Since 1990, New Chinese Military History in the West has remedied scholarly neglect of Chinese warfare and changed the usual stories of modern China. These studies disproved Orientalist assumptions of a unique ＂Chine...Since 1990, New Chinese Military History in the West has remedied scholarly neglect of Chinese warfare and changed the usual stories of modern China. These studies disproved Orientalist assumptions of a unique ＂Chinese way of war＂ or a strategic culture that avoided aggressive confrontation. Scholars also challenge the assumption that Confucian immobility led to a clash of civilizations and decisive defeat in the Opium Wars, First Sino-Japanese War, and Boxer War of 1900. In fact, Qing officials were quick and successful in creating a new military regime. New military histories of the warlords, the Sino-Japanese Wars, and the Chinese Civil War show that developing new types of warfare was central in creating the new nation. All these wars split the country into factions that were supported by outside powers： they were internationalized civil wars. The article also asks how the choice of terms, labels, and categories shapes interpretations and political messages.展开更多
Foreign military bases are the important means for power projection.In Africa,military bases represent the symbol of France’s sphere of influence,which have strengthened France’s protection of her economic,political...Foreign military bases are the important means for power projection.In Africa,military bases represent the symbol of France’s sphere of influence,which have strengthened France’s protection of her economic,political,cultural,overseas national and security interests.The bases are of great significance to enhance French intervention capabilities,making France the most influential external power in the African continent.After the upheavals in the Middle East and North Africa in 2011,France will likely want to return to North Africa militarily and seek to restore a military presence in the region within a multilateral framework,with the objective of linking her domestic Toulon naval base with her military presence in North Africa,Gabon,the Ivory Coast,Djibouti,and Abu Dhabi,thus making France a dominant player in the“Arc of Instability”which extends from West Africa to the Persian Gulf.展开更多
文摘Since 1990, New Chinese Military History in the West has remedied scholarly neglect of Chinese warfare and changed the usual stories of modern China. These studies disproved Orientalist assumptions of a unique ＂Chinese way of war＂ or a strategic culture that avoided aggressive confrontation. Scholars also challenge the assumption that Confucian immobility led to a clash of civilizations and decisive defeat in the Opium Wars, First Sino-Japanese War, and Boxer War of 1900. In fact, Qing officials were quick and successful in creating a new military regime. New military histories of the warlords, the Sino-Japanese Wars, and the Chinese Civil War show that developing new types of warfare was central in creating the new nation. All these wars split the country into factions that were supported by outside powers： they were internationalized civil wars. The article also asks how the choice of terms, labels, and categories shapes interpretations and political messages.
基金This research is the product of Chinese Educational Ministry program“Western Powers’Military Bases in the Middle East since the End of the Cold War”(10JJDGJW022)It is also jointly funded by the“Academic Innovation Team”of Shanghai International Studies University(“Big Powers’Middle East Security Strategies Since 1991”)+1 种基金the Shanghai International Studies University“211”program(Stage III)the Key Discipline of Shanghai(B702).
文摘Foreign military bases are the important means for power projection.In Africa,military bases represent the symbol of France’s sphere of influence,which have strengthened France’s protection of her economic,political,cultural,overseas national and security interests.The bases are of great significance to enhance French intervention capabilities,making France the most influential external power in the African continent.After the upheavals in the Middle East and North Africa in 2011,France will likely want to return to North Africa militarily and seek to restore a military presence in the region within a multilateral framework,with the objective of linking her domestic Toulon naval base with her military presence in North Africa,Gabon,the Ivory Coast,Djibouti,and Abu Dhabi,thus making France a dominant player in the“Arc of Instability”which extends from West Africa to the Persian Gulf.
