To solve the low power transfer efficiency and magnetic field leakage problems of cardiac pacemaker wireless powering, we proposed a wireless power supply system suitable for implanted cardiac pacemaker based on mu-ne...To solve the low power transfer efficiency and magnetic field leakage problems of cardiac pacemaker wireless powering, we proposed a wireless power supply system suitable for implanted cardiac pacemaker based on mu-negative(MNG) and mu-nearzero(MNZ) metamaterials. First, a hybrid metamaterial consisted of central MNG unit for magnetic field concentration and surrounding MNZ units for magnetic leakage shielding was established by theoretical calculation. Afterwards, the magnetic field distribution of wireless power supply system with MNG-MNZ metamaterial slab was acquired via finite element simulation and verified to be better than the distribution with conventional MNG slab deployed. Finally, an experimental platform of wireless power supply system was established with which power transfer experiment and system temperature rise experiment were conducted.Simulation and experimental results showed that the power transfer efficiency was improved from 44.44%,19.42%, 8.63% and 6.19% to 55.77%, 62.39%, 20.81%and 14.52% at 9.6 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm and 50 mm,respectively. The maximum SAR acquired by SAR simulation under human body environment was-7.14 dbm and maximum reduction of the magnetic field strength around the receiving coil was 2.82 A/m. The maximum temperature rise during 30min charging test was 3.85℃,and the safety requirements of human bodies were met.展开更多
Terahertz metamaterial biosensors have attracted significant attention in the biological field due to their advantages of label-free,real-time and in situ detection.In this paper,a highly sensitive metamaterial sensor...Terahertz metamaterial biosensors have attracted significant attention in the biological field due to their advantages of label-free,real-time and in situ detection.In this paper,a highly sensitive metamaterial sensor with semi-ring mirror symmetry based on toroidal dipole resonance is designed for a new metamaterial biosensor.It is shown that a refractive index sensitivity of 337.5 GHz per refractive index unit can be achieved under an analyte of saturated thickness near a 1.33 THz transmission dip.For biosensor samples where aflatoxin B1 is dropped on the metamaterial surface in our experiment,dip amplitudes of transmission varying from 0.1904 to 0.203 and 0.2093 are observed as aflatoxin B1 concentrations are altered from 0 to 0.001μg·ml-1 and to 0.01μg·ml-1,respectively.Furthermore,when aflatoxin B1 concentrations are 0.1μg·ml-1,1μg·ml-1,10μg·ml-1 and 100μg·ml-1,dip amplitudes of 0.2179,0.226,0.2384 and 0.2527 and dip redshifts of 10.1 GHz,20.1 GHz,27.7 GHz and 37.6 GHz are respectively observed.These results illustrate high-sensitivity,label-free detection of aflatoxin B1,enriching the applications of sensors in the terahertz domain.展开更多
Implantable hydrogel-based bioelectronics(IHB)can precisely monitor human health and diagnose diseases.However,achieving biodegradability,biocompatibility,and high conformality with soft tissues poses significant chal...Implantable hydrogel-based bioelectronics(IHB)can precisely monitor human health and diagnose diseases.However,achieving biodegradability,biocompatibility,and high conformality with soft tissues poses significant challenges for IHB.Gelatin is the most suitable candidate for IHB since it is a collagen hydrolysate and a substantial part of the extracellular matrix found naturally in most tissues.This study used 3D printing ultrafine fiber networks with metamaterial design to embed into ultra-low elastic modulus hydrogel to create a novel gelatin-based conductive film(GCF)with mechanical programmability.The regulation of GCF nearly covers soft tissue mechanics,an elastic modulus from 20 to 420 kPa,and a Poisson’s ratio from-0.25 to 0.52.The negative Poisson’s ratio promotes conformality with soft tissues to improve the efficiency of biological interfaces.The GCF can monitor heartbeat signals and respiratory rate by determining cardiac deformation due to its high conformability.Notably,the gelatin characteristics of the biodegradable GCF enable the sensor to monitor and support tissue restoration.The GCF metamaterial design offers a unique idea for bioelectronics to develop implantable sensors that integrate monitoring and tissue repair and a customized method for endowing implanted sensors to be highly conformal with soft tissues.展开更多
The use of metamaterial enhances the performance of a specific class of antennas known as metamaterial antennas.The radiation cost and quality factor of the antenna are influenced by the size of the antenna.Metamateri...The use of metamaterial enhances the performance of a specific class of antennas known as metamaterial antennas.The radiation cost and quality factor of the antenna are influenced by the size of the antenna.Metamaterial antennas allow for the circumvention of the bandwidth restriction for small antennas.Antenna parameters have recently been predicted using machine learning algorithms in existing literature.Machine learning can take the place of the manual process of experimenting to find the ideal simulated antenna parameters.The accuracy of the prediction will be primarily dependent on the model that is used.In this paper,a novel method for forecasting the bandwidth of the metamaterial antenna is proposed,based on using the Pearson Kernel as a standard kernel.Along with these new approaches,this paper suggests a unique hypersphere-based normalization to normalize the values of the dataset attributes and a dimensionality reduction method based on the Pearson kernel to reduce the dimension.A novel algorithm for optimizing the parameters of Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)based on improved Bat Algorithm-based Optimization with Pearson Mutation(BAO-PM)is also presented in this work.The prediction results of the proposed work are better when compared to the existing models in the literature.展开更多
