redox reaction,including high theoretical capacity,good cycling stability,easily-controlled structure and modifiable chemical composition.In this review,recent progress of transition metal sulfides based materials for SIBs is summarized by discussing the materials properties,advanced design strategies,electrochemical reaction mechanism and their applications in sodium-ion full batteries.Moreover,we propose several promising strategies to overcome the challenges of transition metal sulfides for SIBs,paving the way to explore and construct advanced electrode materials for SIBs and other energy storage devices.展开更多
Globally,millions of people die of microbial infection-related diseases every year.The more terrible situation is that due to the overuse of antibiotics,especially in developing countries,people are struggling to figh...Globally,millions of people die of microbial infection-related diseases every year.The more terrible situation is that due to the overuse of antibiotics,especially in developing countries,people are struggling to fight with the bacteria variation.The emergence of super-bacteria will be an intractable environmental and health hazard in the future unless novel bactericidal weapons are mounted.Consequently,it is critical to develop viable antibacterial approaches to sustain the prosperous development of human society.Recent researches indicate that transition metal sulfides(TMSs)represent prominent bactericidal application potential owing to the meritorious antibacterial performance,acceptable biocompatibility,high solar energy utilization efficiency,and excellent photo-to-thermal conversion characteristics,and thus,a comprehensive review on the recent advances in this area would be beneficial for the future development.In this review article,we start with the antibacterial mechanisms of TMSs to provide a preliminary understanding.Thereafter,the state-of-the-art research progresses on the strategies for TMSs materials engineering so as to promote their antibacterial properties are systematically surveyed and summarized,followed by a summary of the practical application scenarios of TMSs-based antibacterial platforms.Finally,based on the thorough survey and analysis,we emphasize the challenges and future development trends in this area.展开更多
The recovery of heterogeneous catalysts can save costs and avoid secondary pollution,but its separation efficiency and recovery cost are limited by conventional separation methods such as precipitation–flocculation,c...The recovery of heterogeneous catalysts can save costs and avoid secondary pollution,but its separation efficiency and recovery cost are limited by conventional separation methods such as precipitation–flocculation,centrifugation and filtration.In this paper,we found that surface-defective metal sulfides/oxides(WS2,CuS,ZnS,MoS2,CdS,TiO2,MoO2 and ZnO)commonly used in advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)could be magnetically recovered at room temperature and atmospheric pressure by mechanically mixing with Fe3O4.Zeta potential,Raman,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and electro-spin resonance(ESR)spectra were measured to explore the mechanism of the magnetic separation phenomenon.The exposed active metal sites on the surface of defective metal sulfides/oxides are beneficial for the formation of chemical bonds,which are combined with electrostatic force to be responsible for the magnetic separation.Moreover,other factors affecting the magnetic separation were also investigated,such as the addition of amount of Fe3O4,different solvents and particle sizes.Finally,WS2 was chosen to be applied as a co-catalyst in Fenton reaction,which could be well separated by the magnetic Fe3O4 to achieve the recycle of catalyst in Fenton reaction.Our research provides a general strategy for the recycle of metal sulfides/oxides in the catalytic applications.展开更多
Large quantities of metal sulfides are widely distributed in uranium ores from the Middle Jurassic Zhiluo Formation of the Shuanglong uranium deposit,southern Ordos Basin,providing a convenient condition to study the ...Large quantities of metal sulfides are widely distributed in uranium ores from the Middle Jurassic Zhiluo Formation of the Shuanglong uranium deposit,southern Ordos Basin,providing a convenient condition to study the relationship between metal sulfides and uranium minerals.The morphology and composition of uranium minerals and metal sulfides are illustrated to study uranium mineralization and mechanisms of metallogenesis.Uranium minerals can be broadly categorized as pitchblende,coffinite and brannerite.Metal sulfides associated with uranium minerals are pyrite,sphalerite,chalcopyrite and galena.Some assemblages of various metal sulfides and uranium minerals indicate that they are coeval,but the order of formation is different.Based on mineralogical observations,paragenetic sequences for mineral assemblages are discussed.Alteration of Fe-Ti oxides forms Ti oxides,brannerite and pyrite.The formation of chalcopyrite was later than that of pyrite.Clausthalite(Pb Se)replaces sphalerite or shows isomorphism with galena.There are three genetic types of galena,of which typeⅠis related to tectonic thermal events and can interact with uranyl ions to form uranium oxides and Pb;.When sulfur activity is relatively high,Pb;can form new anhedral galena,that is,typeⅡ.TypeⅢof galena is related to the decay of uranium minerals.The genetic order of the main minerals was determined as follows:Fe-Ti oxides>Ti oxides/sphalerite/pyrite>clausthalite/galenaⅠ/chalcopyrite>galenaⅡ/uranium minerals>galenaⅢduring the diagenetic stage.Hydrogen sulfide(H;S)is a decisive factor in the interaction between metal sulfides and uranium.Metal ions can react with H;S,accompanied by precipitation and enrichment of uranium minerals.展开更多
Spin regulation of active sites is sparking much interest in boosting oxygen electrocatalytic performance.However,in amorphous electrocatalysts,the design principle of spin regulation to promote catalytic activity rem...Spin regulation of active sites is sparking much interest in boosting oxygen electrocatalytic performance.However,in amorphous electrocatalysts,the design principle of spin regulation to promote catalytic activity remains unclear.Herein,we synthesized a series of heteroatom-doped amorphous transition metal sulfides with regulated spin states using a one-step hydrothermal process.Especially in Modoped CoS,the spin state of Co^(2+)was successfully modulated to the low-spin state,which could optimize the adsorption free energy of various intermediates,improving the oxygen reduction reaction kinetics.The fabricated Zn-air batteries(ZABs)delivered good cycle stability(over 100 h).The large ZAB(100 cm^(2))exhibited a high discharge voltage(1.25 V under 0.5 A)and a superior overall mass-energy density(93 W h kg^(−1)),which illuminated a 2.5-m light-emitting-diode ribbon for over seven days.This work provides new insight into the mechanism of engineering spin states in amorphous materials for oxygen electrocatalysis.展开更多
