Missionaries were a major force of western peregrination to China in modern times.Confucianism,Taoism,Buddhism and various folk deities,as the main competitors of Christianity,were the two perspectives from which west...Missionaries were a major force of western peregrination to China in modern times.Confucianism,Taoism,Buddhism and various folk deities,as the main competitors of Christianity,were the two perspectives from which western peregrinators(especially missionaries)observed the religious image of China,and the two dimensions from which peregrinators described the religious image of China.Missionaries in China paid more attention to“idolatry”in Chinese Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,while peregrinators noticed more popular phenomena of folk deities and various superstitions.The heretical religion of“idolatry”and feudal superstition were the two main cognitive sources for peregrinators to construct the religious image of modern China,and jointly shaped the religious image of modern China.展开更多
Since the middle and late 18th century,as Chinese civilization entered a downward trajectory,the social image of China built by the Western society before modern times as a land of wisdom,virtue and faith with vast te...Since the middle and late 18th century,as Chinese civilization entered a downward trajectory,the social image of China built by the Western society before modern times as a land of wisdom,virtue and faith with vast territory,abundant resources,prosperity and inclusive civilization had gradually collapsed.As peregrinators to China had a deeper understanding of China,the overall disappearance of urban and rural poetry and the overall decline of social groups constituted the historical base map for peregrinators to construct the social image of modern China.展开更多
Since modern times,the West had gradually measured the standard and image of civilization of a country or a nation from the trinity of material,spirit and morality.Peregrinators to China mostly used such words as“hyp...Since modern times,the West had gradually measured the standard and image of civilization of a country or a nation from the trinity of material,spirit and morality.Peregrinators to China mostly used such words as“hypocritical”,“dirty”,“indifferent”,“selfish”,“cruel”and“insensitive”to represent the moral and spiritual image of Chinese people.Peregrinators to China in the 19th century constructed a depraved and corrupt moral image of China in a three-dimensional perspective from individual moral depravity to overall despicability of the nation.展开更多
Since the middle and late 18th century,the purpose of western peregrinators to China had been in a gradual process from geological survey,to commercial route exploration,commercial development,and then the struggle to...Since the middle and late 18th century,the purpose of western peregrinators to China had been in a gradual process from geological survey,to commercial route exploration,commercial development,and then the struggle to divide power and sphere of influence.The purpose,mode,theme and narrative strategy of missionaries,scientific explorers,business travelers and pilgrims traveling in China were the main elements that affected the representation,construction and production of the image of modern China,as well as the main factors that formed the differentiation of the image of China.展开更多
Before the 19th century,the image of China shaped by western countries was mainly based on politics and education.China’s political and educational system in the 19th century had become a frame of reference for highl...Before the 19th century,the image of China shaped by western countries was mainly based on politics and education.China’s political and educational system in the 19th century had become a frame of reference for highlighting the superiority of western politics and education.The authoritarian and decadent politics of enslavement and politicized education that imprisoned creation was the historical base map for western peregrinators to construct the political and educational image of modern China,and the result of the transformation from the construction of“utopian image”to the construction of“ideological image”.展开更多
Culture and art had always been the main field of western cognition of China.Since the middle and late 18th century,as Chinese civilization was on a downward trajectory,the image of oriental civilization with a long h...Culture and art had always been the main field of western cognition of China.Since the middle and late 18th century,as Chinese civilization was on a downward trajectory,the image of oriental civilization with a long history,prosperity,inclusiveness and harmony gradually disappeared,and“ancient”and“decline”became the main keywords to describe Chinese culture and art by western peregrinators.展开更多
If the theory of cyclical fluctuation can be applied to modern China, the economic development ofChina in this period can be seen as consisting of several stages. At each stage as well as in the wholeperiod, chosen in...If the theory of cyclical fluctuation can be applied to modern China, the economic development ofChina in this period can be seen as consisting of several stages. At each stage as well as in the wholeperiod, chosen index system is likely to help measure the growth rate. By vertical and horizontal com-parison, this paper will try to settle the disputes on China’s modern economic development.展开更多
