Root exudates serve as crucial mediators for information exchange between plants and soil,and are an important evolutionary mechanism for plants’adaptation to environmental changes.In this study,15 different abiotic ...Root exudates serve as crucial mediators for information exchange between plants and soil,and are an important evolutionary mechanism for plants’adaptation to environmental changes.In this study,15 different abiotic stress models were established using various stress factors,including drought(D),high temperature(T),nitrogen deficiency(N),phosphorus deficiency(P),and their combinations.We investigated their effects on the seedling growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and the activities of Solid-Urease(S-UE),Solid-Nitrite Reductase(S-NiR),Solid-Nitrate Reductase(S-NR),Solid-Phosphotransferase(S-PT),and Solid-Catalase(S-CAT),as well as the contents of polysaccharides in the culture medium.The results showed that the growth of S.miltiorrhiza was inhibited under 15 stress conditions.Among them,13 stress conditions increased the root-shoot ratio.These 15 stress conditions significantly reduced the activity of S-NR,two combinations significantly improved the activity of S-NIR,they were synergistic stresses of high temperature and nitrogen deficiency(TN),and synergistic stresses of drought and nitrogen deficiency(DN)(p<0.05).The activity of S-UE was significantly improved under N,D,T,synergistic stresses of drought and high temperature(DT),DN,synergistic stresses of drought and phosphorus deficiency(DP),and synergistic stresses of high temperature,nitrogen,and phosphorus deficiency(TNP)stress conditions(p<0.05).Most stress combinations reduced the activity of S-PT,but D and T significantly improved it.(p<0.05).The N,DN,and TN stress conditions significantly reduced S-CAT activity.The P,DT,and synergistic stresses of drought,high temperature,and phosphorus deficiency(DTP)significantly decreased the total polysaccharide content of the soil(p<0.05).The research suggested that abiotic stress hindered the growth of S.miltiorrhiza and altered the behavior of root secretion.Roots regulated the secretion of several substances in response to various abiotic stresses,including soil nitrogen cycle enzymes,phosphorus transport-related enzymes,and antioxidant enzymes.In conclusion,plants regulate the utilization of rhizosphere substances in response to abiotic stresses by modulating the exudation of soil enzymes and polysaccharides by the root system.At the same time,soil carbon sequestration was affected by the adverse environment,which restricted the input of organic matter into the soil.展开更多
The extraction technology of phenolic acid compounds from Salvia miltiorrhiza by ethanol reflux was studied. In this experiment, salvianolic acid B standard was used to make the standard curve. Single factor experimen...The extraction technology of phenolic acid compounds from Salvia miltiorrhiza by ethanol reflux was studied. In this experiment, salvianolic acid B standard was used to make the standard curve. Single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were used to study the extraction of different ethanol concentrations, reflux times and material-to-liquid ratios. The OD value of salvianolic acid compounds was measured with a spectrophotometer. The extraction rate of phenolic acid compounds under different extraction conditions was calculated through a regression equation, so as to obtain the optimal conditions for the ethanol reflux extraction process of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The experimental data can provide a reference for the ethanol reflux extraction process of salvianolic acids in the industry. According to the experiment, the extraction rate of phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza was the highest when the ethanol concentration was 60%, the reflux time was 1.5 hours, and the ratio of material-to-liquid was 1:10.展开更多
Salvia miltiorrhiza is a model medicinal plant with significant economic and medicinal value.Its roots produce a group of diterpenoid lipophilic bioactive components,termed tanshinones.Biosynthesis and regulation of t...Salvia miltiorrhiza is a model medicinal plant with significant economic and medicinal value.Its roots produce a group of diterpenoid lipophilic bioactive components,termed tanshinones.Biosynthesis and regulation of tanshinones has attracted widespread interest.However,the methylome of S.miltiorrhiza has not been analysed and the regulatory mechanism of DNA methylation in tanshinone production is largely unknown.Here we report single-base resolution DNA methylomes from roots and leaves.Comparative analysis revealed differential methylation patterns for CG,CHG,and CHH contexts and the association between DNA methylation and the expression of genes and small RNAs.Lowly methylated genes always had higher expression levels and 24-nucleotide sRNAs could be key players in the RdDM pathway in S.miltiorrhiza.DNA methylation variation analysis showed that CHH methylation contributed mostly to the difference.Go enrichment analysis showed that diterpenoid biosynthetic process was significantly enriched for genes with downstream overlapping with hypoCHHDMR in July_root when comparing with those in March_root.Tanshinone biosynthesis-related enzyme genes,such as DXS2,CMK,IDI1,HMGR2,DXR,MDS,CYP76AH1,2OGD25,and CYP71D373,were less CHH methylated in gene promoters or downstream regions in roots collected in July than those collected in March.Consistently,gene expression was up-regulated in S.miltiorrhiza roots collected in July compared with March and the treatment of DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine significantly promoted tanshinone production.It suggests that DNA methylation plays a significant regulatory role in tanshinone biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza through changing the levels of CHH methylation in promoters or downstreams of key enzyme genes.展开更多
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(S.miltiorrhiza),a perennial plant of the genus Salvia,is widely used in traditional folklore medicine.Previous chemical research on this plant contains diterpenoid quinones,phenolic acids,pol...Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(S.miltiorrhiza),a perennial plant of the genus Salvia,is widely used in traditional folklore medicine.Previous chemical research on this plant contains diterpenoid quinones,phenolic acids,polysaccharides and other compounds.The pharmacological investigation of S.miltiorrhiza has shown that it has various pharmacological activities,such as cardiovascular system protection,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidant,anti-tumor,liver protection,and neuroprotection activities.This research tends to give an overview of the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S.miltiorrhiza,aiming to reveal its potential value and provide reference for its further development.展开更多
