AIM： To examine matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2） expression in gastric cancer tissues and to evaluate its relationship with lymph node micrometastasis. MATERIALS： The authors studied 850 lymph nodes resected fro...AIM： To examine matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2） expression in gastric cancer tissues and to evaluate its relationship with lymph node micrometastasis. MATERIALS： The authors studied 850 lymph nodes resected from 30 patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent gastrectomy with lymphadenetomy using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） assay in addition to H-E staining. MMP-2 expression of the tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemical technique （EliVision^TM plus）. RESULTS： MMP-2 expression was positive in 21 （70%） cases and negative in g （30%） cases. No significant correlations were found between MMP-2 expression and other variables such as age, gender, tumor location, tumor diameter, Lauren classification and lymphatic invasion. In contrast, MMP-2 expression correlated significantly with depth of tumor infiltration （P = 0.022）, lymph node metastasis （P = 0.030） and tumor differentiation （P = 0.043）. Lymph node micrometastases were detected in 77 （12.5%） lymph nodes of 14 （46.7%） gastric carcinoma patients. MMP-2 expression was positive in 12 （85.7%） of the 14 patients with lymph node micrometastasis, and in g （56.3%） of the 16 patients without lymph node micrometastasis （P = 0.118）. CONCLUSIONS： Our results demonstrate that MMP-2 expression has significant correlation with tumor invasion, tumor differentiation and lymph node metastases. MMP-2 expression may be an important biological characteristics and significant prognostic parameter of gastric carcinoma. We also conclude that MMP-2 may participate in the development of lymph node micrometastasis of gastric carcinoma. Further investigations are needed to draw a conclusion.展开更多
AIM: To examine the expression of E-cadherin in the primary tumor and to evaluate its relationship with lymph node micrometastasis (LNM).METHODS: The authors studied 850 lymph nodes resected from 30 patients with gast...AIM: To examine the expression of E-cadherin in the primary tumor and to evaluate its relationship with lymph node micrometastasis (LNM).METHODS: The authors studied 850 lymph nodes resected from 30 patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay in addition to H&E staining. Cytokeratin-20 (CK-20)gene marker was used in this assay. The level of E-cadherin expression in the primary tumor was examined by immunochemical technique (EliVisionTM plus).RESULTS: LNM was detected in 77 (12.5%) lymph nodes of 14 patients (46.7%) with gastric carcinoma. The incidence of LNM was significantly higher in the diffuse type (12 of 19 cases, 63.2%) than in the intestinal type of gastric carcinoma (2 of 11 cases, 18.2%, P = 0.026). The incidence of LNM also increased in accordance with the depth of tumor invasion. The loss of expression of E cadherin in primary tumors was found in 14 (46.7) of 30 tumors. The absence of E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with the Lauren classification (P = 0.026), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.011), the grade of differentiation (P = 0.004) and the lymphatic invasion (P = 0.001). Expression of E-cadherin was negative in 10 (71.4%) of the 14 patients with LNM, and in 4 (25%) of the 16 patients without LNM (P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: The current results indicate that the RT PCR assay is useful for the detection of LNM and can significantly increase the detection rate of lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric carcinoma. The Laurenclassification and depth of tumor invasion are significantlyassociated with lymph node micrometastases. Our findings also indicate that E-cadherin may play an important role in determining the growth type and differentiation of gastric carcinoma. The loss of E-cadherin expression may contribute to LNM.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the reverse transcriptase-PCR assay and multiple sampling for detection of cytokeratin-positive cells in peripheral blood of colorectal carcinoma patients and to investigate the clinical significance ...AIM: To evaluate the reverse transcriptase-PCR assay and multiple sampling for detection of cytokeratin-positive cells in peripheral blood of colorectal carcinoma patients and to investigate the clinical significance of micrometastasis in peripheral blood.METHODS: The expression of CK20 mRNA by RT-PCR was investigated in bone marrow, portal vein and peripheral blood in 58 colorectal cancer patients and 12 controls without known cancer. The peripheral blood was sampled twice at intervals of 3 d before operation. All the patients were followed up for one year.RESULTS: There was no positive expression of CK20mRNA in 12 volunteers. The positive expression of CK20mRNA was 77.6% (45/58) in bone marrow, and that in portal vein was 74.1% (43/58) of colorectal carcinoma patients.The positive expression of CK20mRNA cells in peripheral blood rose from 44.8% (26/58) to 69.0% (40/58) (P＜0.01).The total positivity of CK20mRNA expression in peripheral blood was similar to the positivity of CK20mRNA in bone marrow and portal vein. The positive rates became higher in later clinical stages than in early stages. The CK20mRNA positive patients had a higher relapse rate within one year than the CK20mRNA negative patients.CONCLUSION: Multiple blood sampling can increase the detection of tumor cells in peripheral blood by RT-PCR for CK20mRNA in colorectal carcinoma patients and it is as sensitive and specific as that of bone marrow and portal vein. This technique may be reliable and convenient to diagnose micrometastasis of colorectal carcinoma and has an important significance in determining the prognosis of cancer patients.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the value and prospect of RT-PCR in detecting micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes of gastric cancer. METHODS： Histopathology was used and K19 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR in tumor t...AIM： To investigate the value and prospect of RT-PCR in detecting micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes of gastric cancer. METHODS： Histopathology was used and K19 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR in tumor tissues and lymph nodes from gastric cancer patients undergoing radical resection of gastric carcinoma. RESULTS： K19 mRNA was expressed in all tumor specimens of 30 cases; of the 126 lymph nodes, 26 were histopathologically positive （20.6%）, and 42 positive （33.3%） by RT-PCR. Amplification fragments of 460 and 540 bp were shown in all the tumor tissues and metastatic lymph nodes after K19 and β-actin RT-PCR, while only a 540 bp fragment appeared in the lymph nodes of non-tumor patients. CONCLUSION： K19 mRNA RT-PCR is sensitive and specific in testing micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes of gastric cancer, and it is superior to routine histopathology.展开更多
