The relation between seed viability and waterstatus in seed was studied. The experimentwas carried out at Zhongshan University.Seeds of hybrid rice Shanyou 63 were collectedfrom Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sci-en...The relation between seed viability and waterstatus in seed was studied. The experimentwas carried out at Zhongshan University.Seeds of hybrid rice Shanyou 63 were collectedfrom Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sci-ences in 1993 and then stored for one year inopen air or with silica gel. Before and afterstorage, the relative content of free water展开更多
Carbon capture,utilization and storage (CCUS) is considered as a very important technology for mitigating global climate change.Carbon dioxide (CO2) injected into an underground reservoir will induce changes in its ph...Carbon capture,utilization and storage (CCUS) is considered as a very important technology for mitigating global climate change.Carbon dioxide (CO2) injected into an underground reservoir will induce changes in its physical properties and the migration of CO2 will be affected by many factors.Accurately understanding these changes and migration characteristics of CO2 is crucial for selecting a CCUS project site,estimating storage capacity and ensuring storage security.In this paper,the basic principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies are briefly introduced in the context of laboratory experiments related to CCUS.The types of NMR apparatus,experimental samples and testing approaches applied worldwide are discussed and analyzed.Then two typical NMR core analysis systems used in CCUS field and a self-developed high-pressure,low-field NMR rock core flooding experimental system are compared.Finally,a summary of the current deficiencies related to NMR applied to CCUS field is given and future research plans are proposed.展开更多
Aiming at actual condition of poor effect of hole sealing for the reason of poor cement paste fluidity in the process of coal mine gas drainage,by adding a water reducing agent,cement paste for hole sealing was produc...Aiming at actual condition of poor effect of hole sealing for the reason of poor cement paste fluidity in the process of coal mine gas drainage,by adding a water reducing agent,cement paste for hole sealing was produced.The changes of initial distribution,weighted average values and total relaxation signal intensity of transverse relaxation time(T 2) of water in pure cement paste and water reducing agent added cement paste were studied with low field proton nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).The results show that there are four peaks in T2 distribution curves of cement paste:the first peak is related to the bound water in flocculation,the second and the third peaks are related to the water in flocculation,water reducing agent makes it extending towards the long relaxation time,increasing its liquidity,and the fourth peak is related to the free water.By using weighted average values of T2 and total relaxation signal intensity,hydration process of cement pastes could be roughly divided into four stages:the initial period,reaction period,accelerated period and steady period.By analyzing the periods,it makes sure that the grouting process should be completed in the reaction period in the site,and the drainage process should be started in the steady period.The results have great guiding significance to the hole sealing and methane drainage.展开更多
Pyrolysis has the potential of transforming waste into recyclable products. Pyrolytic carbon black (PCB) is one of the most important products from the pyrolysis of used tires. Techniques for surface modifications of ...Pyrolysis has the potential of transforming waste into recyclable products. Pyrolytic carbon black (PCB) is one of the most important products from the pyrolysis of used tires. Techniques for surface modifications of PCB have been developed. One of the most significant applications for modified PCB is to reinforce the rubber matrix to obtain high added values. The transverse relaxation and the chain dynamics of vulcanized rubber networks with PCB and modified PCB were studied and compared with those of the commercial carbon blacks using selective 1H transverse relaxation (T2) experiments and dipolar correlation effect (DCE) experiments on the stimulated echo. Demineralization and coupling agent modification not only intensified the interactions between the modified PCB and the neighboring polyisoprene chains, but also increased the chemical cross-link density of the vulcanized rubber with modified PCB. The mechanical testing of the rubbers with different kinds of carbon blacks showed that the maximum strain of the rubber with modified PCB was improved greatly. The mechanical testing results confirmed the conclusion obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). PCB modified by the demineralization and NDZ-105 titanate coupling agent could be used to replace the commercial semi-reinforcing carbon black.展开更多
Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) is one of the most powerful tools to explore new quantum states of condensed matter induced by high magnetic fields at a microscopic level. High magnetic field enhances the intensity of...Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) is one of the most powerful tools to explore new quantum states of condensed matter induced by high magnetic fields at a microscopic level. High magnetic field enhances the intensity of the NMR signal, and more importantly, can induce novel phenomena. In this article, examples are given on the field-induced charge density wave(CDW) in high-Tc superconductors and on the studies of quantum spin liquids. We provide a brief introduction to the high magnetic field NMR platform, the station 4 of the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SECUF), being built at Huairou, Beijing.展开更多
The newly discovered iron-based superconductors have triggered renewed enormous research interest in the condensed matter physics community. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a low-energy local probe for studying st...The newly discovered iron-based superconductors have triggered renewed enormous research interest in the condensed matter physics community. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a low-energy local probe for studying strongly correlated electrons, and particularly important for high-T C superconductors. In this paper, we review NMR studies on the structural transition, antiferromagnetic order, spin fluctuations, and superconducting properties of several iron-based high-T C superconductors, including LaFeAsO1-xF x , LaFeAsO1-x , BaFe2As2 , Ba1-xKxFe2As2 , Ca0.23Na0.67Fe2As2 , BaFe2 (As1-xPx )2 , Ba(Fe1-xRux )2As2 , Ba(Fe1-x Cox )2 As2 , Li1+xFeAs, LiFe1-xCoxAs, NaFeAs, NaFe1-xCoxAs, KyFe2-xSe2 , and (Tl,Rb)yFe2-x Se2.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) assignments of hydrolyzed products extracted from human blood plasma.The correlations between chemical,functional and structural propert...The purpose of this study was to investigate the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) assignments of hydrolyzed products extracted from human blood plasma.The correlations between chemical,functional and structural properties of highly toxic pesticides were investigated using the PreADME analysis.We observed that toxic pesticides possessed higher molecular weight and,more hydrogen bond donors and acceptors when compared with less toxic pesticides.The occurrence of functional groups and structural properties was analyzed using 1H-NMR.The 1HNMR spectra of the phosphomethoxy class of pesticides were characterized by methyl resonances at 3.7-3.9 ppm(δ) with the coupling constants of 11-16 Hz(JP-CH3).In phosphoethoxy pesticides,the methyl resonance was about 1.4 ppm(δ) with the coupling constant of 10 Hz(JP-CH2) and the methylene resonances was 4.2-4.4 ppm(δ) with the coupling constant of 0.8 Hz(JP-CH3),respectively.Our study shows that the values of four parameters such as chemical shift,coupling constant,integration and relaxation time correlated with the concentration of toxic pesticides,and can be used to characterise the proton groups in the molecular structures of toxic pesticides.展开更多
The chemical structure of heavy oil fractions obtained by liquid-solid adsorption chromatography was character-ized by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction.The molecular weight and molecular formula of...The chemical structure of heavy oil fractions obtained by liquid-solid adsorption chromatography was character-ized by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction.The molecular weight and molecular formula of asphaltene molecules were estimated by combining 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction analyses,and were also ob-tained from vapor pressure osmometry and elemental analysis.Heteroatoms,such as S,N,and O atoms,were considered in the construction of average molecular structure of heavy oils.Two important structural parameters were proposed,including the number of alkyl chain substituents to aromatic rings and the number of total rings with heteroatoms.Ultimately,the av-erage molecular structures of polycyclic aromatics,heavy resins and asphaltene molecules were constructed.The number of α-,β-,γ-,and aromatic hydrogen atoms of the constructed average molecular structures fits well with the number of hydro-gen atoms derived from the experimental spectral data.展开更多
The unfrozen water content of rock during freezing and thawing has an important influence on its physical and mechanical properties.This study presented a model for calculating the unfrozen water content of rock durin...The unfrozen water content of rock during freezing and thawing has an important influence on its physical and mechanical properties.This study presented a model for calculating the unfrozen water content of rock during freezing and thawing process,considering the influence of unfrozen water film and rock pore structure,which can reflect the hysteresis and super-cooling effects.The pore size distribution cu rves of red sandsto ne and its unfrozen water conte nt under different temperatures during the freezing and thawing process were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) to validate the proposed model.Comparison between the experimental and calculated results indicated that the theoretical model accu rately reflected the water content change law of red sandstone during the freezing and thawing process.Furthermore,the influences of Hamaker constant and surface relaxation parameter on the model results were examined.The results showed that the appropriate magnitude order of Hamaker constant for the red sandstone was 10J to 10J;and when the relaxation parameter of the rock surface was within 25-30 μm/ms,the calculated unfrozen water content using the proposed model was consistent with the experimental value.展开更多