Aim Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge （SM） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DO） are both traditional Chi- nese medicine that have cardioprotective effects. Here, we further examined the combined effects of SM and DO on r...Aim Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge （SM） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DO） are both traditional Chi- nese medicine that have cardioprotective effects. Here, we further examined the combined effects of SM and DO on rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The possible mechanism of SM and DO also were elucidated. Methods DO was divided into aqueous extract of lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DOW） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae oil （DOO）. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to seven groups： sham group, model group, treatment groups inclu- ding SM （10 g · kg^-1）, DOW （5 g · kg^-1）, DOO （0.5 ml · kg^-1）, SM ＋ DOW （10 g · kg^-1 ＋ 5 g · kg^-1）, SM ＋ DOO （ 10 g · kg^-1 ＋ 0. 5 ml · kg^-1）. Rats were pretreated with homologous drug for 7 days and then subjec- ted to 30 rain of ischemia followed by 180 rain of reperfusion. Electrocardiogram （ECG） and heart rate were moni- tored and recorded continuously. At the end of reperfusion, blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of creatine kinase-MB （CK-MB） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）. Hearts were harvested to assess heart- body rate, infarct size and histopathological changes as well. Maximum and minimum effective points were deter- mined by measuring indicators associate with myocardial injury at different time-points of reperfusion （Smin, 15min, 30min, 45rain, 60min, 120min, 180min）. The potential therapeutic mechanism of SM and SM ＋ DOO were carried out by detecting superoxide dismutase （SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-alpha） and interleukin 6 （IL-6）. Results The results showed SM and DO can ameliorate cardiac function respectively, and this cardioprotective effect was further strengthened by their combinations. Among all the combi- nations, SM ＋ DOO showed predominant potential to improve ECG and heart rate, reduce heart-body rate （28.5% ＋ 1.4% , P 〈 0.01 vs model） and myocardial infarct size （ 20.96% ＋ 1.61% , P 〈 0.01 vs model, P 〈 0.05 vs SM） , attenuate histopathological damage, decrease the levels of CK-MB and LDH （P 〈 0.01 vs model, P 〈 0.05 vs SM）. The maximum effective points of SM and SM ＋ DOO were 15min and 30rain respectively, and the minimum effective points of them were 180rain. In reducing serum level of MDA, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and increasing SOD activ- ity, SM ＋ DOO was similar to SM. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that SM ＋ DOO have combined effects that are highly effective than single pretreatment against myocardial ischemie reperfusion injury in rats. The possible mechanism of SM and DO were likely through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and thus may be an effective and promising medicine for both prophylaxis and treatment of ischemic heart disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common acute abdomen with high mortality, multiple complications and complicated causes. There is no effective therapy for AP. Radix salviae miltiorrhizae (Danshen), a traditio...BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common acute abdomen with high mortality, multiple complications and complicated causes. There is no effective therapy for AP. Radix salviae miltiorrhizae (Danshen), a traditional herbal medicine, has a low price and a wide range of clinical applications. It is effective to promote blood flow, eliminate stagnancy, and relieve pain. It is also found to be effective in treating AP. We reviewed the progress in research into the mechanism of Radix salviae miltiorrhizae in treatment of AP. DATA SOURCES: An english-language literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (1988-2005) on Radix salviae miltiorrhizae (Danshen) and acute pancreatitis. RESULTS: The mechanisms of Danshen in the treatment of AP include improvement of microcirculatory disturbances; elimination of oxygen free radicals; modulation of the metabolism of lipid inflammatory mediator; and blocking of calcium inflow and prevention of calcium overload.CONCLUSION: Danshen can effectively reduce the mortality and complications of AP.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury may induce intestinal microflora imbalance. Salvia miltiorrhiza is effective in promoting blood circulation and counteracting peroxidation in tissues. The aim of the pre...BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury may induce intestinal microflora imbalance. Salvia miltiorrhiza is effective in promoting blood circulation and counteracting peroxidation in tissues. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza on intestinal mi- croflora, endotoxemia, and bacterial translocation in rats with hepatic I/R injury. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats in specific pathogen free grade were divided into 3 groups: group I(n =6) for sham operation: groups ( n = 7) for liver ische- mia for 20 minutes and reperfusion for 22 hours. Group was also pretreated with 4 ml/day of Salvia miltiorrhiza solu- tion (250 mg/kg) by daily gavage for 7 days. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino- transferase (AST), malondialdehyde ( MDA) and supero- xide dismutase ( SOD ) in liver tissues, serum endotoxin, intestinal bacterial counts, intestinal mucosal histology and bacterial translocation were studied. RESULTS: The levels of ALT, AST, plasma endotoxin and MDA in liver tissues were decreased more markedly in group (57.57 ± 18.08 U/L, 147.57 ±40.84 U/L, 0.42 ± 0.144 EU/ml and 0. 52 ±0.19 nmol/mg-prot respectively) in group 295.9±216.92 U/L, 0.80± 0.262 EU/ml and 0.72±0.12 nmol/mg-prot; P <0.05-0.01 respectively). Liver SOD activity was increased more sig- nificantly in group (318.47±64.62 U/mg-prot) than in group U/mg-prot, P<0.05). The counts of Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides increased more significantly in group than in group but were similar to those in group I. Bacterial translocation to the kidney in group was 50% (5/10), whereas no bacterial translocation to the kidney occurred in the other two groups (P <0. 01). Ileal mucosal structure was markedly ameliorated in group as compared with group CONCLUSIONS: Salviae miltiorrhiza could partially restore intestinal microflora balance, improve intestinal mucosal integrity, and reduce bacterial translocation and plasma en- dotoxin in rats with hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of an extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius in vivo.METHODS:C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to five groups and intraperitoneally ad...AIM:To investigate the hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of an extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius in vivo.METHODS:C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to five groups and intraperitoneally administered 0.9% saline,Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius extract [Danhong injection(DHI),0.75 and 3 g/kg mixed extract] or reduced glutathione for injection(RGI,300 mg/kg) for 30 min before exposure to lipopolysaccharide(LPS,16 mg/kg). After intraperitoneal LPS stimulation for 90 min or 6 h,the mice were sacrificed by ether anaesthesia,and serum and liver samples were collected. Histological analysis(H&E) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick end-labelling(TUNEL) staining were performed. Alanine transferase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),total bilirubin(TBil),glutathione-S-transferase(GST),malondialdehyde(MDA),tumour necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-6,and caspase-3 levels were measured. Bax,Bcl-2,P-IκBα,IκBα,P-NF-κB p65,and NF-κB p65 protein levels were determined by Western blot. TNF-α,IL-6,caspase-3,Bax and Bcl-2 m RNA expression was measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).RESULTS:Hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL results suggested that DHI(3 g/kg) treatment alleviated inflammatory