AIM- To immunohistochemicaUy examine micrometastasis and VEGF-C expression in hilar bile duct carcinoma （HBDC） and to evaluate the clinical significance of the results. METHODS： A total of 361 regional lymph nodes ...AIM- To immunohistochemicaUy examine micrometastasis and VEGF-C expression in hilar bile duct carcinoma （HBDC） and to evaluate the clinical significance of the results. METHODS： A total of 361 regional lymph nodes from 25 patients with node-negative HBDC were immunostained with an antibody against cytokeratins 8 and 18 （CAM 5.2）, and immunohistochemical staining of VEGF-C was performed in 34 primary resected tumors. RESULTS： Lymph node micrometastasis was detected in 6 （24%） of the 25 patients and 10 （2.8%） of the 361 lymph nodes. Patients with micrometastasis showed significantly poorer survival rates than those without （P= 0.025）. VEGF-C expression was positive in 17 （50%） of 34 HBDC, and significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis （P=0.042） and microscopic venous invasion （P=0.035）. CONCLUSIONS： It is suggested that immunohistochemically detected lymph node micrometastasis has an impact on the outcome of HBDC. VEGF-C expression is highly correlated with lymph node metastasis in HBDC and might therefore be a useful predictor.展开更多
Advances in molecular diagnostic tools have allowed the identification of lymph node micrometastasis(LNM),including isolated tumor cells,in cancer patients. While immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymer...Advances in molecular diagnostic tools have allowed the identification of lymph node micrometastasis(LNM),including isolated tumor cells,in cancer patients. While immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction have been used to identify LNM in patients with gastric cancer,the clinical significance of this finding remains unclear. Recently,minimally invasive treatments,such as endoscopic submucosal dissection and laparoscopic surgery,are widely performed to help improve postsurgical quality of life(QOL). However,it is important to maintain the balance between QOL and curability when making treatments decision for patients with gastric cancer. If minimally invasive surgery based on accurate intraoperative LNM diagnosis was established,it could be performed safely. Therefore,we reviewed the clinical significance of LNM detected by molecular techniques as an important target for treatment decision making with gastric cancer patients.展开更多
To examine the relationship between the levels of the serum vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and the micrometastasis of peripheral blood in patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, 108 NSCLC pati...To examine the relationship between the levels of the serum vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and the micrometastasis of peripheral blood in patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, 108 NSCLC patients, including 40 patients with benign lung diseases and 30 healthy controls, were investigated. The serum VEGF levels were detected by ELISA and CK19 mRNA in peripheral blood by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. In NSCLC group, the serum VEGF levels and the positive rate of CK19 mRNA in peripheral blood were 479.8±268.5 pg/mL and 66.7%, which were significantly higher than those of the other two groups respectively （P〈0.01）, and both of them were increased significantly with the progression of clinical stage of the tumors （P〈0.01）. Serum VEGF levels as well as the positive rate of CK19 mRNA in different pathological types of lung cancer had no significant differences （P〉0.05）. Serum VEGF levels in the patients positive for CK19 mRNA was 561.7±325.6 pg/mL. It is significantly higher than that in the negative patients （P〈0.01）. There existed a significant correlation between serum VEGF levels and expression of CK19 mRNA in peripheral blood in NSCLC patients （P〈0.001）. The detection of serum VEGF levels and CK19 mRNA in peripheral blood is helpful in judging the condition and the prognosis of NSCLC patients, and serum VEGF levels and CK19 mRNA are independent of the pathological types of lung cancer. The micrometastasis in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients is significantly associated with serum VEGF levels.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between multimarker detection of MAGE-1,MAGE-3 and AFP mRNAs in the peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and micrometastasis using a realtime quantitative-PC...OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between multimarker detection of MAGE-1,MAGE-3 and AFP mRNAs in the peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and micrometastasis using a realtime quantitative-PCR(real-time Q-PCR)assay. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were obtained from control subjects and 86 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Real-time Q-PCR was used to detect MAGE-1,MAGE-3, and AFP mRNAs in the blood cells. RESULTS In 86 tumor specimens,the positivity for MAGE-1, MAGE-3,and AFP genes was respectively 34.9%(30/86),60.5% (52/86)and 69.8%(60/86).All specimens expressed at least one marker.MAGE-1,MAGE-3,and AFP transcripts were detected respectively in 12(14.0%),18(20.1%)and 29(33.7%)of the 86 blood specimens from hepatocellular carcinoma patients,while 45 specimens(52.3%)were positive for at least one marker.In addition,MAGE-1,MAGE-3 and AFP gene transcripts were not detected in any peripheral blood specimens from 25 chronic liver disease patients and 28 normal healthy volunteers.The positive rate correlated with the TNM clinical stages,extrahepatic metastasis and portal vein carcinothrombosis(P<0.05).No correlation was found between tumor size,tumor number, differentiation,serum a-fetoprotein(AFP)and the positive rate. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that a multimarker real- time Q-PCR assay with cancer-specific markers such as MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 in combination with a hepatocyte-specific AFP marker may be a promising diagnostic tool for monitoring hepatocellular carcinoma patients with better sensitivity and specificity.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effect of immune function on lymph node micrometastasis in esophageal cancer patients by the research on the correlation between immune function and micrometastasis. Methods: Ratios of T-lymp...Objective: To explore the effect of immune function on lymph node micrometastasis in esophageal cancer patients by the research on the correlation between immune function and micrometastasis. Methods: Ratios of T-lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ in peripheral blood were examined by flow cytometry, but no lymph node with metastatic cancer cells was observed in middle thoracic esophageal squamous carcinoma patients by routine pathological examination. The patients were divided into 2 groups with or without micrometastasis to detect micrometastasis by immunohistochemical method, and T-lymphocyte subsets levels were compared between the 2 groups. Results: CD3+ and CD4+ T-lymphocytes levels of the group with micrometastasis were significantly lower than those of the group without micrometastasis, while CD8+ level of the group with micrometastasis was significantly higher than that of the group without micrometastasis. Conclusion: T-lymphocyte subset is closely relative with micrometastasis, and prognosis of the patients with low CD3+ and CD4+ levels but high CD8+ T-lymphocytes is comparatively poor.