Background: Infections in ICU’s patients are known to often originate from the colonization of wounds by the patient’s endogenous microbiota, and to eventually lead to secondary sepsis. Aim: to compare in vitro the ...Background: Infections in ICU’s patients are known to often originate from the colonization of wounds by the patient’s endogenous microbiota, and to eventually lead to secondary sepsis. Aim: to compare in vitro the direct and residual effects after different exposure times of 4% chlorhexidine, and of 0.1% and 0.04% polyhexanide (in gel and solution forms), on ATCC-microorganisms, and too, on bacterial strains obtained from ICU patients. Methods: We used wild multi-drug resistant strains recently obtained from the wounds of patients hospitalized at ICU and reference strains from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Chlorhexidine 4% was studied as a reference solution. The direct and residual effects of the 0.1% and 0.04% polyhexanide, in gel and solution forms, were analyzed using cotton germ carriers. To evaluate the direct effect, we exposed the strains to the antiseptic. To assess the residual effect, the germ-carriers were impregnated with antiseptic and were allowed to dry before we contaminated them. We inoculated the germ carriers in a culture medium with an inhibitor of antiseptic effect to count the number of surviving microorganisms. Findings: 0.1% Polyhexanide solution proved a direct and residual efficacy after 24 hours equivalent to 4% chlorhexidine. Is very important to highlight that this great efficacy did not change according to whether they were ATCC or multidrug-resistant strains. Conclusions: 0.1% polyhexanide demonstrated a great direct and residual efficacy (like 4% chlorhexidine), against multi-drug resistant strains isolated from ICU’s patients. Moreover, due to its few cytotoxicity against keratinocytes and fibroblasts can be an optimal antiseptic for burns, wounds or ulcers.展开更多
Objective:To determine the clinical distribution of multi-drug resistant organism(MDRO)in Jiangyan Hospital and the monitoring and warning of drug-resistance bacteria to provide an important basis for guiding the appl...Objective:To determine the clinical distribution of multi-drug resistant organism(MDRO)in Jiangyan Hospital and the monitoring and warning of drug-resistance bacteria to provide an important basis for guiding the application of broad-spectrum antibiotics in clinical treatment and reducing the occurrence of nosocomial infection.Methods:Retrospective screening and analysis were conducted on the pathogenic strains of hospitalized patients in our hospital in 2022.Results:A total of 2,769 strains of pathogenic bacteria and 390 strains of MDRO were detected and isolated in our hospital in 2022;the detection rate of MDRO was 14.08%.A total of 516 strains(18.64%)Klebsiella pneumoniae(KP)and 62 strains(12.02%)of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CR-KP)were detected;436 strains(15.75%)of Escherichia coli(ECO)were detected,including 8 strains(1.83%)of CR-ECO;342 strains(12.35%)of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA)and 116 strains(33.92%)of CR-PA were detected;there were 194 strains(7.01%)of Acinetobacter baumannii(AB),among which 125 strains(64.43%)were CR-AB;there were 291 strains(10.51%)of Staphylococcus aureus,among which 79 strains(27.15%)of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)were detected;78 strains(2.82%)of Enterococcus faecalis were detected,and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus(VRE)was not detected.The first five MDROs were CR-AB,CR-PA,MRSA,CR-KP,and CR-ECO.The top five departments with the highest MDRO detection rate in 2022 were the ICU(37.44%),the Pulmonology Department(ward 13;31.03%),the Department of Rehabilitation(ward 5;6.67%),the Department of Neurosurgery(ward 11;4.62%),and the Department of General Surgery(ward 10;3.59 The resistance rate of antibacterial drugs is divided into four levels for early warning:30%to 40%,41%to 50%,51%to 75%,and 75%or more.Conclusion:Our hospital should strengthen the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance warning related to MDRO and the abuse of antimicrobial drugs.Based on the results of drug sensitivity and antimicrobial resistance warning,the use of antibiotics should be standardized in clinical practice to reduce nosocomial infection。展开更多
AIM:To construct eukaryotic expression plasmids of full-length Hepatitis B Virus(HBV) genotype C genome,which contain lamivudine-resistant mutants(YIDD,YVDD) or wild-type strain(YMDD) ,and to observe the expression of...AIM:To construct eukaryotic expression plasmids of full-length Hepatitis B Virus(HBV) genotype C genome,which contain lamivudine-resistant mutants(YIDD,YVDD) or wild-type strain(YMDD) ,and to observe the expression of HBV DNA and antigens [hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg) ] of the recombinant plasmids in HepG2 cells. METHODS:Three HBV full-length genomes were amplified from the plasmids pMD18T-HBV/YIDD,pMD18T-HBV/YVDD and pMD18T-HBV/YMDD,using PCR. Three recombinant plasmids were generated by inserting each of the PCR products into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+) ,between the EcoRI and HindⅢ sites. After being characterized by restriction endonuclease digestion,and DNA sequence analysis,the recombinant plasmids were transfected into HepG2 cells. At 48 and 72 h post-transfection,the levels of intracellular viral DNA replication were detected by real-time PCR,and the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg in the cell culture supernatant was determined by ELISA. RESULTS:Restriction endonuclease digestion and DNA sequence analysis confirmed that the threerecombinant plasmids were correctly constructed. After transfecting the plasmids into HepG2 cells,high levels of intracellular viral DNA replication were observed,and HBsAg and HBeAg were secreted into the cell culture supernatant. CONCLUSION:Eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA3.1(+) -HBV/YIDD,pcDNA3.1(+) -HBV/YVDD or pcDNA3.1(+) -HBV/YMDD,which contained HBV genotype C full-length genome,were successfully constructed. After transfection into HepG2 cells,the recombinant plasmids efficiently expressed HBV DNA,HBsAg and HBeAg. Our results provide an experimental basis for the further study of HBV lamivudine-resistant mutants.