The purpose of this study was to characterize mulberry leaf instant tea(MLIT)powder prepared from the'Longsang No.1'(Morus abla L.cv.Longsang 1)mulberry leaves in Heilongjiang Province(China)and assess its obe...The purpose of this study was to characterize mulberry leaf instant tea(MLIT)powder prepared from the'Longsang No.1'(Morus abla L.cv.Longsang 1)mulberry leaves in Heilongjiang Province(China)and assess its obesity-preventing/relieving effects.A total of 174 compounds including quercetin,chlorogenic acid,1-deoxyecomycin(1-DNJ)related to antihyperlipidemia effects were identified from the MLIT powder.MLIT treatment reversed the Lee's index,fat coefficient,and serum biochemical parameters in both the obesity relieving and obesity preventing mice fed with high-fat diet.In the obesity relieving experiment,the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio in mouse feces decreased after both 0.5%and 1%MLIT treatments.In obesity preventing experiments,mouse with different amount of MLIT treatments showed increased relative abundance of Akkermansia,Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,while Deferribacteres,Desulfobacterota decreased.The beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract of mice treated with MLIT increased.This study proved that MLIT had antihyperlipidemia potential via modulating intestinal microbiota in mice.展开更多
Background:Green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk are traditional herbs used in the prevention and treatment of diabetes in China for a long time,but their synergistic hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms remain unclear...Background:Green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk are traditional herbs used in the prevention and treatment of diabetes in China for a long time,but their synergistic hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms remain unclear.Methods:The effective components of green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk were extracted and enriched.Mixture design of experiments was used to study the influences of different combinations on the cell viability and glucose uptake level of L6 myoblasts,so as to determine the optimal synergistic hypoglycemic combination.The possible hypoglycemic mechanism of the optimal synergistic combination was explored by cytotoxicity assay,glucose uptake assay,and western blot.Results:Three polyphenol enrichment fractions of the herbs,30%ethanol elution fraction of green tea(GT),50%ethanol elution fraction of mulberry leaf(ML)and 60%ethanol elution fraction of corn silk(CS)were obtained.The antioxidant activities of GT-30%,ML-50%and CS-60%were superior to those of crude extracts,and showed strong potential inα-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibition activities.The optimal synergistic combination of crude extracts G7(crude extract of green tea:crude extract of mulberry leaf:crude extract of corn silk=1:5:3),polyphenol enrichment fractions R3(GT-30%:ML-50%:CS-60%=1:7:1)and monomers X2(epigallocatechin gallate:morusin:formononetin=3:1:2)were selected,respectively.G7,R3,and X2 showed promoting effects on the cell viability and glucose uptake of L6 myoblasts within the detected concentration range.In addition,G7,R3,and X2 could increase the expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt in L6 myoblasts,and promote the translocation of Glut4,but G7 and R3 showed more significant effects.Conclusion:The synergistic hypoglycemic effects of green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk had the characteristics of multiple-components and multiple-targets with p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt and the translocation of Glut4 signal pathways involved.The three traditional herbs might have the potential to be combined used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes based on the synergistic hypoglycemic effects.展开更多
Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is one of the most common complications of diabetes.It is an important cause of diabetes disability and death.DN is a systemic metabolic syndrome.In its pathogenesis,the interaction of various ...Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is one of the most common complications of diabetes.It is an important cause of diabetes disability and death.DN is a systemic metabolic syndrome.In its pathogenesis,the interaction of various cell activities and a large number of cytokine biological activities,the activation of signal pathways and so on are involved in the development of DN.At present,the clinical treatment of DN is mainly Western medicine,but it has limitations such as strong toxicity,high side effects and poor compliance.Therefore,the discovery of natural anti-DN substances has also become an important means to treat DN.Mulberry leaves are the dry leaves of Morus alba L.It is not only a traditional Chinese medicine,but also a dual-purpose medicinal material for medicine and food.It has the effects of dispelling wind and clearing heat,cooling blood and brightening eyes,tonifying and so on.Mulberry leaf polysaccharide(MLP)is a kind of high molecular compound in mulberry leaves.It has many pharmacological effects,such as hypoglycemic,antioxidant,anti-stress,anti-virus and so on.Therefore,the pharmacological effects of mulberry leaf polysaccharides on diabetic nephropathy are reviewed in this paper,so as to provide references for further research and application.The pathogenesis of DN is complex,and the mechanism of renal injury has not been completely clarified.The current studies believe that DN is closely related to heredity,abnormal glucose metabolism,abnormal lipid metabolism,microcirculation disorder,cytokine action,oxidative stress and so on.Relevant studies show that the pharmacological effects of mulberry leaf polysaccharide in the prevention and treatment of DN mainly include:①Effect on transforming factor-β1(TGF-β1):TGF-β1 has become an important cytokine involved in the formation of renal fibrosis by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation and the production of extracellular matrix(ECM).MLP can significantly inhibit TGF-β1 protein,and then inhibit the synthesis of extracellular matrix by renal interstitial fibroblasts and inhibit the realization of fibrosis.②Effect on insulin receptor substrate(IRS-1):IRS-1 is an important signal molecule at the beginning of IR signal transduction.The decrease of IRS-1 gene expression or the decrease of expression can affect the effective transmission of IR signal and lead to the development and deterioration of diabetes. MPL can significantly increase the expression of IRS-1 mRNA in liver tissue of DN rats, so as to prevent and treat DN. ③ Effect on the expression of resistin protein in adipose tis sue. Resistin is a secretory polypeptide derived from adipose tissue and is specifically expressed in white adipose tissue and is closely related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Experimental studies show that MLP can effectively reduce the expression of resistin protein in white adipose tissue of T2DM rats, indicating that MLP may reduce the level of IR by inhibiting the expression of resistin in adipose tissue, thereby reducing the insulin resistance state of T2DM rats, so as to achieve the goal of treating diabetes. ④ Effect on adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1): adiponectin can improve insulin resistance, reduce blood glucose and lipid. AdipoR1 is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle and kidney. Studies have shown that AdipoR1 is closely related to the occurrence and development of DN. The results showed that MLP could reduce the blood glucose and blood lipid level and up regulate the expression of AdipoR1 mRNA in DN rats, suggesting that MLP may delay the occurrence and development of DN. This article reviewed the pharmacological effects of mulberry leaf polysaccharides on diabetic nephropathy, and provided a useful basis for further development and utilization of mul berry leaf polysaccharides in the treatment of DN.展开更多
The effect of mulberry leaf powder on growth,slaughter performance and meat quality of Wanxi white goose was investigated by adding different proportions of mulberry leaf powder in the basal goose diet. After 125-day-...The effect of mulberry leaf powder on growth,slaughter performance and meat quality of Wanxi white goose was investigated by adding different proportions of mulberry leaf powder in the basal goose diet. After 125-day-old Wanxi white geese were fed with diets supplemented with 5%,8% and 11% mulberry leaf powder for consecutive 50 d,the average daily feed intake increased slightly,while the average daily weight gain decreased extremely( P < 0. 01),and the ratio of feed to gain increased significantly( P < 0. 01) compared to control. The slaughter rate,semi-eviscerated rate and eviscerated rate of Wanxi white goose in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were higher than those in control group,and the slaughter rate was significantly higher than that in control group( P < 0. 