Thermal illusion aims to create fake thermal signals or hide the thermal target from the background thermal field to mislead infrared observers,and illusion thermotics was proposed to regulate heat flux with artificia...Thermal illusion aims to create fake thermal signals or hide the thermal target from the background thermal field to mislead infrared observers,and illusion thermotics was proposed to regulate heat flux with artificially structured metamaterials for thermal illusion.Most theoretical and experimental works on illusion thermotics focus on two-dimensional materials,while heat transfer in real three-dimensional(3D)objects remains elusive,so the general 3D illusion thermotics is urgently demanded.In this study,we propose a general method to design 3D thermal illusion metamaterials with varying illusions at different sizes and positions.To validate the generality of the 3D method for thermal illusion metamaterials,we realize thermal functionalities of thermal shifting,splitting,trapping,amplifying and compressing.In addition,we propose a special way to simplify the design method under the condition that the size of illusion target is equal to the size of original heat source.The 3D thermal illusion metamaterial paves a general way for illusion thermotics and triggers the exploration of illusion metamaterials for more functionalities and applications.展开更多
Elastic wave absorption at subwavelength scale is of significance in many engineering applications.Non-Hermitian metamaterials show the ability in high-efficiency wave absorption.However,the single functionality of me...Elastic wave absorption at subwavelength scale is of significance in many engineering applications.Non-Hermitian metamaterials show the ability in high-efficiency wave absorption.However,the single functionality of metamaterials is an important limitation on their practical applications for lack of tunability and reconfigurability.Here,we propose a tunable and reconfigurable non-Hermitian piezoelectric metamaterial bar,in which piezoelectric bars connect with resonant circuits,to achieve asymmetric unidirectional perfect absorption(UPA)and symmetric bidirectional perfect absorption(PA)at low frequencies.The two functions can be arbitrarily switched by rearranging shunted circuits.Based on the reverberation-ray matrix(RRM)method,an approach is provided to achieve UPA by setting an exceptional point(EP)in the coupled resonant bandgap.By using the transfer matrix method(TMM)and the finite element method(FEM),it is observed that a non-Hermitian pseudo-band forms between two resonant bandgaps,and the EP appears at the bottom of the pseudo-band.In addition,the genetic algorithm is used to accurately and efficiently design the shunted circuits for desired low-frequency UPA and PA.The present work may provide new strategies for vibration suppression and guided waves manipulation in wide potential applications.展开更多
Auxetic mechanical metamaterials are artificially architected materials that possess negative Poisson’s ratio,demonstrating transversal contracting deformation under external vertical compression loading.Their physic...Auxetic mechanical metamaterials are artificially architected materials that possess negative Poisson’s ratio,demonstrating transversal contracting deformation under external vertical compression loading.Their physical properties are mainly determined by spatial topological configurations.Traditionally,classical auxetic mechanical metamaterials exhibit relatively lower mechanical stiffness,compared to classic stretching dominated architectures.Nevertheless,in recent years,several novel auxetic mechanical metamaterials with high stiffness have been designed and proposed for energy absorption,load-bearing,and thermal-mechanical coupling applications.In this paper,mechanical design methods for designing auxetic structures with soft and stiff mechanical behavior are summarized and classified.For soft auxetic mechanical metamaterials,classic methods,such as using soft basic material,hierarchical design,tensile braided design,and curved ribs,are proposed.In comparison,for stiff auxetic mechanical metamaterials,design schemes,such as hard base material,hierarchical design,composite design,and adding additional load-bearing ribs,are proposed.Multi-functional applications of soft and stiff auxetic mechanical metamaterials are then reviewed.We hope this study could provide some guidelines for designing programmed auxetics with specified mechanical stiffness and deformation abilities according to demand.展开更多
Taking inspiration from quantum parity–time(PT) symmetries that have gained immense popularity in the emerging fields of non-Hermitian optics and photonics, the interest of exploring more generalized gain-loss intera...Taking inspiration from quantum parity–time(PT) symmetries that have gained immense popularity in the emerging fields of non-Hermitian optics and photonics, the interest of exploring more generalized gain-loss interactions is never seen down. In this paper we theoretically present new fantastic properties through a zero-index metamaterial(ZIM) waveguide loaded gain and loss defects. For the case of epsilon-and-mu-near-zero(EMNZ) based ZIM medium, electromagnetic(EM)waves are cumulative and the system behaves as an amplifier when the loss cavity coefficient is greater than the gain cavity coefficient. Conversely, when loss is less than gain, EM waves are dissipated and the system behaves as an attenuator.Moreover, our investigation is extended to non-Hermitian scenarios characterized by tailored distributions of gain and loss in the epsilon-near-zero(ENZ) host medium. The transport effect in ZIM waveguide is amplified in one mode, while it is dissipative in the other mode, which breaks the common sense and its physic is analyzed by magnetic flux. That is which cavity has the smaller loss/gain coefficient, the larger its magnetic flux, which cavity dominates. This paper is of significant importance in the manipulation of electromagnetic waves and light amplification as well as the enhancement of matter interactions.展开更多
In this work,we design a twisting metamaterial for longitudinal-torsional(L-T)mode conversion in pipes through exploring the theory of perfect transmodal FabryPerot interference(TFPI).Assuming that the axial and radia...In this work,we design a twisting metamaterial for longitudinal-torsional(L-T)mode conversion in pipes through exploring the theory of perfect transmodal FabryPerot interference(TFPI).Assuming that the axial and radial motions in pipes can be decoupled,we find that the metamaterial can be designed in a rectangular coordinate system,which is much more convenient than that in a cylindrical system.Numerical calculation with detailed microstructures shows that an efficient L-T mode conversion can be obtained in pipes with different radii.In addition,we fabricate mode-converting microstructures on an aluminum pipe and conduct ultrasonic experiments,and the results are in good agreement with the numerical calculations.We expect that the proposed LT mode-converting metamaterial and its design methodology can be applied in various ultrasonic devices.展开更多