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to select E. coli strains with phage-resistance. [Method] Phage-resistant strains of E. coli glyA genetic engineering bacteria were selected by phage induction and UV-coupling phage induct...[Objective] This study aimed to select E. coli strains with phage-resistance. [Method] Phage-resistant strains of E. coli glyA genetic engineering bacteria were selected by phage induction and UV-coupling phage induction. [Result] By phage induction, 20 strains with stable resistance were selected from the 24 phage-resistant strains, only one strain showed better growth condition than the original strains, but the enzymatic activities of the 20 strains were all lower than the original strains; 41 phage-resistant strains were selected by UV-coupling phage induction, 39 strains of which had better stability, including 7 strains that showed better growth conditions than the original strains and two strains had higher enzymatic activities than the original strains. [Conclusion] UV-coupling phage induction is a suitable method to select phage-resistant strains from E. coli genetic engineering bacteria.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA in drug-sensitive cell and drug-resistant clones of ovarian cancer cell lines. Methods: RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry were used to investigate...Objective: To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA in drug-sensitive cell and drug-resistant clones of ovarian cancer cell lines. Methods: RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry were used to investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in 3 clones drug-sensitive and 5 clones drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell. Results: Strong COX-2 mRNA expressions were detected in 3 clones of drug-sensitive cell and weak expressions were detected in 5 clones of drug-resistant cell. The protein expression of COX-2 in drug-sensitive cell was strongly positive reaction in immunocytochemistry stain and there was a weak positive reaction in 5 clones of drug-resistant cell. Conclusion: The expression of COX-2 mRNA in drug-sensitive cell strains is much higher than that in drug-resistant strains of ovarian cancer cell lines, providing a basis of the chemoprevention for ovarian cancer.展开更多
Liquefaction is one of the most destructive phenomena caused by earthquakes,which has been studied in the issues of potential,triggering and hazard analysis.The strain energy approach is a common method to investigate...Liquefaction is one of the most destructive phenomena caused by earthquakes,which has been studied in the issues of potential,triggering and hazard analysis.The strain energy approach is a common method to investigate liquefaction potential.In this study,two Artificial Neural Network(ANN)models were developed to estimate the liquefaction resistance of sandy soil based on the capacity strain energy concept(W)by using laboratory test data.A large database was collected from the literature.One group of the dataset was utilized for validating the process in order to prevent overtraining the presented model.To investigate the complex influence of fine content(FC)on liquefaction resistance,according to previous studies,the second database was arranged by samples with FC of less than 28%and was used to train the second ANN model.Then,two presented ANN models in this study,in addition to four extra available models,were applied to an additional 20 new samples for comparing their results to show the capability and accuracy of the presented models herein.Furthermore,a parametric sensitivity analysis was performed through Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS)to evaluate the effects of parameters and their uncertainties on the liquefaction resistance of soils.According to the results,the developed models provide a higher accuracy prediction performance than the previously publishedmodels.The sensitivity analysis illustrated that the uncertainties of grading parameters significantly affect the liquefaction resistance of soils.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate antibacterial activity of the Indonesian water soluble green tea extract,Camellia sinensis,against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)(MRSA)and multi-drug r...Objective:To evaluate antibacterial activity of the Indonesian water soluble green tea extract,Camellia sinensis,against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)(MRSA)and multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(MDR-P.aeruginosa).Methods:Antimicrobial activity of green tea extract was determined by the disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)was determined by the twofold serial broth dilutions method.The tested bacteria using in this study were the standard strains and multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of S.aureus and P.aeruginosa,obtained from Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology,Faculty of Medicine,University of Indonesia.Results:The results showed that the inhibition zone diameter of green tea extracts forS.aureus ATCC 25923 and MRSA were(18.970依0.287)mm,and(19.130依0.250)mm respectively.While the inhibition zone diameter forP.aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and MDR-P.aeruginosawere(17.550依0.393)mm and(17.670依0.398)mm respectively.The MIC of green tea extracts againstS.aureus ATCC 25923 and MRSA were 400μg/mL and 400μg/mL,respectively,whereas the MIC for P.aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and MDR-P.aeruginosawere 800μg/mL,and 800μg/mL,respectively.Conclusions:Camellia sinensisleaves extract could be useful in combating emerging drug-resistance caused by MRSA andP.aeruginosa.展开更多
