Photonic-plasmonic hybrid microcavities,which possess a higher figure of merit Q/V(the ratio of quality factor to mode volume)than that of pure photonic microcavities or pure plasmonic nano-antennas,play key roles in ...Photonic-plasmonic hybrid microcavities,which possess a higher figure of merit Q/V(the ratio of quality factor to mode volume)than that of pure photonic microcavities or pure plasmonic nano-antennas,play key roles in enhancing light–matter interaction.In this review,we summarize the typical photonic-plasmonic hybrid microcavities,such as photonic crystal microcavities combined with plasmonic nano-antenna,whispering gallery mode microcavities combined with plasmonic nano-antenna,and Fabry–Perot microcavities with plasmonic nano-antenna.The physics and applications of each hybrid photonic-plasmonic system are illustrated.The recent developments of topological photonic crystal microcavities and topological hybrid nano-cavities are also introduced,which demonstrates that topological microcavities can provide a robust platform for the realization of nanophotonic devices.This review can bring comprehensive physical insights of the hybrid system,and reveal that the hybrid system is a good platform for realizing strong light–matter interaction.展开更多
We present the first findings of the new electrically- and optically-detected magnetic resonance technique [ED electron spin resonance (EDESR) and (ODMR)] which reveal single point defects in the ultra-narrow silicon ...We present the first findings of the new electrically- and optically-detected magnetic resonance technique [ED electron spin resonance (EDESR) and (ODMR)] which reveal single point defects in the ultra-narrow silicon quantum wells (Si-QW) confined by the superconductor δ-barriers. This technique allows the ESR identification without the application of the external cavity as well as a high frequency source and recorder, with measuring the only magnetoresistance (EDESR) and transmission (ODMR) spectra within frameworks of the excitonic normal-mode coupling (NMC) caused by the microcavities embedded in the Si-QW plane. The new resonant positive magnetoresistance data are interpreted here in terms of the interference transition in the diffusive transport of free holes respectively between the weak antilocalization regime in the region far from the ESR of a paramagnetic point defect located inside or near the conductive channel and the weak localization regime in the nearest region of the ESR of that defect.展开更多
How to fabricate high-quality microcavities simply and at low cost without causing damage to environmentally sensitive active layers such as perovskites are crucial for the studies of exciton–polaritons,however,it re...How to fabricate high-quality microcavities simply and at low cost without causing damage to environmentally sensitive active layers such as perovskites are crucial for the studies of exciton–polaritons,however,it remains challenging in the field of microcavity fabrication.Usually,once the top mirror is deposited,the detuning of the microcavity is fixed and there is no easy way to tune it.Here,we have developed a method for deterministically transferring silver mirrors,which is relatively simple and guarantees the active layer from damaging of high temperature,particle bombardment,etc.,during the deposition of the top mirror.Furthermore,with the help of a glass probe,we demonstrate a replaceable silver transfer method to tune the detuning of the microcavity,thereby changing the coupling of photons and excitons therein.The developed deterministic and replaceable silver mirror transfer methods will provide the capability to fabricate high-quality and tunable microcavities and play an active role in the development of the exciton–polariton field.展开更多
Optical microcavities have the ability to confne photons in small mode volumes for long periods of time,greatly enhancing light-matter interactions,and have become one of the research hotspots in international academi...Optical microcavities have the ability to confne photons in small mode volumes for long periods of time,greatly enhancing light-matter interactions,and have become one of the research hotspots in international academia.In recent years,sensing applications in complex environments have inspired the development of multimode optical microcavity sensors.These multimode sensors can be used not only for multi-parameter detection but also to improve measurement precision.In this review,we introduce multimode sensing methods based on optical microcavities and present an overview of the multimode single/multi-parameter optical microcavities sensors.Expected further research activities are also put forward.展开更多
Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) were first discovered for sound waves in the whispering gallery of St Paul’s Cathedral and explained by Rayleigh [1] in 1878. In 1961, Garrett et al.[2] applied the concept of WGMs to ...Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) were first discovered for sound waves in the whispering gallery of St Paul’s Cathedral and explained by Rayleigh [1] in 1878. In 1961, Garrett et al.[2] applied the concept of WGMs to optical systems and realized stimulated emissions in Sm2+-doped CaF2 spheres.Since then, WGMs have been widely and intensively studied in a range of micro-sized systems, including microdroplets,microspheres, microtoroids, microdisks, and microtubes.展开更多
Optical microcavities have attracted tremendous interest in both fundamental and applied research in the past few decades, thanks to their small footprint, easy integrability, and high quality factors. Using total int...Optical microcavities have attracted tremendous interest in both fundamental and applied research in the past few decades, thanks to their small footprint, easy integrability, and high quality factors. Using total internal reflection from a dielectric interface or a photonic band gap in a periodic system, these photonic structures do not rely on conventional metal-coated mirrors to confine light in small volumes, which have brought forth new developments in both classical and quantum optics. This focus issue showcases several such developments and related findings, which may pave the way for the next generation of on-chip photonic devices based on microcavities.展开更多
Quantum state transfer in optical microcavities plays an important role in quantum information processing and is essential in many optical devices such as optical frequency converters and diodes.Existing schemes are e...Quantum state transfer in optical microcavities plays an important role in quantum information processing and is essential in many optical devices such as optical frequency converters and diodes.Existing schemes are effective and realized by tuning the coupling strengths between modes.However,such approaches are severely restricted due to the small amount of strength that can be tuned and the difficulty performing the tuning in some situations,such as in an on-chip microcavity system.Here we propose a novel approach that realizes the state transfer between different modes in optical microcavities by tuning the frequency of an intermediate mode.We show that for typical functions of frequency tuning,such as linear and periodic functions,the state transfer can be realized successfully with different features.To optimize the process,we use the gradient descent technique to find an optimal tuning function for a fast and perfect state transfer.We also showed that our approach has significant nonreciprocity with appropriate tuning variables,where one can unidirectionally transfer a state from one mode to another,but the inverse direction transfer is forbidden.This work provides an effective method for controlling the multimode interactions in on-chip optical microcavities via simple operations,and it has practical applications in all-optical devices.展开更多
By overcoming fabrication limitations, we have successfully fabricated silica toroid microcavities with both large diameter(of 1.88 mm) and ultra-high-Q factor(of 3.3 × 10~8) for the first time, to the best of ou...By overcoming fabrication limitations, we have successfully fabricated silica toroid microcavities with both large diameter(of 1.88 mm) and ultra-high-Q factor(of 3.3 × 10~8) for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. By employing these resonators, we have further demonstrated low-threshold Kerr frequency combs on a silicon chip,which allow us to obtain a repetition rate as low as 36 GHz. Such a low repetition rate frequency comb can now bedirectly measured through a commercialized optical-electronic detector.展开更多
This study investigates the properties of exciton-polaritons in a two-dimensional(2D)hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity in the presence of optical Stark effect.Through both steady and dynamic state analys...This study investigates the properties of exciton-polaritons in a two-dimensional(2D)hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity in the presence of optical Stark effect.Through both steady and dynamic state analyses,strong coupling between excitons of perovskite and cavity photons is revealed,indicating the formation of polaritons in the perovskite microcavity.Besides,it is found that an external optical Stark pulse can induce energy shifts of excitons proportional to the pulse intensity,which modifies the dispersion characteristics of the polaritons.展开更多