Auxetic honeycomb structures are promising metamaterials with outstanding mechanical properties,and can be potentially used in energy absorption applications.In this study,a novel modified re-entrant hybrid auxetic me...Auxetic honeycomb structures are promising metamaterials with outstanding mechanical properties,and can be potentially used in energy absorption applications.In this study,a novel modified re-entrant hybrid auxetic metamaterial inspired by Islamic motif art is designed by integrating four-pointed double re-entrant motifs with symmetric semi-hexagonal unit cells to achieve a high energy absorption capacity(EAC).Theoretical analyses and numerical simulations are performed to examine the dynamic crushing behavior of the four-pointed double re-entrant combined structure(FDRCS).The developed finite element models(FEMs)are validated by the experiments under quasi-static compression.The deformation mode and stress-strain curves are further studied under low,medium,and high crushing velocities.The theoretically predicted plateau stress of the FDRCS under different crushing velocities is consistent with the numerical simulation results.The crushing stress and the EAC of the FDRCS are influenced by the geometric parameters and crushing velocities.The FDRCS exhibits a negative Poisson's ratio(NPR),owing to the four-point re-entrant structure(RES).Moreover,the specific energy absorption(SEA)of these structures is higher than that of nonauxetic hexagonal and auxetic re-entrant structures,owing to the generation of more plastic hinges that dissipate more energy during dynamic crushing.展开更多
The passive radiative cooling technology shows a great potential application on reducing the enormous global energy consumption.The multilayer metamaterials could enhance the radiative cooling performance.However,it i...The passive radiative cooling technology shows a great potential application on reducing the enormous global energy consumption.The multilayer metamaterials could enhance the radiative cooling performance.However,it is a challenge to design the radiative cooler.In this work,based on the particle swarm optimization(PSO)evolutionary algorithm,we develop an intelligent workflow in designing photonic radiative cooling metamaterials.Specifically,we design two 10-layer SiO_(2) radiative coolers doped by cylindrical MgF_(2) or air impurities,possessing high emissivity within the selective(8–13μm)and broadband(8–25μm)atmospheric transparency windows,respectively.Our two kinds of coolers demonstrate power density as high as 119 W/m^(2) and 132 W/m^(2) at the room temperature(300 K).Our scheme does not rely on the usage of special materials,forming high-performing metamaterials with conventional poor-performing components.This significant improvement of the emission spectra proves the effectiveness of our inverse design algorithm in boosting the discovery of high-performing functional metamaterials.展开更多
Nonlinear phononic crystals have attracted great interest because of their unique properties absent in linear phononic crystals.However,few researches have considered the bilinear nonlinearity as well as its consequen...Nonlinear phononic crystals have attracted great interest because of their unique properties absent in linear phononic crystals.However,few researches have considered the bilinear nonlinearity as well as its consequences in acoustic metamaterials.Hence,we introduce bilinear nonlinearity into acoustic metamaterials,and investigate the propagation behaviors of the fundamental and the second harmonic waves in the nonlinear acoustic metamaterials by discretization method,revealing the influence of the system parameters.Furthermore,we investigate the influence of partially periodic nonlinear acoustic metamaterials on the second harmonic wave propagation,and the results suggest that pass-band and band-gap can be transformed into each other under certain conditions.Our findings could be beneficial to the band gap control in nonlinear acoustic metamaterials.展开更多
As a two-dimensional(2D)material,monolayer MoS2which limits its optical applications has a low absorption efficiency.In this paper,we propose a three-band perfect metamaterial absorber in the visible light range based...As a two-dimensional(2D)material,monolayer MoS2which limits its optical applications has a low absorption efficiency.In this paper,we propose a three-band perfect metamaterial absorber in the visible light range based on monolayer MoS_(2).The peak absorptivity of the structure at each resonance wavelength is nearly perfect,moreover,the light absorption of monolayer MoS2is obviously enhanced at the three resonant wavelengths.The dielectric–dielectric–metal structure we designed produces the coupling of Fabry–Perot resonance and high-order diffraction guided-mode resonance at different absorption peaks,which has been proved by the slab waveguide theory.In addition,the multi-modal absorption phenomenon is explained by extracting the equivalent impedance.The results show that we can adjust the absorption peak wavelength by regulating the parameters of the structure.This structure not only provides an idea for enhancing the interaction between light and two-dimensional materials but also has potential applications for optical detection devices.展开更多
A nearly perfect metamaterial absorber is proposed that can find utility in terahertz sensing applications.The design consists of two concentric elliptical ring resonators(ERRs)whose parameters are appropriately set t...A nearly perfect metamaterial absorber is proposed that can find utility in terahertz sensing applications.The design consists of two concentric elliptical ring resonators(ERRs)whose parameters are appropriately set to achieve dual band absorption with near perfect absorption.The first absorption band at 3.62 THz having a Q-factor of 51.7 was caused due to the currents in the outer and inner ERR.The second absorption peak at 3.814 THz having a Q factor of 1411.11 was a consequence of currents flowing across the gap between the two concentric resonators.Furthermore,it is observed that the absorption bands are sensitive to the variation in refractive index of the surrounding medium.The sensitivity's in the absorption bands are 3 THz/RIU and 3.59 THz/RIU respectively.A sensor is proposed based on this design to detect harmful gases,which is demonstrated for detection of Methane and Chloroform.High Q-factor and high sensitivity of the narrow band makes the design an excellent sensor for detecting variations in the refractive index.展开更多