and apoptotic(P < 0.01) injury in the liver of mice. DHI treatment dose-dependently blunted the abnormal changes in biochemical parameters such as ALT(72.53 ± 2.83 for 3 g/kg,P < 0.01),AST(76.97 ± 5.00 for 3 g/kg,P < 0.01),TBil(1.17 ± 0.10 for 3 g/kg,P < 0.01),MDA(0.81 ± 0.36 for 3 g/kg,P < 0.01),and GST(358.86 ± 12.09 for 3 g/kg,P < 0.01). Moreover,DHI(3 g/kg) remarkably decreased LPS-induced protein expression of TNF-α(340.55 ± 10.18 for 3 g/kg,P < 0.01),IL-6(261.34 ± 10.18 for 3 g/kg,P < 0.01),and enzyme activity of caspase-3(0.93 ± 0.029 for 3 g/kg,P < 0.01). The LPS-induced m RNA expression of TNF-α,IL-6 and caspase-3 was also decreased by DHI. Western blot analysis revealed that DHI antagonised LPS-stimulated decrease of Bcl-2 and increase of Bax protein expression. Furthermore,DHI inhibited LPS-induced IκBα and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation.CONCLUSION:DHI may be a multi-function protectant against acute hepatic injury in mice through its antiinflammatory,anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of Salviae miltiorrhizae on cirrhosis and portal hyperiension byinhibiting nitric oxide synthase type Ⅱ (NOSⅡ) in rats.METHODS: Real time RT-PCR was used to detect the expression o...OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of Salviae miltiorrhizae on cirrhosis and portal hyperiension byinhibiting nitric oxide synthase type Ⅱ (NOSⅡ) in rats.METHODS: Real time RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of NOSII mRNA. The enzymaticactivity of nitric oxide synthase and the circulating levels of nitric oxide (NO), systemic and portalhemodynamics, and quantification of cirrhosis were measured with highly sensitive methods. TraditionalChinese medicine was utilized to treat cirrhotic rats and the function of NO was evaluated.Double-blind method was applied in the experiment constantly.RESULTS: The concentration of NO increased markedly at all stages of cirrhosis, and so did theenzymatic activity of NOS, antl the iNOSmRNA expressed greatly. Meanwhile theportal-venous-pressure (PVP), portal-venous-now (PVF) increased significantly. NO, Nos andiNOSmHNA were positively correlated to the quanlity of hepatic fihrosis. Salviae Miltiorrhizae significantlyinhibited NO production and inhibited the expression of iNOSmRNA.CONCLUSIONS: The increased hepatic expression of NoSIⅡ is one of the important factors causingcirrhosis and portal hypertension. Salviae Miltiorrhizae significantly ameliorates cirrhosis and portalhypertension.展开更多
The effects of salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (SMB) on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats and the action mechan...The effects of salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (SMB) on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats and the action mechanism were investigated. Normal Wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats were used as negative control, and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly assigned to receive pla- cebo or SMB. SMB (1 g/kg·d) was injected intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were measured. HE, VG and immunohistochemical staining combined with computed morphometry were employed to evaluate the cardiomyocyte size, diameter, the collagen volume fraction (CVF), perivascular circumferential area (PVCA), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in the left ventricular tissue. The results showed, as compared with WKY rats, the SBP, LVMI, cardiomyocyte size, diameter, CVF, PCVA, and TNF-α expression were increased markedly in the 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats. SMB decreased LVMI (P<0.01), size of cardiomyocytes (P<0.01), collagen volume fraction (P<0.01), perivascular circum- ferential area (P<0.01), and TNF-α expression (P<0.01), but had no effect on SBP (P>0.05). It was suggested that chronic administration of SMB could inhibit and reverse the development of LVH in spontaneously hypertensive rats independent of BP. TNF-α may be involved in the reversal mecha- nism of LVH by SMB.展开更多
Objective: To study the effect of adjuvant therapy with salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine injection on neural function injury, degree of oxidative stress reaction, chemotactic factor and adhesion molecule in pati...Objective: To study the effect of adjuvant therapy with salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine injection on neural function injury, degree of oxidative stress reaction, chemotactic factor and adhesion molecule in patients with ischemic stroke. <br> Methods: Patients with ischemic stroke admitted in our hospital from August 2013 to October 2015 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into conventional treatment (CT) group receiving conventional treatment and traditional Chinese medicine auxiliary (TCMA) group receiving adjuvant therapy with salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine injection. After the treatment of the first month and the third month, serum was collected to detect the contents of nerve injury molecules, oxidative stress parameters, chemotactic factor and adhesion molecule. <br> Results: After the 4-week treatment, the contents of serum neuron specific enolase, S100 calcium-binding protein B, heart-type fatty acid binding protein, malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,CD40,CD40 ligand, vascular endothelial cadherin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 in patients ofTCMA group were all significantly lower than those of CT group, and the contents of superoxidase dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were significantly higher than those of CT group. After the 8-week treatment, the contents of serum neuron specific enolase, S100 calcium-binding protein B, heart-type fatty acid binding protein, malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,CD40, CD40 ligand, vascular endothelial cadherin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 in patients ofTCMA group were all significantly lower than those of CT group and the contents of superoxidase dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were significantly higher than those of CT group. <br> Conclusions: Adjuvant therapy with salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine injection can alleviate the neural function injury, inhibit oxidative stress reaction and the generation of chemotactic factor and adhesion molecule in patients with ischemic stroke, which is an effective medicine for treating ischemic stroke.展开更多
Objective To select the strains which can produce tanshinone ⅡA like its host plant Salvia miltiorrhiza bung.Methods A total of 50 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy,living and symptomless tissues...Objective To select the strains which can produce tanshinone ⅡA like its host plant Salvia miltiorrhiza bung.Methods A total of 50 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy,living and symptomless tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza bung,among which 29 strains were obtained from the root,14 from the stem,3 from the leaf,3 from the flower and 1 from the seed.Their antimicrobial activities against nine different bacteria,including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria,were measured by Oxford plate agar diffusion bioassay.Results Our data showed that all but four strains had significant antibacterial activities on at least one indicator bacterium to some extent,and five strains(DR1,DR4,DR16,DR18 and DF2)manifested quite prominent antibacterial activities against certain pathogenic bacteria.In some degree,it might indicate that this endophytic fungus isolated from the tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza bung has a potential value as a natural antibacterial medicine as well.Thin layer chromatography(TLC)and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)were carried out to test selected strains,both inside and outside of the cell to see if any strain can produce tanshinone ⅡA.The result showed that extracts from three strains,labeled as DR12(outside cell),DR21(inside cell)and DF3(inside cell),had a component with the same Rf value in TLC assay as that of authentic tanshinone ⅡA.The extract from DR12(outside cell)and DR21(inside cell)had a peak at retention time identical to that of authentic tanshinone ⅡA in HPLC.Conclusion The fungi appear to produce the bioactive compound tanshinone ⅡA,and they could be used to produce tanshinone ⅡA by fermentation.It provides a new way to synthesize this natural medicine.展开更多