In search of effective and stable bifunctional electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic water splitting is still a major challenge for the highly efficient H_(2) production.Here,we reported a facile strategy to design hig...In search of effective and stable bifunctional electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic water splitting is still a major challenge for the highly efficient H_(2) production.Here,we reported a facile strategy to design high-indexed Cu_(3)Pd_(13)_S_(7) nanoparticles(NPs)in situ synthesized on the three-dimensional(3D)carbon nanofibers(CNFs)by combining electrospinning and chemical vapor deposition(CVD)technology.The high-index facets with abundant active sites,the 3D architecture CNFs with high specific surface area and synergistic effect of Cu-Pd-S bonds with strong electron couplings together promote the elec-trocatalytic performance.The Cu_(3)Pd_(13)_S_(7)/CNFs shows excellent electrocatalytic activity with low overpotentials of 52 mV(10 mA cm^(−2))for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and 240 mV(10 mA cm^(−2))for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).The excellent protection of Cu_(3)Pd_(13)_S_(7) by CNFs from aggregation and electrolyte corrosion lead to the high stability of Cu_(3)Pd_(13)_S_(7)/CNFs under acidic and alkaline conditions.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are considered as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems with high energy density and reliable performance.However,the commercial applications of ...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are considered as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems with high energy density and reliable performance.However,the commercial applications of lithium-sulfur batteries is hindered by several shortcomings like the poor conductivity of sulfur and its reaction products,and the loss of active materials owing to the diffusion of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)into the electrolyte.Hence,the effective restraining of the LiPSs and the promotion of the sluggish conversion are highly demanded to fulfill the potential of lithium-sulfur batteries.Here,we summarize the applications of transition-metal sulfides(TMSs)in the cathodes over recent years and demonstrate the unique advantages they possess to realize reliable long-life lithium-sulfur batteries.展开更多
Electrical and magnetic properties are two crucial factors for the designing of broadband electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)materials.In this work,we synthesized various magnetic metal sulfides/carbon(M_(x)S_(y)/C)n...Electrical and magnetic properties are two crucial factors for the designing of broadband electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)materials.In this work,we synthesized various magnetic metal sulfides/carbon(M_(x)S_(y)/C)nanocomposites from the precursor complex of metal in microporous polythiophene(MPT),and systematically investigated their EWA properties and mechanism.The characterization results indicate that M_(x)S_(y) were determined to be Fe_(7)S_(8)/C,Co_(9)S_(8)/C and Ni_(4)S_(3)/C,respectively.It is observed that M_(x)S_(y)/C nanocomposites exhibit remarkable EWA performances,where the maximal absorption gets to-51.3 dB,and efficient absorption can be realized in 10.32-18 GHz(7.68 GHz),which is superior to most reported magnetic carbonaceous EWA composites.Beside,the efficient absorption can be tuned to cover Ku band X band,demonstrating their great potential in practical applications.Improved conductance loss,obvious polarization relaxation,and apparent eddy current loss are deemed to make the predominant contributions to the high-performance EWA.This research opens up the exploration of novel nanocomposite coupling dielectric loss and magnetic loss using MPT-metal complex precursor for EWA applications.展开更多
Precisely refining the electronic structure of electrocatalysts represents a powerful approach to further optimize the electrocatalytic performance.Herein,we demonstrate an ingenious d-d orbital hybridization concept ...Precisely refining the electronic structure of electrocatalysts represents a powerful approach to further optimize the electrocatalytic performance.Herein,we demonstrate an ingenious d-d orbital hybridization concept to construct Mo-doped Co_(9)S_(8) nanorod arrays aligned on carbon cloth(CC)substrate(abbreviated as Mo-Co_(9)S_(8)@CC hereafter)as a high-efficiency bifunctional electrocatalyst toward water electrolysis.It has experimentally and theoretically validated that the 4d-3d orbital coupling between Mo dopant and Co site can effectively optimize the H_(2)O activation energy and lower H^(*)adsorption energy barrier,thereby leading to enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activities.Thanks to the unique electronic and geometrical advantages,the optimized Mo-Co_(9)S_(8)@CC with appropriate Mo content exhibits outstanding bifunctional performance in alkaline solution,with the overpotentials of 75 and 234 mV for the delivery of a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),small Tafel slopes of 53.8 and 39.9 mV dec~(-1)and long-term stabilities for at least 32 and 30 h for HER and OER,respectively.More impressively,a water splitting electrolylzer assembled by the self-supported Mo-Co_(9)S_(8)@CC electrode requires a low cell voltage of 1.53 V at 10 mA cm^(-2)and shows excellent stability and splendid reversibility,demonstrating a huge potential for affordable and scalable electrochemical H_(2) production.The innovational orbital hybridization strategy for electronic regulation herein provides an inspirable avenue for developing progressive electrocatalysts toward new energy systems.展开更多