05). Adding mulberry leaf powder in diet significantly reduced the abdominal fat rate of Wanxi white goose( P < 0. 01),but had no significant impact on pectoral muscle rate and limb muscle rate( P > 0. 05). Compared to control group,the contents of dry matter,fat,crude protein,saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid of Wanxi white geese in experimental groups decreased significantly( P < 0. 05),and the content of total amino acids also decreased slightly. The inosinic acid content in muscle of Wanxi white goose in groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ were slightly higher than that in control group. The thiamine content of Wanxi white goose in group Ⅳ was 52. 00%higher than that in control group( P < 0. 05). These results preliminarily showed that adding appropriate amount of mulberry leaf powder in diet could significantly improve the slaughter performance of Wanxi white goose,and improve the flavor of meat. But high amount of mulberry leaf powder should be avoided to ensure the palatability of diet.展开更多
Two oligosaccharide fractions(MLO 2-1 and 2-2)were purified from enzymatic hydrolysate of mulberry leaf polysaccharide.The results of simulated digestion showed that MLO 2-2 was a digestible oligosaccharide,which coul...Two oligosaccharide fractions(MLO 2-1 and 2-2)were purified from enzymatic hydrolysate of mulberry leaf polysaccharide.The results of simulated digestion showed that MLO 2-2 was a digestible oligosaccharide,which could be degraded by human digestive juice;while MLO 2-1 possessed the non-digestible property in the upper gastrointestinal tract and performed the function by regulating the gut microbiota.Hence,MLO 2-1 was selected for the further analysis.The structure of MLO 2-1 was elucidated as follow:α-T-Glcp-(1→3)-β-Glcp-(1→5)-α-Araf-(1→5)-α-Araf-1→5)-α-Araf-(1→3)-α-(2-OAc)-Glcp-1.The in vitro fecal fermentation results showed that MLO 2-1 could modulate the composition of gut microbiota.Meanwhile,MLO 2-1 was effectively metabolized by fecal bacteria to produce lactate and short chain fatty acids,especially acetate and butyrate.The specific metabolic pathways of MLO 2-1 by gut microbiota were further illuminated.Gut microbiota analysis revealed that MLO 2-1 selectively promoted the growth of Ligilactobacillus murinus,a commensal bacterium presented a reduced level in T2DM mice.Animal experiments indicated that MLO 2-1 and L.murinus exhibited hypoglycemic activities.These results demonstrated that MLO 2-1 might alleviate T2DM by selectively accelerating the proliferation of L.murinus.展开更多
Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf is a well-established traditional Chinese botanical and culinary resource. It has found widespread application in the management of diabetes. The bioactive constituents of mulberry leaf, ...Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf is a well-established traditional Chinese botanical and culinary resource. It has found widespread application in the management of diabetes. The bioactive constituents of mulberry leaf, specifically mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLFs), exhibit pronounced potential in the amelioration of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This potential is attributed to their ability to safeguard pancreatic β cells, enhance insulin resistance, and inhibit α-glucosidase activity. Our antecedent research findings underscore the substantial therapeutic efficacy of MLFs in treating T2D. However, the precise mechanistic underpinnings of MLF’s anti-T2D effects remain the subject of inquiry. Activation of brown/beige adipocytes is a novel and promising strategy for T2D treatment. In the present study, our primary objective was to elucidate the impact of MLFs on adipose tissue browning in db/db mice and 3T3-L1 cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism. The results manifested that MLFs reduced body weight and food intake, alleviated hepatic steatosis, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased lipolysis and thermogenesis in db/db mice. Moreover, MLFs activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) and induced the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes by increasing the expressions of brown adipocyte marker genes and proteins such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and beige adipocyte marker genes such as transmembrane protein 26 (Tmem26), thereby promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Mechanistically, MLFs facilitated the activation of BAT and the induction of WAT browning to ameliorate T2D primarily through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. These findings highlight the unique capacity of MLF to counteract T2D by enhancing BAT activation and inducing browning of IWAT, thereby ameliorating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. As such, MLFs emerge as a prospective and innovative browning agent for the treatment of T2D.展开更多