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge(SMB)has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Growing clinical usage has led to a huge demand for artificial planting of SMB.Thus,c...Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge(SMB)has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Growing clinical usage has led to a huge demand for artificial planting of SMB.Thus,continuous cropping of SMB is an important challenge that needs to be addressed.Continuous cropping can alter the metabolic profile of plants,resulting in poor growth and low yield.In this study,we tried to image the spatial location and variation of endogenous metabolites in continuously cropped SMB using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging(MALDIMSI).Spatially resolved expressions of tanshinones,salvianolic acids,polyamines,phenolic acids,amino acids,and oligosaccharides in normal and continuously cropped SMB roots were compared.The expressions of dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ,tanshinone Ⅱ A,dehydromiltirone,miltirone,dehydrotanshinone ⅡA,spermine,salvianolic acid B/E,tetrasaccharide,and pentasaccharide in continuously cropped SMB roots were much lower than those in normal roots.There was little difference in the expressions of caffeic acid and salvianolic acid A in normal and continuously cropped SMB roots.Ferulic acid was more widely distributed in xylem of normal SMB but strongly expressed in xylem,phloem,and cambium of continuously cropped SMB.The spatially resolved metabolite information enhances our understanding of the metabolic signature of continuously cropped SMB and also provides insights into the metabolic effects of continuous cropping in other plants.展开更多
A novel paper-based analytical device(PAD)was prepared and applied to determine the xanthine oxidase(XOD)inhibitory activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts(SME).First,polycaprolactone was 3D printed on filter paper a...A novel paper-based analytical device(PAD)was prepared and applied to determine the xanthine oxidase(XOD)inhibitory activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts(SME).First,polycaprolactone was 3D printed on filter paper and heated to form hydrophobic barriers.Then the modified paper was cut according to the specific design.Necessary reagents including XOD for the colorimetric assay were immobilized on two separate pieces of paper.By simply adding phosphate buffer,the reaction was performed on the double-layer PAD.Quantitative results were obtained by analyzing the color intensity with the specialized device system(consisting of a smartphone,a detection box and sandwich plates).The 3Dprinted detection box was small,with a size of 9.0 cm×7.0 cm×11.5 cm.Color component G performed well in terms of linearity and detection limits and thus was identified as the index.The reaction conditions were optimized using a definitive screening design.Moreover,a 10%glycerol solution was found to be a suitable stabilizer.When the stabilizer was added,the activity of XOD could be maintained for at least 15 days under 4℃ or-20℃ storage conditions.The inhibitory activity of SME was investigated and compared to that of allopurinol.The results obtained with the PAD showed agreement with those obtained with the microplate method.In conclusion,the proposed PAD method is simple,accurate and has a potential for point-of-care testing.It also holds promise for use in rapid quality testing of medicinal herbs,intermediate products,and preparations of traditional Chinese medicines.展开更多
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge,known as red sage or Danshen,is commonly applied in Chinese herbal therapeutics for various biological effects.In 25-220 C.E.,the earliest Chinese Materia Medica referred to as Shengong’s Cl...Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge,known as red sage or Danshen,is commonly applied in Chinese herbal therapeutics for various biological effects.In 25-220 C.E.,the earliest Chinese Materia Medica referred to as Shengong’s Classic of Materia Medica(Eastern Han Dynasty of China,200 C.E.)initially documented Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.Currently,Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is one of the most frequently prescribed traditional Chinese medicines in clinics for antidiabetic,antianxiety,antihypertensive,antidepressant,antilipidemic,antiarrhythmic,and anticancer effects.Undoubtedly,it is best known for improving and promoting blood circulation;thus,its recommendation for use in cardiovascular disorders.Regarding this article,important information was sourced both manually and electronically using patent compendium and databases,including Google Scholar,herbal plant monographs,Hindawi,PubMed,Embase,CNKI,pharmacopoeias,Springer,etc.Well-concise details and discussions on the botany,traditional medicinal uses,chemical constituents-phytochemistry,pharmacokinetics,pharmacology,and toxicology information are presented.In perspective,understanding the comprehensive information of the above-stated fields with regards to Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge would yield an additional positive knowledge on areas that need urgent attention and identify gaps in research and safety for future consideration.展开更多
With the aid of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Geographic Information System(TCMGIS-I),on the basis of planting base of Yu Salvia miltiorrhiza in Fangcheng County of Henan Province,we selected key ecological factors...With the aid of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Geographic Information System(TCMGIS-I),on the basis of planting base of Yu Salvia miltiorrhiza in Fangcheng County of Henan Province,we selected key ecological factors such as the temperature,altitude,soil type,and precipitation that affect growth of Yu Salvia miltiorrhiza,and analyzed ecological suitability of Yu Salvia miltiorrhiza in China and in Henan Province.Results show that Yu Salvia miltiorrhiza has large suitable area in China,up to 10 provinces.At the similitude degree of 90% to 100%,its suitable distribution area can reach 309 205 km 2 theoretically.Among the suitable areas,the distribution area is large in Sichuan,Shaanxi,Jiangsu,Hubei and Henan provinces,each of which up to 24 000 km 2.At the similitude degree of 80% to 90%,the suitable areas of Yu Salvia miltiorrhiza are mainly in Fangcheng,Xichuan,Dengzhou,Xinyang and Nanzhao counties,which are consistent with record of relevant data.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 81973416)this research was funded by the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2021YFS0045).