In this work,the authors monitored the formation and dissociation process of methane hydrate in four different rock core samples through nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)relaxation time(T_(2))and 2D imaging measurement....In this work,the authors monitored the formation and dissociation process of methane hydrate in four different rock core samples through nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)relaxation time(T_(2))and 2D imaging measurement.The result shows that the intensity of T_(2) spectra and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)signals gradually decreases in the hydrate formation process,and at the same time,the T_(2) spectra move toward the left domain as the growth of hydrate in the pores of the sample accelerates the decay rate.The hydrate grows and dissociates preferentially in the purer sandstone samples with larger pore size and higher porosity.Significantly,for the sample with lower porosity and higher argillaceous content,the intensity of the T_(2) spectra also shows a trend of a great decrease in the hydrate formation process,which means that high-saturation gas hydrate can also be formed in the sample with higher argillaceous content.The changes in MRI of the sample in the process show that the formation and dissociation of methane hydrate can reshape the distribution of water in the pores.展开更多
The resistivity experimental measurements of core samples drilled from low permeability reservoirs of Ordos Basin,Northwest China,illustrate that the cementation factors are not agminate,but vary from 1.335 to 1.749.T...The resistivity experimental measurements of core samples drilled from low permeability reservoirs of Ordos Basin,Northwest China,illustrate that the cementation factors are not agminate,but vary from 1.335 to 1.749.This leads to a challenge for the estimation of water and hydrocarbon saturation.Based on the analysis of Purcell equation and assumption that rock resistivity is determined by the parallel connection of numerous capillary resistances,a theoretical expression of cementation factor in terms of porosity and permeability is established.Then,cementation factor can be calculated if the parameters of porosity and permeability are determined.In the field application,porosity can be easily obtained by conventional logs.However,it is a tough challenge to estimate permeability due to the strong heterogeneity of low permeability reservoirs.Thus,the Schlumberger Doll Research(SDR)model derived from NMR logs has been proposed to estimate permeability.Based on the analysis of the theoretical expressions of cementation factor and SDR model,a novel cementation factor prediction model,which is relevant to porosity and logarithmic mean of NMR T2spectrum(T2lm),is derived.The advantage of this model is that all the input information can be acquired from NMR logs accurately.In order to confirm the credibility of the novel model,the resistivity and corresponding laboratory NMR measurements of 27 core samples are conducted.The credibility of the model is confirmed by comparing the predicted cementation factors with the core analyzed results.The absolute errors for all core samples are lower than 0.071.Once this model is extended to field application,the accuracy of water and hydrocarbon saturation estimation will be significantly improved.展开更多
Diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors(DMSs) that combine the properties of semiconductors with ferromagnetism have potential application in spin-sensitive electronic(spintronic) devices. The search for DMS materials ex...Diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors(DMSs) that combine the properties of semiconductors with ferromagnetism have potential application in spin-sensitive electronic(spintronic) devices. The search for DMS materials exploded after the observation of ferromagnetic ordering in Ⅲ-Ⅴ(Ga,Mn)As films. Recently, a series of DMS compounds isostructural to iron-based superconductors have been reported. Among them, the highest Curie temperature T_Co f 230 K has been achieved in(Ba,K)(Zn,Mn)_2As_2. However, most DMSs, including(Ga,Mn)As, are p-type, i.e., the carriers that mediate the ferromagnetism are holes. For practical applications, DMSs with n-type carriers are also advantageous. Very recently,a new DMS Ba(Zn,Co)_2As_2 with n-type carriers has been synthesized. Here we summarize the recent progress on this research stream. We will show that the homogeneous ferromagnetism in these bulk form DMSs has been confirmed by microscopic techniques, i.e., nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and muon spin rotation(μSR).展开更多