Optical whispering gallery microcavities with high-quality factors have shown great potential toward achieveing ultrahigh-sensitivity sensing up to a single molecule or nanoparticle, which raises a huge demand on a de...Optical whispering gallery microcavities with high-quality factors have shown great potential toward achieveing ultrahigh-sensitivity sensing up to a single molecule or nanoparticle, which raises a huge demand on a deep theoretical insight into the crucial phenomena such as the mode shift, mode splitting, and mode broadening in sensing experiments. Here we propose an intuitive model to analyze these phenomena from the viewpoint of the nanoparticle-induced multiple scattering of the azimuthally propagating mode(APM). The model unveils explicit relations between these phenomena and the phase change and energy loss of the APM when scattered at the nanoparticle; the model also explains the observed polarization-dependent preservation of one resonance and the particle-dependent redshift or blueshift. The model indicates that the particle-induced coupling between the pair of unperturbed degenerate whispering gallery modes(WGMs) and the coupling between the WGMs and the free-space radiation modes, which are widely adopted in current theoretical formalisms, are realized via the reflection and scattering-induced free-space radiation of the APM, respectively, and additionally exhibits the contribution of cross coupling between the unperturbed WGMs and other different WGMs to forming the splittingresonant modes, especially for large particles.展开更多
We propose a temperature-insensitive refractive index(RI) fiber sensor based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The sensor with high sensitivity and a robust structure is fabricated by splicing a short photonic crysta...We propose a temperature-insensitive refractive index(RI) fiber sensor based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The sensor with high sensitivity and a robust structure is fabricated by splicing a short photonic crystal fiber(PCF) between two single-mode fibers, where two microcavities are formed at both junctions because of the collapse of the PCF air holes. The microcavity with a larger equatorial dimension can excite higher-order cladding modes, so the sensor presents a high RI sensitivity, which can reach 244.16 nm/RIU in the RI range of1.333–1.3778. Meanwhile it has a low temperature sensitivity of 0.005 nm/°C in the range of 33°C–360°C.展开更多
The strong light–matter interaction in ZnO-embedded microcavities has received great attention in recent years,due to its ability to generate the robust bosonic quasiparticles,exciton-polaritons,at or above room temp...The strong light–matter interaction in ZnO-embedded microcavities has received great attention in recent years,due to its ability to generate the robust bosonic quasiparticles,exciton-polaritons,at or above room temperature.This review introduces the strong coupling effect in ZnO-based microcavities and describes the recent progress in this field.In addition,the report contains a systematic analysis of the room-temperature strong-coupling effects from relaxation to polariton lasing.The stable room temperature operation of polaritonic effects in a ZnO microcavity promises a wide range of practical applications in the future,such as ultra-low power consumption coherent light emitters in the ultraviolet region,polaritonic transport,and other fundamental of quantum optics in solid-state systems.展开更多
Zinc oxide(ZnO)optical microcavity modulated UV lasers have been attracting a wide range of research interests.As one of the most important materials in developing high quality microcavity and efficient UV evisible op...Zinc oxide(ZnO)optical microcavity modulated UV lasers have been attracting a wide range of research interests.As one of the most important materials in developing high quality microcavity and efficient UV evisible optoelectronic devices due to its wide band gap(3.37 eV)and large exciton binding energy(~60 meV).In this review,we summarized the latest development of ZnO optical cavity based microlasers,mainly including Fabry-Perot mode lasers and whispering gallery mode lasers.The synthesis and optical studies of ZnO optical microcavities with different morphologies were discussed in detail.Finally,we also consider that the research focus in the near future would include new nanotechnology and physical effects,such as nano/micro fabrication,surface plasmon enhancement,and quantum dot coupling,which may result in new and interesting physical phenomena.展开更多
An effective way to fabricate high-quality(Q)silicon microcavities on-chip is proposed and studied.Our fabrication technique consists of two significant steps:(1)patterning a special silicon micro-pillar by Bosch proc...An effective way to fabricate high-quality(Q)silicon microcavities on-chip is proposed and studied.Our fabrication technique consists of two significant steps:(1)patterning a special silicon micro-pillar by Bosch processes and(2)subsequent reflow of the pillar into a spherical-like microcavity using a laser pulse at 532 nm.Its shape and surface roughness are characterized using a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope.The root-mean-square roughness of the surface is about 0.6 nm.A representative value for the loaded Q-factors of our silicon spherical-like microcavities is on the order of 10^(5).展开更多