The development of highly efficient sodium-ion batteries depends critically on the successful exploitation of advanced anode hosts that is capable of overcoming sluggish reaction kinetics while also withstanding sever...The development of highly efficient sodium-ion batteries depends critically on the successful exploitation of advanced anode hosts that is capable of overcoming sluggish reaction kinetics while also withstanding severe structural deformation triggered by the large radius of Na^(+)-insertion.Herein,a hierarchically hybrid material with hetero-Co_(3)S_(4)/NiS hollow nanosphere packaged into a densified N-doped carbonmatrix(Co_(3)S_(4)/NiS@N-C)was designed and fabricated utilizing CoNi-glycerate as the self-sacrifice template,making the utmost of the synergistic effect of hetero-Co_(3)S_(4)/NiS with strong electric field and rich reaction active-sites together with the densified outer-carbon scaffolds with remarkable electronic conductivity and robust mechanical toughness.As anticipated,as-fabricated Co_(3)S_(4)/NiS@N-C anode affords remarkable specific capacity,prolonged cycle lifespan up to 2400 cycles with an only 0.05%fading each cycle at 20.0 A g^(−1),and excellent rate feature(354.9 mAh g^(−1)at 30.0 A g^(−1)),one of the best performances for most existing Co_(3)S_(4)/NiS-based anodes.Ex situ structural characterizations in tandem with theoretical analysis demonstrate the reversible insertion-conversion mechanism of initially proceeding with Na^(+)de-/intercalation and superior heterogeneous interfacial reaction behavior with strong Na^(+)-adsorption ability.Further,sodium-ion full cell and hybrid capacitor based on Co_(3)S_(4)/NiS@N-C anode exhibit impressive electrochemical characteristics on cycling performance and rate capability,showcasing its outstanding feasibility toward practical use.展开更多
Extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） produced by acidophilic bioleaching microorganisms play an important role in the production of acid mine drainage and metal sulfide bioleaching. EPS mediate the contact betwe...Extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） produced by acidophilic bioleaching microorganisms play an important role in the production of acid mine drainage and metal sulfide bioleaching. EPS mediate the contact between microbial cells and growth substrates, having a pivotal role in organic film formation and bacterium-substratum interactions. The production and chemical composition of EPS produced by seven bioleaching strains grown with different substrates were studied. Analysis of the EPS extracted from these strains indicated that the EPS consisted of carbohydrates, proteins and galacturonic acid. The contents of EPS, carbohydrates, proteins and galacturonic acid of EPS were largely related to the kind of strain used and culture condition. The results show that EPS productions of microbes grown with pyrite were significantly higher than those of microbes grown with sulfur or FeSO4·7H2O. The highest EPS production of the seven acidiphilic strains was （159.43±3.93） mg/g, which was produced by Leptospirillum ferriphilum CBCBSUCSU208015 when cultivated with pyrite.展开更多
Fractions of various heavy metals in a sulfidic minespoil were investigated. Column leaching experimentwas also conducted to simulate 'acid mine drainage' (AMD) from the minespoil. The results show thatleachin...Fractions of various heavy metals in a sulfidic minespoil were investigated. Column leaching experimentwas also conducted to simulate 'acid mine drainage' (AMD) from the minespoil. The results show thatleaching of heavy metals from the minespoil was extremely significant during the initial water flushing.The amounts of heavy metals leached out dramatically reduced after leaching twice. It is worthwhile tonote that in this study, Zn, Mn, Fe, As and Ni in the first leachate exceeded the total amount of eachcorresponding water-extractable (1:5, soil:water) metal contained in the minespoil sample. This appears tosuggest that 1:5 water extraction did not allow accurate estimation of water-leachable concentrations of theabove heavy metals. This work has implications for the management of sulfidic minespoils. Acid drainageof great environmental concerns is likely to occur only during heavy rainfall events after substantial solubleand readily exchangeable acid and metals are accumulated in the minespoils. The slow-reacting fractionsother than water-soluble and readily exchangeable fractions may pose little environmental hazards. This isparticularly true for Pb, As and Ni.展开更多
Development of a high-performance bifunctional catalyst is essential for the actual implementation of zinc-air batteries in practical applications.Herein,a bifunctional cathode of Co_(3)S_(4)/FeS heterogeneous nanopar...Development of a high-performance bifunctional catalyst is essential for the actual implementation of zinc-air batteries in practical applications.Herein,a bifunctional cathode of Co_(3)S_(4)/FeS heterogeneous nanoparticles embedded in Co/Fe single-atom-loaded nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets is designed.Cobalt-iron sulfides and single atomic sites with Co-N_(4)/Fe-N_(4)configurations are confirmed to coexist on the carbon matrix by EXAFS spectroscopy.3D self-supported super-hydrophobic multiphase composite cathode provides abundant active sites and facilitates gas–liquid-solid three-phase interface reactions,resulting in excellent electrocatalytic activity and batteries performance,i.e.,an OER overpotential(η_(10))of 260 mV,a half-wave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.872 V for ORR,aΔE of 0.618 V,and a discharge power density of 170 mW cm^(−2),a specific capacity of 816.3 mAh g^(−1).DFT analysis shows multiphase coupling of sulfide heterojunction through single-atomic metal doped carbon nanosheets reduces offset on center of electronic density of states before and after oxygen adsorption,and spin density of adsorbed oxygen with same spin orientation,leading to weakened charge/spin interactions between adsorbed oxygen and substrate,and a lowered oxygen adsorption energy to accelerate OER/ORR.展开更多
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21273185 and 21621091)the National Found for Fostering Talents of Basic Science (J1310024)
文摘With wide application of electric vehicles and large-scale in energy storage systems, the requirement ofsecondary batteries with higher power density and better safety gets urgent. Owing to the merits of hightheoretical capacity, relatively low cost and suitable discharge voltage, much attention has been paid tothe transition metal sulfides. Recently, a large amount of research papers have reported about the appli-cation of transition metal sulfides in lithium ion batteries. However, the practical application of transitionmetal sulfides is still impeded by their fast capacity fading and poor rate performance. More well-focusedresearches should be operated towards the commercialization of transition metal sulfides in lithium ionbatteries. In this review, recent development of using transition metal sulfides such as copper sulfides,molybdenum sulfides, cobalt sulfides, and iron sulfides as electrode materials for lithium ion batteriesis presented. In addition, the electrochemical reaction mechanisms and synthetic strategy of transitionmetal sulfides are briefly summarized. The critical issues, challenges, and perspectives providing a fur-ther understanding of the associated electrochemical processes are also discussed.