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate the detection of sentinel lymphnode (SLN) micrometastasis (MM) and the clinical significancein patients with Dukes-B colorectal carcinoma (CRC) using H&Estained slides.METHODS In a prospec...OBJECTIVE To investigate the detection of sentinel lymphnode (SLN) micrometastasis (MM) and the clinical significancein patients with Dukes-B colorectal carcinoma (CRC) using H&Estained slides.METHODS In a prospective study of 64 patients with Dukes-BCRC undergoing radical surgery,routine H&E staining combinedwith the immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect theexpression of the cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and telomerase (TLMA)in 122 SLNs from 61 of the 64 cases.During a 3-year follow up,the patients'clinicopathologic parameters data,survival and theirrelationship were collected and analyzed.RESULTS i) In 6 out of the 61 cases with successful mapping,9SLNs were positive after routine detection using H&E staining.ii) In the other 55 with negative results from H&E staining,thepositive rate of CK20 expression was 27.3% (15/55),and thepositive rate of TLMA 21.8% (12/55),after immunohistochemicalexamination (IHC) on the SLN.iii) Detection by combining the 2methods showed that the micrometastasis rate was 38.2% (21/55).iv) The recurrence or metastasis rate of CRC was significantlyhigher in the Dukes-B patients with sentinel lymph nodemicrometastasis (SLNMM) (+) than in those with SLNMM (-)(P<0.05),and simultaneously,the survival rate decreased by alarge margin in the patients with SLNMM (+),compared to thosewith SLNMM (-) (P<0.05).There were significant differences inthe recurrence or metastasis rate of cancer and the survival ratebetween the Dukes-B patients with SLNMM (-) and the Dukes-Cpatients (P<0.05).CONCLUSION Examination of anti-CK20 and anti-TLMA usingimmunohistochemical staining can be used to detect SLNMM,andthe combined examination of the 2 can increase the detection rate.The detection of SLNMM can precisely determine the Dukes stageof colorectal carcinoma,which is of help in directing postoperativeadjunctive therapy and in assessing prognosis.展开更多
Tumor dissemination to distant organ is the main cause of death. Therefore there is urgent need to set up sensitive methods for early detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in ...Tumor dissemination to distant organ is the main cause of death. Therefore there is urgent need to set up sensitive methods for early detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) specimens of breast cancer patients. We aim to detect MUC2 mRNA positive cells in PB and BM of breast cancer patients;to relate this to patient relapse. In this study to detect MUC2 mRNA positive cells (tumor marker), PB and BM samples were collected from 50 breast cancer patients after operation and before adjuvant therapy with 20 PB from healthy individuals as negative controls. Chi-square test was used to analyze data. MUC2 mRNA by using Real-time PCR was detected in 9 (18%) of PB and in 10 (20%) of BM samples and none of the healthy individuals. The relapse rate among MUC2-positive patients was significance in BM (P < 0.004) and MUC2-positive patients had a shorter disease free survival than the negative patients in BM samples (p < 0.05). This study shows MUC2 can be a suitable marker for detection of micrometastasis in breast cancer patients at early stages of cancer.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lymph node micrometastasis on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer and the necessity of integrating it into the gastric cancer staging system.M...Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lymph node micrometastasis on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer and the necessity of integrating it into the gastric cancer staging system.Methods In total,241 patients with gastric cancer were included.Hematoxylin and eosin staining of lymph nodes was performed,and negative lymph nodes were evaluated by immunohistochemistry to detect micrometastases.Differences in survival rates between stages were evaluated.Results(1)A total of 78 patients(32.4%)had lymph node micrometastases.Compared with the group without micrometastases,the overall recurrence rate,lymph infiltration,vascular invasion,and nerve invasion rate in the micrometastasis group were significantly higher(P<0.05).(2)According to the standard N staging system,the rates of disease-free survival(DFS)for the N0,N1,N2,N3a,and N3b groups were 96.0%,84.0%,67.6%,59.0%,and 21.7%,respectively.There was no significant difference in survival between N2 and N3a.The cumulative survival curves for N2 and N3a intersected.(3)The N stage of 38 patients(15.8%)differed between the traditional system and the new N staging system reflecting micrometastasis.The DFS for N0,N1,N2,N3a,and N3b were 97.0%,86.3%,74.2%,65.4%,and 29.2%,respectively.There was no significant difference in survival between N2 and N3a,but the cumulative survival curves for N2 and N3a did not intersect.(4)Based on a Cox multivariate analysis,various independent risk factors for recurrence were identified(P<0.05).Conclusion Lymph node micrometastasis is an important risk factor for gastric cancer recurrence.Lymph node micrometastasis should be considered in TNM staging to determine prognosis and optimal treatment strategies.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of No.12 lymph node micrometastasis in patients with gastric cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.Methods A cohort of 1...Objective This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of No.12 lymph node micrometastasis in patients with gastric cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.Methods A cohort of 160 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy and lymph node dissection were selected as the research subjects.The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the micrometastasis of No.12 lymph node sections with negative routine pathological detection.At the same time,the clinical data of patients were collected and followed up to analyze the clinical significance of No.12 lymph node micrometastasis.Results A total of 370 No.12 lymph nodes were detected in 160 surgical specimens.Among 160 patients,27 patients were found to be positive for No.12 lymph nodes during routine pathological examination,with a positive rate of 16.8%.A total of 308 lymph nodes from 133 patients with negative routine pathological examinations were stained by immunohistochemistry.A total of 17 lymph nodes from 10 patients were found to be positive.The results showed that 37 of the 160 patients had No.12 lymph node metastasis,and the positive rate was 23.1%,which was 6.3%higher than that of routine pathological examination.Logistic multivariate analyses showed that the depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis in other groups,and clinical stage were independent risk factors for No.12 lymph node metastasis.The average follow-up time was 79.3 months,and the overall median survival time was 47.9 months.The survival time of the No.12 lymph node-negative group was 67.3±2.5Âmonths,the median survival time was 73.2 months;the survival time of the No.12 lymph node-positive group was(28.4±5.4)months,and the median survival time was 31.3 months.The survival time of the No.12 lymph node-negative group was significantly longer than that of the positive group(χ^(2)=12.75,P=0.000).Conclusion No.12 lymph node micrometastasis is a signal affecting the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.Standardized dissection of No.12 lymph nodes is recommended for patients with gastric cancer who can undergo radical resection.展开更多