A multi-band metamaterial antenna is proposed to operate at the terahertz(THz)band for medical applications.The proposed structure is designed on a polyimide as a support layer,and its radiating elements are made of g...A multi-band metamaterial antenna is proposed to operate at the terahertz(THz)band for medical applications.The proposed structure is designed on a polyimide as a support layer,and its radiating elements are made of graphene.Initially,the design is started with a conventional shape showing a single operating frequency at 1.1 THz.To achieve a multi-band operating frequency,the conventional shape was replaced with the proposed metamaterial as a radiating patch that has properties not exist in nature.The multi-band frequencies are obtained without compromising the overall size of the design.The overall size is 600×600×25μm^(3).The operating frequencies are 0.36,0.49,0.69,0.87,and 1.04 THz.A full ground plane is used to behave as isolation between the design and the human body model.The proposed design is investigated on free space and on the human body model,showing excellent performance in both cases.The achieved gains for the following frequencies 0.36,0.49,0.69,0.87,and 1.04 THz are 4.81,6.5,8.41,6.02,and 7.96 dB,respectively,while the efficiencies are 83.91%,96.28%,90.80%,91.71%,and 92.99%,respectively.The conventional design was modified to have a partial ground to show the benefit of using the full ground.The design is loaded on the human body model and its performance is affected.The efficiency and gain are 6.61 dB and 95.58.7%for the case of no human body model,and 4.26 dB and 40.30%for the case of using a human body model.Hence,the proposed metamaterial antenna will be useful for future medical applications in the THz band.展开更多
Metamaterials have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their powerful abilities in manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, most previously reported metamaterials are unable to actively cont...Metamaterials have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their powerful abilities in manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, most previously reported metamaterials are unable to actively control full-band EM waves. In this paper, we propose a thermo-tunable broadband metamaterial (T-TBM) using paraffin-based composites (PD-Cs) with different phase transition temperatures. Active control of the T-TBM reflection loss peaks from low to high frequency is realized by manipulating the solid–liquid state of the PD-Cs at different phase transition temperatures. The absorption peak bandwidth (where the reflection loss value is less than −30 dB) can be changed, while the broad bandwidth absorption (where the reflection loss value is less than −10 dB) is satisfied by adjusting the temperature of the T-TBM. It is shown that the stagnation of the phase transition temperature of the PD-Cs in the T-TBM provides a time window for actively controlling the EM wave absorption response under different thermal conditions. The device has a broad application prospect in the fields of EM absorption, intelligent metamaterials, multifunctional structural devices, and more.展开更多
For decades,the rapid development of wireless communication has provided people a smarter way of living.However,a significant increase in electromagnetic pollution is an unavoidable consequence.Evading radar detection...For decades,the rapid development of wireless communication has provided people a smarter way of living.However,a significant increase in electromagnetic pollution is an unavoidable consequence.Evading radar detection in modern warfare has also become an important prerequisite for survival on the battlefield.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status and types of electromagnetic absorption metamaterials,especially their design and preparation methods.Moreover,this review focuses on the strategies used to optimize the absorber absorption performance.Finally,this review presents a viewpoint on future research on electromagnetic absorption metamaterials,the main challenges that need to be addressed and the possible solutions.展开更多
The demand of high-end electromagnetic wave absorbing materials puts forward higher requirements on comprehensive performances of small thickness,lightweight,broadband,and strong absorption.Herein,a novel multi-layer ...The demand of high-end electromagnetic wave absorbing materials puts forward higher requirements on comprehensive performances of small thickness,lightweight,broadband,and strong absorption.Herein,a novel multi-layer stepped metamaterial absorber with gradient electromagnetic properties is proposed.The complex permittivity and permeability of each layer are tailored via the proportion of carbonyliron and carbon-fiber dispersing into the epoxy resin.The proposed metamaterial is further optimized via adjusting the electromagnetic parameters and geometric sizes of each layer.Comparing with the four-layer composite with gradient electromagnetic properties which could only realize reflection loss(RL)of less than−6 dB in 2.0-40 GHz,the optimized stepped metamaterial with the same thickness and electromagnetic properties realizes less than−10 dB in the relevant frequency range.Additionally,the RL of less than−15 dB is achieved in the frequency range of 11.2-21.4 GHz and 28.5-40 GHz.The multiple electromagnetic wave absorption mechanism is discussed based on the experimental and simulation results,which is believed to be attributed to the synergy effect induced by multi-scale structures of the metamaterial.Therefore,combining multi-layer structures and periodic stepped structures into a novel gradient absorbing metamaterial would give new insights into designing microwave absorption devices for broadband electromagnetic protections.展开更多
Multistable mechanical metamaterials are a type of mechanical metamaterials with special features,such as reusability,energy storage and absorption capabilities,rapid deformation,and amplified output forces.These meta...Multistable mechanical metamaterials are a type of mechanical metamaterials with special features,such as reusability,energy storage and absorption capabilities,rapid deformation,and amplified output forces.These metamaterials are usually realized by series and/or parallel of bistable units.They can exhibit multiple stable configurations under external loads and can be switched reversely among each other,thereby realizing the reusability of mechanical metamaterials and offering broad engineering applications.This paper reviews the latest research progress in the design strategy,manufacture and application of multistable mechanical metamaterials.We divide bistable structures into three categories based on their basic element types and provide the criterion of their bistability.Various manufacturing techniques to fabricate these multistable mechanical metamaterials are introduced,including mold casting,cutting,folding and three-dimensional/4D printing.Furthermore,the prospects of multistable mechanical metamaterials for applications in soft driving,mechanical computing,energy absorption and wave controlling are discussed.Finally,this paper highlights possible challenges and opportunities for future investigations.The review aims to provide insights into the research and development of multistable mechanical metamaterials.展开更多