文摘Two anode catalysts with Pt, MoS2 and composite metal sulfides (MoS2+NiS), are investigated for electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen sulfide in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) at temperatures 750-850℃. The catalysts comprising MoS2 and MoSa+NiS exhibited good electrical conductivity and catalytic activity. MoS2 and composite catalysts were found to be more active than Pt, a widely used catalyst for high temperature H2S/O2 fuel cell at 750-850℃. However, MoS2 itself sublimes above 450℃. In contrast, composite catalysts containing both Mo and transition metal (Ni) are shown to be stable and effective in promoting the oxidation of H2S in SOFC up to 850℃. However, electric contact is poor between the platinum current collecting layer and the composite metal sulfide layer, so that the cell performance becomes worse. This problem is overcome by adding conductive Ag powder into the anode layer (forming MoS2+NiS+Ag anode material) to increase anode electrical conductance instead of applying a thin layer of platinum on the top of anode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272295,52071137,51977071,51802040,and 21802020)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2021RC3066 and 2021RC3067)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2020JJ3004 and 2020JJ4192)financial support of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Selective CO_(2)-to-CO photoreduction is under intensive research and requires photocatalysts with tuned microstructures to accelerate the reaction kinetics.Here,we report CuInS_(2)nanosheet arrays with sulfur vacancies(VS)grown on the two-dimensional(2D)support of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene for CO_(2)-to-CO photoreduction.Our results reveal that the use of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)induces strong support effect,which causes the hierarchical nanosheet arrays growth of CuInS_(2)and simultaneously leads to charge transfer from CuInS_(2)to Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)support,resulting in VSformed in CuInS_(2).The strong support effect based on Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)is proven to be applicable to prepare a series of different metal indium sulfide arrays with VS.CuInS_(2)nanosheet arrays with VSsupported on Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)benefit the photocatalytic selective reduction of CO_(2)to CO,manifesting a remarkable over 14.8-fold activity enhancement compared with pure CuInS_(2).The experimental and computational investigations pinpoint that VSof CuInS_(2)resulting from the support effect of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)lowers the barrier of the rate-limiting step of^(*)COOH→^(*)OH+^(*)CO,which is the key to the photoactivity enhancement.This work demonstrates MXene support effects and offers an effective approach to regulate the atomic microstructure of metal sulfides toward enhancing photocatalytic performance.
基金This research was supported by Brain Pool Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(No.2020H1D3A1A04081409。
文摘Vacancy engineering in metal sulfides has garnered enormous attention from researchers because of their outstanding ability to modulate the optical and physiochemical properties of photocatalysts.Typically,in the case of sulfides,the catalytic activity is drastically hindered by the quick reassembly of excitons and the photocorrosion effect.Hence designing and generating S-vacancies in metal sulfides has emerged as a potential strategy for attaining adequate water splitting to generate H_(2) and O_(2) because of the simulta-neous improvement in the optoelectronic features.However,developing efficient catalysts that manifest optimal photo(electro)catalytic performance for large-scale applicability remains challenging.Therefore,it is of utmost interest to explore the insightful features of creating S-vacancy and study their impact on catalytic performance.This review article aims to comprehensively highlight the roles of S-vacancy in sulfides for amended overall water-splitting activity.The photocatalytic features of S-vacancies modulated metal sulfides are deliberated,followed by various advanced synthetic and characterization techniques for effectual generation and identification of vacancy defects.The specific aspects of S-vacancies in refin-ing the optical absorption range charge carrier dynamics,and photoinduced surface chemical reactions are critically examined for overall water splitting applications.Finally,the vouchsafing outlooks and op-portunities confronting the defect-engineered(S-vacancy)metal sulfides-based photocatalysts have been summarized.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21922105,21931001 and 22271124)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1501101)+2 种基金Special Fund Project of Guiding Scientific and Technological Innovation Development of Gansu Province(2019zX-04)the 111 Project(B20027)support by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2021-pd04,Izujbky-2021-it12 and Izujbky-2021-37).