Due to the poor physical properties of tight reservoirs,CO_(2) huff-n-puff(HNP)is considered a potential enhanced oil recovery(EOR)method after primary depletion.Optimization plays a critical role in the effective imp...Due to the poor physical properties of tight reservoirs,CO_(2) huff-n-puff(HNP)is considered a potential enhanced oil recovery(EOR)method after primary depletion.Optimization plays a critical role in the effective implementation of CO_(2) huff-n-puff.But the optimization requires a good understanding of the EOR mechanisms.In this work,the spatial distribution of oil saturation under different experimental conditions was analyzed by the NMR method to further discuss the HNP mechanisms.According to the variation of 1D frequency signal amplitude,we divided the core into the hardly movable area and movable area,the region with the obvious signal decline was defined as the movable area,and the hardly movable area was the region with limited signal decline.Based on that the recovery characteristics of different scenarios were evaluated.Firstly,the necessity of the soaking stage was studied,where three scenarios with different soaking times were carried out.Secondly,the injection pressure was adjusted to investigate the effect of the pressure gradient.The T_(2) spectra show that soaking has significantly improved the production of crude oil in small pores,and higher oil recovery in a single cycle is observed,but it is lower when the elapsed time(total operation time)is the same.31.03% of oil can be recovered after 3 cycles HNP,which increases to 33.8% and 37.06% for the 4 cycles and 6 cycles cases.As the pressure gradient increases,more oil is removed out of the matrix,and the oil in the deep part of the reservoir can be effectively recovered.During the CO_(2) huff-n-puff process,the oil distributions are similar to the solution gas drive,the residual oil is distributed at the close end of the core and the range that the oil can be efficiently recovered is limited.展开更多
本研究通过使用灵敏度增强的带梯度形状脉冲进行异核单量子相干(HSQC)实验检测保健食品中违法添加的西地那非类物质。待测样品以甲醇溶解超声辅助提取,减压浓缩后以氘代DMSO溶解上机测试;利用Assure-NMR软件将得到的未知样品异核单量子...本研究通过使用灵敏度增强的带梯度形状脉冲进行异核单量子相干(HSQC)实验检测保健食品中违法添加的西地那非类物质。待测样品以甲醇溶解超声辅助提取,减压浓缩后以氘代DMSO溶解上机测试;利用Assure-NMR软件将得到的未知样品异核单量子相干(Heteronculear Single Quantum Coherence)谱图与已知西地那非类物质谱图进行模拟匹配。本方法检出限可以达到200μg·kg-1,能快速有效的对保健食品中西地那非类物质的违法添加侦察识别。该方法简便快捷,可以为食品安全监管部门提供一种新颖便捷的那非类物质监管稽查参考办法。展开更多
该文对不同发酵阶段的黄酒样品进行低场核磁共振(low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)检测,比较了陈酿时间、酒精度和品牌对黄酒低场核磁弛豫特性的影响,最后对9个品牌黄酒的LF-NMR弛豫信息进行了主成分分析。结果表明,发酵...该文对不同发酵阶段的黄酒样品进行低场核磁共振(low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)检测,比较了陈酿时间、酒精度和品牌对黄酒低场核磁弛豫特性的影响,最后对9个品牌黄酒的LF-NMR弛豫信息进行了主成分分析。结果表明,发酵后样品的单组分弛豫时间(T_(2W))显著缩短,而陈酿后黄酒的T_(2W)又相对延长。多组分弛豫图谱(T_(2))表明,对照组和浸米样品均只有1个峰。发酵后样品的T_(2)图谱均出现2个峰。从第一次发酵到煎酒期间,T_(21)和T_(22)不断缩短,而陈酿期间T_(21)和T_(22)相对延长。同一品牌及陈酿时间的黄酒,酒精度越大,体系的T_(2W),T_(21)和T_(22)越短;同一品牌及酒精度下,陈酿时间仅对T_(21)有一定影响。不同品牌黄酒因酿造工艺的区别而使弛豫分布有一定特点。主成分分析表明,不同酒精度、陈酿时间、品牌及种类的黄酒的弛豫特性的PCA分布及间距不同。说明应用LF-NMR技术可实现对不同工艺生产的黄酒的快速辨别。展开更多
This paper demonstrates capabilities of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and microfocus X-ray computed tomography (μCT) in advanced, nondestructive, and quantitative characterization of pore types, producib...This paper demonstrates capabilities of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and microfocus X-ray computed tomography (μCT) in advanced, nondestructive, and quantitative characterization of pore types, producible porosity, pore structure, and spatial disposition of pore-fractures in coals. Results show that the NMR transverse relaxation time (T2) at 0.5–2.5, 20–50, and >100 ms correspond to pores of <0.1 μm, >0.1 μm, and fractures, respectively. A much higher T2 spectrum peak reflects a much better development of pores (or fractures) corresponding to the T2, and vice versa. Three basic components in coals, i.e., the pores (or fractures), coal matrix, and minerals have their distinctive range of CT numbers. Among these, the CT number of pores is commonly less than 600 HU. The producible porosity, which is a determination of permeability, can be calculated by T2 cutoff value (T2C) of coal NMR. The coal pore structure can be efficiently estimated by the newly proposed "T2C based model". Finally, μCT scan was proven capable of modeling and spatial visualization of pores and fractures.展开更多
Beginning from the first kind of integral equation, two kinds of methods, i. e. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and transform that are fit for the inversion calculation of NMR multi-relaxation data from rock, have ...Beginning from the first kind of integral equation, two kinds of methods, i. e. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and transform that are fit for the inversion calculation of NMR multi-relaxation data from rock, have been derived. The mathematical processing was discussed in detail. The advantage and disadvantage of the two methods have been compared in theory and application. From the view of the degree of freedom of the inversion solution, we discussed the resolution of the solution of NMR relaxation inversion and the selection of optimal inversion modeling. Results showed that SVD method is fit for the inversion of NMR relaxation data with a higher signal to noise ratio and transform inversion method is more flexible and can be used in NMR data with a lower signal to noise ratio. It is advisable that transform inversion method be selected for the multi-relaxation inversion of rock NMR data. SVD method can be used when the signal to noise ratio is better than 80. In order to ensure the accuracy, the number of T2 points should be varied from 30 to 50. The results of the research are useful for NMR core analysis and the interpretation of NMR logging data.展开更多