In 1922,“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”was translated and introduced by Zhao Yuanren to China.In the 1930s and 1940s,a series of Chinese-style“Alice”stories appeared.Writers borrowed from the plot structure an...In 1922,“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”was translated and introduced by Zhao Yuanren to China.In the 1930s and 1940s,a series of Chinese-style“Alice”stories appeared.Writers borrowed from the plot structure and character images of“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”,making it a work rich in Chinese national language and culture.This article uses the documentary method and comparative research to study the Chinese-style“Alice”stories,and believes that these stories consciously convey new literary concepts,shape children in the new era,and become a part of modern Chinese children’s literature.展开更多
He designed the national emblem of thePeople’s depublic of China, was a primary painterof the mural in the Beijing Capital Airport, ananimator of "Ne Zha Makes Havoc of the Sea", arenowned cartoonist, one o...He designed the national emblem of thePeople’s depublic of China, was a primary painterof the mural in the Beijing Capital Airport, ananimator of "Ne Zha Makes Havoc of the Sea", arenowned cartoonist, one of the founders of展开更多
The academic world is still uncertain about the classification of Taisui. It is debating whether Taisui is living or not, myxomycete complex or fungi. The passage studies the 228 finding reports of Taisui in modern Ch...The academic world is still uncertain about the classification of Taisui. It is debating whether Taisui is living or not, myxomycete complex or fungi. The passage studies the 228 finding reports of Taisui in modern China. It confirms that the first finding time of Taisui in modern China is 1963, and the first reported time is 1992. Taisui has been found in 25 administrative divisions. Taisui occurs the most times in Shandong Province. Besides, provinces where Taisui has been found most times are in northern China. Finding locations of Taisui vary from place to place. Taisui is most often found in normal earth layer, with different burying depth. Taisui is mainly found through seeing, tramping, and digging. Taisui findings lack subjective motivations and are connected with the life and production of the finders. Conclusion: Taisui is an object growing in earth layer.展开更多
This paper takes the reconstruction of national ethics as the research theme,and investigates the formation and evolution of national ethics in the process of historical development in modern China.Through the study o...This paper takes the reconstruction of national ethics as the research theme,and investigates the formation and evolution of national ethics in the process of historical development in modern China.Through the study of some works,ideological theories and translations,it probes into the origin,subject,path and process of the reconstruction of our national ethics.The study has a certain historical and practical significance in that it gives advice on how we can maintain the subjectivity of our national culture and make it further develop in the world,where different cultures are interacting frequently.展开更多
Since the Middle Ages,the collective memory of China in the West had been based on the texts written by peregrinators to China,represented by Marco Polo and the missionary community.After the 19^(th) century,travel gu...Since the Middle Ages,the collective memory of China in the West had been based on the texts written by peregrinators to China,represented by Marco Polo and the missionary community.After the 19^(th) century,travel guide,another form of text to guide potential peregrinators to China,began to appear.They selectively recorded and subjectively evaluated the landscape and life of China,with distinct individual characteristics,which had significant influence on the formation and dissemination of the image of China.展开更多
A more resilient livelihood is increasingly recognized as an efficient way to improve vulnerable households’food security and optimize their dietary decisions.This study quantifies rural household resilience in weste...A more resilient livelihood is increasingly recognized as an efficient way to improve vulnerable households’food security and optimize their dietary decisions.This study quantifies rural household resilience in western China,identifies the three pillars(absorptive capacity,adaptive capacity,and transformative capacity)contribution to resilience,and then establishes the estimated Resilience Capacity Index(RCI)linked with food security and dietary diversity supported by the multiple indicator multiple cause(MIMIC)model.Results show that,despite geographical heterogeneity,the RCI consistently increased from 2015 to 2021.Households with a higher RCI inheriting better capacity to deal with risk and shocks are significantly and positively correlated with increasing food expenditure and diversifying food choices.It can be because resilient households will allocate more money to food expenditure instead of saving for livelihood uncertainty.Thus,policymakers can provide more incentives for rural households to adopt more dynamic and effective risk management strategies.This,in turn,could yield positive spillover effects by preventing human capital loss associated with dietary-related chronic diseases and mortality.展开更多