文摘With the rapid consumption of fossil fuels and the resulting environmental problems,researchers are working to find sustainable alternative energy and energy storage and conversion methods.Transition metal sulfur compounds have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent electrical conductivity,low cost,adjustable components and good electrocatalytic performance.As an alternative to noble metal catalysts,they have emerged as a promising electrocatalyst.However,their low catalytic activity and poor stability limit their large-scale practical applications.Rare earth elements,known as industrial vitamins,are widely used in various fields due to their special redox properties,oxygen affinity and electronic structure.Therefore,the construction of rare earth promoted transition metal sulfides is of far-reaching significance for the development of catalysts.Here,we review the applications of various rare earth promoted transition metal sulfides in energy storage and conversion in recent years,which focuses on three ways in rare earth promoted transition metal sulfide,including doping,interfacial modification engineering and structural facilitation.As well,these materials are used in electrochemical reactions such as OER,HER,ORR,CO_(2)RR,and so on,in order to explore the important role of rare earth in the field of electrocatalysis,the future challenges and opportunities.
基金The present work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI(Grant number 18H05159)in Scientific Research on Innovative Areas“Innovations for Light Energy Conversion(I4 LEC)”from MEXT,Japan,and was also supported by the JST Strategic International Collaborative Research Program(SICORP),Japan(Grant number JPMJSC18H7)International Science and Technology Cooperation Program(Grant No.2017YFE0127800),China.
文摘Seeking and developing efficient CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)electrocatalysts is a hot topic in this era of global warming.Among material candidates for sustainable and cost-effective applications,metal sulfides have attracted attention as promising nature-inspired materials due to multiple adsorption sites which are enhanced by the covalent character of sulfur.This article summarizes the current status regarding the utilization and development of metal sulfide materials as CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts.First,the research background and basic principles of electrochemical CO_(2)RR are introduced.Next,an overview of the main obstacles to developing efficient CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts is presented.The section is followed by a summary of the empirical evidence supporting the application of metal sulfides as CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts beside nature-inspired motivation.The summary of synthesis methods of various metal sulfides is also presented.Furthermore,the paper also highlights the recent works on metal sulfide as efficient CO_(2)RR including the undertaking strategy on the activity enhancement,and finally,discusses the challenges and prospect of metal sulfides-based CO_(2)RR electrocatalysts.Despite recent efforts,metal sulfides remain relatively unexplored as materials for CO_(2)RR electrocatalytic applications.Therefore,this review aims to stimulate novel ideas and research for improved catalyst designs and functionality.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51572157,21902085 and 51702188)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2019QF012)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2018JC036 and 2018JC046)Shandong Key Research and Development Program(No.2019JZZY010312)。
文摘The increasingly severe electromagnetic microwave pollution raises higher requirements for the development of efficient microwave absorption(MA)materials.Metal sulfides are regarded as potential robust MA materials because of their unique optical,thermal,electrical,and magnetic properties,as well as the controllable microstructures.However,due to the limited MA performances of unary metal sulfides,morphology regulations and foreign materials hybridizations are adopted as effective strategies to improve their MA performances.Recent years witnessed the fast research progresses on the metal sulfides based MA materials and thus,a systematic literature survey on the materials design,fabrication,characterizations,MA behaviors,and the mechanisms behind is,highly desirable to summarize the rapid progress of this hot research area so as to provide guidance for the future development trend.This review firstly reviewed the research background,research progress,and basic principles of MA materials.Subsequently,the present synthetic methods and performance improvement strategies of metal sulfides based MA materials are systematically introduced.Then,by comparing the MA properties of one-dimensional,two-dimensional,and three-dimensional metal sulfides based composites,the influence of dimensionality and morphology on the MA properties are analyzed.By summarizing the research process of metal sulfides/dielectrics composites,metal sulfides/magnets composites,and metal sulfides/dielectrics/magnets composites MA materials,the influence of foreign materials hybridizations on the loss mechanisms and impedance matching conditions of metal sulfides based composites are revealed.Finally,the challenges and development prospects of metal sulfides based MA materials are presented.This review would provide a comprehensive understanding and insightful guidance for the exploration and development of efficient MA materials with thin thickness,light weight,wide absorption bandwidth,and strong absorption intensity.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Research Program of China(No.2018YFB0905400,2017YFA0206301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51925207,U1910210,21605136,and 51872277)+1 种基金Dalian National Laboratory For Clean Energy(DNL)Cooperation Fund,the CAS(DNL 180310)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK2060140026,WK2060000009).
文摘Sodium-ion battery(SIB),one of most promising battery technologies,offers an alternative low-cost solution for scalable energy storage.Developing advanced electrode materials with superior electrochemical performance is of great significance for SIBs.Transition metal sulfides that emerge as promising anode materials have advantageous features particularly for electrochemical redox reaction,including high theoretical capacity,good cycling stability,easily-controlled structure and modifiable chemical composition.In this review,recent progress of transition metal sulfides based materials for SIBs is summarized by discussing the materials properties,advanced design strategies,electrochemical reaction mechanism and their applications in sodium-ion full batteries.Moreover,we propose several promising strategies to overcome the challenges of transition metal sulfides for SIBs,paving the way to explore and construct advanced electrode materials for SIBs and other energy storage devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21902085 and 51572157)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2019QF012 and ZR2019BEM024)+7 种基金Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(Nos.JCYJ20190807093205660 and JCYJ20190807092803583)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20190205)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2019A1515110846)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2018JC046 and 2018JC047)Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Project of Shandong Province(No.2018WSA01018)Science Development Program Project of Jinan(No.201805048)the Deans Research Assistance Foundation of Ji Nan Stomatology Hospital(2018-02)the Qilu Young Scholar Program of Shandong University(Nos.31370088963043 and 31370088963056).