We designed and fabricated a smart microcavity sensor with a vertically coupled structure on the end face of a multi-core fiber using two-photon lithography technology. The influence of gap in vertical coupling struct...We designed and fabricated a smart microcavity sensor with a vertically coupled structure on the end face of a multi-core fiber using two-photon lithography technology. The influence of gap in vertical coupling structure on the resonance characteristics of bonding and anti-bonding modes in the transmission spectrum was studied through simulation and experiments. The results indicate that the bonding and anti-bonding modes generated by the vertical coupling of the two microcavities, as well as the changes in the radius and refractive index of the micro-toroid, and the distance between the microcavities caused by the absorption of vapor during the gas sensing process, exhibit different wavelength shifts for the two resonant modes. Smart microcavity sensors exhibit sensitivity and sensing characteristics. .展开更多
Vertical cavity surface emitting laser(VCSELs)as the ideal light source for rubidium(Rb)and cesium(Cs)atomic clocks is analyzed for its mode and polarization control.We fabricated three kinds of shapes:triangular,elli...Vertical cavity surface emitting laser(VCSELs)as the ideal light source for rubidium(Rb)and cesium(Cs)atomic clocks is analyzed for its mode and polarization control.We fabricated three kinds of shapes:triangular,elliptic,and circular oxidation apertures which also have different sizes.We formed three different shape oxide apertures by wetoxidation with 36μm-39μm circular mesa.Our results show that triangular oxidized-VCSEL has the advantages of mode and polarization selection over elliptic and circular oxide apertures.When triangular oxide-confined VCSELs emit in single mode,the measured side mode suppression ratio(SMSR)is larger than 20 d B and orthogonal polarization suppression ratio achieves 10 d B.Resonant blueshift of VCSELs with triangular and elliptic apertures is observed with the decrease of aperture size.展开更多
High-fidelity quantum logic gates are essential in quantum computation,and both photons and electron spins in quantum dots(QDs)have their own unique advantages in implementing quantum computation.It is of critical sig...High-fidelity quantum logic gates are essential in quantum computation,and both photons and electron spins in quantum dots(QDs)have their own unique advantages in implementing quantum computation.It is of critical significance to achieve high-fidelity quantum gates for photon-QD hybrid systems.Here,we propose two schemes for implementing high-fidelity universal quantum gates including Toffoli gate and Fredkin gate for photon-QD hybrid systems,utilizing the practical scattering of a single photon off a QD-cavity system.The computation errors from the imperfections involved in the practical scattering are detected and prevented from arising in the final results of the two gates.Accordingly,the unity fidelity of each quantum gate is obtained in the nearly realistic condition,and the requirement for experimental realization is relaxed.Furthermore,the quantum circuits for the two gates are compact and no auxiliary qubits are required,which would also be the advantages regarding their experimental feasibility.These features indicate that our schemes may be useful in the practical quantum computation tasks.展开更多
Aluminum nitride(AlN)has attracted a great amount of interest due to the fact that these group III–V semiconductors present direct band gap behavior and are compatible with current micro-electro-mechanical systems.In...Aluminum nitride(AlN)has attracted a great amount of interest due to the fact that these group III–V semiconductors present direct band gap behavior and are compatible with current micro-electro-mechanical systems.In this work,three dimensional(3D)AlN architectures including tubes and helices were constructed by rolling up AlN nanomembranes grown on a silicon-on-insulator wafer via magnetron sputtering.The properties of the AlN membrane were characterized through transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The thickness of AlN nanomembranes could be tuned via the RIE thinning method,and thus micro-tubes with different diameters were fabricated.The intrinsic strain in AlN membranes was investigated via micro-Raman spectroscopy,which agrees well with theory prediction.Whispering gallery mode was observed in AlN tubular optical microcavity in photoluminescence spectrum.A postprocess involving atomic layer deposition and R6G immersion were employed on as-fabricated AlN tubes to promote the Q-factor.The AlN tubular micro-resonators could offer a novel design route for Si-based integrated light sources.In addition,the rolled-up technology paves a new way for AlN 3D structure fabrication,which is promising for AlN application in MEMS and photonics fields.展开更多