文摘Root exudates serve as crucial mediators for information exchange between plants and soil,and are an important evolutionary mechanism for plants’adaptation to environmental changes.In this study,15 different abiotic stress models were established using various stress factors,including drought(D),high temperature(T),nitrogen deficiency(N),phosphorus deficiency(P),and their combinations.We investigated their effects on the seedling growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and the activities of Solid-Urease(S-UE),Solid-Nitrite Reductase(S-NiR),Solid-Nitrate Reductase(S-NR),Solid-Phosphotransferase(S-PT),and Solid-Catalase(S-CAT),as well as the contents of polysaccharides in the culture medium.The results showed that the growth of S.miltiorrhiza was inhibited under 15 stress conditions.Among them,13 stress conditions increased the root-shoot ratio.These 15 stress conditions significantly reduced the activity of S-NR,two combinations significantly improved the activity of S-NIR,they were synergistic stresses of high temperature and nitrogen deficiency(TN),and synergistic stresses of drought and nitrogen deficiency(DN)(p<0.05).The activity of S-UE was significantly improved under N,D,T,synergistic stresses of drought and high temperature(DT),DN,synergistic stresses of drought and phosphorus deficiency(DP),and synergistic stresses of high temperature,nitrogen,and phosphorus deficiency(TNP)stress conditions(p<0.05).Most stress combinations reduced the activity of S-PT,but D and T significantly improved it.(p<0.05).The N,DN,and TN stress conditions significantly reduced S-CAT activity.The P,DT,and synergistic stresses of drought,high temperature,and phosphorus deficiency(DTP)significantly decreased the total polysaccharide content of the soil(p<0.05).The research suggested that abiotic stress hindered the growth of S.miltiorrhiza and altered the behavior of root secretion.Roots regulated the secretion of several substances in response to various abiotic stresses,including soil nitrogen cycle enzymes,phosphorus transport-related enzymes,and antioxidant enzymes.In conclusion,plants regulate the utilization of rhizosphere substances in response to abiotic stresses by modulating the exudation of soil enzymes and polysaccharides by the root system.At the same time,soil carbon sequestration was affected by the adverse environment,which restricted the input of organic matter into the soil.
文摘The extraction technology of phenolic acid compounds from Salvia miltiorrhiza by ethanol reflux was studied. In this experiment, salvianolic acid B standard was used to make the standard curve. Single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were used to study the extraction of different ethanol concentrations, reflux times and material-to-liquid ratios. The OD value of salvianolic acid compounds was measured with a spectrophotometer. The extraction rate of phenolic acid compounds under different extraction conditions was calculated through a regression equation, so as to obtain the optimal conditions for the ethanol reflux extraction process of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The experimental data can provide a reference for the ethanol reflux extraction process of salvianolic acids in the industry. According to the experiment, the extraction rate of phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza was the highest when the ethanol concentration was 60%, the reflux time was 1.5 hours, and the ratio of material-to-liquid was 1:10.
基金This work was supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medi-cal Sciences(CIFMS)(2021-I2M-2-001).
文摘Salvia miltiorrhiza is a model medicinal plant with significant economic and medicinal value.Its roots produce a group of diterpenoid lipophilic bioactive components,termed tanshinones.Biosynthesis and regulation of tanshinones has attracted widespread interest.However,the methylome of S.miltiorrhiza has not been analysed and the regulatory mechanism of DNA methylation in tanshinone production is largely unknown.Here we report single-base resolution DNA methylomes from roots and leaves.Comparative analysis revealed differential methylation patterns for CG,CHG,and CHH contexts and the association between DNA methylation and the expression of genes and small RNAs.Lowly methylated genes always had higher expression levels and 24-nucleotide sRNAs could be key players in the RdDM pathway in S.miltiorrhiza.DNA methylation variation analysis showed that CHH methylation contributed mostly to the difference.Go enrichment analysis showed that diterpenoid biosynthetic process was significantly enriched for genes with downstream overlapping with hypoCHHDMR in July_root when comparing with those in March_root.Tanshinone biosynthesis-related enzyme genes,such as DXS2,CMK,IDI1,HMGR2,DXR,MDS,CYP76AH1,2OGD25,and CYP71D373,were less CHH methylated in gene promoters or downstream regions in roots collected in July than those collected in March.Consistently,gene expression was up-regulated in S.miltiorrhiza roots collected in July compared with March and the treatment of DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine significantly promoted tanshinone production.It suggests that DNA methylation plays a significant regulatory role in tanshinone biosynthesis in S.miltiorrhiza through changing the levels of CHH methylation in promoters or downstreams of key enzyme genes.
文摘Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(S.miltiorrhiza),a perennial plant of the genus Salvia,is widely used in traditional folklore medicine.Previous chemical research on this plant contains diterpenoid quinones,phenolic acids,polysaccharides and other compounds.The pharmacological investigation of S.miltiorrhiza has shown that it has various pharmacological activities,such as cardiovascular system protection,anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidant,anti-tumor,liver protection,and neuroprotection activities.This research tends to give an overview of the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of S.miltiorrhiza,aiming to reveal its potential value and provide reference for its further development.