文摘Globally,millions of people die of microbial infection-related diseases every year.The more terrible situation is that due to the overuse of antibiotics,especially in developing countries,people are struggling to fight with the bacteria variation.The emergence of super-bacteria will be an intractable environmental and health hazard in the future unless novel bactericidal weapons are mounted.Consequently,it is critical to develop viable antibacterial approaches to sustain the prosperous development of human society.Recent researches indicate that transition metal sulfides(TMSs)represent prominent bactericidal application potential owing to the meritorious antibacterial performance,acceptable biocompatibility,high solar energy utilization efficiency,and excellent photo-to-thermal conversion characteristics,and thus,a comprehensive review on the recent advances in this area would be beneficial for the future development.In this review article,we start with the antibacterial mechanisms of TMSs to provide a preliminary understanding.Thereafter,the state-of-the-art research progresses on the strategies for TMSs materials engineering so as to promote their antibacterial properties are systematically surveyed and summarized,followed by a summary of the practical application scenarios of TMSs-based antibacterial platforms.Finally,based on the thorough survey and analysis,we emphasize the challenges and future development trends in this area.
基金financially supported by the State Key Research Development Program of China (No. 2016YFA0204200the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21822603, 21773062, 21577036, 21377038 and 21237003)+1 种基金Shanghai Pujiang Program (No. 17PJD011)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 22A201514021)
文摘The recovery of heterogeneous catalysts can save costs and avoid secondary pollution,but its separation efficiency and recovery cost are limited by conventional separation methods such as precipitation–flocculation,centrifugation and filtration.In this paper,we found that surface-defective metal sulfides/oxides(WS2,CuS,ZnS,MoS2,CdS,TiO2,MoO2 and ZnO)commonly used in advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)could be magnetically recovered at room temperature and atmospheric pressure by mechanically mixing with Fe3O4.Zeta potential,Raman,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and electro-spin resonance(ESR)spectra were measured to explore the mechanism of the magnetic separation phenomenon.The exposed active metal sites on the surface of defective metal sulfides/oxides are beneficial for the formation of chemical bonds,which are combined with electrostatic force to be responsible for the magnetic separation.Moreover,other factors affecting the magnetic separation were also investigated,such as the addition of amount of Fe3O4,different solvents and particle sizes.Finally,WS2 was chosen to be applied as a co-catalyst in Fenton reaction,which could be well separated by the magnetic Fe3O4 to achieve the recycle of catalyst in Fenton reaction.Our research provides a general strategy for the recycle of metal sulfides/oxides in the catalytic applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2018YFC0604202)the National Science Fund Project (No.42172128)the International Geoscience Programme (No.IGCP-675)
文摘Large quantities of metal sulfides are widely distributed in uranium ores from the Middle Jurassic Zhiluo Formation of the Shuanglong uranium deposit,southern Ordos Basin,providing a convenient condition to study the relationship between metal sulfides and uranium minerals.The morphology and composition of uranium minerals and metal sulfides are illustrated to study uranium mineralization and mechanisms of metallogenesis.Uranium minerals can be broadly categorized as pitchblende,coffinite and brannerite.Metal sulfides associated with uranium minerals are pyrite,sphalerite,chalcopyrite and galena.Some assemblages of various metal sulfides and uranium minerals indicate that they are coeval,but the order of formation is different.Based on mineralogical observations,paragenetic sequences for mineral assemblages are discussed.Alteration of Fe-Ti oxides forms Ti oxides,brannerite and pyrite.The formation of chalcopyrite was later than that of pyrite.Clausthalite(Pb Se)replaces sphalerite or shows isomorphism with galena.There are three genetic types of galena,of which typeⅠis related to tectonic thermal events and can interact with uranyl ions to form uranium oxides and Pb;.When sulfur activity is relatively high,Pb;can form new anhedral galena,that is,typeⅡ.TypeⅢof galena is related to the decay of uranium minerals.The genetic order of the main minerals was determined as follows:Fe-Ti oxides>Ti oxides/sphalerite/pyrite>clausthalite/galenaⅠ/chalcopyrite>galenaⅡ/uranium minerals>galenaⅢduring the diagenetic stage.Hydrogen sulfide(H;S)is a decisive factor in the interaction between metal sulfides and uranium.Metal ions can react with H;S,accompanied by precipitation and enrichment of uranium minerals.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52122107 and 972224)the Postdoctoral International Exchange Program(YJ20200139).