Objective:To Isolate,purify,characterize,and evaluate the bioaclive compounds from the sponge-derived fungus Penicillium sp.FF001 and to elucidate its structure.Methods:The fungal strain FF001 with an interesting bioa...Objective:To Isolate,purify,characterize,and evaluate the bioaclive compounds from the sponge-derived fungus Penicillium sp.FF001 and to elucidate its structure.Methods:The fungal strain FF001 with an interesting bioactivity profile was isolated from a marine Fijian sponge Melophlus sp.Based on conidiophores aggregation,conidia development and mycelia morphological characteristics,the isolate FF001 was classically identified as a Penicillium sp.The bioactive compound was identified using various spectral analysis of UV,high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectra,1H and 13C NMR spectral data.Further minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)assay and brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay were also carried out to evaluate the biological properties of the purified compound.Results:Bioassay guided fractionation of the EtOAc extract of a static culture of this Penicillium sp.by different chromatographic methods led the isolation of an antibacterial,anticryptococcal and cytotoxic active compound,which was identified as citrinin(1).Further,citrinin(1)is reported for its potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),rifampicin-resistant 5.aureus,wild type S.aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium showed MICs of 3.90,0.97,1.95 and7.81μg/mL,respectively.Further citrinin(1)displayed significant activity against the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans(MIC 3.90μg/mL),and exhibited cytotoxicity against brine shrimp larvae LD_(50)of 96μg/mL.Conclusions:Citrinin(1)is reported from sponge associated Penicillium sp.from this study and for its strong antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant human pathogens including cytotoxicity against brine shrimp larvae,which indicated that sponge associated Penicillium spp.are promising sources of natural bioactive metabolites.展开更多
Many populations of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, have developed high levels of resistance to the pesticide abamectin in China and other countries. This study developed a near-isogenic line to...Many populations of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, have developed high levels of resistance to the pesticide abamectin in China and other countries. This study developed a near-isogenic line to understand better the inheritance, cross-resistance, and fitness costs associated with abamectin resistance in the field population of T. urticae in China. We introduced the trait that confers extremely high abamectin resistance in a field-collected population of T. urticae into a susceptible laboratory strain(IPP-SS) to generate an abamectin-resistant near-isogenic line(NIL-Aba).This process was carried out through multiple backcrossing to IPP-SS and via parthenogenesis and abamectin screening. Compared with IPP-SS, the NIL-Aba strain had a 25 147-fold resistance to abamectin and a high level of cross-resistance to bifenthrin(288.17-fold), an intermediate level to emamectin benzoate(42.57-fold), and low levels to bifenazate, chlorfenapyr, cyflumetofen, cyenopyrafen, and cyetpyrafen with resistance ranging from 3.18-to 9.31-fold.But it had no cross-resistance to profenofos. The resistance to abamectin in NIL-Aba was autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic. Based on two sex life table parameters, no fitness cost was found in NIL-Aba. Establishing the NIL-Aba strain provides a reliable basis for an in-depth study of abamectin resistance in T. urticae. New information on toxicological characteristics and fitness cost should facilitate the management of abamectin resistance in field populations of T. urticae.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of flavonoids extracted from two Libyan brown algae namely Cystoseira compressa and Padina pavonica using microwave-assisted extraction method against pathogenic...This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of flavonoids extracted from two Libyan brown algae namely Cystoseira compressa and Padina pavonica using microwave-assisted extraction method against pathogenic bacteria isolated from meat, meat products, milk and dairy products (Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (5 isolates), Bacillus cereus (3 isolates), Bacillus pumilus (1 isolate), Salmonella enterica subsp. enteric (4 isolates) and Enterohaemor-rhagic Escherichia coli O157 (EHEC O157) (4 isolates)). All of these isolates were muti-drug resistant with high MAR index. The results showed that C. compressa extract exhibited better and stronger antibacterial activities against the seventeen tested isolates with inhibition zones diameter ranged from 14 - 22 mm compared to P. pavonica extract which showed positive effect against 9 isolates with low inhibition zone ranged from 11 - 16.5 mm. Flavonoids extracted from C. compressa also displayed the best spectrum of bactericidal effect with a ratio MBC/MIC ≤ 4 obtained on all susceptible tested bacterial strains. Flavonoids and proanthocyanidins significantly contributed to the antibacterial properties. The mode of action of these active extracts is under investigation.展开更多