Tumor metastasis is generally agreed to be the major cause of cancer death. Over the last few years, studies of new diagnosis techniques and tumor immunotherapy have made great progress. Recent clinical studies on the...Tumor metastasis is generally agreed to be the major cause of cancer death. Over the last few years, studies of new diagnosis techniques and tumor immunotherapy have made great progress. Recent clinical studies on the occult metastases of breast, lung and colorectal cancer all suggested that the detection of micrometastases in bone marrow is prognostically important and provides substantial evidence of tumor dissemination. On the other hand, two kinds of the mAb-based immunotherapy have been approved for the treatment against epithelial cancer. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 17-1A for colorectal carcinomas and mAb herceptin for breast cancer both have produced good curative effects. Potential therapeutics based on some antibodies with prominent antitumor activity also has shown obvious clinical effect. These studies indicate that detection of micrometasta-sis in circulatory system and immunotherapy by eliminating metastatic malignant cells suggested a new strategy against the metastatic cancer.展开更多
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is commonly applied for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because of the facile procedure, and the safety and effectiveness for the treatment of this type of tumor. On the o...Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is commonly applied for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because of the facile procedure, and the safety and effectiveness for the treatment of this type of tumor. On the other hand, it is believed that HCC cells should spread predominantly through the blood flow of the portal vein, which could lead to the formation of intrahepatic micrometastases. Therefore, monitoring tumor response after the treatment is quite important and accurate assessment of treatment response is critical to obtain the most favorable outcome after the RFA. Indeed, several reports suggested that even small HCCs of ≤ 3 cm in diameter might carry intrahepatic micrometastases and/or microvascular invasion. From this point of view, for preventing local recurrences, RFA should be performed ablating a main tumor as well as its surrounding non-tumorous liver tissue where micrometastases and microvascular invasion might exist. Recent advancement of imaging modalities such as contrast-enhanced ultrasonic, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are playing an important role on assessing the therapeutic effects of RFA. The local recurrence rate tends to be low in HCC patients who were proven to have adequate ablation margin after RFA; namely, not only disappearance of vascular enhancement of main tumor, but also an adequate ablation margin. Therefore, contrast enhancement gives important findings for the diagnosis of recurrent HCCs on each imaging. However, hyperemia of non-tumorous liver surrounding the ablated lesion, which could be attributed to an inflammation after RFA, may well obscure the findings of local recurrence of HCCs after RFA. Therefore, we need to carefully address to these imaging findings given the fact that diagnostic difficulties of local recurrence of HCC. Here, we give an overview of the current status of the imaging assessment of HCC response to RFA.展开更多
Spread into regional lymph node is the major route of metastasis in cervical cancer. Although lymph node status is not involved in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system of uterine ce...Spread into regional lymph node is the major route of metastasis in cervical cancer. Although lymph node status is not involved in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system of uterine cervical cancer, the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis provides important information for prognosis and treatment. In this review, we have attempted to focus on the incidence and patterns of lymph node metastasis, and the issues surrounding surgical assessment of lymph nodes. In addition, the preoperative prediction of lymph node status, as well as the intraoperative assessment by sentinel nodes will be reviewed. Finally, lymph node micrometastasis also will be discussed.展开更多
The sentinel node(SN) technique has been established for the treatment of some types of solid cancers to avoid unnecessary lymphadenectomy. If node disease were diagnosed before surgery, minimal surgery with omission ...The sentinel node(SN) technique has been established for the treatment of some types of solid cancers to avoid unnecessary lymphadenectomy. If node disease were diagnosed before surgery, minimal surgery with omission of lymph node dissection would be an option for patients with early gastric cancer. Although SN biopsy has been well ascertained in the treatment of breast cancer and melanoma, SN navigation surgery(SNNS) in gastric cancer has not been yet universal due to the complicated lymphatic flow from the stomach. Satisfactory establishment of SNNS will result in the possible indication of minimally invasive surgery of gastric cancer. However, the results reported in the literature on SN biopsy in gastric cancer are widely divergent and many issues are still to be resolved, such as the collection method of SN, detection of micrometastasis in SN, and clinical benefit. The difference in the procedural technique and learning phase of surgeons is also varied the accuracy of SN mapping. In this review, we outline the current status of application for SNNS in gastric cancer.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the early metastasis-associated proteins in sentinel lymph node micrometastasis (SLNMM) of colorectal cancer (CRC) through comparative proteome. METHODS: Hydrophobic protein samples were extracted ...AIM: To investigate the early metastasis-associated proteins in sentinel lymph node micrometastasis (SLNMM) of colorectal cancer (CRC) through comparative proteome. METHODS: Hydrophobic protein samples were extracted from individual-matched normal lymph nodes (NLN) and SLNMM of CRC. Differentially expressed protein spots were detected by two-dimensional electrophoresis and image analysis, and subsequently identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry and Western blotting, respectively.RESULTS: Forty proteins were differentially expressed in NLN and SLNMM, and 4 metastasis-concerned proteins highly expressed in SLNMM were identified to be hnRNP A1, Ezrin, tubulin β-2C and Annexin A1. Further immunohistochemistry staining of these four proteins showed their clinicopathological characteristics in lymph node metastasis of CRC. CONCLUSION: Variations of hydrophobic protein expression in NLN and SLNMM of CRC and increased expression of hnRNP A1, Ezrin, tubulin β-2C and Annexin A1 in SLNMM suggest a significantly elevated early CRC metastasis.展开更多