As a new type of methane control agent, natural plant extract has been widely studied in recent years,but in vivo studies are few. This study was to investigate the effects of the dietary supplementation of 2 differen...As a new type of methane control agent, natural plant extract has been widely studied in recent years,but in vivo studies are few. This study was to investigate the effects of the dietary supplementation of 2 different polyphenols on the methane（CH4） emission and digestion metabolism in sheep. Ten healthy crossbred sheep（Dorper（?）× small-tailed Han ♀; BW 60.0 ± 1.73 kg） were used in a change-over design.The sheep were fed the following 3 diets in the present study: the basal diet（CON） with no supplementation; the basal diet supplemented with 2 g mulberry leaf flavonoid（MLF） per day per sheep; the basal diet supplemented with 0.25 g resveratrol（RES） per day per sheep. Both MLF and RES reduced CH4 emission scaled to metabolic weight per kilogram of DMI and CO2 output scaled to metabolic weight, but the effect of RES was significant（P < 0.05）. Both MLF and RES significantly improved apparent digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, and nitrogen, but the effect of RES was significant（P < 0.05）. Both MLF and RES significantly improved ME（P < 0.05） and reduced energy losses in CH4 emission（P > 0.05）. In conclusion, MLF and RES can improve the digestibility of nutrients, the utilization of nutrients and energy, and reduce CH4 emission, but they are not conducive to nitrogen retention.展开更多
Backgrounds:Diabetes mellitus,especially type 2 diabetes,with its fast-rising prevalence,has become a global epidemic.Mulberry(Morus alba L.)leaf has been known to have hypoglycemic effects since ancient times.In Asia...Backgrounds:Diabetes mellitus,especially type 2 diabetes,with its fast-rising prevalence,has become a global epidemic.Mulberry(Morus alba L.)leaf has been known to have hypoglycemic effects since ancient times.In Asia mulberry leaf is used as tea to complement the treatment of diabetes mellitus.The methods by which mulberry leaf affects the body and its mechanism when combined with chemical agents have been studied extensively.Conclusions:We summarize the possible mechanisms of the anti-diabetic effects of mulberry leaf based on extraction procedures,in vitro and in vivo experiments,and clinical trials.We also discuss the hypothesis that crosstalk and“critical nodes”may be useful for a deeper molecular understanding of the treatment and prevention of diabetes with mulberry leaf.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (LH2021C075)Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Heilongjiang University),Ministry of Education。
文摘The purpose of this study was to characterize mulberry leaf instant tea(MLIT)powder prepared from the'Longsang No.1'(Morus abla L.cv.Longsang 1)mulberry leaves in Heilongjiang Province(China)and assess its obesity-preventing/relieving effects.A total of 174 compounds including quercetin,chlorogenic acid,1-deoxyecomycin(1-DNJ)related to antihyperlipidemia effects were identified from the MLIT powder.MLIT treatment reversed the Lee's index,fat coefficient,and serum biochemical parameters in both the obesity relieving and obesity preventing mice fed with high-fat diet.In the obesity relieving experiment,the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio in mouse feces decreased after both 0.5%and 1%MLIT treatments.In obesity preventing experiments,mouse with different amount of MLIT treatments showed increased relative abundance of Akkermansia,Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,while Deferribacteres,Desulfobacterota decreased.The beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract of mice treated with MLIT increased.This study proved that MLIT had antihyperlipidemia potential via modulating intestinal microbiota in mice.
基金the grant from National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFE0110000)the grant from Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Foundation(Grant No.22JCYBJC00160).