文摘The relation between seed viability and waterstatus in seed was studied. The experimentwas carried out at Zhongshan University.Seeds of hybrid rice Shanyou 63 were collectedfrom Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sci-ences in 1993 and then stored for one year inopen air or with silica gel. Before and afterstorage, the relative content of free water
基金supported by the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and GeotechnicalEngineering, IRSM, CAS (Grant No. Z017002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41872210 and 41274111)financial support from the China-Australia Geological Storage of CO_2 (CAGS) Project funded by the Australian Government under the auspices of the China-Australia Joint Coordination Group on Clean Coal Technology
文摘Carbon capture,utilization and storage (CCUS) is considered as a very important technology for mitigating global climate change.Carbon dioxide (CO2) injected into an underground reservoir will induce changes in its physical properties and the migration of CO2 will be affected by many factors.Accurately understanding these changes and migration characteristics of CO2 is crucial for selecting a CCUS project site,estimating storage capacity and ensuring storage security.In this paper,the basic principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies are briefly introduced in the context of laboratory experiments related to CCUS.The types of NMR apparatus,experimental samples and testing approaches applied worldwide are discussed and analyzed.Then two typical NMR core analysis systems used in CCUS field and a self-developed high-pressure,low-field NMR rock core flooding experimental system are compared.Finally,a summary of the current deficiencies related to NMR applied to CCUS field is given and future research plans are proposed.
基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50804048 and 51274195)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2012571)the State Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2011CB201205)
文摘Aiming at actual condition of poor effect of hole sealing for the reason of poor cement paste fluidity in the process of coal mine gas drainage,by adding a water reducing agent,cement paste for hole sealing was produced.The changes of initial distribution,weighted average values and total relaxation signal intensity of transverse relaxation time(T 2) of water in pure cement paste and water reducing agent added cement paste were studied with low field proton nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).The results show that there are four peaks in T2 distribution curves of cement paste:the first peak is related to the bound water in flocculation,the second and the third peaks are related to the water in flocculation,water reducing agent makes it extending towards the long relaxation time,increasing its liquidity,and the fourth peak is related to the free water.By using weighted average values of T2 and total relaxation signal intensity,hydration process of cement pastes could be roughly divided into four stages:the initial period,reaction period,accelerated period and steady period.By analyzing the periods,it makes sure that the grouting process should be completed in the reaction period in the site,and the drainage process should be started in the steady period.The results have great guiding significance to the hole sealing and methane drainage.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20490200 and 20176051), and the Project Based Per-sonnel Exchange Program with the China Scholarship Council and the German Academic Exchange Service
文摘Pyrolysis has the potential of transforming waste into recyclable products. Pyrolytic carbon black (PCB) is one of the most important products from the pyrolysis of used tires. Techniques for surface modifications of PCB have been developed. One of the most significant applications for modified PCB is to reinforce the rubber matrix to obtain high added values. The transverse relaxation and the chain dynamics of vulcanized rubber networks with PCB and modified PCB were studied and compared with those of the commercial carbon blacks using selective 1H transverse relaxation (T2) experiments and dipolar correlation effect (DCE) experiments on the stimulated echo. Demineralization and coupling agent modification not only intensified the interactions between the modified PCB and the neighboring polyisoprene chains, but also increased the chemical cross-link density of the vulcanized rubber with modified PCB. The mechanical testing of the rubbers with different kinds of carbon blacks showed that the maximum strain of the rubber with modified PCB was improved greatly. The mechanical testing results confirmed the conclusion obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). PCB modified by the demineralization and NDZ-105 titanate coupling agent could be used to replace the commercial semi-reinforcing carbon black.