In recent years, there have been a significant number of demonstrations of small metallic and plasmonic lasers. The vast majority of these demonstrations have been for optically pumped devices. Electrically pumped dev...In recent years, there have been a significant number of demonstrations of small metallic and plasmonic lasers. The vast majority of these demonstrations have been for optically pumped devices. Electrically pumped devices are advantageous for applications and could demonstrate concepts not amenable for optical pumping. However, there have been relatively few demonstrations of electrically pumped small metal cavity lasers. This lack of results is due to the following reasons: there are limited types of electrically pumped gain media available; there is a significantly greater level of complexity required in the fabrication of electrically pumped devices; finally, the required components for electrical pumping restrict cavity design options and furthermore make it intrinsically more difficult to achieve lasing. This review looks at the motivation for electrically pumped nanolasers, the key issues that need addressing for them to be realized, the results that have been achieved so far including devices where lasing has not been achieved, and potential new directions that could be pursued.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91850117 and 11654003)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars
文摘Photonic-plasmonic hybrid microcavities,which possess a higher figure of merit Q/V(the ratio of quality factor to mode volume)than that of pure photonic microcavities or pure plasmonic nano-antennas,play key roles in enhancing light–matter interaction.In this review,we summarize the typical photonic-plasmonic hybrid microcavities,such as photonic crystal microcavities combined with plasmonic nano-antenna,whispering gallery mode microcavities combined with plasmonic nano-antenna,and Fabry–Perot microcavities with plasmonic nano-antenna.The physics and applications of each hybrid photonic-plasmonic system are illustrated.The recent developments of topological photonic crystal microcavities and topological hybrid nano-cavities are also introduced,which demonstrates that topological microcavities can provide a robust platform for the realization of nanophotonic devices.This review can bring comprehensive physical insights of the hybrid system,and reveal that the hybrid system is a good platform for realizing strong light–matter interaction.
文摘We present the first findings of the new electrically- and optically-detected magnetic resonance technique [ED electron spin resonance (EDESR) and (ODMR)] which reveal single point defects in the ultra-narrow silicon quantum wells (Si-QW) confined by the superconductor δ-barriers. This technique allows the ESR identification without the application of the external cavity as well as a high frequency source and recorder, with measuring the only magnetoresistance (EDESR) and transmission (ODMR) spectra within frameworks of the excitonic normal-mode coupling (NMC) caused by the microcavities embedded in the Si-QW plane. The new resonant positive magnetoresistance data are interpreted here in terms of the interference transition in the diffusive transport of free holes respectively between the weak antilocalization regime in the region far from the ESR of a paramagnetic point defect located inside or near the conductive channel and the weak localization regime in the nearest region of the ESR of that defect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61875001)and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.JQ21018)W.B.acknowledge support from National Science Foundation(Award No.DMR-2143041)T.T.acknowledges support from the JSPS KAKENHI(Grant Nos.19H05790 and 20H00354)and A3 Foresight by JSPS.
文摘How to fabricate high-quality microcavities simply and at low cost without causing damage to environmentally sensitive active layers such as perovskites are crucial for the studies of exciton–polaritons,however,it remains challenging in the field of microcavity fabrication.Usually,once the top mirror is deposited,the detuning of the microcavity is fixed and there is no easy way to tune it.Here,we have developed a method for deterministically transferring silver mirrors,which is relatively simple and guarantees the active layer from damaging of high temperature,particle bombardment,etc.,during the deposition of the top mirror.Furthermore,with the help of a glass probe,we demonstrate a replaceable silver transfer method to tune the detuning of the microcavity,thereby changing the coupling of photons and excitons therein.The developed deterministic and replaceable silver mirror transfer methods will provide the capability to fabricate high-quality and tunable microcavities and play an active role in the development of the exciton–polariton field.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974058,61307050,and 61701271)the Beijing Nova Program(No.Z201100006820125)+2 种基金Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission,in part by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.Z210004)the Shandong Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2016AM27)the State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications(No.IPOC2021ZT01),BUPT,China.