文摘Spin regulation of active sites is sparking much interest in boosting oxygen electrocatalytic performance.However,in amorphous electrocatalysts,the design principle of spin regulation to promote catalytic activity remains unclear.Herein,we synthesized a series of heteroatom-doped amorphous transition metal sulfides with regulated spin states using a one-step hydrothermal process.Especially in Modoped CoS,the spin state of Co^(2+)was successfully modulated to the low-spin state,which could optimize the adsorption free energy of various intermediates,improving the oxygen reduction reaction kinetics.The fabricated Zn-air batteries(ZABs)delivered good cycle stability(over 100 h).The large ZAB(100 cm^(2))exhibited a high discharge voltage(1.25 V under 0.5 A)and a superior overall mass-energy density(93 W h kg^(−1)),which illuminated a 2.5-m light-emitting-diode ribbon for over seven days.This work provides new insight into the mechanism of engineering spin states in amorphous materials for oxygen electrocatalysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant nos.51803077,52073124)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant nos.BK20180627)+3 种基金Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2018M630517,2019T120389)the MOE and SAFEA,111 Project(B13025)the national first-class discipline program of Light Industry Technology and Engineering(LITE2018-19)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘In search of effective and stable bifunctional electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic water splitting is still a major challenge for the highly efficient H_(2) production.Here,we reported a facile strategy to design high-indexed Cu_(3)Pd_(13)_S_(7) nanoparticles(NPs)in situ synthesized on the three-dimensional(3D)carbon nanofibers(CNFs)by combining electrospinning and chemical vapor deposition(CVD)technology.The high-index facets with abundant active sites,the 3D architecture CNFs with high specific surface area and synergistic effect of Cu-Pd-S bonds with strong electron couplings together promote the elec-trocatalytic performance.The Cu_(3)Pd_(13)_S_(7)/CNFs shows excellent electrocatalytic activity with low overpotentials of 52 mV(10 mA cm^(−2))for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and 240 mV(10 mA cm^(−2))for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).The excellent protection of Cu_(3)Pd_(13)_S_(7) by CNFs from aggregation and electrolyte corrosion lead to the high stability of Cu_(3)Pd_(13)_S_(7)/CNFs under acidic and alkaline conditions.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51872012)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA900)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the 111 Project(Grant No.B17002).
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are considered as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems with high energy density and reliable performance.However,the commercial applications of lithium-sulfur batteries is hindered by several shortcomings like the poor conductivity of sulfur and its reaction products,and the loss of active materials owing to the diffusion of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)into the electrolyte.Hence,the effective restraining of the LiPSs and the promotion of the sluggish conversion are highly demanded to fulfill the potential of lithium-sulfur batteries.Here,we summarize the applications of transition-metal sulfides(TMSs)in the cathodes over recent years and demonstrate the unique advantages they possess to realize reliable long-life lithium-sulfur batteries.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.30920021107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51702161)。
文摘Electrical and magnetic properties are two crucial factors for the designing of broadband electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)materials.In this work,we synthesized various magnetic metal sulfides/carbon(M_(x)S_(y)/C)nanocomposites from the precursor complex of metal in microporous polythiophene(MPT),and systematically investigated their EWA properties and mechanism.The characterization results indicate that M_(x)S_(y) were determined to be Fe_(7)S_(8)/C,Co_(9)S_(8)/C and Ni_(4)S_(3)/C,respectively.It is observed that M_(x)S_(y)/C nanocomposites exhibit remarkable EWA performances,where the maximal absorption gets to-51.3 dB,and efficient absorption can be realized in 10.32-18 GHz(7.68 GHz),which is superior to most reported magnetic carbonaceous EWA composites.Beside,the efficient absorption can be tuned to cover Ku band X band,demonstrating their great potential in practical applications.Improved conductance loss,obvious polarization relaxation,and apparent eddy current loss are deemed to make the predominant contributions to the high-performance EWA.This research opens up the exploration of novel nanocomposite coupling dielectric loss and magnetic loss using MPT-metal complex precursor for EWA applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21972068,22072067,22232004)the High-level Talents Project of Jinling Institute of Technology(jit-b-202164)。
文摘Precisely refining the electronic structure of electrocatalysts represents a powerful approach to further optimize the electrocatalytic performance.Herein,we demonstrate an ingenious d-d orbital hybridization concept to construct Mo-doped Co_(9)S_(8) nanorod arrays aligned on carbon cloth(CC)substrate(abbreviated as Mo-Co_(9)S_(8)@CC hereafter)as a high-efficiency bifunctional electrocatalyst toward water electrolysis.It has experimentally and theoretically validated that the 4d-3d orbital coupling between Mo dopant and Co site can effectively optimize the H_(2)O activation energy and lower H^(*)adsorption energy barrier,thereby leading to enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activities.Thanks to the unique electronic and geometrical advantages,the optimized Mo-Co_(9)S_(8)@CC with appropriate Mo content exhibits outstanding bifunctional performance in alkaline solution,with the overpotentials of 75 and 234 mV for the delivery of a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),small Tafel slopes of 53.8 and 39.9 mV dec~(-1)and long-term stabilities for at least 32 and 30 h for HER and OER,respectively.More impressively,a water splitting electrolylzer assembled by the self-supported Mo-Co_(9)S_(8)@CC electrode requires a low cell voltage of 1.53 V at 10 mA cm^(-2)and shows excellent stability and splendid reversibility,demonstrating a huge potential for affordable and scalable electrochemical H_(2) production.The innovational orbital hybridization strategy for electronic regulation herein provides an inspirable avenue for developing progressive electrocatalysts toward new energy systems.