基金Project supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB07020200)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFA0300502 and 2015CB921304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11634015)
文摘Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) is one of the most powerful tools to explore new quantum states of condensed matter induced by high magnetic fields at a microscopic level. High magnetic field enhances the intensity of the NMR signal, and more importantly, can induce novel phenomena. In this article, examples are given on the field-induced charge density wave(CDW) in high-Tc superconductors and on the studies of quantum spin liquids. We provide a brief introduction to the high magnetic field NMR platform, the station 4 of the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SECUF), being built at Huairou, Beijing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11074304 and 11222433)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2010CB923004 and 2011CBA00112)
文摘The newly discovered iron-based superconductors have triggered renewed enormous research interest in the condensed matter physics community. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a low-energy local probe for studying strongly correlated electrons, and particularly important for high-T C superconductors. In this paper, we review NMR studies on the structural transition, antiferromagnetic order, spin fluctuations, and superconducting properties of several iron-based high-T C superconductors, including LaFeAsO1-xF x , LaFeAsO1-x , BaFe2As2 , Ba1-xKxFe2As2 , Ca0.23Na0.67Fe2As2 , BaFe2 (As1-xPx )2 , Ba(Fe1-xRux )2As2 , Ba(Fe1-x Cox )2 As2 , Li1+xFeAs, LiFe1-xCoxAs, NaFeAs, NaFe1-xCoxAs, KyFe2-xSe2 , and (Tl,Rb)yFe2-x Se2.
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) assignments of hydrolyzed products extracted from human blood plasma.The correlations between chemical,functional and structural properties of highly toxic pesticides were investigated using the PreADME analysis.We observed that toxic pesticides possessed higher molecular weight and,more hydrogen bond donors and acceptors when compared with less toxic pesticides.The occurrence of functional groups and structural properties was analyzed using 1H-NMR.The 1HNMR spectra of the phosphomethoxy class of pesticides were characterized by methyl resonances at 3.7-3.9 ppm(δ) with the coupling constants of 11-16 Hz(JP-CH3).In phosphoethoxy pesticides,the methyl resonance was about 1.4 ppm(δ) with the coupling constant of 10 Hz(JP-CH2) and the methylene resonances was 4.2-4.4 ppm(δ) with the coupling constant of 0.8 Hz(JP-CH3),respectively.Our study shows that the values of four parameters such as chemical shift,coupling constant,integration and relaxation time correlated with the concentration of toxic pesticides,and can be used to characterise the proton groups in the molecular structures of toxic pesticides.
基金the funding of the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2006CB202505)
文摘The chemical structure of heavy oil fractions obtained by liquid-solid adsorption chromatography was character-ized by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction.The molecular weight and molecular formula of asphaltene molecules were estimated by combining 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction analyses,and were also ob-tained from vapor pressure osmometry and elemental analysis.Heteroatoms,such as S,N,and O atoms,were considered in the construction of average molecular structure of heavy oils.Two important structural parameters were proposed,including the number of alkyl chain substituents to aromatic rings and the number of total rings with heteroatoms.Ultimately,the av-erage molecular structures of polycyclic aromatics,heavy resins and asphaltene molecules were constructed.The number of α-,β-,γ-,and aromatic hydrogen atoms of the constructed average molecular structures fits well with the number of hydro-gen atoms derived from the experimental spectral data.
基金the support of the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP)of China (Grant No.2019QZKK0904)the National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51922104)+1 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association CASOpen Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.Z018014)。
文摘The unfrozen water content of rock during freezing and thawing has an important influence on its physical and mechanical properties.This study presented a model for calculating the unfrozen water content of rock during freezing and thawing process,considering the influence of unfrozen water film and rock pore structure,which can reflect the hysteresis and super-cooling effects.The pore size distribution cu rves of red sandsto ne and its unfrozen water conte nt under different temperatures during the freezing and thawing process were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) to validate the proposed model.Comparison between the experimental and calculated results indicated that the theoretical model accu rately reflected the water content change law of red sandstone during the freezing and thawing process.Furthermore,the influences of Hamaker constant and surface relaxation parameter on the model results were examined.The results showed that the appropriate magnitude order of Hamaker constant for the red sandstone was 10J to 10J;and when the relaxation parameter of the rock surface was within 25-30 μm/ms,the calculated unfrozen water content using the proposed model was consistent with the experimental value.
基金supported by the Guangdong Province Marine Economic Development(Six Major Marine Industries)Special Fund Project([2021]56)the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0105)+1 种基金the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(202201011463)project of the China Geological Survey(DD20211350).