Over the past few decades,the Internet has rapidly diffused across China.The spread of the Internet has had a profound economic and social impact on Chinese rural areas.Existing research shows that Internet access sig...Over the past few decades,the Internet has rapidly diffused across China.The spread of the Internet has had a profound economic and social impact on Chinese rural areas.Existing research shows that Internet access significantly impacts agricultural production and improves smallholder farmers’income.Beyond these,the Internet can affect other dimensions of social welfare.However,research about the impact of Internet access on dietary quality in rural China remains scarce.This study utilizes multi-period panel data from Fixed Observation Point in rural China from 2009 to 2015 to estimate the impact of Internet access on dietary quality and food consumption of rural households and conducts a causal analysis.Regression models with time and household fixed effects allow robust estimation while reducing potential issues of unobserved heterogeneity.The estimates show that Internet access has significantly increased rural household dietary quality(measured by the Chinese Diet Balance Index).Further research finds that Internet access has increased the consumption of animal products,such as aquatic and dairy products.We also examine the underlying mechanisms.Internet access improves dietary quality and food consumption mainly through increasing household income and food expenditure.These results encourage the promotion of Internet access as a valuable tool for nutritional improvements,especially in rural areas.展开更多
China’s development experience provides a reference for developing countries to move towards modernization.OVER the past 45 years of reform and opening-up,China has made tremendous achievements.As the largest develop...China’s development experience provides a reference for developing countries to move towards modernization.OVER the past 45 years of reform and opening-up,China has made tremendous achievements.As the largest developing country in the world,its unique experience has not only benefited its own people,but also made significant contributions to global economic growth.展开更多
There are different opinions about the first modern domestic debt in China.The theorists judge whether a certain public debt has modernity according to whether it has modern public debt form,ignoring the inconsistency...There are different opinions about the first modern domestic debt in China.The theorists judge whether a certain public debt has modernity according to whether it has modern public debt form,ignoring the inconsistency between form and content,institutional provisions and actual implementation.The modern nature of public debt must have both the form and content of modern public debt.Based on the analysis of the issuing background,system design,collection and repayment of patriotic bonds in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,it is considered that the part of patriotic bonds subscribed by the Qing royal family is still the nature of donation and return,while the part subscribed by ordinary businessmen and people in the early Republic of China has a modern nature.The dual nature of patriotic bonds is closely related to the social background when the bonds are issued.展开更多
Background: Access to safe and effective contraception is crucial for sexual and reproductive health to be at its best. This allows improved pregnancy results and the avoidance of unintended births. Teenagers’ views ...Background: Access to safe and effective contraception is crucial for sexual and reproductive health to be at its best. This allows improved pregnancy results and the avoidance of unintended births. Teenagers’ views on using contraceptives are influenced by the information available at their disposal. The study assessed the influential factors affecting the utilization of modern contraceptives among the youth in Akuse in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Methods: The data for the study were gathered from 378 consented youth aged 15 - 24 years using a quantitative cross-sectional study design and a well-structured questionnaire. Person’s Chi-Square test was adopted to measure the association between the outcome variable and selected independent variables. Logistic regression models were utilized to measure the odds of the factors influencing modern contraceptive use among the respondents. Results: The results of the study suggested a high knowledge level of contraceptives;however, the prevalence of utilization was low. The level of education and age were factors found to influence the uptake of contraceptives. A bivariate analysis to examine the association between selected socio-demographic variables revealed that educational level (p = 0.044), religious affiliation (p = 0.002), and ethnicity (p = 0.016) were statistically associated with modern contraceptive use among the respondents. All other tested demographic variables including the age groups, gender, marital status, and residential status proved otherwise at the observed p-values greater than the 0.05 threshold. Respondents who indicated staying with partners were 6.79 times more likely to use contraceptives compared to their counterparts staying with a parent, after controlling for all other covariates. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that high contraceptive knowledge influences the choice of contraceptive preferred by the youth, and contraceptive use is also influenced by the advancement in age and educational level of the youth. It is however recommended that parents, guidance, and teachers be entreated to offer relevant and timely sexual information or education as these will most likely improve the uptake of modern contraceptives among the targeted population.展开更多
基金Sponsored by“Twelfth Five-year Plan”Program of Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences(GD15XLS07)Science and Technology Innovation Research Team Program of Zhaoqing University(2021)Tourism Management Key Discipline Construction Program of Zhaoqing University(2022).