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,Grant/Award Numbers:CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0798,CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0371Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan,Grant/Award Number:24NSFSC1052+4 种基金Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission,Grant/Award Numbers:KJQN202101439,KJQN202101441Youth Science and Technology Foundation of Gansu Province,Grant/Award Number:21JR1RA320Cooperative Projects between Undergraduate Universities in Chongqing and Institutes affiliated with Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant/Award Number:HZ2021014Key Projects of Technological Innovation and Application Development in Chongqing,Grant/Award Number:2022TIAD-KPX0159Chongqing Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project,Grant/Award Number:CQYC202203091274。
文摘The development of highly efficient sodium-ion batteries depends critically on the successful exploitation of advanced anode hosts that is capable of overcoming sluggish reaction kinetics while also withstanding severe structural deformation triggered by the large radius of Na^(+)-insertion.Herein,a hierarchically hybrid material with hetero-Co_(3)S_(4)/NiS hollow nanosphere packaged into a densified N-doped carbonmatrix(Co_(3)S_(4)/NiS@N-C)was designed and fabricated utilizing CoNi-glycerate as the self-sacrifice template,making the utmost of the synergistic effect of hetero-Co_(3)S_(4)/NiS with strong electric field and rich reaction active-sites together with the densified outer-carbon scaffolds with remarkable electronic conductivity and robust mechanical toughness.As anticipated,as-fabricated Co_(3)S_(4)/NiS@N-C anode affords remarkable specific capacity,prolonged cycle lifespan up to 2400 cycles with an only 0.05%fading each cycle at 20.0 A g^(−1),and excellent rate feature(354.9 mAh g^(−1)at 30.0 A g^(−1)),one of the best performances for most existing Co_(3)S_(4)/NiS-based anodes.Ex situ structural characterizations in tandem with theoretical analysis demonstrate the reversible insertion-conversion mechanism of initially proceeding with Na^(+)de-/intercalation and superior heterogeneous interfacial reaction behavior with strong Na^(+)-adsorption ability.Further,sodium-ion full cell and hybrid capacitor based on Co_(3)S_(4)/NiS@N-C anode exhibit impressive electrochemical characteristics on cycling performance and rate capability,showcasing its outstanding feasibility toward practical use.
文摘Extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） produced by acidophilic bioleaching microorganisms play an important role in the production of acid mine drainage and metal sulfide bioleaching. EPS mediate the contact between microbial cells and growth substrates, having a pivotal role in organic film formation and bacterium-substratum interactions. The production and chemical composition of EPS produced by seven bioleaching strains grown with different substrates were studied. Analysis of the EPS extracted from these strains indicated that the EPS consisted of carbohydrates, proteins and galacturonic acid. The contents of EPS, carbohydrates, proteins and galacturonic acid of EPS were largely related to the kind of strain used and culture condition. The results show that EPS productions of microbes grown with pyrite were significantly higher than those of microbes grown with sulfur or FeSO4·7H2O. The highest EPS production of the seven acidiphilic strains was （159.43±3.93） mg/g, which was produced by Leptospirillum ferriphilum CBCBSUCSU208015 when cultivated with pyrite.
基金Project partly supported by an internal grant of Southern Cross University,Australia(Project No.305093).
文摘Fractions of various heavy metals in a sulfidic minespoil were investigated. Column leaching experimentwas also conducted to simulate 'acid mine drainage' (AMD) from the minespoil. The results show thatleaching of heavy metals from the minespoil was extremely significant during the initial water flushing.The amounts of heavy metals leached out dramatically reduced after leaching twice. It is worthwhile tonote that in this study, Zn, Mn, Fe, As and Ni in the first leachate exceeded the total amount of eachcorresponding water-extractable (1:5, soil:water) metal contained in the minespoil sample. This appears tosuggest that 1:5 water extraction did not allow accurate estimation of water-leachable concentrations of theabove heavy metals. This work has implications for the management of sulfidic minespoils. Acid drainageof great environmental concerns is likely to occur only during heavy rainfall events after substantial solubleand readily exchangeable acid and metals are accumulated in the minespoils. The slow-reacting fractionsother than water-soluble and readily exchangeable fractions may pose little environmental hazards. This isparticularly true for Pb, As and Ni.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51772213,12004283,12274324)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No 21JC405700)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology.
文摘Development of a high-performance bifunctional catalyst is essential for the actual implementation of zinc-air batteries in practical applications.Herein,a bifunctional cathode of Co_(3)S_(4)/FeS heterogeneous nanoparticles embedded in Co/Fe single-atom-loaded nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets is designed.Cobalt-iron sulfides and single atomic sites with Co-N_(4)/Fe-N_(4)configurations are confirmed to coexist on the carbon matrix by EXAFS spectroscopy.3D self-supported super-hydrophobic multiphase composite cathode provides abundant active sites and facilitates gas–liquid-solid three-phase interface reactions,resulting in excellent electrocatalytic activity and batteries performance,i.e.,an OER overpotential(η_(10))of 260 mV,a half-wave potential(E_(1/2))of 0.872 V for ORR,aΔE of 0.618 V,and a discharge power density of 170 mW cm^(−2),a specific capacity of 816.3 mAh g^(−1).DFT analysis shows multiphase coupling of sulfide heterojunction through single-atomic metal doped carbon nanosheets reduces offset on center of electronic density of states before and after oxygen adsorption,and spin density of adsorbed oxygen with same spin orientation,leading to weakened charge/spin interactions between adsorbed oxygen and substrate,and a lowered oxygen adsorption energy to accelerate OER/ORR.