Despite the development of more sophisticated diagnostic techniques, pancreatic carcinoma has not yet been detected in the early stage. Surgical resection provides the only chance for cure or long-term survival. The r...Despite the development of more sophisticated diagnostic techniques, pancreatic carcinoma has not yet been detected in the early stage. Surgical resection provides the only chance for cure or long-term survival. The resection rate has increased due to recent advances in surgical techniques and the application of extensive surgery. However, the postoperative prognosis has been poor due to commonly occurring liver metastasis, local recurrence and peritoneal dissemination. Recent molecular-biological studies have clarified occult metastasis, micrometastasis and systemic disease in pancreatic cancer. Several oncological problems in pancreatic cancer surgery are discussed in the present review.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China, No. 30271276
文摘AIM： To examine matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2） expression in gastric cancer tissues and to evaluate its relationship with lymph node micrometastasis. MATERIALS： The authors studied 850 lymph nodes resected from 30 patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent gastrectomy with lymphadenetomy using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） assay in addition to H-E staining. MMP-2 expression of the tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemical technique （EliVision^TM plus）. RESULTS： MMP-2 expression was positive in 21 （70%） cases and negative in g （30%） cases. No significant correlations were found between MMP-2 expression and other variables such as age, gender, tumor location, tumor diameter, Lauren classification and lymphatic invasion. In contrast, MMP-2 expression correlated significantly with depth of tumor infiltration （P = 0.022）, lymph node metastasis （P = 0.030） and tumor differentiation （P = 0.043）. Lymph node micrometastases were detected in 77 （12.5%） lymph nodes of 14 （46.7%） gastric carcinoma patients. MMP-2 expression was positive in 12 （85.7%） of the 14 patients with lymph node micrometastasis, and in g （56.3%） of the 16 patients without lymph node micrometastasis （P = 0.118）. CONCLUSIONS： Our results demonstrate that MMP-2 expression has significant correlation with tumor invasion, tumor differentiation and lymph node metastases. MMP-2 expression may be an important biological characteristics and significant prognostic parameter of gastric carcinoma. We also conclude that MMP-2 may participate in the development of lymph node micrometastasis of gastric carcinoma. Further investigations are needed to draw a conclusion.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30271276
文摘AIM: To examine the expression of E-cadherin in the primary tumor and to evaluate its relationship with lymph node micrometastasis (LNM).METHODS: The authors studied 850 lymph nodes resected from 30 patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay in addition to H&E staining. Cytokeratin-20 (CK-20)gene marker was used in this assay. The level of E-cadherin expression in the primary tumor was examined by immunochemical technique (EliVisionTM plus).RESULTS: LNM was detected in 77 (12.5%) lymph nodes of 14 patients (46.7%) with gastric carcinoma. The incidence of LNM was significantly higher in the diffuse type (12 of 19 cases, 63.2%) than in the intestinal type of gastric carcinoma (2 of 11 cases, 18.2%, P = 0.026). The incidence of LNM also increased in accordance with the depth of tumor invasion. The loss of expression of E cadherin in primary tumors was found in 14 (46.7) of 30 tumors. The absence of E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with the Lauren classification (P = 0.026), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.011), the grade of differentiation (P = 0.004) and the lymphatic invasion (P = 0.001). Expression of E-cadherin was negative in 10 (71.4%) of the 14 patients with LNM, and in 4 (25%) of the 16 patients without LNM (P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: The current results indicate that the RT PCR assay is useful for the detection of LNM and can significantly increase the detection rate of lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric carcinoma. The Laurenclassification and depth of tumor invasion are significantlyassociated with lymph node micrometastases. Our findings also indicate that E-cadherin may play an important role in determining the growth type and differentiation of gastric carcinoma. The loss of E-cadherin expression may contribute to LNM.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, No. 470DB9807
文摘AIM: To evaluate the reverse transcriptase-PCR assay and multiple sampling for detection of cytokeratin-positive cells in peripheral blood of colorectal carcinoma patients and to investigate the clinical significance of micrometastasis in peripheral blood.METHODS: The expression of CK20 mRNA by RT-PCR was investigated in bone marrow, portal vein and peripheral blood in 58 colorectal cancer patients and 12 controls without known cancer. The peripheral blood was sampled twice at intervals of 3 d before operation. All the patients were followed up for one year.RESULTS: There was no positive expression of CK20mRNA in 12 volunteers. The positive expression of CK20mRNA was 77.6% (45/58) in bone marrow, and that in portal vein was 74.1% (43/58) of colorectal carcinoma patients.The positive expression of CK20mRNA cells in peripheral blood rose from 44.8% (26/58) to 69.0% (40/58) (P＜0.01).The total positivity of CK20mRNA expression in peripheral blood was similar to the positivity of CK20mRNA in bone marrow and portal vein. The positive rates became higher in later clinical stages than in early stages. The CK20mRNA positive patients had a higher relapse rate within one year than the CK20mRNA negative patients.CONCLUSION: Multiple blood sampling can increase the detection of tumor cells in peripheral blood by RT-PCR for CK20mRNA in colorectal carcinoma patients and it is as sensitive and specific as that of bone marrow and portal vein. This technique may be reliable and convenient to diagnose micrometastasis of colorectal carcinoma and has an important significance in determining the prognosis of cancer patients.
基金Supported by funds from the Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province, China
文摘AIM： To investigate the value and prospect of RT-PCR in detecting micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes of gastric cancer. METHODS： Histopathology was used and K19 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR in tumor tissues and lymph nodes from gastric cancer patients undergoing radical resection of gastric carcinoma. RESULTS： K19 mRNA was expressed in all tumor specimens of 30 cases; of the 126 lymph nodes, 26 were histopathologically positive （20.6%）, and 42 positive （33.3%） by RT-PCR. Amplification fragments of 460 and 540 bp were shown in all the tumor tissues and metastatic lymph nodes after K19 and β-actin RT-PCR, while only a 540 bp fragment appeared in the lymph nodes of non-tumor patients. CONCLUSION： K19 mRNA RT-PCR is sensitive and specific in testing micrometastasis in regional lymph nodes of gastric cancer, and it is superior to routine histopathology.