An analytical method,called the symplectic mathematical method,is proposed to study the wave propagation in a spring-mass chain with gradient arranged local resonators and nonlinear ground springs.Combined with the li...An analytical method,called the symplectic mathematical method,is proposed to study the wave propagation in a spring-mass chain with gradient arranged local resonators and nonlinear ground springs.Combined with the linearized perturbation approach,the symplectic transform matrix for a unit cell of the weakly nonlinear graded metamaterial is derived,which only relies on the state vector.The results of the dispersion relation obtained with the symplectic mathematical method agree well with those achieved by the Bloch theory.It is shown that wider and lower frequency bandgaps are formed when the hardening nonlinearity and incident wave intensity increase.Subsequently,the displacement response and transmission performance of nonlinear graded metamaterials with finite length are studied.The dual tunable effects of nonlinearity and gradation on the wave propagation are explored under different excitation frequencies.For small excitation frequencies,the gradient parameter plays a dominant role compared with the nonlinearity.The reason is that the gradient tuning aims at the gradient arrangement of local resonators,which is limited by the critical value of the local resonator mass.In contrast,for larger excitation frequencies,the hardening nonlinearity is dominant and will contribute to the formation of a new bandgap.展开更多
基金supported by 2023 Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Basic Research Project (General Project)(JYTMS20230815)。
文摘To solve the low power transfer efficiency and magnetic field leakage problems of cardiac pacemaker wireless powering, we proposed a wireless power supply system suitable for implanted cardiac pacemaker based on mu-negative(MNG) and mu-nearzero(MNZ) metamaterials. First, a hybrid metamaterial consisted of central MNG unit for magnetic field concentration and surrounding MNZ units for magnetic leakage shielding was established by theoretical calculation. Afterwards, the magnetic field distribution of wireless power supply system with MNG-MNZ metamaterial slab was acquired via finite element simulation and verified to be better than the distribution with conventional MNG slab deployed. Finally, an experimental platform of wireless power supply system was established with which power transfer experiment and system temperature rise experiment were conducted.Simulation and experimental results showed that the power transfer efficiency was improved from 44.44%,19.42%, 8.63% and 6.19% to 55.77%, 62.39%, 20.81%and 14.52% at 9.6 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm and 50 mm,respectively. The maximum SAR acquired by SAR simulation under human body environment was-7.14 dbm and maximum reduction of the magnetic field strength around the receiving coil was 2.82 A/m. The maximum temperature rise during 30min charging test was 3.85℃,and the safety requirements of human bodies were met.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61927813,61865009,and 12104203)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.20212ACB201007).
文摘Terahertz metamaterial biosensors have attracted significant attention in the biological field due to their advantages of label-free,real-time and in situ detection.In this paper,a highly sensitive metamaterial sensor with semi-ring mirror symmetry based on toroidal dipole resonance is designed for a new metamaterial biosensor.It is shown that a refractive index sensitivity of 337.5 GHz per refractive index unit can be achieved under an analyte of saturated thickness near a 1.33 THz transmission dip.For biosensor samples where aflatoxin B1 is dropped on the metamaterial surface in our experiment,dip amplitudes of transmission varying from 0.1904 to 0.203 and 0.2093 are observed as aflatoxin B1 concentrations are altered from 0 to 0.001μg·ml-1 and to 0.01μg·ml-1,respectively.Furthermore,when aflatoxin B1 concentrations are 0.1μg·ml-1,1μg·ml-1,10μg·ml-1 and 100μg·ml-1,dip amplitudes of 0.2179,0.226,0.2384 and 0.2527 and dip redshifts of 10.1 GHz,20.1 GHz,27.7 GHz and 37.6 GHz are respectively observed.These results illustrate high-sensitivity,label-free detection of aflatoxin B1,enriching the applications of sensors in the terahertz domain.
基金This work was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52235007,52325504)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.T2121004).
文摘Implantable hydrogel-based bioelectronics(IHB)can precisely monitor human health and diagnose diseases.However,achieving biodegradability,biocompatibility,and high conformality with soft tissues poses significant challenges for IHB.Gelatin is the most suitable candidate for IHB since it is a collagen hydrolysate and a substantial part of the extracellular matrix found naturally in most tissues.This study used 3D printing ultrafine fiber networks with metamaterial design to embed into ultra-low elastic modulus hydrogel to create a novel gelatin-based conductive film(GCF)with mechanical programmability.The regulation of GCF nearly covers soft tissue mechanics,an elastic modulus from 20 to 420 kPa,and a Poisson’s ratio from-0.25 to 0.52.The negative Poisson’s ratio promotes conformality with soft tissues to improve the efficiency of biological interfaces.The GCF can monitor heartbeat signals and respiratory rate by determining cardiac deformation due to its high conformability.Notably,the gelatin characteristics of the biodegradable GCF enable the sensor to monitor and support tissue restoration.The GCF metamaterial design offers a unique idea for bioelectronics to develop implantable sensors that integrate monitoring and tissue repair and a customized method for endowing implanted sensors to be highly conformal with soft tissues.