文摘Aim Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge （SM） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DO） are both traditional Chi- nese medicine that have cardioprotective effects. Here, we further examined the combined effects of SM and DO on rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. The possible mechanism of SM and DO also were elucidated. Methods DO was divided into aqueous extract of lignum dalbergiae odoriferae （DOW） and lignum dalbergiae odoriferae oil （DOO）. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to seven groups： sham group, model group, treatment groups inclu- ding SM （10 g · kg^-1）, DOW （5 g · kg^-1）, DOO （0.5 ml · kg^-1）, SM ＋ DOW （10 g · kg^-1 ＋ 5 g · kg^-1）, SM ＋ DOO （ 10 g · kg^-1 ＋ 0. 5 ml · kg^-1）. Rats were pretreated with homologous drug for 7 days and then subjec- ted to 30 rain of ischemia followed by 180 rain of reperfusion. Electrocardiogram （ECG） and heart rate were moni- tored and recorded continuously. At the end of reperfusion, blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of creatine kinase-MB （CK-MB） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）. Hearts were harvested to assess heart- body rate, infarct size and histopathological changes as well. Maximum and minimum effective points were deter- mined by measuring indicators associate with myocardial injury at different time-points of reperfusion （Smin, 15min, 30min, 45rain, 60min, 120min, 180min）. The potential therapeutic mechanism of SM and SM ＋ DOO were carried out by detecting superoxide dismutase （SOD）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-alpha） and interleukin 6 （IL-6）. Results The results showed SM and DO can ameliorate cardiac function respectively, and this cardioprotective effect was further strengthened by their combinations. Among all the combi- nations, SM ＋ DOO showed predominant potential to improve ECG and heart rate, reduce heart-body rate （28.5% ＋ 1.4% , P 〈 0.01 vs model） and myocardial infarct size （ 20.96% ＋ 1.61% , P 〈 0.01 vs model, P 〈 0.05 vs SM） , attenuate histopathological damage, decrease the levels of CK-MB and LDH （P 〈 0.01 vs model, P 〈 0.05 vs SM）. The maximum effective points of SM and SM ＋ DOO were 15min and 30rain respectively, and the minimum effective points of them were 180rain. In reducing serum level of MDA, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and increasing SOD activ- ity, SM ＋ DOO was similar to SM. Conclusion The results of this study indicated that SM ＋ DOO have combined effects that are highly effective than single pretreatment against myocardial ischemie reperfusion injury in rats. The possible mechanism of SM and DO were likely through its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and thus may be an effective and promising medicine for both prophylaxis and treatment of ischemic heart disease.
基金This study was supported by grants from Science and Technology Foundation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province (No. 2004C142) and the Foundation ofScience and Technology of Hangzhou (No. 2005224).
文摘BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common acute abdomen with high mortality, multiple complications and complicated causes. There is no effective therapy for AP. Radix salviae miltiorrhizae (Danshen), a traditional herbal medicine, has a low price and a wide range of clinical applications. It is effective to promote blood flow, eliminate stagnancy, and relieve pain. It is also found to be effective in treating AP. We reviewed the progress in research into the mechanism of Radix salviae miltiorrhizae in treatment of AP. DATA SOURCES: An english-language literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (1988-2005) on Radix salviae miltiorrhizae (Danshen) and acute pancreatitis. RESULTS: The mechanisms of Danshen in the treatment of AP include improvement of microcirculatory disturbances; elimination of oxygen free radicals; modulation of the metabolism of lipid inflammatory mediator; and blocking of calcium inflow and prevention of calcium overload.CONCLUSION: Danshen can effectively reduce the mortality and complications of AP.
基金This study was supported by grants from the NationalBasic Research Program (973) of China ( No. 2003CB515506),Postdoctoral Fund of China (20040350233), and Research Grantawarded by the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang UniversitySchool of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
文摘BACKGROUND: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury may induce intestinal microflora imbalance. Salvia miltiorrhiza is effective in promoting blood circulation and counteracting peroxidation in tissues. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza on intestinal mi- croflora, endotoxemia, and bacterial translocation in rats with hepatic I/R injury. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats in specific pathogen free grade were divided into 3 groups: group I(n =6) for sham operation: groups ( n = 7) for liver ische- mia for 20 minutes and reperfusion for 22 hours. Group was also pretreated with 4 ml/day of Salvia miltiorrhiza solu- tion (250 mg/kg) by daily gavage for 7 days. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino- transferase (AST), malondialdehyde ( MDA) and supero- xide dismutase ( SOD ) in liver tissues, serum endotoxin, intestinal bacterial counts, intestinal mucosal histology and bacterial translocation were studied. RESULTS: The levels of ALT, AST, plasma endotoxin and MDA in liver tissues were decreased more markedly in group (57.57 ± 18.08 U/L, 147.57 ±40.84 U/L, 0.42 ± 0.144 EU/ml and 0. 52 ±0.19 nmol/mg-prot respectively) in group 295.9±216.92 U/L, 0.80± 0.262 EU/ml and 0.72±0.12 nmol/mg-prot; P <0.05-0.01 respectively). Liver SOD activity was increased more sig- nificantly in group (318.47±64.62 U/mg-prot) than in group U/mg-prot, P<0.05). The counts of Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides increased more significantly in group than in group but were similar to those in group I. Bacterial translocation to the kidney in group was 50% (5/10), whereas no bacterial translocation to the kidney occurred in the other two groups (P <0. 01). Ileal mucosal structure was markedly ameliorated in group as compared with group CONCLUSIONS: Salviae miltiorrhiza could partially restore intestinal microflora balance, improve intestinal mucosal integrity, and reduce bacterial translocation and plasma en- dotoxin in rats with hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81173469 and No.81273891the Key New Drug Creation and Manufacturing Program,No.2012ZX09304007