文摘AIM- To immunohistochemicaUy examine micrometastasis and VEGF-C expression in hilar bile duct carcinoma （HBDC） and to evaluate the clinical significance of the results. METHODS： A total of 361 regional lymph nodes from 25 patients with node-negative HBDC were immunostained with an antibody against cytokeratins 8 and 18 （CAM 5.2）, and immunohistochemical staining of VEGF-C was performed in 34 primary resected tumors. RESULTS： Lymph node micrometastasis was detected in 6 （24%） of the 25 patients and 10 （2.8%） of the 361 lymph nodes. Patients with micrometastasis showed significantly poorer survival rates than those without （P= 0.025）. VEGF-C expression was positive in 17 （50%） of 34 HBDC, and significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis （P=0.042） and microscopic venous invasion （P=0.035）. CONCLUSIONS： It is suggested that immunohistochemically detected lymph node micrometastasis has an impact on the outcome of HBDC. VEGF-C expression is highly correlated with lymph node metastasis in HBDC and might therefore be a useful predictor.
文摘Advances in molecular diagnostic tools have allowed the identification of lymph node micrometastasis(LNM),including isolated tumor cells,in cancer patients. While immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction have been used to identify LNM in patients with gastric cancer,the clinical significance of this finding remains unclear. Recently,minimally invasive treatments,such as endoscopic submucosal dissection and laparoscopic surgery,are widely performed to help improve postsurgical quality of life(QOL). However,it is important to maintain the balance between QOL and curability when making treatments decision for patients with gastric cancer. If minimally invasive surgery based on accurate intraoperative LNM diagnosis was established,it could be performed safely. Therefore,we reviewed the clinical significance of LNM detected by molecular techniques as an important target for treatment decision making with gastric cancer patients.
基金supported by a grant from Scientific Research Foundation of Hubei Health Bureau of PR China(No.2005JX2B18)
文摘To examine the relationship between the levels of the serum vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and the micrometastasis of peripheral blood in patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, 108 NSCLC patients, including 40 patients with benign lung diseases and 30 healthy controls, were investigated. The serum VEGF levels were detected by ELISA and CK19 mRNA in peripheral blood by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. In NSCLC group, the serum VEGF levels and the positive rate of CK19 mRNA in peripheral blood were 479.8±268.5 pg/mL and 66.7%, which were significantly higher than those of the other two groups respectively （P〈0.01）, and both of them were increased significantly with the progression of clinical stage of the tumors （P〈0.01）. Serum VEGF levels as well as the positive rate of CK19 mRNA in different pathological types of lung cancer had no significant differences （P〉0.05）. Serum VEGF levels in the patients positive for CK19 mRNA was 561.7±325.6 pg/mL. It is significantly higher than that in the negative patients （P〈0.01）. There existed a significant correlation between serum VEGF levels and expression of CK19 mRNA in peripheral blood in NSCLC patients （P〈0.001）. The detection of serum VEGF levels and CK19 mRNA in peripheral blood is helpful in judging the condition and the prognosis of NSCLC patients, and serum VEGF levels and CK19 mRNA are independent of the pathological types of lung cancer. The micrometastasis in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients is significantly associated with serum VEGF levels.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation of China(No.023610811)
文摘OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between multimarker detection of MAGE-1,MAGE-3 and AFP mRNAs in the peripheral blood of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and micrometastasis using a realtime quantitative-PCR(real-time Q-PCR)assay. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were obtained from control subjects and 86 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Real-time Q-PCR was used to detect MAGE-1,MAGE-3, and AFP mRNAs in the blood cells. RESULTS In 86 tumor specimens,the positivity for MAGE-1, MAGE-3,and AFP genes was respectively 34.9%(30/86),60.5% (52/86)and 69.8%(60/86).All specimens expressed at least one marker.MAGE-1,MAGE-3,and AFP transcripts were detected respectively in 12(14.0%),18(20.1%)and 29(33.7%)of the 86 blood specimens from hepatocellular carcinoma patients,while 45 specimens(52.3%)were positive for at least one marker.In addition,MAGE-1,MAGE-3 and AFP gene transcripts were not detected in any peripheral blood specimens from 25 chronic liver disease patients and 28 normal healthy volunteers.The positive rate correlated with the TNM clinical stages,extrahepatic metastasis and portal vein carcinothrombosis(P<0.05).No correlation was found between tumor size,tumor number, differentiation,serum a-fetoprotein(AFP)and the positive rate. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that a multimarker real- time Q-PCR assay with cancer-specific markers such as MAGE-1 and MAGE-3 in combination with a hepatocyte-specific AFP marker may be a promising diagnostic tool for monitoring hepatocellular carcinoma patients with better sensitivity and specificity.
文摘Objective: To explore the effect of immune function on lymph node micrometastasis in esophageal cancer patients by the research on the correlation between immune function and micrometastasis. Methods: Ratios of T-lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ in peripheral blood were examined by flow cytometry, but no lymph node with metastatic cancer cells was observed in middle thoracic esophageal squamous carcinoma patients by routine pathological examination. The patients were divided into 2 groups with or without micrometastasis to detect micrometastasis by immunohistochemical method, and T-lymphocyte subsets levels were compared between the 2 groups. Results: CD3+ and CD4+ T-lymphocytes levels of the group with micrometastasis were significantly lower than those of the group without micrometastasis, while CD8+ level of the group with micrometastasis was significantly higher than that of the group without micrometastasis. Conclusion: T-lymphocyte subset is closely relative with micrometastasis, and prognosis of the patients with low CD3+ and CD4+ levels but high CD8+ T-lymphocytes is comparatively poor.