文摘Background:Green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk are traditional herbs used in the prevention and treatment of diabetes in China for a long time,but their synergistic hypoglycemic effects and mechanisms remain unclear.Methods:The effective components of green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk were extracted and enriched.Mixture design of experiments was used to study the influences of different combinations on the cell viability and glucose uptake level of L6 myoblasts,so as to determine the optimal synergistic hypoglycemic combination.The possible hypoglycemic mechanism of the optimal synergistic combination was explored by cytotoxicity assay,glucose uptake assay,and western blot.Results:Three polyphenol enrichment fractions of the herbs,30%ethanol elution fraction of green tea(GT),50%ethanol elution fraction of mulberry leaf(ML)and 60%ethanol elution fraction of corn silk(CS)were obtained.The antioxidant activities of GT-30%,ML-50%and CS-60%were superior to those of crude extracts,and showed strong potential inα-amylase andα-glucosidase inhibition activities.The optimal synergistic combination of crude extracts G7(crude extract of green tea:crude extract of mulberry leaf:crude extract of corn silk=1:5:3),polyphenol enrichment fractions R3(GT-30%:ML-50%:CS-60%=1:7:1)and monomers X2(epigallocatechin gallate:morusin:formononetin=3:1:2)were selected,respectively.G7,R3,and X2 showed promoting effects on the cell viability and glucose uptake of L6 myoblasts within the detected concentration range.In addition,G7,R3,and X2 could increase the expression levels of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt in L6 myoblasts,and promote the translocation of Glut4,but G7 and R3 showed more significant effects.Conclusion:The synergistic hypoglycemic effects of green tea,mulberry leaf and corn silk had the characteristics of multiple-components and multiple-targets with p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt and the translocation of Glut4 signal pathways involved.The three traditional herbs might have the potential to be combined used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes based on the synergistic hypoglycemic effects.
文摘Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is one of the most common complications of diabetes.It is an important cause of diabetes disability and death.DN is a systemic metabolic syndrome.In its pathogenesis,the interaction of various cell activities and a large number of cytokine biological activities,the activation of signal pathways and so on are involved in the development of DN.At present,the clinical treatment of DN is mainly Western medicine,but it has limitations such as strong toxicity,high side effects and poor compliance.Therefore,the discovery of natural anti-DN substances has also become an important means to treat DN.Mulberry leaves are the dry leaves of Morus alba L.It is not only a traditional Chinese medicine,but also a dual-purpose medicinal material for medicine and food.It has the effects of dispelling wind and clearing heat,cooling blood and brightening eyes,tonifying and so on.Mulberry leaf polysaccharide(MLP)is a kind of high molecular compound in mulberry leaves.It has many pharmacological effects,such as hypoglycemic,antioxidant,anti-stress,anti-virus and so on.Therefore,the pharmacological effects of mulberry leaf polysaccharides on diabetic nephropathy are reviewed in this paper,so as to provide references for further research and application.The pathogenesis of DN is complex,and the mechanism of renal injury has not been completely clarified.The current studies believe that DN is closely related to heredity,abnormal glucose metabolism,abnormal lipid metabolism,microcirculation disorder,cytokine action,oxidative stress and so on.Relevant studies show that the pharmacological effects of mulberry leaf polysaccharide in the prevention and treatment of DN mainly include:①Effect on transforming factor-β1(TGF-β1):TGF-β1 has become an important cytokine involved in the formation of renal fibrosis by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation and the production of extracellular matrix(ECM).MLP can significantly inhibit TGF-β1 protein,and then inhibit the synthesis of extracellular matrix by renal interstitial fibroblasts and inhibit the realization of fibrosis.②Effect on insulin receptor substrate(IRS-1):IRS-1 is an important signal molecule at the beginning of IR signal transduction.The decrease of IRS-1 gene expression or the decrease of expression can affect the effective transmission of IR signal and lead to the development and deterioration of diabetes. MPL can significantly increase the expression of IRS-1 mRNA in liver tissue of DN rats, so as to prevent and treat DN. ③ Effect on the expression of resistin protein in adipose tis sue. Resistin is a secretory polypeptide derived from adipose tissue and is specifically expressed in white adipose tissue and is closely related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Experimental studies show that MLP can effectively reduce the expression of resistin protein in white adipose tissue of T2DM rats, indicating that MLP may reduce the level of IR by inhibiting the expression of resistin in adipose tissue, thereby reducing the insulin resistance state of T2DM rats, so as to achieve the goal of treating diabetes. ④ Effect on adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1): adiponectin can improve insulin resistance, reduce blood glucose and lipid. AdipoR1 is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle and kidney. Studies have shown that AdipoR1 is closely related to the occurrence and development of DN. The results showed that MLP could reduce the blood glucose and blood lipid level and up regulate the expression of AdipoR1 mRNA in DN rats, suggesting that MLP may delay the occurrence and development of DN. This article reviewed the pharmacological effects of mulberry leaf polysaccharides on diabetic nephropathy, and provided a useful basis for further development and utilization of mul berry leaf polysaccharides in the treatment of DN.