文摘The use of metamaterial enhances the performance of a specific class of antennas known as metamaterial antennas.The radiation cost and quality factor of the antenna are influenced by the size of the antenna.Metamaterial antennas allow for the circumvention of the bandwidth restriction for small antennas.Antenna parameters have recently been predicted using machine learning algorithms in existing literature.Machine learning can take the place of the manual process of experimenting to find the ideal simulated antenna parameters.The accuracy of the prediction will be primarily dependent on the model that is used.In this paper,a novel method for forecasting the bandwidth of the metamaterial antenna is proposed,based on using the Pearson Kernel as a standard kernel.Along with these new approaches,this paper suggests a unique hypersphere-based normalization to normalize the values of the dataset attributes and a dimensionality reduction method based on the Pearson kernel to reduce the dimension.A novel algorithm for optimizing the parameters of Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)based on improved Bat Algorithm-based Optimization with Pearson Mutation(BAO-PM)is also presented in this work.The prediction results of the proposed work are better when compared to the existing models in the literature.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52211540005 and 52076087)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China (Grant No.2023AFA072)+2 种基金the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (Grant No.2021WNLOKF004)the Wuhan Knowledge Innovation Shuguang Programthe Science and Technology Program of Hubei Province of China (Grant No.2021BLB176)。
文摘Thermal illusion aims to create fake thermal signals or hide the thermal target from the background thermal field to mislead infrared observers,and illusion thermotics was proposed to regulate heat flux with artificially structured metamaterials for thermal illusion.Most theoretical and experimental works on illusion thermotics focus on two-dimensional materials,while heat transfer in real three-dimensional(3D)objects remains elusive,so the general 3D illusion thermotics is urgently demanded.In this study,we propose a general method to design 3D thermal illusion metamaterials with varying illusions at different sizes and positions.To validate the generality of the 3D method for thermal illusion metamaterials,we realize thermal functionalities of thermal shifting,splitting,trapping,amplifying and compressing.In addition,we propose a special way to simplify the design method under the condition that the size of illusion target is equal to the size of original heat source.The 3D thermal illusion metamaterial paves a general way for illusion thermotics and triggers the exploration of illusion metamaterials for more functionalities and applications.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11991033 and 11890681)。
文摘Elastic wave absorption at subwavelength scale is of significance in many engineering applications.Non-Hermitian metamaterials show the ability in high-efficiency wave absorption.However,the single functionality of metamaterials is an important limitation on their practical applications for lack of tunability and reconfigurability.Here,we propose a tunable and reconfigurable non-Hermitian piezoelectric metamaterial bar,in which piezoelectric bars connect with resonant circuits,to achieve asymmetric unidirectional perfect absorption(UPA)and symmetric bidirectional perfect absorption(PA)at low frequencies.The two functions can be arbitrarily switched by rearranging shunted circuits.Based on the reverberation-ray matrix(RRM)method,an approach is provided to achieve UPA by setting an exceptional point(EP)in the coupled resonant bandgap.By using the transfer matrix method(TMM)and the finite element method(FEM),it is observed that a non-Hermitian pseudo-band forms between two resonant bandgaps,and the EP appears at the bottom of the pseudo-band.In addition,the genetic algorithm is used to accurately and efficiently design the shunted circuits for desired low-frequency UPA and PA.The present work may provide new strategies for vibration suppression and guided waves manipulation in wide potential applications.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12102193)Shenzhen-Hong KongMacao Science and Technology Program(Category C)(SGDX2020110309300301)+1 种基金Key R&D Program from the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(Key Science&Technology Project)(No.2022YFSY0001)Changsha Municipal Science and Technology Bureau under the Grant kh2201035.
文摘Auxetic mechanical metamaterials are artificially architected materials that possess negative Poisson’s ratio,demonstrating transversal contracting deformation under external vertical compression loading.Their physical properties are mainly determined by spatial topological configurations.Traditionally,classical auxetic mechanical metamaterials exhibit relatively lower mechanical stiffness,compared to classic stretching dominated architectures.Nevertheless,in recent years,several novel auxetic mechanical metamaterials with high stiffness have been designed and proposed for energy absorption,load-bearing,and thermal-mechanical coupling applications.In this paper,mechanical design methods for designing auxetic structures with soft and stiff mechanical behavior are summarized and classified.For soft auxetic mechanical metamaterials,classic methods,such as using soft basic material,hierarchical design,tensile braided design,and curved ribs,are proposed.In comparison,for stiff auxetic mechanical metamaterials,design schemes,such as hard base material,hierarchical design,composite design,and adding additional load-bearing ribs,are proposed.Multi-functional applications of soft and stiff auxetic mechanical metamaterials are then reviewed.We hope this study could provide some guidelines for designing programmed auxetics with specified mechanical stiffness and deformation abilities according to demand.
基金Project supported by Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2021L554)。
文摘Taking inspiration from quantum parity–time(PT) symmetries that have gained immense popularity in the emerging fields of non-Hermitian optics and photonics, the interest of exploring more generalized gain-loss interactions is never seen down. In this paper we theoretically present new fantastic properties through a zero-index metamaterial(ZIM) waveguide loaded gain and loss defects. For the case of epsilon-and-mu-near-zero(EMNZ) based ZIM medium, electromagnetic(EM)waves are cumulative and the system behaves as an amplifier when the loss cavity coefficient is greater than the gain cavity coefficient. Conversely, when loss is less than gain, EM waves are dissipated and the system behaves as an attenuator.Moreover, our investigation is extended to non-Hermitian scenarios characterized by tailored distributions of gain and loss in the epsilon-near-zero(ENZ) host medium. The transport effect in ZIM waveguide is amplified in one mode, while it is dissipative in the other mode, which breaks the common sense and its physic is analyzed by magnetic flux. That is which cavity has the smaller loss/gain coefficient, the larger its magnetic flux, which cavity dominates. This paper is of significant importance in the manipulation of electromagnetic waves and light amplification as well as the enhancement of matter interactions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2033208,52192633)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2021JQ-006)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020TQ0241)the Innovative Scientific Program of China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.,Ltd。
文摘In this work,we design a twisting metamaterial for longitudinal-torsional(L-T)mode conversion in pipes through exploring the theory of perfect transmodal FabryPerot interference(TFPI).Assuming that the axial and radial motions in pipes can be decoupled,we find that the metamaterial can be designed in a rectangular coordinate system,which is much more convenient than that in a cylindrical system.Numerical calculation with detailed microstructures shows that an efficient L-T mode conversion can be obtained in pipes with different radii.In addition,we fabricate mode-converting microstructures on an aluminum pipe and conduct ultrasonic experiments,and the results are in good agreement with the numerical calculations.We expect that the proposed LT mode-converting metamaterial and its design methodology can be applied in various ultrasonic devices.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12102274,1207220311872253)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(No.A2022210005)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province of China(No.226Z4901G)。