文摘Missionaries were a major force of western peregrination to China in modern times.Confucianism,Taoism,Buddhism and various folk deities,as the main competitors of Christianity,were the two perspectives from which western peregrinators(especially missionaries)observed the religious image of China,and the two dimensions from which peregrinators described the religious image of China.Missionaries in China paid more attention to“idolatry”in Chinese Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,while peregrinators noticed more popular phenomena of folk deities and various superstitions.The heretical religion of“idolatry”and feudal superstition were the two main cognitive sources for peregrinators to construct the religious image of modern China,and jointly shaped the religious image of modern China.
基金“Twelfth Five-year Plan”Program of Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences(GD15XLS07)Science and Technology Innovation Research Team Program of Zhaoqing University(2021)Tourism Management Key Discipline Construction Program of Zhaoqing University(2022).
文摘Since the middle and late 18th century,as Chinese civilization entered a downward trajectory,the social image of China built by the Western society before modern times as a land of wisdom,virtue and faith with vast territory,abundant resources,prosperity and inclusive civilization had gradually collapsed.As peregrinators to China had a deeper understanding of China,the overall disappearance of urban and rural poetry and the overall decline of social groups constituted the historical base map for peregrinators to construct the social image of modern China.
基金Sponsored by“Twelfth Five-year Plan”Program of Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences(GD15XLS07)Science and Technology Innovation Research Team Program of Zhaoqing University(2021)Tourism Management Key Discipline Construction Program of Zhaoqing University(2022)。
文摘Since modern times,the West had gradually measured the standard and image of civilization of a country or a nation from the trinity of material,spirit and morality.Peregrinators to China mostly used such words as“hypocritical”,“dirty”,“indifferent”,“selfish”,“cruel”and“insensitive”to represent the moral and spiritual image of Chinese people.Peregrinators to China in the 19th century constructed a depraved and corrupt moral image of China in a three-dimensional perspective from individual moral depravity to overall despicability of the nation.
基金Sponsored by“Twelfth Five-year Plan”Program of Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences(GD15XLS07)Science and Technology Innovation Research Team Program of Zhaoqing University(2021)Tourism Management Key Discipline Construction Program of Zhaoqing University(2022)。
文摘Since the middle and late 18th century,the purpose of western peregrinators to China had been in a gradual process from geological survey,to commercial route exploration,commercial development,and then the struggle to divide power and sphere of influence.The purpose,mode,theme and narrative strategy of missionaries,scientific explorers,business travelers and pilgrims traveling in China were the main elements that affected the representation,construction and production of the image of modern China,as well as the main factors that formed the differentiation of the image of China.
基金“Twelfth Five-year Plan”Program of Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences(GD15XLS07)Science and Technology Innovation Research Team Program of Zhaoqing University(2021)Tourism Management Key Discipline Construction Program of Zhaoqing University(2022).
文摘Before the 19th century,the image of China shaped by western countries was mainly based on politics and education.China’s political and educational system in the 19th century had become a frame of reference for highlighting the superiority of western politics and education.The authoritarian and decadent politics of enslavement and politicized education that imprisoned creation was the historical base map for western peregrinators to construct the political and educational image of modern China,and the result of the transformation from the construction of“utopian image”to the construction of“ideological image”.
基金Sponsored by“Twelfth Five-year Plan”Program of Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences(GD15XLS07)Science and Technology Innovation Research Team Program of Zhaoqing University(2021)Tourism Management Key Discipline Construction Program of Zhaoqing University(2022).