文摘Optical microcavities have the ability to confne photons in small mode volumes for long periods of time,greatly enhancing light-matter interactions,and have become one of the research hotspots in international academia.In recent years,sensing applications in complex environments have inspired the development of multimode optical microcavity sensors.These multimode sensors can be used not only for multi-parameter detection but also to improve measurement precision.In this review,we introduce multimode sensing methods based on optical microcavities and present an overview of the multimode single/multi-parameter optical microcavities sensors.Expected further research activities are also put forward.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Projects(Grant No.JCYJ20160427183259083)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91850204)the Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory on Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Devices
文摘Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) were first discovered for sound waves in the whispering gallery of St Paul’s Cathedral and explained by Rayleigh [1] in 1878. In 1961, Garrett et al.[2] applied the concept of WGMs to optical systems and realized stimulated emissions in Sm2+-doped CaF2 spheres.Since then, WGMs have been widely and intensively studied in a range of micro-sized systems, including microdroplets,microspheres, microtoroids, microdisks, and microtubes.
文摘Optical microcavities have attracted tremendous interest in both fundamental and applied research in the past few decades, thanks to their small footprint, easy integrability, and high quality factors. Using total internal reflection from a dielectric interface or a photonic band gap in a periodic system, these photonic structures do not rely on conventional metal-coated mirrors to confine light in small volumes, which have brought forth new developments in both classical and quantum optics. This focus issue showcases several such developments and related findings, which may pave the way for the next generation of on-chip photonic devices based on microcavities.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61727801)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0303700)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M6506202019M660605)Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip。
文摘Quantum state transfer in optical microcavities plays an important role in quantum information processing and is essential in many optical devices such as optical frequency converters and diodes.Existing schemes are effective and realized by tuning the coupling strengths between modes.However,such approaches are severely restricted due to the small amount of strength that can be tuned and the difficulty performing the tuning in some situations,such as in an on-chip microcavity system.Here we propose a novel approach that realizes the state transfer between different modes in optical microcavities by tuning the frequency of an intermediate mode.We show that for typical functions of frequency tuning,such as linear and periodic functions,the state transfer can be realized successfully with different features.To optimize the process,we use the gradient descent technique to find an optimal tuning function for a fast and perfect state transfer.We also showed that our approach has significant nonreciprocity with appropriate tuning variables,where one can unidirectionally transfer a state from one mode to another,but the inverse direction transfer is forbidden.This work provides an effective method for controlling the multimode interactions in on-chip optical microcavities via simple operations,and it has practical applications in all-optical devices.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0303703,2016YFA0302500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61435007,11574144,61475099)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20150015)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(021314380086)
文摘By overcoming fabrication limitations, we have successfully fabricated silica toroid microcavities with both large diameter(of 1.88 mm) and ultra-high-Q factor(of 3.3 × 10~8) for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. By employing these resonators, we have further demonstrated low-threshold Kerr frequency combs on a silicon chip,which allow us to obtain a repetition rate as low as 36 GHz. Such a low repetition rate frequency comb can now bedirectly measured through a commercialized optical-electronic detector.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974071 and 62375040)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.2022ZYD0108 and 2023JDRC0030).
文摘This study investigates the properties of exciton-polaritons in a two-dimensional(2D)hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite microcavity in the presence of optical Stark effect.Through both steady and dynamic state analyses,strong coupling between excitons of perovskite and cavity photons is revealed,indicating the formation of polaritons in the perovskite microcavity.Besides,it is found that an external optical Stark pulse can induce energy shifts of excitons proportional to the pulse intensity,which modifies the dispersion characteristics of the polaritons.