文摘In this work,the authors monitored the formation and dissociation process of methane hydrate in four different rock core samples through nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)relaxation time(T_(2))and 2D imaging measurement.The result shows that the intensity of T_(2) spectra and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)signals gradually decreases in the hydrate formation process,and at the same time,the T_(2) spectra move toward the left domain as the growth of hydrate in the pores of the sample accelerates the decay rate.The hydrate grows and dissociates preferentially in the purer sandstone samples with larger pore size and higher porosity.Significantly,for the sample with lower porosity and higher argillaceous content,the intensity of the T_(2) spectra also shows a trend of a great decrease in the hydrate formation process,which means that high-saturation gas hydrate can also be formed in the sample with higher argillaceous content.The changes in MRI of the sample in the process show that the formation and dissociation of methane hydrate can reshape the distribution of water in the pores.
基金supported by the Major National Oil&Gas Specific Project of China(No.2011ZX05044)
文摘The resistivity experimental measurements of core samples drilled from low permeability reservoirs of Ordos Basin,Northwest China,illustrate that the cementation factors are not agminate,but vary from 1.335 to 1.749.This leads to a challenge for the estimation of water and hydrocarbon saturation.Based on the analysis of Purcell equation and assumption that rock resistivity is determined by the parallel connection of numerous capillary resistances,a theoretical expression of cementation factor in terms of porosity and permeability is established.Then,cementation factor can be calculated if the parameters of porosity and permeability are determined.In the field application,porosity can be easily obtained by conventional logs.However,it is a tough challenge to estimate permeability due to the strong heterogeneity of low permeability reservoirs.Thus,the Schlumberger Doll Research(SDR)model derived from NMR logs has been proposed to estimate permeability.Based on the analysis of the theoretical expressions of cementation factor and SDR model,a novel cementation factor prediction model,which is relevant to porosity and logarithmic mean of NMR T2spectrum(T2lm),is derived.The advantage of this model is that all the input information can be acquired from NMR logs accurately.In order to confirm the credibility of the novel model,the resistivity and corresponding laboratory NMR measurements of 27 core samples are conducted.The credibility of the model is confirmed by comparing the predicted cementation factors with the core analyzed results.The absolute errors for all core samples are lower than 0.071.Once this model is extended to field application,the accuracy of water and hydrocarbon saturation estimation will be significantly improved.
基金Project supported by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.2016YFA0300402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11574265)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant Nos.LR15A040001 and LY14A040007)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors(DMSs) that combine the properties of semiconductors with ferromagnetism have potential application in spin-sensitive electronic(spintronic) devices. The search for DMS materials exploded after the observation of ferromagnetic ordering in Ⅲ-Ⅴ(Ga,Mn)As films. Recently, a series of DMS compounds isostructural to iron-based superconductors have been reported. Among them, the highest Curie temperature T_Co f 230 K has been achieved in(Ba,K)(Zn,Mn)_2As_2. However, most DMSs, including(Ga,Mn)As, are p-type, i.e., the carriers that mediate the ferromagnetism are holes. For practical applications, DMSs with n-type carriers are also advantageous. Very recently,a new DMS Ba(Zn,Co)_2As_2 with n-type carriers has been synthesized. Here we summarize the recent progress on this research stream. We will show that the homogeneous ferromagnetism in these bulk form DMSs has been confirmed by microscopic techniques, i.e., nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and muon spin rotation(μSR).
基金The work is supported by the Strategic Cooperation Technology Projects of CNPC and CUPB(ZLZX2020)by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.
文摘Due to the poor physical properties of tight reservoirs,CO_(2) huff-n-puff(HNP)is considered a potential enhanced oil recovery(EOR)method after primary depletion.Optimization plays a critical role in the effective implementation of CO_(2) huff-n-puff.But the optimization requires a good understanding of the EOR mechanisms.In this work,the spatial distribution of oil saturation under different experimental conditions was analyzed by the NMR method to further discuss the HNP mechanisms.According to the variation of 1D frequency signal amplitude,we divided the core into the hardly movable area and movable area,the region with the obvious signal decline was defined as the movable area,and the hardly movable area was the region with limited signal decline.Based on that the recovery characteristics of different scenarios were evaluated.Firstly,the necessity of the soaking stage was studied,where three scenarios with different soaking times were carried out.Secondly,the injection pressure was adjusted to investigate the effect of the pressure gradient.The T_(2) spectra show that soaking has significantly improved the production of crude oil in small pores,and higher oil recovery in a single cycle is observed,but it is lower when the elapsed time(total operation time)is the same.31.03% of oil can be recovered after 3 cycles HNP,which increases to 33.8% and 37.06% for the 4 cycles and 6 cycles cases.As the pressure gradient increases,more oil is removed out of the matrix,and the oil in the deep part of the reservoir can be effectively recovered.During the CO_(2) huff-n-puff process,the oil distributions are similar to the solution gas drive,the residual oil is distributed at the close end of the core and the range that the oil can be efficiently recovered is limited.