Background:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has now spread to most countries and regions of the world.Risk factors associated with multi-drug resistant organism(MDRO)infections in patients with COVID-19 have not been...Background:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has now spread to most countries and regions of the world.Risk factors associated with multi-drug resistant organism(MDRO)infections in patients with COVID-19 have not been well studied yet.In the present study,we aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the MDRO infections and their impact on in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients.Methods:This retrospective cohort study was conducted between December 2019 and April 2020 at two tertiary hospitals in Wuhan,China.Data of cases were collected through electronic medical records system.This study was focused on cases with bacterial culture records.Risk factors and outcomes associated with MDRO infections were analyzed using logistic regression model.Results:Of the 2891 patients,370 patients have bacterial culture results,and MDROs were isolated in 38 patients.Respiratory tract infections(67.3%)were the most common hospital acquired infections.Variables independently associated with MDRO infections were dyspnea at admission(odds ratio(OR)4.74;95%confidence interval(CI)2.06-10.88;P<0.001),intensive care unit(ICU)admission(OR 5.02;95%CI 1.99-12.63;P<0.01),and invasive mechanical ventilation(OR 5.13;95%CI 2.15-12.27;P<0.001),adjusted for age and gender.MDROs infection was also a significant risk factor of death for the patients,adjusted for age,gender,severity of illness,ICU admission and mechanical ventilation(OR 1.12,95%CI:0.43-2.96,P=0.817).Conclusion:In our study,dyspnea at admission,ICU admission and invasive mechanical ventilation were associated with the presence of MDRO infections,and clinicians should be alert in MDRO infections in COVID-19 hospitalized patients.展开更多
Objective:To isolate,purify,characterize,elucidate structure and evaluate bioactive compounds from the sponge-derived Salinispora sp.FS-0034.Methods:The symbiotic actinomycete strain FS-0034 with an interesting bioact...Objective:To isolate,purify,characterize,elucidate structure and evaluate bioactive compounds from the sponge-derived Salinispora sp.FS-0034.Methods:The symbiotic actinomycete strain FS-0034 with an interesting bioactivity profile was isolated from the Fijian marine sponge Theonella sp.Based on colony morphology and obligatory requirement of seawater for growth,and mycelia morphological characteristics the isolate FS-0034 was identified as a Salinispora sp.The bioactive compound was identified by using various spectral analysis of ultraviolet,high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy,H nuclear magnetic resonance,correlated spectroscopy and heteronuclear multiple bond coherence spectral data.A minimum inhibitory concentration assay were performed to evaluate the biological properties of the pure compound against multi-drug resistant pathogens.Results:Bioassay guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract of the culture of Salinispora sp.FS-0034 by different chromatographic methods yielded the isolation of an antibacterial compound,which was identified as rifamycin W(compound 1).Rifamycin W was reported for its potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,wild type Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 15.62,7.80 and 250.00 μg/mL,respectively.Conclusions:The present study reported the rifamycin W from sponge-associated Salinispora sp.and it exhibited appreciable antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant human pathogens which indicated that sponge-associated Actinobacteria are significant sources of bioactive metabolites.展开更多
Objective:To scrutinize patterns of multi-drug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli(UPEC) strains and particularly of fluoroquinolone-resistance this is an alternative choice for the treatment of urinary tract inf...Objective:To scrutinize patterns of multi-drug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli(UPEC) strains and particularly of fluoroquinolone-resistance this is an alternative choice for the treatment of urinary tract infections.Methods:Bacterial samples(n = 250) were collected from out-patients from August 2012 to August 2014 Islamabad.Antibiotic susceptibility profiling and determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations were performed according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI,2012).Genes,qnrA,qnrB and qnrS were identified by DNA amplification and sequencing.Results:The highest percentage of UPEC isolates were resistant to co-trimoxazole(82%) followed by cephalothin(80%),2nd Gen,3rd Gen and 4th Gen cephalosporins,respectively.Resistance against gentamicin,amikacin remained 29% and 4%.For other drugs including nitrofurantoin,tetracycline,carbapenem and beta-lactam inhibitors remained below 10%.Altogether,59% of the isolates were resistant to at least three antibiotics including one fluoroquinolone.Overall,MICs for ciprofloxacin remained(MIC≥256 μg/mL) and for levofloxacin(MIC≥16 μg/mL and 32 μg/mL).No significant differences were observed regarding MIC values of extended spectrumβ-lactamase(ESBL) and non-ESBL producers.For qnrS and qnrB positive isolates MICs remained above 32 μg/mL.Prevalence of UPEC was significantly higher among females and 40% of the isolates were ESBL producers.Conclusions:Higher percentages of ESBL producing UPEC were associated with urinary tract infections.Moreover,the majority of these isolates were multi-drug resistant and fluoroquinolone-resistant.展开更多