文摘Auxetic honeycomb structures are promising metamaterials with outstanding mechanical properties,and can be potentially used in energy absorption applications.In this study,a novel modified re-entrant hybrid auxetic metamaterial inspired by Islamic motif art is designed by integrating four-pointed double re-entrant motifs with symmetric semi-hexagonal unit cells to achieve a high energy absorption capacity(EAC).Theoretical analyses and numerical simulations are performed to examine the dynamic crushing behavior of the four-pointed double re-entrant combined structure(FDRCS).The developed finite element models(FEMs)are validated by the experiments under quasi-static compression.The deformation mode and stress-strain curves are further studied under low,medium,and high crushing velocities.The theoretically predicted plateau stress of the FDRCS under different crushing velocities is consistent with the numerical simulation results.The crushing stress and the EAC of the FDRCS are influenced by the geometric parameters and crushing velocities.The FDRCS exhibits a negative Poisson's ratio(NPR),owing to the four-point re-entrant structure(RES).Moreover,the specific energy absorption(SEA)of these structures is higher than that of nonauxetic hexagonal and auxetic re-entrant structures,owing to the generation of more plastic hinges that dissipate more energy during dynamic crushing.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11935010)the Opening Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology。
文摘The passive radiative cooling technology shows a great potential application on reducing the enormous global energy consumption.The multilayer metamaterials could enhance the radiative cooling performance.However,it is a challenge to design the radiative cooler.In this work,based on the particle swarm optimization(PSO)evolutionary algorithm,we develop an intelligent workflow in designing photonic radiative cooling metamaterials.Specifically,we design two 10-layer SiO_(2) radiative coolers doped by cylindrical MgF_(2) or air impurities,possessing high emissivity within the selective(8–13μm)and broadband(8–25μm)atmospheric transparency windows,respectively.Our two kinds of coolers demonstrate power density as high as 119 W/m^(2) and 132 W/m^(2) at the room temperature(300 K).Our scheme does not rely on the usage of special materials,forming high-performing metamaterials with conventional poor-performing components.This significant improvement of the emission spectra proves the effectiveness of our inverse design algorithm in boosting the discovery of high-performing functional metamaterials.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0211400)the State Key Program of the National Natural Science of China(Grant No.11834008)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12174192)the Fund fromthe State Key Laboratory of Acoustics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.SKLA202008)the Fund from the Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.SSHJ-KFKT-1701)。
文摘Nonlinear phononic crystals have attracted great interest because of their unique properties absent in linear phononic crystals.However,few researches have considered the bilinear nonlinearity as well as its consequences in acoustic metamaterials.Hence,we introduce bilinear nonlinearity into acoustic metamaterials,and investigate the propagation behaviors of the fundamental and the second harmonic waves in the nonlinear acoustic metamaterials by discretization method,revealing the influence of the system parameters.Furthermore,we investigate the influence of partially periodic nonlinear acoustic metamaterials on the second harmonic wave propagation,and the results suggest that pass-band and band-gap can be transformed into each other under certain conditions.Our findings could be beneficial to the band gap control in nonlinear acoustic metamaterials.
基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB43010000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61835011 and 12075244)+1 种基金Key Research Projects of the Frontier Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDY-SSW-JSC004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB2206103).
文摘As a two-dimensional(2D)material,monolayer MoS2which limits its optical applications has a low absorption efficiency.In this paper,we propose a three-band perfect metamaterial absorber in the visible light range based on monolayer MoS_(2).The peak absorptivity of the structure at each resonance wavelength is nearly perfect,moreover,the light absorption of monolayer MoS2is obviously enhanced at the three resonant wavelengths.The dielectric–dielectric–metal structure we designed produces the coupling of Fabry–Perot resonance and high-order diffraction guided-mode resonance at different absorption peaks,which has been proved by the slab waveguide theory.In addition,the multi-modal absorption phenomenon is explained by extracting the equivalent impedance.The results show that we can adjust the absorption peak wavelength by regulating the parameters of the structure.This structure not only provides an idea for enhancing the interaction between light and two-dimensional materials but also has potential applications for optical detection devices.
文摘A nearly perfect metamaterial absorber is proposed that can find utility in terahertz sensing applications.The design consists of two concentric elliptical ring resonators(ERRs)whose parameters are appropriately set to achieve dual band absorption with near perfect absorption.The first absorption band at 3.62 THz having a Q-factor of 51.7 was caused due to the currents in the outer and inner ERR.The second absorption peak at 3.814 THz having a Q factor of 1411.11 was a consequence of currents flowing across the gap between the two concentric resonators.Furthermore,it is observed that the absorption bands are sensitive to the variation in refractive index of the surrounding medium.The sensitivity's in the absorption bands are 3 THz/RIU and 3.59 THz/RIU respectively.A sensor is proposed based on this design to detect harmful gases,which is demonstrated for detection of Methane and Chloroform.High Q-factor and high sensitivity of the narrow band makes the design an excellent sensor for detecting variations in the refractive index.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University for funding this work through Research Group No.RG-21–12–08.The initials of authors who receive the Grant are:ZAS.The URL of the sponsor’s website:https://units.imamu.edu.sa/deanships/sr/Pages/default.aspx.
文摘A multi-band metamaterial antenna is proposed to operate at the terahertz(THz)band for medical applications.The proposed structure is designed on a polyimide as a support layer,and its radiating elements are made of graphene.Initially,the design is started with a conventional shape showing a single operating frequency at 1.1 THz.To achieve a multi-band operating frequency,the conventional shape was replaced with the proposed metamaterial as a radiating patch that has properties not exist in nature.The multi-band frequencies are obtained without compromising the overall size of the design.The overall size is 600×600×25μm^(3).The operating frequencies are 0.36,0.49,0.69,0.87,and 1.04 THz.A full ground plane is used to behave as isolation between the design and the human body model.The proposed design is investigated on free space and on the human body model,showing excellent performance in both cases.The achieved gains for the following frequencies 0.36,0.49,0.69,0.87,and 1.04 THz are 4.81,6.5,8.41,6.02,and 7.96 dB,respectively,while the efficiencies are 83.91%,96.28%,90.80%,91.71%,and 92.99%,respectively.The conventional design was modified to have a partial ground to show the benefit of using the full ground.The design is loaded on the human body model and its performance is affected.The efficiency and gain are 6.61 dB and 95.58.7%for the case of no human body model,and 4.26 dB and 40.30%for the case of using a human body model.Hence,the proposed metamaterial antenna will be useful for future medical applications in the THz band.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52003203 and 52075422)the Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Province(2017HBGC-06)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities,and the K.C.Wong Education Foundation.