基金National Key Basic Research Program of China(2013CB328701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61322508,11504270)
文摘Optical whispering gallery microcavities with high-quality factors have shown great potential toward achieveing ultrahigh-sensitivity sensing up to a single molecule or nanoparticle, which raises a huge demand on a deep theoretical insight into the crucial phenomena such as the mode shift, mode splitting, and mode broadening in sensing experiments. Here we propose an intuitive model to analyze these phenomena from the viewpoint of the nanoparticle-induced multiple scattering of the azimuthally propagating mode(APM). The model unveils explicit relations between these phenomena and the phase change and energy loss of the APM when scattered at the nanoparticle; the model also explains the observed polarization-dependent preservation of one resonance and the particle-dependent redshift or blueshift. The model indicates that the particle-induced coupling between the pair of unperturbed degenerate whispering gallery modes(WGMs) and the coupling between the WGMs and the free-space radiation modes, which are widely adopted in current theoretical formalisms, are realized via the reflection and scattering-induced free-space radiation of the APM, respectively, and additionally exhibits the contribution of cross coupling between the unperturbed WGMs and other different WGMs to forming the splittingresonant modes, especially for large particles.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (MOST) (No. 2015AA043504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Nos. 91323301 and 51575053)
文摘We propose a temperature-insensitive refractive index(RI) fiber sensor based on a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The sensor with high sensitivity and a robust structure is fabricated by splicing a short photonic crystal fiber(PCF) between two single-mode fibers, where two microcavities are formed at both junctions because of the collapse of the PCF air holes. The microcavity with a larger equatorial dimension can excite higher-order cladding modes, so the sensor presents a high RI sensitivity, which can reach 244.16 nm/RIU in the RI range of1.333–1.3778. Meanwhile it has a low temperature sensitivity of 0.005 nm/°C in the range of 33°C–360°C.
基金This work has been supported by the NSC in Taiwan under contract NSC 100-2628-E-009-013-MY3.
文摘The strong light–matter interaction in ZnO-embedded microcavities has received great attention in recent years,due to its ability to generate the robust bosonic quasiparticles,exciton-polaritons,at or above room temperature.This review introduces the strong coupling effect in ZnO-based microcavities and describes the recent progress in this field.In addition,the report contains a systematic analysis of the room-temperature strong-coupling effects from relaxation to polariton lasing.The stable room temperature operation of polaritonic effects in a ZnO microcavity promises a wide range of practical applications in the future,such as ultra-low power consumption coherent light emitters in the ultraviolet region,polaritonic transport,and other fundamental of quantum optics in solid-state systems.
基金This work was supported financially by the NSFC(61378074,61475173,61675219)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS.
文摘Zinc oxide(ZnO)optical microcavity modulated UV lasers have been attracting a wide range of research interests.As one of the most important materials in developing high quality microcavity and efficient UV evisible optoelectronic devices due to its wide band gap(3.37 eV)and large exciton binding energy(~60 meV).In this review,we summarized the latest development of ZnO optical cavity based microlasers,mainly including Fabry-Perot mode lasers and whispering gallery mode lasers.The synthesis and optical studies of ZnO optical microcavities with different morphologies were discussed in detail.Finally,we also consider that the research focus in the near future would include new nanotechnology and physical effects,such as nano/micro fabrication,surface plasmon enhancement,and quantum dot coupling,which may result in new and interesting physical phenomena.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Key Research and Development Program(No.2021C01188)the start-up funding from ShanghaiTech Universitythe Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017SHZDZX03)。
文摘An effective way to fabricate high-quality(Q)silicon microcavities on-chip is proposed and studied.Our fabrication technique consists of two significant steps:(1)patterning a special silicon micro-pillar by Bosch processes and(2)subsequent reflow of the pillar into a spherical-like microcavity using a laser pulse at 532 nm.Its shape and surface roughness are characterized using a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope.The root-mean-square roughness of the surface is about 0.6 nm.A representative value for the loaded Q-factors of our silicon spherical-like microcavities is on the order of 10^(5).
文摘We designed and fabricated a smart microcavity sensor with a vertically coupled structure on the end face of a multi-core fiber using two-photon lithography technology. The influence of gap in vertical coupling structure on the resonance characteristics of bonding and anti-bonding modes in the transmission spectrum was studied through simulation and experiments. The results indicate that the bonding and anti-bonding modes generated by the vertical coupling of the two microcavities, as well as the changes in the radius and refractive index of the micro-toroid, and the distance between the microcavities caused by the absorption of vapor during the gas sensing process, exhibit different wavelength shifts for the two resonant modes. Smart microcavity sensors exhibit sensitivity and sensing characteristics. .