基金Supported by Seed Engineering Project of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(15D0605)Youth Innovation Fund Project of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(15130634)+1 种基金Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201403049)Special Fund of China Agricultural Industry Research System(CARS-22-SYZ09)
文摘The effect of mulberry leaf powder on growth,slaughter performance and meat quality of Wanxi white goose was investigated by adding different proportions of mulberry leaf powder in the basal goose diet. After 125-day-old Wanxi white geese were fed with diets supplemented with 5%,8% and 11% mulberry leaf powder for consecutive 50 d,the average daily feed intake increased slightly,while the average daily weight gain decreased extremely( P < 0. 01),and the ratio of feed to gain increased significantly( P < 0. 01) compared to control. The slaughter rate,semi-eviscerated rate and eviscerated rate of Wanxi white goose in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were higher than those in control group,and the slaughter rate was significantly higher than that in control group( P < 0. 05). Adding mulberry leaf powder in diet significantly reduced the abdominal fat rate of Wanxi white goose( P < 0. 01),but had no significant impact on pectoral muscle rate and limb muscle rate( P > 0. 05). Compared to control group,the contents of dry matter,fat,crude protein,saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid of Wanxi white geese in experimental groups decreased significantly( P < 0. 05),and the content of total amino acids also decreased slightly. The inosinic acid content in muscle of Wanxi white goose in groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ were slightly higher than that in control group. The thiamine content of Wanxi white goose in group Ⅳ was 52. 00%higher than that in control group( P < 0. 05). These results preliminarily showed that adding appropriate amount of mulberry leaf powder in diet could significantly improve the slaughter performance of Wanxi white goose,and improve the flavor of meat. But high amount of mulberry leaf powder should be avoided to ensure the palatability of diet.
基金the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province(No.202202AE090023)Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2022B0202040002+8 种基金2022B0202050001)the Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food,Ministry of Agriculturethe Heyuan Branch,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project(No.DT20220026)Talent Introduction Program of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.R2022YJ-YB3004)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Project of Guangdong Province(No.2022A15151102272023A1515012386)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(No.2023A04J0828)the Guangdong Provincial Special Fund for Modern Agriculture Industry Technology Innovation Teams(No.202109TD)the Special Fund Project for Teachers’Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation in Shunde Innovation Park,National University Science Park,South China University of Technology(No.KJYS2021KZ05)for their financial support。
文摘Two oligosaccharide fractions(MLO 2-1 and 2-2)were purified from enzymatic hydrolysate of mulberry leaf polysaccharide.The results of simulated digestion showed that MLO 2-2 was a digestible oligosaccharide,which could be degraded by human digestive juice;while MLO 2-1 possessed the non-digestible property in the upper gastrointestinal tract and performed the function by regulating the gut microbiota.Hence,MLO 2-1 was selected for the further analysis.The structure of MLO 2-1 was elucidated as follow:α-T-Glcp-(1→3)-β-Glcp-(1→5)-α-Araf-(1→5)-α-Araf-1→5)-α-Araf-(1→3)-α-(2-OAc)-Glcp-1.The in vitro fecal fermentation results showed that MLO 2-1 could modulate the composition of gut microbiota.Meanwhile,MLO 2-1 was effectively metabolized by fecal bacteria to produce lactate and short chain fatty acids,especially acetate and butyrate.The specific metabolic pathways of MLO 2-1 by gut microbiota were further illuminated.Gut microbiota analysis revealed that MLO 2-1 selectively promoted the growth of Ligilactobacillus murinus,a commensal bacterium presented a reduced level in T2DM mice.Animal experiments indicated that MLO 2-1 and L.murinus exhibited hypoglycemic activities.These results demonstrated that MLO 2-1 might alleviate T2DM by selectively accelerating the proliferation of L.murinus.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81973535, No. 82274166)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No. 2023-BS-093)。