Objective:The acceptability of herbal remedies for alleviating discomforts and ill-health has become very popular, on the account of the increasing cost of allopathic medicine for personal health maintenance.The obser...Objective:The acceptability of herbal remedies for alleviating discomforts and ill-health has become very popular, on the account of the increasing cost of allopathic medicine for personal health maintenance.The observable non-adherence of herbalists to the established World Health Organization(WHO) / National Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control(NAFDAC) regulations for the quality control of herbal medicines is an issue for concern.In view of this,34 popular and widely consumed crude herbal remedies in southwestern,Nigeria were screened for compliance with standard limits for bacterial contamination,bacteria flora and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Methods:Isolates recovered from samples were identified using the cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics.They were also tested for drug sensitivity using standard procedures. Results:A heavy bacteria load ranging from 3.00×10~3-9.58×10~5 CFU/ML and 1.20×10~5- 5.41×10~5 CFU/ML was observed for water and spirit extracted preparations respectively.The bacteria flora cum contaminants were:Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,Bacillus subtilis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus,Lactobacillus plantarum,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,streptococcus,Shigella, Neisseria,Arthrobacter,Kurthia and Clostridium species.All the isolates were multi-drug resistant(MDR) strains.Conclusion:The crude herbal preparations consumed in Nigeria failed to comply with the internationally recognized standards regarding bacteria load and flora.The presence of MDR pathogens is of greatest concern. It poses a great risk to consumers health and could be a source of introducing MDR organisms into the human population.There is the need for the enforcement of established guidelines to ensure the safety of these preparations.展开更多
Background: The treatment of Hp infection has been the most popular topic of the most attention and research by gastrointestinal disease workers, and the biggest problem in the treatment of Hp infection is Hp drug res...Background: The treatment of Hp infection has been the most popular topic of the most attention and research by gastrointestinal disease workers, and the biggest problem in the treatment of Hp infection is Hp drug resistance to antibiotics, and Hp drug resistance is the main cause of Hp eradication failure. It is severe for the multidrug resistance of Hp. Objective: To investigate the changing trend of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin in children and adults in Chengdu. Methods: The Hp strain determined the minimum antibacterial concentration (MIC) from 585 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin was measured by the E-test. Clinically isolated Hp strains were obtained by microaerobic condition culture as the diagnostic standard. Results: The Hp resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin in children in Chengdu were: 17.65% (27/153) and 18.06 (78/432) in adults. The Hp resistance to metronidazole and amoxicillin in children in Chengdu were: 11.76% (18/153) and 13.19 (57/432) in adults. The Hp resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin in children in Chengdu were: 3.92% (6/153) and 10.41 (45/432) in adults. There were 76.92% of the strains which were resistant to metronidazole, 24.11% to clarithromycin, and 18.46% to amoxicillin. The drug resistance rate of Hp has increased year by year from 2017 to 2021 year, especially the drug resistance rate of Hp to clarithromycin and metronidazole has generally increased. Conclusions: The drug resistance rate of Hp has increased year by year from 2017 to 2021 year.展开更多
Aim/Objective: Increase in incidences of pneumonia due to multi-drug resistant methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in both community and health care settings is of great concern globally. Present study ...Aim/Objective: Increase in incidences of pneumonia due to multi-drug resistant methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in both community and health care settings is of great concern globally. Present study aims to retrospectively analyze the efficacy of new fixed dose combination with antibiotic adjuvant entity (FDC) in comparison with vancomycin to treat patients with multi-drug resistant MRSA pneumonia. Materials and Methods: During this retrospective study, case sheets of patients who were treated for MRSA pneumonia with vancomycin or fixed dose combination of vancomycin + ceftriaxone + adjuvant (FDC) between 20 March 2010 to 20 October 2014 at tertiary care center, were analyzed. Various demographic features, antibiotic therapy, length of treatment duration and the resulting efficacy were evaluated. Microbiological success was measured in terms of bacterial eradication, while clinical success was monitored in terms of complete omission of systemic signs and symptoms. Results: Among 136 patients analyzed, 113 cases were having positive culture for MRSA, and hence were further analyzed. Out of these 113 patients, empirical treatment with vancomycin was given in 59 patients and 54 patients were treated with FDC empirically. After initial culture reports, 22 patients showing resistance to vancomycin were shifted to FDC. Amidst all the patients, 24 (64.86%) of 37 from vancomycin group and 62 (81.57%) of 76 from FDC group achieved clinical success. 9 patients out of these failure cases were cured with FDC + colistin combination therapy. Failure rates in FDC treated patients were significantly low (6.57%) as compared to vancomycin group (13.51%). Conclusion: For the treatment of different types of multi-drug resistant MRSA pneumonia, the empirical intravenous FDC therapy was safe and well tolerated with higher efficacy than vancomycin. Most of the vancomycin failure cases responded to FDC therapy and were cured. This retrospective study also concludes that an alternative option of FDC + colistin is safe and effective to treat the patients which fail to respond to FDC monotherapy.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Listeriosis is a common zoonotic disease caused by a foodborne pathogen, <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>. Poultry meat and products have been established as vehicle...