文摘Culture and art had always been the main field of western cognition of China.Since the middle and late 18th century,as Chinese civilization was on a downward trajectory,the image of oriental civilization with a long history,prosperity,inclusiveness and harmony gradually disappeared,and“ancient”and“decline”became the main keywords to describe Chinese culture and art by western peregrinators.
文摘If the theory of cyclical fluctuation can be applied to modern China, the economic development ofChina in this period can be seen as consisting of several stages. At each stage as well as in the wholeperiod, chosen index system is likely to help measure the growth rate. By vertical and horizontal com-parison, this paper will try to settle the disputes on China’s modern economic development.
基金the National Social Science Foundation’s General Project“Research on the Dissemination and Reception of Foreign Children’s Literature in Modern China”(Project No.19BZW144).
文摘In 1922,“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”was translated and introduced by Zhao Yuanren to China.In the 1930s and 1940s,a series of Chinese-style“Alice”stories appeared.Writers borrowed from the plot structure and character images of“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland”,making it a work rich in Chinese national language and culture.This article uses the documentary method and comparative research to study the Chinese-style“Alice”stories,and believes that these stories consciously convey new literary concepts,shape children in the new era,and become a part of modern Chinese children’s literature.
文摘He designed the national emblem of thePeople’s depublic of China, was a primary painterof the mural in the Beijing Capital Airport, ananimator of "Ne Zha Makes Havoc of the Sea", arenowned cartoonist, one of the founders of
文摘The academic world is still uncertain about the classification of Taisui. It is debating whether Taisui is living or not, myxomycete complex or fungi. The passage studies the 228 finding reports of Taisui in modern China. It confirms that the first finding time of Taisui in modern China is 1963, and the first reported time is 1992. Taisui has been found in 25 administrative divisions. Taisui occurs the most times in Shandong Province. Besides, provinces where Taisui has been found most times are in northern China. Finding locations of Taisui vary from place to place. Taisui is most often found in normal earth layer, with different burying depth. Taisui is mainly found through seeing, tramping, and digging. Taisui findings lack subjective motivations and are connected with the life and production of the finders. Conclusion: Taisui is an object growing in earth layer.
基金sponsored by the planned project of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Anhui Province in 2014，“Research on the Literature in the Mid-to-late Victorian Age and the Reconstruction of National Morality”(AHSKY2014D110)
文摘This paper takes the reconstruction of national ethics as the research theme,and investigates the formation and evolution of national ethics in the process of historical development in modern China.Through the study of some works,ideological theories and translations,it probes into the origin,subject,path and process of the reconstruction of our national ethics.The study has a certain historical and practical significance in that it gives advice on how we can maintain the subjectivity of our national culture and make it further develop in the world,where different cultures are interacting frequently.
基金“Twelfth Five-year Plan” Program of Guangdong Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences (GD15XLS07)Science and Technology Innovation Research Team Program of Zhaoqing University (2021)。
文摘Since the Middle Ages,the collective memory of China in the West had been based on the texts written by peregrinators to China,represented by Marco Polo and the missionary community.After the 19^(th) century,travel guide,another form of text to guide potential peregrinators to China,began to appear.They selectively recorded and subjectively evaluated the landscape and life of China,with distinct individual characteristics,which had significant influence on the formation and dissemination of the image of China.
基金This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(71973138 and 72061137002)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2023YFE0105009).
文摘A more resilient livelihood is increasingly recognized as an efficient way to improve vulnerable households’food security and optimize their dietary decisions.This study quantifies rural household resilience in western China,identifies the three pillars(absorptive capacity,adaptive capacity,and transformative capacity)contribution to resilience,and then establishes the estimated Resilience Capacity Index(RCI)linked with food security and dietary diversity supported by the multiple indicator multiple cause(MIMIC)model.Results show that,despite geographical heterogeneity,the RCI consistently increased from 2015 to 2021.Households with a higher RCI inheriting better capacity to deal with risk and shocks are significantly and positively correlated with increasing food expenditure and diversifying food choices.It can be because resilient households will allocate more money to food expenditure instead of saving for livelihood uncertainty.Thus,policymakers can provide more incentives for rural households to adopt more dynamic and effective risk management strategies.This,in turn,could yield positive spillover effects by preventing human capital loss associated with dietary-related chronic diseases and mortality.