基金supported by a grant from Gansu Provincial Program for Tackling Key Problems in Science and Technology,China (No.2GS064-B43-020-36)
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate the detection of sentinel lymphnode (SLN) micrometastasis (MM) and the clinical significancein patients with Dukes-B colorectal carcinoma (CRC) using H&Estained slides.METHODS In a prospective study of 64 patients with Dukes-BCRC undergoing radical surgery,routine H&E staining combinedwith the immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect theexpression of the cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and telomerase (TLMA)in 122 SLNs from 61 of the 64 cases.During a 3-year follow up,the patients'clinicopathologic parameters data,survival and theirrelationship were collected and analyzed.RESULTS i) In 6 out of the 61 cases with successful mapping,9SLNs were positive after routine detection using H&E staining.ii) In the other 55 with negative results from H&E staining,thepositive rate of CK20 expression was 27.3% (15/55),and thepositive rate of TLMA 21.8% (12/55),after immunohistochemicalexamination (IHC) on the SLN.iii) Detection by combining the 2methods showed that the micrometastasis rate was 38.2% (21/55).iv) The recurrence or metastasis rate of CRC was significantlyhigher in the Dukes-B patients with sentinel lymph nodemicrometastasis (SLNMM) (+) than in those with SLNMM (-)(P<0.05),and simultaneously,the survival rate decreased by alarge margin in the patients with SLNMM (+),compared to thosewith SLNMM (-) (P<0.05).There were significant differences inthe recurrence or metastasis rate of cancer and the survival ratebetween the Dukes-B patients with SLNMM (-) and the Dukes-Cpatients (P<0.05).CONCLUSION Examination of anti-CK20 and anti-TLMA usingimmunohistochemical staining can be used to detect SLNMM,andthe combined examination of the 2 can increase the detection rate.The detection of SLNMM can precisely determine the Dukes stageof colorectal carcinoma,which is of help in directing postoperativeadjunctive therapy and in assessing prognosis.
文摘Tumor dissemination to distant organ is the main cause of death. Therefore there is urgent need to set up sensitive methods for early detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) specimens of breast cancer patients. We aim to detect MUC2 mRNA positive cells in PB and BM of breast cancer patients;to relate this to patient relapse. In this study to detect MUC2 mRNA positive cells (tumor marker), PB and BM samples were collected from 50 breast cancer patients after operation and before adjuvant therapy with 20 PB from healthy individuals as negative controls. Chi-square test was used to analyze data. MUC2 mRNA by using Real-time PCR was detected in 9 (18%) of PB and in 10 (20%) of BM samples and none of the healthy individuals. The relapse rate among MUC2-positive patients was significance in BM (P < 0.004) and MUC2-positive patients had a shorter disease free survival than the negative patients in BM samples (p < 0.05). This study shows MUC2 can be a suitable marker for detection of micrometastasis in breast cancer patients at early stages of cancer.
基金Supported by a grant from the scientific research project of Sichuan Health Committee(No.19pj045)。
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lymph node micrometastasis on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer and the necessity of integrating it into the gastric cancer staging system.Methods In total,241 patients with gastric cancer were included.Hematoxylin and eosin staining of lymph nodes was performed,and negative lymph nodes were evaluated by immunohistochemistry to detect micrometastases.Differences in survival rates between stages were evaluated.Results(1)A total of 78 patients(32.4%)had lymph node micrometastases.Compared with the group without micrometastases,the overall recurrence rate,lymph infiltration,vascular invasion,and nerve invasion rate in the micrometastasis group were significantly higher(P<0.05).(2)According to the standard N staging system,the rates of disease-free survival(DFS)for the N0,N1,N2,N3a,and N3b groups were 96.0%,84.0%,67.6%,59.0%,and 21.7%,respectively.There was no significant difference in survival between N2 and N3a.The cumulative survival curves for N2 and N3a intersected.(3)The N stage of 38 patients(15.8%)differed between the traditional system and the new N staging system reflecting micrometastasis.The DFS for N0,N1,N2,N3a,and N3b were 97.0%,86.3%,74.2%,65.4%,and 29.2%,respectively.There was no significant difference in survival between N2 and N3a,but the cumulative survival curves for N2 and N3a did not intersect.(4)Based on a Cox multivariate analysis,various independent risk factors for recurrence were identified(P<0.05).Conclusion Lymph node micrometastasis is an important risk factor for gastric cancer recurrence.Lymph node micrometastasis should be considered in TNM staging to determine prognosis and optimal treatment strategies.
基金Supported by a grant from the Hebei Medical Science Research Project(No.20191831).
文摘Objective This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of No.12 lymph node micrometastasis in patients with gastric cancer and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.Methods A cohort of 160 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy and lymph node dissection were selected as the research subjects.The immunohistochemical method was used to detect the micrometastasis of No.12 lymph node sections with negative routine pathological detection.At the same time,the clinical data of patients were collected and followed up to analyze the clinical significance of No.12 lymph node micrometastasis.Results A total of 370 No.12 lymph nodes were detected in 160 surgical specimens.Among 160 patients,27 patients were found to be positive for No.12 lymph nodes during routine pathological examination,with a positive rate of 16.8%.A total of 308 lymph nodes from 133 patients with negative routine pathological examinations were stained by immunohistochemistry.A total of 17 lymph nodes from 10 patients were found to be positive.The results showed that 37 of the 160 patients had No.12 lymph node metastasis,and the positive rate was 23.1%,which was 6.3%higher than that of routine pathological examination.Logistic multivariate analyses showed that the depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis in other groups,and clinical stage were independent risk factors for No.12 lymph node metastasis.The average follow-up time was 79.3 months,and the overall median survival time was 47.9 months.The survival time of the No.12 lymph node-negative group was 67.3±2.5Âmonths,the median survival time was 73.2 months;the survival time of the No.12 lymph node-positive group was(28.4±5.4)months,and the median survival time was 31.3 months.The survival time of the No.12 lymph node-negative group was significantly longer than that of the positive group(χ^(2)=12.75,P=0.000).Conclusion No.12 lymph node micrometastasis is a signal affecting the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.Standardized dissection of No.12 lymph nodes is recommended for patients with gastric cancer who can undergo radical resection.