<strong>Background:</strong> Listeriosis is a common zoonotic disease caused by a foodborne pathogen, <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>. Poultry meat and products have been established as vehicles of transmission of pathogenic <em>Listeria</em> strains to humans. This study evaluates the occurrence of <em>Listeria species</em> in faeces of poultry chicken in Lagos. <strong>Methods:</strong> One hundred and fourteen pooled fresh faecal samples from cage-reared broiler chickens were collected from 12 farms in three rural areas in Lagos State from May to August 2019. All samples were analysed for <em>Listeria</em> species detection according to ISO11290-1 standard and confirmed using PCR assay. Susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. <strong>Results:</strong> Twenty-eight (24.6%) <em>Listeria </em>species were detected from 114 faecal samples. The isolated <em>Listeria</em> species were<em> L. monocytogenes</em> 8 (7.0%), <em>L. ivanovii</em> 9 (7.9%),<em> L. grayi </em>7 (6.1%) and<em> L. innocua</em> 4 (3.5%). There was no significant difference in the frequency of occurrence of <em>Listeria</em> species across the different locations (X<sup>2</sup> = 4.98, p = 0.08). The listeria species were susceptible to Augmentin (96.4%), vancomycin (85.7%) and co-trimoxazole (82.1%), but resistant to ceftazidime (100%), tetracycline (75.0%) and ciprofloxacin (71.4%). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study reveals high occurrence of multi-drug resistant <em>Listeria</em> species in faecal samples of poultry chickens in Lagos state which may be an important vector in the contamination of the environment and transmission of antibiotic resistant <em>Listeria</em> species to consumers.展开更多
Wheat powdery mildew and stripe rust are the major diseases in wheat producing area in Xinjiang.To obtain wheat germplasm resources and varieties resistant to powdery mildew and rust,36 high-generation stable strains ...Wheat powdery mildew and stripe rust are the major diseases in wheat producing area in Xinjiang.To obtain wheat germplasm resources and varieties resistant to powdery mildew and rust,36 high-generation stable strains of Xinjiang winter wheat were evaluated using the method of natural inducement from 2018 to 2020.A total of 5 strains with high resistance to powdery mildew,4 strains with slow stripe rust and 1 strain with resistance to powdery mildew and adult plant slow stripe rust were obtained.And the parental combination of disease-resistant varieties was analyzed.These studies will provide theoretical basis for the breeding of resistant wheat varieties in Xinjiang.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effects of bronchoscopy alveolar lavage in the treatment of severe pneumonia caused by multiple drug bacterial infection.Methods:A total of 84 patients with severe pneumonia infected by multi-...Objective:To explore the effects of bronchoscopy alveolar lavage in the treatment of severe pneumonia caused by multiple drug bacterial infection.Methods:A total of 84 patients with severe pneumonia infected by multi-drug resistant bacteria were randomly selected from Kunming Second People's Hospital,which is our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 for this research.They were divided into a reference group and a study group using a digital table method,with 42 cases in each group.The reference group was given the routine treatment,the research group performed bronchoscopy alveolar lavage on this basis to observe the curative effect.Results:Before treatment,there was no significant difference in serum factor indexes and blood gas analysis indexes between the two groups of patients,P>0.05.After treatment,the time of fever,cough,moist rales disappearing and infection control time in the study group were shorter than those in the reference group,P<0.05.Serum tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-8(IL-8)levels were lower than the reference group,and the arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PO2)and oxygen saturation(SO2)were both lower than the reference group,P<0.05.The effective rate of the treatment in the study group was higher than that in the reference group,P<0.05.Conclusion:Bronchoscopic alveolar lavage treatment can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with severe pneumonia caused by multi-drug resistant bacterial infection,and the effects are significant.展开更多
文摘Background: Infections in ICU’s patients are known to often originate from the colonization of wounds by the patient’s endogenous microbiota, and to eventually lead to secondary sepsis. Aim: to compare in vitro the direct and residual effects after different exposure times of 4% chlorhexidine, and of 0.1% and 0.04% polyhexanide (in gel and solution forms), on ATCC-microorganisms, and too, on bacterial strains obtained from ICU patients. Methods: We used wild multi-drug resistant strains recently obtained from the wounds of patients hospitalized at ICU and reference strains from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Chlorhexidine 4% was studied as a reference solution. The direct and residual effects of the 0.1% and 0.04% polyhexanide, in gel and solution forms, were analyzed using cotton germ carriers. To evaluate the direct effect, we exposed the strains to the antiseptic. To assess the residual effect, the germ-carriers were impregnated with antiseptic and were allowed to dry before we contaminated them. We inoculated the germ carriers in a culture medium with an inhibitor of antiseptic effect to count the number of surviving microorganisms. Findings: 0.1% Polyhexanide solution proved a direct and residual efficacy after 24 hours equivalent to 4% chlorhexidine. Is very important to highlight that this great efficacy did not change according to whether they were ATCC or multidrug-resistant strains. Conclusions: 0.1% polyhexanide demonstrated a great direct and residual efficacy (like 4% chlorhexidine), against multi-drug resistant strains isolated from ICU’s patients. Moreover, due to its few cytotoxicity against keratinocytes and fibroblasts can be an optimal antiseptic for burns, wounds or ulcers.