文摘AIM:To investigate the hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms of an extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius in vivo.METHODS:C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to five groups and intraperitoneally administered 0.9% saline,Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius extract [Danhong injection(DHI),0.75 and 3 g/kg mixed extract] or reduced glutathione for injection(RGI,300 mg/kg) for 30 min before exposure to lipopolysaccharide(LPS,16 mg/kg). After intraperitoneal LPS stimulation for 90 min or 6 h,the mice were sacrificed by ether anaesthesia,and serum and liver samples were collected. Histological analysis(H&E) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nick end-labelling(TUNEL) staining were performed. Alanine transferase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST),total bilirubin(TBil),glutathione-S-transferase(GST),malondialdehyde(MDA),tumour necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-6,and caspase-3 levels were measured. Bax,Bcl-2,P-IκBα,IκBα,P-NF-κB p65,and NF-κB p65 protein levels were determined by Western blot. TNF-α,IL-6,caspase-3,Bax and Bcl-2 m RNA expression was measured by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).RESULTS:Hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL results suggested that DHI(3 g/kg) treatment alleviated inflammatory and apoptotic(P < 0.01) injury in the liver of mice. DHI treatment dose-dependently blunted the abnormal changes in biochemical parameters such as ALT(72.53 ± 2.83 for 3 g/kg,P < 0.01),AST(76.97 ± 5.00 for 3 g/kg,P < 0.01),TBil(1.17 ± 0.10 for 3 g/kg,P < 0.01),MDA(0.81 ± 0.36 for 3 g/kg,P < 0.01),and GST(358.86 ± 12.09 for 3 g/kg,P < 0.01). Moreover,DHI(3 g/kg) remarkably decreased LPS-induced protein expression of TNF-α(340.55 ± 10.18 for 3 g/kg,P < 0.01),IL-6(261.34 ± 10.18 for 3 g/kg,P < 0.01),and enzyme activity of caspase-3(0.93 ± 0.029 for 3 g/kg,P < 0.01). The LPS-induced m RNA expression of TNF-α,IL-6 and caspase-3 was also decreased by DHI. Western blot analysis revealed that DHI antagonised LPS-stimulated decrease of Bcl-2 and increase of Bax protein expression. Furthermore,DHI inhibited LPS-induced IκBα and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation.CONCLUSION:DHI may be a multi-function protectant against acute hepatic injury in mice through its antiinflammatory,anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of Salviae miltiorrhizae on cirrhosis and portal hyperiension byinhibiting nitric oxide synthase type Ⅱ (NOSⅡ) in rats.METHODS: Real time RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of NOSII mRNA. The enzymaticactivity of nitric oxide synthase and the circulating levels of nitric oxide (NO), systemic and portalhemodynamics, and quantification of cirrhosis were measured with highly sensitive methods. TraditionalChinese medicine was utilized to treat cirrhotic rats and the function of NO was evaluated.Double-blind method was applied in the experiment constantly.RESULTS: The concentration of NO increased markedly at all stages of cirrhosis, and so did theenzymatic activity of NOS, antl the iNOSmRNA expressed greatly. Meanwhile theportal-venous-pressure (PVP), portal-venous-now (PVF) increased significantly. NO, Nos andiNOSmHNA were positively correlated to the quanlity of hepatic fihrosis. Salviae Miltiorrhizae significantlyinhibited NO production and inhibited the expression of iNOSmRNA.CONCLUSIONS: The increased hepatic expression of NoSIⅡ is one of the important factors causingcirrhosis and portal hypertension. Salviae Miltiorrhizae significantly ameliorates cirrhosis and portalhypertension.
文摘The effects of salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (SMB) on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats and the action mechanism were investigated. Normal Wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats were used as negative control, and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly assigned to receive pla- cebo or SMB. SMB (1 g/kg·d) was injected intraperitoneally for 12 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were measured. HE, VG and immunohistochemical staining combined with computed morphometry were employed to evaluate the cardiomyocyte size, diameter, the collagen volume fraction (CVF), perivascular circumferential area (PVCA), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in the left ventricular tissue. The results showed, as compared with WKY rats, the SBP, LVMI, cardiomyocyte size, diameter, CVF, PCVA, and TNF-α expression were increased markedly in the 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats. SMB decreased LVMI (P<0.01), size of cardiomyocytes (P<0.01), collagen volume fraction (P<0.01), perivascular circum- ferential area (P<0.01), and TNF-α expression (P<0.01), but had no effect on SBP (P>0.05). It was suggested that chronic administration of SMB could inhibit and reverse the development of LVH in spontaneously hypertensive rats independent of BP. TNF-α may be involved in the reversal mecha- nism of LVH by SMB.
文摘Objective: To study the effect of adjuvant therapy with salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine injection on neural function injury, degree of oxidative stress reaction, chemotactic factor and adhesion molecule in patients with ischemic stroke. <br> Methods: Patients with ischemic stroke admitted in our hospital from August 2013 to October 2015 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into conventional treatment (CT) group receiving conventional treatment and traditional Chinese medicine auxiliary (TCMA) group receiving adjuvant therapy with salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine injection. After the treatment of the first month and the third month, serum was collected to detect the contents of nerve injury molecules, oxidative stress parameters, chemotactic factor and adhesion molecule. <br> Results: After the 4-week treatment, the contents of serum neuron specific enolase, S100 calcium-binding protein B, heart-type fatty acid binding protein, malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,CD40,CD40 ligand, vascular endothelial cadherin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 in patients ofTCMA group were all significantly lower than those of CT group, and the contents of superoxidase dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were significantly higher than those of CT group. After the 8-week treatment, the contents of serum neuron specific enolase, S100 calcium-binding protein B, heart-type fatty acid binding protein, malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1,CD40, CD40 ligand, vascular endothelial cadherin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 in patients ofTCMA group were all significantly lower than those of CT group and the contents of superoxidase dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were significantly higher than those of CT group. <br> Conclusions: Adjuvant therapy with salviae miltiorrhizae and ligustrazine injection can alleviate the neural function injury, inhibit oxidative stress reaction and the generation of chemotactic factor and adhesion molecule in patients with ischemic stroke, which is an effective medicine for treating ischemic stroke.