基金This work was supported by the Fund for Doctoral Station of MOE the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Outstanding Young Scientists (Grant No. 30025038).
文摘Tumor metastasis is generally agreed to be the major cause of cancer death. Over the last few years, studies of new diagnosis techniques and tumor immunotherapy have made great progress. Recent clinical studies on the occult metastases of breast, lung and colorectal cancer all suggested that the detection of micrometastases in bone marrow is prognostically important and provides substantial evidence of tumor dissemination. On the other hand, two kinds of the mAb-based immunotherapy have been approved for the treatment against epithelial cancer. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 17-1A for colorectal carcinomas and mAb herceptin for breast cancer both have produced good curative effects. Potential therapeutics based on some antibodies with prominent antitumor activity also has shown obvious clinical effect. These studies indicate that detection of micrometasta-sis in circulatory system and immunotherapy by eliminating metastatic malignant cells suggested a new strategy against the metastatic cancer.
文摘Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is commonly applied for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) because of the facile procedure, and the safety and effectiveness for the treatment of this type of tumor. On the other hand, it is believed that HCC cells should spread predominantly through the blood flow of the portal vein, which could lead to the formation of intrahepatic micrometastases. Therefore, monitoring tumor response after the treatment is quite important and accurate assessment of treatment response is critical to obtain the most favorable outcome after the RFA. Indeed, several reports suggested that even small HCCs of ≤ 3 cm in diameter might carry intrahepatic micrometastases and/or microvascular invasion. From this point of view, for preventing local recurrences, RFA should be performed ablating a main tumor as well as its surrounding non-tumorous liver tissue where micrometastases and microvascular invasion might exist. Recent advancement of imaging modalities such as contrast-enhanced ultrasonic, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are playing an important role on assessing the therapeutic effects of RFA. The local recurrence rate tends to be low in HCC patients who were proven to have adequate ablation margin after RFA; namely, not only disappearance of vascular enhancement of main tumor, but also an adequate ablation margin. Therefore, contrast enhancement gives important findings for the diagnosis of recurrent HCCs on each imaging. However, hyperemia of non-tumorous liver surrounding the ablated lesion, which could be attributed to an inflammation after RFA, may well obscure the findings of local recurrence of HCCs after RFA. Therefore, we need to carefully address to these imaging findings given the fact that diagnostic difficulties of local recurrence of HCC. Here, we give an overview of the current status of the imaging assessment of HCC response to RFA.
基金This work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provice （No. 2015CKB739）.
文摘Spread into regional lymph node is the major route of metastasis in cervical cancer. Although lymph node status is not involved in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system of uterine cervical cancer, the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis provides important information for prognosis and treatment. In this review, we have attempted to focus on the incidence and patterns of lymph node metastasis, and the issues surrounding surgical assessment of lymph nodes. In addition, the preoperative prediction of lymph node status, as well as the intraoperative assessment by sentinel nodes will be reviewed. Finally, lymph node micrometastasis also will be discussed.
基金Partially funded by KAKENHI(Grant-in-Aid forScientific Research),No.23390329by the National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund(23-A-9)by PriorityResearch Fund of Osaka City University
文摘The sentinel node(SN) technique has been established for the treatment of some types of solid cancers to avoid unnecessary lymphadenectomy. If node disease were diagnosed before surgery, minimal surgery with omission of lymph node dissection would be an option for patients with early gastric cancer. Although SN biopsy has been well ascertained in the treatment of breast cancer and melanoma, SN navigation surgery(SNNS) in gastric cancer has not been yet universal due to the complicated lymphatic flow from the stomach. Satisfactory establishment of SNNS will result in the possible indication of minimally invasive surgery of gastric cancer. However, the results reported in the literature on SN biopsy in gastric cancer are widely divergent and many issues are still to be resolved, such as the collection method of SN, detection of micrometastasis in SN, and clinical benefit. The difference in the procedural technique and learning phase of surgeons is also varied the accuracy of SN mapping. In this review, we outline the current status of application for SNNS in gastric cancer.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Basic Research Project,Education Department of Jiangsu Province, No. 08KJT310005the 5th "Six Talent-Person-Peak Program", Jiangsu Province,ChinaSuperior Item of Nanjing Medical University Science and Technology Progress Fund, No. 07NMUM047
文摘AIM: To investigate the early metastasis-associated proteins in sentinel lymph node micrometastasis (SLNMM) of colorectal cancer (CRC) through comparative proteome. METHODS: Hydrophobic protein samples were extracted from individual-matched normal lymph nodes (NLN) and SLNMM of CRC. Differentially expressed protein spots were detected by two-dimensional electrophoresis and image analysis, and subsequently identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry and Western blotting, respectively.RESULTS: Forty proteins were differentially expressed in NLN and SLNMM, and 4 metastasis-concerned proteins highly expressed in SLNMM were identified to be hnRNP A1, Ezrin, tubulin β-2C and Annexin A1. Further immunohistochemistry staining of these four proteins showed their clinicopathological characteristics in lymph node metastasis of CRC. CONCLUSION: Variations of hydrophobic protein expression in NLN and SLNMM of CRC and increased expression of hnRNP A1, Ezrin, tubulin β-2C and Annexin A1 in SLNMM suggest a significantly elevated early CRC metastasis.
文摘Despite the development of more sophisticated diagnostic techniques, pancreatic carcinoma has not yet been detected in the early stage. Surgical resection provides the only chance for cure or long-term survival. The resection rate has increased due to recent advances in surgical techniques and the application of extensive surgery. However, the postoperative prognosis has been poor due to commonly occurring liver metastasis, local recurrence and peritoneal dissemination. Recent molecular-biological studies have clarified occult metastasis, micrometastasis and systemic disease in pancreatic cancer. Several oncological problems in pancreatic cancer surgery are discussed in the present review.