基金This study was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71973136 and 72061147002)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University.
文摘Over the past few decades,the Internet has rapidly diffused across China.The spread of the Internet has had a profound economic and social impact on Chinese rural areas.Existing research shows that Internet access significantly impacts agricultural production and improves smallholder farmers’income.Beyond these,the Internet can affect other dimensions of social welfare.However,research about the impact of Internet access on dietary quality in rural China remains scarce.This study utilizes multi-period panel data from Fixed Observation Point in rural China from 2009 to 2015 to estimate the impact of Internet access on dietary quality and food consumption of rural households and conducts a causal analysis.Regression models with time and household fixed effects allow robust estimation while reducing potential issues of unobserved heterogeneity.The estimates show that Internet access has significantly increased rural household dietary quality(measured by the Chinese Diet Balance Index).Further research finds that Internet access has increased the consumption of animal products,such as aquatic and dairy products.We also examine the underlying mechanisms.Internet access improves dietary quality and food consumption mainly through increasing household income and food expenditure.These results encourage the promotion of Internet access as a valuable tool for nutritional improvements,especially in rural areas.
文摘China’s development experience provides a reference for developing countries to move towards modernization.OVER the past 45 years of reform and opening-up,China has made tremendous achievements.As the largest developing country in the world,its unique experience has not only benefited its own people,but also made significant contributions to global economic growth.
基金This paper is a phased achievement of Chongqing Social Science Planning project“Research on the repayment of‘Pre-war Deposits’in Chongqing Banking Industry after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War”(2020BS11)Chongqing Education Commission Project“Research on Prevention and Control of Financial Crisis in Chongqing during the Republic of China”(20SKGH111).
文摘There are different opinions about the first modern domestic debt in China.The theorists judge whether a certain public debt has modernity according to whether it has modern public debt form,ignoring the inconsistency between form and content,institutional provisions and actual implementation.The modern nature of public debt must have both the form and content of modern public debt.Based on the analysis of the issuing background,system design,collection and repayment of patriotic bonds in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,it is considered that the part of patriotic bonds subscribed by the Qing royal family is still the nature of donation and return,while the part subscribed by ordinary businessmen and people in the early Republic of China has a modern nature.The dual nature of patriotic bonds is closely related to the social background when the bonds are issued.
文摘Background: Access to safe and effective contraception is crucial for sexual and reproductive health to be at its best. This allows improved pregnancy results and the avoidance of unintended births. Teenagers’ views on using contraceptives are influenced by the information available at their disposal. The study assessed the influential factors affecting the utilization of modern contraceptives among the youth in Akuse in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Methods: The data for the study were gathered from 378 consented youth aged 15 - 24 years using a quantitative cross-sectional study design and a well-structured questionnaire. Person’s Chi-Square test was adopted to measure the association between the outcome variable and selected independent variables. Logistic regression models were utilized to measure the odds of the factors influencing modern contraceptive use among the respondents. Results: The results of the study suggested a high knowledge level of contraceptives;however, the prevalence of utilization was low. The level of education and age were factors found to influence the uptake of contraceptives. A bivariate analysis to examine the association between selected socio-demographic variables revealed that educational level (p = 0.044), religious affiliation (p = 0.002), and ethnicity (p = 0.016) were statistically associated with modern contraceptive use among the respondents. All other tested demographic variables including the age groups, gender, marital status, and residential status proved otherwise at the observed p-values greater than the 0.05 threshold. Respondents who indicated staying with partners were 6.79 times more likely to use contraceptives compared to their counterparts staying with a parent, after controlling for all other covariates. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that high contraceptive knowledge influences the choice of contraceptive preferred by the youth, and contraceptive use is also influenced by the advancement in age and educational level of the youth. It is however recommended that parents, guidance, and teachers be entreated to offer relevant and timely sexual information or education as these will most likely improve the uptake of modern contraceptives among the targeted population.