文摘Objective:To determine the clinical distribution of multi-drug resistant organism(MDRO)in Jiangyan Hospital and the monitoring and warning of drug-resistance bacteria to provide an important basis for guiding the application of broad-spectrum antibiotics in clinical treatment and reducing the occurrence of nosocomial infection.Methods:Retrospective screening and analysis were conducted on the pathogenic strains of hospitalized patients in our hospital in 2022.Results:A total of 2,769 strains of pathogenic bacteria and 390 strains of MDRO were detected and isolated in our hospital in 2022;the detection rate of MDRO was 14.08%.A total of 516 strains(18.64%)Klebsiella pneumoniae(KP)and 62 strains(12.02%)of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CR-KP)were detected;436 strains(15.75%)of Escherichia coli(ECO)were detected,including 8 strains(1.83%)of CR-ECO;342 strains(12.35%)of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA)and 116 strains(33.92%)of CR-PA were detected;there were 194 strains(7.01%)of Acinetobacter baumannii(AB),among which 125 strains(64.43%)were CR-AB;there were 291 strains(10.51%)of Staphylococcus aureus,among which 79 strains(27.15%)of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)were detected;78 strains(2.82%)of Enterococcus faecalis were detected,and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus(VRE)was not detected.The first five MDROs were CR-AB,CR-PA,MRSA,CR-KP,and CR-ECO.The top five departments with the highest MDRO detection rate in 2022 were the ICU(37.44%),the Pulmonology Department(ward 13;31.03%),the Department of Rehabilitation(ward 5;6.67%),the Department of Neurosurgery(ward 11;4.62%),and the Department of General Surgery(ward 10;3.59 The resistance rate of antibacterial drugs is divided into four levels for early warning:30%to 40%,41%to 50%,51%to 75%,and 75%or more.Conclusion:Our hospital should strengthen the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance warning related to MDRO and the abuse of antimicrobial drugs.Based on the results of drug sensitivity and antimicrobial resistance warning,the use of antibiotics should be standardized in clinical practice to reduce nosocomial infection。
基金The PhD Foundation of Education Ministry, China, No. 20050226002the Doctor Foundation of Harbin Medical University+1 种基金 The Youth Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, No. QC06C061The Foundation of Education Department, Heilongjiang Province, No. 11521089
文摘AIM:To construct eukaryotic expression plasmids of full-length Hepatitis B Virus(HBV) genotype C genome,which contain lamivudine-resistant mutants(YIDD,YVDD) or wild-type strain(YMDD) ,and to observe the expression of HBV DNA and antigens [hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg) ] of the recombinant plasmids in HepG2 cells. METHODS:Three HBV full-length genomes were amplified from the plasmids pMD18T-HBV/YIDD,pMD18T-HBV/YVDD and pMD18T-HBV/YMDD,using PCR. Three recombinant plasmids were generated by inserting each of the PCR products into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+) ,between the EcoRI and HindⅢ sites. After being characterized by restriction endonuclease digestion,and DNA sequence analysis,the recombinant plasmids were transfected into HepG2 cells. At 48 and 72 h post-transfection,the levels of intracellular viral DNA replication were detected by real-time PCR,and the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg in the cell culture supernatant was determined by ELISA. RESULTS:Restriction endonuclease digestion and DNA sequence analysis confirmed that the threerecombinant plasmids were correctly constructed. After transfecting the plasmids into HepG2 cells,high levels of intracellular viral DNA replication were observed,and HBsAg and HBeAg were secreted into the cell culture supernatant. CONCLUSION:Eukaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA3.1(+) -HBV/YIDD,pcDNA3.1(+) -HBV/YVDD or pcDNA3.1(+) -HBV/YMDD,which contained HBV genotype C full-length genome,were successfully constructed. After transfection into HepG2 cells,the recombinant plasmids efficiently expressed HBV DNA,HBsAg and HBeAg. Our results provide an experimental basis for the further study of HBV lamivudine-resistant mutants.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to select E. coli strains with phage-resistance. [Method] Phage-resistant strains of E. coli glyA genetic engineering bacteria were selected by phage induction and UV-coupling phage induction. [Result] By phage induction, 20 strains with stable resistance were selected from the 24 phage-resistant strains, only one strain showed better growth condition than the original strains, but the enzymatic activities of the 20 strains were all lower than the original strains; 41 phage-resistant strains were selected by UV-coupling phage induction, 39 strains of which had better stability, including 7 strains that showed better growth conditions than the original strains and two strains had higher enzymatic activities than the original strains. [Conclusion] UV-coupling phage induction is a suitable method to select phage-resistant strains from E. coli genetic engineering bacteria.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30070786)