文摘Vertical cavity surface emitting laser(VCSELs)as the ideal light source for rubidium(Rb)and cesium(Cs)atomic clocks is analyzed for its mode and polarization control.We fabricated three kinds of shapes:triangular,elliptic,and circular oxidation apertures which also have different sizes.We formed three different shape oxide apertures by wetoxidation with 36μm-39μm circular mesa.Our results show that triangular oxidized-VCSEL has the advantages of mode and polarization selection over elliptic and circular oxide apertures.When triangular oxide-confined VCSELs emit in single mode,the measured side mode suppression ratio(SMSR)is larger than 20 d B and orthogonal polarization suppression ratio achieves 10 d B.Resonant blueshift of VCSELs with triangular and elliptic apertures is observed with the decrease of aperture size.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12004029).
文摘High-fidelity quantum logic gates are essential in quantum computation,and both photons and electron spins in quantum dots(QDs)have their own unique advantages in implementing quantum computation.It is of critical significance to achieve high-fidelity quantum gates for photon-QD hybrid systems.Here,we propose two schemes for implementing high-fidelity universal quantum gates including Toffoli gate and Fredkin gate for photon-QD hybrid systems,utilizing the practical scattering of a single photon off a QD-cavity system.The computation errors from the imperfections involved in the practical scattering are detected and prevented from arising in the final results of the two gates.Accordingly,the unity fidelity of each quantum gate is obtained in the nearly realistic condition,and the requirement for experimental realization is relaxed.Furthermore,the quantum circuits for the two gates are compact and no auxiliary qubits are required,which would also be the advantages regarding their experimental feasibility.These features indicate that our schemes may be useful in the practical quantum computation tasks.
基金This work is partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （11774102）, the Scientific Research Funds and Promotion Program for Young and Middle-aged Teacher in Science ＆ Technology Research of Huaqiao University （ZQN-YXS04, 17BS412）, Open Fund of IPOC （BUPT）, National Research Foundation Singapore （NRF） （NRF-CRP13-2014-05）, European Union＇s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement （No. 798916） and Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1 （RG89/16）.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61905270,51961145108)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(19ZR1467100)+1 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(17JC1401700)the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(19XD1400600).
文摘Aluminum nitride(AlN)has attracted a great amount of interest due to the fact that these group III–V semiconductors present direct band gap behavior and are compatible with current micro-electro-mechanical systems.In this work,three dimensional(3D)AlN architectures including tubes and helices were constructed by rolling up AlN nanomembranes grown on a silicon-on-insulator wafer via magnetron sputtering.The properties of the AlN membrane were characterized through transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The thickness of AlN nanomembranes could be tuned via the RIE thinning method,and thus micro-tubes with different diameters were fabricated.The intrinsic strain in AlN membranes was investigated via micro-Raman spectroscopy,which agrees well with theory prediction.Whispering gallery mode was observed in AlN tubular optical microcavity in photoluminescence spectrum.A postprocess involving atomic layer deposition and R6G immersion were employed on as-fabricated AlN tubes to promote the Q-factor.The AlN tubular micro-resonators could offer a novel design route for Si-based integrated light sources.In addition,the rolled-up technology paves a new way for AlN 3D structure fabrication,which is promising for AlN application in MEMS and photonics fields.
基金Project supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship Grant
文摘In recent years, there have been a significant number of demonstrations of small metallic and plasmonic lasers. The vast majority of these demonstrations have been for optically pumped devices. Electrically pumped devices are advantageous for applications and could demonstrate concepts not amenable for optical pumping. However, there have been relatively few demonstrations of electrically pumped small metal cavity lasers. This lack of results is due to the following reasons: there are limited types of electrically pumped gain media available; there is a significantly greater level of complexity required in the fabrication of electrically pumped devices; finally, the required components for electrical pumping restrict cavity design options and furthermore make it intrinsically more difficult to achieve lasing. This review looks at the motivation for electrically pumped nanolasers, the key issues that need addressing for them to be realized, the results that have been achieved so far including devices where lasing has not been achieved, and potential new directions that could be pursued.