文摘Metamaterials have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their powerful abilities in manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, most previously reported metamaterials are unable to actively control full-band EM waves. In this paper, we propose a thermo-tunable broadband metamaterial (T-TBM) using paraffin-based composites (PD-Cs) with different phase transition temperatures. Active control of the T-TBM reflection loss peaks from low to high frequency is realized by manipulating the solid–liquid state of the PD-Cs at different phase transition temperatures. The absorption peak bandwidth (where the reflection loss value is less than −30 dB) can be changed, while the broad bandwidth absorption (where the reflection loss value is less than −10 dB) is satisfied by adjusting the temperature of the T-TBM. It is shown that the stagnation of the phase transition temperature of the PD-Cs in the T-TBM provides a time window for actively controlling the EM wave absorption response under different thermal conditions. The device has a broad application prospect in the fields of EM absorption, intelligent metamaterials, multifunctional structural devices, and more.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11774278)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.2012jdgz04)。
文摘For decades,the rapid development of wireless communication has provided people a smarter way of living.However,a significant increase in electromagnetic pollution is an unavoidable consequence.Evading radar detection in modern warfare has also become an important prerequisite for survival on the battlefield.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status and types of electromagnetic absorption metamaterials,especially their design and preparation methods.Moreover,this review focuses on the strategies used to optimize the absorber absorption performance.Finally,this review presents a viewpoint on future research on electromagnetic absorption metamaterials,the main challenges that need to be addressed and the possible solutions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52102113)the Nature Science Foundation of Shaanxi in China (No. 2022JQ-323)+1 种基金the Creative Research Foundation of the Science and Technology on Thermostructural Composite Materials LaboratoryNatural Science Foundation and Department of Education of Shaanxi in China (No. 21JK0912)
文摘The demand of high-end electromagnetic wave absorbing materials puts forward higher requirements on comprehensive performances of small thickness,lightweight,broadband,and strong absorption.Herein,a novel multi-layer stepped metamaterial absorber with gradient electromagnetic properties is proposed.The complex permittivity and permeability of each layer are tailored via the proportion of carbonyliron and carbon-fiber dispersing into the epoxy resin.The proposed metamaterial is further optimized via adjusting the electromagnetic parameters and geometric sizes of each layer.Comparing with the four-layer composite with gradient electromagnetic properties which could only realize reflection loss(RL)of less than−6 dB in 2.0-40 GHz,the optimized stepped metamaterial with the same thickness and electromagnetic properties realizes less than−10 dB in the relevant frequency range.Additionally,the RL of less than−15 dB is achieved in the frequency range of 11.2-21.4 GHz and 28.5-40 GHz.The multiple electromagnetic wave absorption mechanism is discussed based on the experimental and simulation results,which is believed to be attributed to the synergy effect induced by multi-scale structures of the metamaterial.Therefore,combining multi-layer structures and periodic stepped structures into a novel gradient absorbing metamaterial would give new insights into designing microwave absorption devices for broadband electromagnetic protections.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12172164,52250363)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFB3801800,2018YFA0306200)。
文摘Multistable mechanical metamaterials are a type of mechanical metamaterials with special features,such as reusability,energy storage and absorption capabilities,rapid deformation,and amplified output forces.These metamaterials are usually realized by series and/or parallel of bistable units.They can exhibit multiple stable configurations under external loads and can be switched reversely among each other,thereby realizing the reusability of mechanical metamaterials and offering broad engineering applications.This paper reviews the latest research progress in the design strategy,manufacture and application of multistable mechanical metamaterials.We divide bistable structures into three categories based on their basic element types and provide the criterion of their bistability.Various manufacturing techniques to fabricate these multistable mechanical metamaterials are introduced,including mold casting,cutting,folding and three-dimensional/4D printing.Furthermore,the prospects of multistable mechanical metamaterials for applications in soft driving,mechanical computing,energy absorption and wave controlling are discussed.Finally,this paper highlights possible challenges and opportunities for future investigations.The review aims to provide insights into the research and development of multistable mechanical metamaterials.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12072266,12172297,11972287,and 12072262)the Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment of China(No.GZ22106)。
文摘An analytical method,called the symplectic mathematical method,is proposed to study the wave propagation in a spring-mass chain with gradient arranged local resonators and nonlinear ground springs.Combined with the linearized perturbation approach,the symplectic transform matrix for a unit cell of the weakly nonlinear graded metamaterial is derived,which only relies on the state vector.The results of the dispersion relation obtained with the symplectic mathematical method agree well with those achieved by the Bloch theory.It is shown that wider and lower frequency bandgaps are formed when the hardening nonlinearity and incident wave intensity increase.Subsequently,the displacement response and transmission performance of nonlinear graded metamaterials with finite length are studied.The dual tunable effects of nonlinearity and gradation on the wave propagation are explored under different excitation frequencies.For small excitation frequencies,the gradient parameter plays a dominant role compared with the nonlinearity.The reason is that the gradient tuning aims at the gradient arrangement of local resonators,which is limited by the critical value of the local resonator mass.In contrast,for larger excitation frequencies,the hardening nonlinearity is dominant and will contribute to the formation of a new bandgap.