基金supported by the sub-project of Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program(2006BA106A-04)
文摘Objective To select the strains which can produce tanshinone ⅡA like its host plant Salvia miltiorrhiza bung.Methods A total of 50 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy,living and symptomless tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza bung,among which 29 strains were obtained from the root,14 from the stem,3 from the leaf,3 from the flower and 1 from the seed.Their antimicrobial activities against nine different bacteria,including both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria,were measured by Oxford plate agar diffusion bioassay.Results Our data showed that all but four strains had significant antibacterial activities on at least one indicator bacterium to some extent,and five strains(DR1,DR4,DR16,DR18 and DF2)manifested quite prominent antibacterial activities against certain pathogenic bacteria.In some degree,it might indicate that this endophytic fungus isolated from the tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza bung has a potential value as a natural antibacterial medicine as well.Thin layer chromatography(TLC)and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)were carried out to test selected strains,both inside and outside of the cell to see if any strain can produce tanshinone ⅡA.The result showed that extracts from three strains,labeled as DR12(outside cell),DR21(inside cell)and DF3(inside cell),had a component with the same Rf value in TLC assay as that of authentic tanshinone ⅡA.The extract from DR12(outside cell)and DR21(inside cell)had a peak at retention time identical to that of authentic tanshinone ⅡA in HPLC.Conclusion The fungi appear to produce the bioactive compound tanshinone ⅡA,and they could be used to produce tanshinone ⅡA by fermentation.It provides a new way to synthesize this natural medicine.
基金supported by the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.:tsqn202103096 for C.Sun and Grant No.:ts201511068 for L.Guo)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82003886)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.:2017YFC1700703 and 2017YFC-1702701).
文摘Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge(SMB)has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Growing clinical usage has led to a huge demand for artificial planting of SMB.Thus,continuous cropping of SMB is an important challenge that needs to be addressed.Continuous cropping can alter the metabolic profile of plants,resulting in poor growth and low yield.In this study,we tried to image the spatial location and variation of endogenous metabolites in continuously cropped SMB using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging(MALDIMSI).Spatially resolved expressions of tanshinones,salvianolic acids,polyamines,phenolic acids,amino acids,and oligosaccharides in normal and continuously cropped SMB roots were compared.The expressions of dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ,tanshinone Ⅱ A,dehydromiltirone,miltirone,dehydrotanshinone ⅡA,spermine,salvianolic acid B/E,tetrasaccharide,and pentasaccharide in continuously cropped SMB roots were much lower than those in normal roots.There was little difference in the expressions of caffeic acid and salvianolic acid A in normal and continuously cropped SMB roots.Ferulic acid was more widely distributed in xylem of normal SMB but strongly expressed in xylem,phloem,and cambium of continuously cropped SMB.The spatially resolved metabolite information enhances our understanding of the metabolic signature of continuously cropped SMB and also provides insights into the metabolic effects of continuous cropping in other plants.
基金The authors would like to thank the support of the National S&T Major Project of China(Grant No.:2018ZX09201011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81503242)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.:2018FZA7018).
文摘A novel paper-based analytical device(PAD)was prepared and applied to determine the xanthine oxidase(XOD)inhibitory activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts(SME).First,polycaprolactone was 3D printed on filter paper and heated to form hydrophobic barriers.Then the modified paper was cut according to the specific design.Necessary reagents including XOD for the colorimetric assay were immobilized on two separate pieces of paper.By simply adding phosphate buffer,the reaction was performed on the double-layer PAD.Quantitative results were obtained by analyzing the color intensity with the specialized device system(consisting of a smartphone,a detection box and sandwich plates).The 3Dprinted detection box was small,with a size of 9.0 cm×7.0 cm×11.5 cm.Color component G performed well in terms of linearity and detection limits and thus was identified as the index.The reaction conditions were optimized using a definitive screening design.Moreover,a 10%glycerol solution was found to be a suitable stabilizer.When the stabilizer was added,the activity of XOD could be maintained for at least 15 days under 4℃ or-20℃ storage conditions.The inhibitory activity of SME was investigated and compared to that of allopurinol.The results obtained with the PAD showed agreement with those obtained with the microplate method.In conclusion,the proposed PAD method is simple,accurate and has a potential for point-of-care testing.It also holds promise for use in rapid quality testing of medicinal herbs,intermediate products,and preparations of traditional Chinese medicines.
基金Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(No.2019KJ083).
文摘Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge,known as red sage or Danshen,is commonly applied in Chinese herbal therapeutics for various biological effects.In 25-220 C.E.,the earliest Chinese Materia Medica referred to as Shengong’s Classic of Materia Medica(Eastern Han Dynasty of China,200 C.E.)initially documented Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.Currently,Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is one of the most frequently prescribed traditional Chinese medicines in clinics for antidiabetic,antianxiety,antihypertensive,antidepressant,antilipidemic,antiarrhythmic,and anticancer effects.Undoubtedly,it is best known for improving and promoting blood circulation;thus,its recommendation for use in cardiovascular disorders.Regarding this article,important information was sourced both manually and electronically using patent compendium and databases,including Google Scholar,herbal plant monographs,Hindawi,PubMed,Embase,CNKI,pharmacopoeias,Springer,etc.Well-concise details and discussions on the botany,traditional medicinal uses,chemical constituents-phytochemistry,pharmacokinetics,pharmacology,and toxicology information are presented.In perspective,understanding the comprehensive information of the above-stated fields with regards to Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge would yield an additional positive knowledge on areas that need urgent attention and identify gaps in research and safety for future consideration.
基金Supported by the Excellent Youth Foundation of Henan Scientific Committee (074100510018)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (20070410616)
文摘With the aid of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Geographic Information System(TCMGIS-I),on the basis of planting base of Yu Salvia miltiorrhiza in Fangcheng County of Henan Province,we selected key ecological factors such as the temperature,altitude,soil type,and precipitation that affect growth of Yu Salvia miltiorrhiza,and analyzed ecological suitability of Yu Salvia miltiorrhiza in China and in Henan Province.Results show that Yu Salvia miltiorrhiza has large suitable area in China,up to 10 provinces.At the similitude degree of 90% to 100%,its suitable distribution area can reach 309 205 km 2 theoretically.Among the suitable areas,the distribution area is large in Sichuan,Shaanxi,Jiangsu,Hubei and Henan provinces,each of which up to 24 000 km 2.At the similitude degree of 80% to 90%,the suitable areas of Yu Salvia miltiorrhiza are mainly in Fangcheng,Xichuan,Dengzhou,Xinyang and Nanzhao counties,which are consistent with record of relevant data.