文摘本研究通过使用灵敏度增强的带梯度形状脉冲进行异核单量子相干(HSQC)实验检测保健食品中违法添加的西地那非类物质。待测样品以甲醇溶解超声辅助提取,减压浓缩后以氘代DMSO溶解上机测试;利用Assure-NMR软件将得到的未知样品异核单量子相干(Heteronculear Single Quantum Coherence)谱图与已知西地那非类物质谱图进行模拟匹配。本方法检出限可以达到200μg·kg-1,能快速有效的对保健食品中西地那非类物质的违法添加侦察识别。该方法简便快捷,可以为食品安全监管部门提供一种新颖便捷的那非类物质监管稽查参考办法。
文摘该文对不同发酵阶段的黄酒样品进行低场核磁共振(low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)检测,比较了陈酿时间、酒精度和品牌对黄酒低场核磁弛豫特性的影响,最后对9个品牌黄酒的LF-NMR弛豫信息进行了主成分分析。结果表明,发酵后样品的单组分弛豫时间(T_(2W))显著缩短,而陈酿后黄酒的T_(2W)又相对延长。多组分弛豫图谱(T_(2))表明,对照组和浸米样品均只有1个峰。发酵后样品的T_(2)图谱均出现2个峰。从第一次发酵到煎酒期间,T_(21)和T_(22)不断缩短,而陈酿期间T_(21)和T_(22)相对延长。同一品牌及陈酿时间的黄酒,酒精度越大,体系的T_(2W),T_(21)和T_(22)越短;同一品牌及酒精度下,陈酿时间仅对T_(21)有一定影响。不同品牌黄酒因酿造工艺的区别而使弛豫分布有一定特点。主成分分析表明,不同酒精度、陈酿时间、品牌及种类的黄酒的弛豫特性的PCA分布及间距不同。说明应用LF-NMR技术可实现对不同工艺生产的黄酒的快速辨别。
基金supported by National Major Research Program for Science and Technology of China (Grant Nos. 2008ZX05034-01 and 2008ZX05062-001)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB219604)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40972107)Petro China Innovation Foundation (Grant No. 2008D-5006-01-04)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (Grant No. IRT0864)
文摘This paper demonstrates capabilities of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and microfocus X-ray computed tomography (μCT) in advanced, nondestructive, and quantitative characterization of pore types, producible porosity, pore structure, and spatial disposition of pore-fractures in coals. Results show that the NMR transverse relaxation time (T2) at 0.5–2.5, 20–50, and >100 ms correspond to pores of <0.1 μm, >0.1 μm, and fractures, respectively. A much higher T2 spectrum peak reflects a much better development of pores (or fractures) corresponding to the T2, and vice versa. Three basic components in coals, i.e., the pores (or fractures), coal matrix, and minerals have their distinctive range of CT numbers. Among these, the CT number of pores is commonly less than 600 HU. The producible porosity, which is a determination of permeability, can be calculated by T2 cutoff value (T2C) of coal NMR. The coal pore structure can be efficiently estimated by the newly proposed "T2C based model". Finally, μCT scan was proven capable of modeling and spatial visualization of pores and fractures.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 19705014) .
文摘Beginning from the first kind of integral equation, two kinds of methods, i. e. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and transform that are fit for the inversion calculation of NMR multi-relaxation data from rock, have been derived. The mathematical processing was discussed in detail. The advantage and disadvantage of the two methods have been compared in theory and application. From the view of the degree of freedom of the inversion solution, we discussed the resolution of the solution of NMR relaxation inversion and the selection of optimal inversion modeling. Results showed that SVD method is fit for the inversion of NMR relaxation data with a higher signal to noise ratio and transform inversion method is more flexible and can be used in NMR data with a lower signal to noise ratio. It is advisable that transform inversion method be selected for the multi-relaxation inversion of rock NMR data. SVD method can be used when the signal to noise ratio is better than 80. In order to ensure the accuracy, the number of T2 points should be varied from 30 to 50. The results of the research are useful for NMR core analysis and the interpretation of NMR logging data.