文摘Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf is a well-established traditional Chinese botanical and culinary resource. It has found widespread application in the management of diabetes. The bioactive constituents of mulberry leaf, specifically mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLFs), exhibit pronounced potential in the amelioration of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This potential is attributed to their ability to safeguard pancreatic β cells, enhance insulin resistance, and inhibit α-glucosidase activity. Our antecedent research findings underscore the substantial therapeutic efficacy of MLFs in treating T2D. However, the precise mechanistic underpinnings of MLF’s anti-T2D effects remain the subject of inquiry. Activation of brown/beige adipocytes is a novel and promising strategy for T2D treatment. In the present study, our primary objective was to elucidate the impact of MLFs on adipose tissue browning in db/db mice and 3T3-L1 cells and elucidate its underlying mechanism. The results manifested that MLFs reduced body weight and food intake, alleviated hepatic steatosis, improved insulin sensitivity, and increased lipolysis and thermogenesis in db/db mice. Moreover, MLFs activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) and induced the browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes by increasing the expressions of brown adipocyte marker genes and proteins such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and beige adipocyte marker genes such as transmembrane protein 26 (Tmem26), thereby promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Mechanistically, MLFs facilitated the activation of BAT and the induction of WAT browning to ameliorate T2D primarily through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) signaling pathway. These findings highlight the unique capacity of MLF to counteract T2D by enhancing BAT activation and inducing browning of IWAT, thereby ameliorating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. As such, MLFs emerge as a prospective and innovative browning agent for the treatment of T2D.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for the Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System,China(CARS-39,200903006)To Build Healthy Farming Model and Demonstrate for Sheep(2012BAD39B05-3)
文摘As a new type of methane control agent, natural plant extract has been widely studied in recent years,but in vivo studies are few. This study was to investigate the effects of the dietary supplementation of 2 different polyphenols on the methane（CH4） emission and digestion metabolism in sheep. Ten healthy crossbred sheep（Dorper（?）× small-tailed Han ♀; BW 60.0 ± 1.73 kg） were used in a change-over design.The sheep were fed the following 3 diets in the present study: the basal diet（CON） with no supplementation; the basal diet supplemented with 2 g mulberry leaf flavonoid（MLF） per day per sheep; the basal diet supplemented with 0.25 g resveratrol（RES） per day per sheep. Both MLF and RES reduced CH4 emission scaled to metabolic weight per kilogram of DMI and CO2 output scaled to metabolic weight, but the effect of RES was significant（P < 0.05）. Both MLF and RES significantly improved apparent digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, and nitrogen, but the effect of RES was significant（P < 0.05）. Both MLF and RES significantly improved ME（P < 0.05） and reduced energy losses in CH4 emission（P > 0.05）. In conclusion, MLF and RES can improve the digestibility of nutrients, the utilization of nutrients and energy, and reduce CH4 emission, but they are not conducive to nitrogen retention.
基金This work was carried out with the support of National Natural Science Foundation(No.81374027),the People’s Republic of China.
文摘Backgrounds:Diabetes mellitus,especially type 2 diabetes,with its fast-rising prevalence,has become a global epidemic.Mulberry(Morus alba L.)leaf has been known to have hypoglycemic effects since ancient times.In Asia mulberry leaf is used as tea to complement the treatment of diabetes mellitus.The methods by which mulberry leaf affects the body and its mechanism when combined with chemical agents have been studied extensively.Conclusions:We summarize the possible mechanisms of the anti-diabetic effects of mulberry leaf based on extraction procedures,in vitro and in vivo experiments,and clinical trials.We also discuss the hypothesis that crosstalk and“critical nodes”may be useful for a deeper molecular understanding of the treatment and prevention of diabetes with mulberry leaf.