文摘Objective: To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA in drug-sensitive cell and drug-resistant clones of ovarian cancer cell lines. Methods: RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry were used to investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in 3 clones drug-sensitive and 5 clones drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell. Results: Strong COX-2 mRNA expressions were detected in 3 clones of drug-sensitive cell and weak expressions were detected in 5 clones of drug-resistant cell. The protein expression of COX-2 in drug-sensitive cell was strongly positive reaction in immunocytochemistry stain and there was a weak positive reaction in 5 clones of drug-resistant cell. Conclusion: The expression of COX-2 mRNA in drug-sensitive cell strains is much higher than that in drug-resistant strains of ovarian cancer cell lines, providing a basis of the chemoprevention for ovarian cancer.
基金supported by the Scientific Innovation Group for Youths of Sichuan Province under Grant No.2019JDTD0017。
文摘Liquefaction is one of the most destructive phenomena caused by earthquakes,which has been studied in the issues of potential,triggering and hazard analysis.The strain energy approach is a common method to investigate liquefaction potential.In this study,two Artificial Neural Network(ANN)models were developed to estimate the liquefaction resistance of sandy soil based on the capacity strain energy concept(W)by using laboratory test data.A large database was collected from the literature.One group of the dataset was utilized for validating the process in order to prevent overtraining the presented model.To investigate the complex influence of fine content(FC)on liquefaction resistance,according to previous studies,the second database was arranged by samples with FC of less than 28%and was used to train the second ANN model.Then,two presented ANN models in this study,in addition to four extra available models,were applied to an additional 20 new samples for comparing their results to show the capability and accuracy of the presented models herein.Furthermore,a parametric sensitivity analysis was performed through Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS)to evaluate the effects of parameters and their uncertainties on the liquefaction resistance of soils.According to the results,the developed models provide a higher accuracy prediction performance than the previously publishedmodels.The sensitivity analysis illustrated that the uncertainties of grading parameters significantly affect the liquefaction resistance of soils.
基金Supported by Collaborative Project Research,Faculty of Pharmacy and Department of Microbiology,Medical Faculty,University of Indonesia,Grant No.2012/0806327660
文摘Objective:To evaluate antibacterial activity of the Indonesian water soluble green tea extract,Camellia sinensis,against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (S.aureus)(MRSA)and multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(MDR-P.aeruginosa).Methods:Antimicrobial activity of green tea extract was determined by the disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)was determined by the twofold serial broth dilutions method.The tested bacteria using in this study were the standard strains and multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of S.aureus and P.aeruginosa,obtained from Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology,Faculty of Medicine,University of Indonesia.Results:The results showed that the inhibition zone diameter of green tea extracts forS.aureus ATCC 25923 and MRSA were(18.970依0.287)mm,and(19.130依0.250)mm respectively.While the inhibition zone diameter forP.aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and MDR-P.aeruginosawere(17.550依0.393)mm and(17.670依0.398)mm respectively.The MIC of green tea extracts againstS.aureus ATCC 25923 and MRSA were 400μg/mL and 400μg/mL,respectively,whereas the MIC for P.aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and MDR-P.aeruginosawere 800μg/mL,and 800μg/mL,respectively.Conclusions:Camellia sinensisleaves extract could be useful in combating emerging drug-resistance caused by MRSA andP.aeruginosa.
基金Supported by the U.S.National Institutes of Health's International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups program(Grant No.NIH ICBG U01-TW007401)
文摘Objective:To Isolate,purify,characterize,and evaluate the bioaclive compounds from the sponge-derived fungus Penicillium sp.FF001 and to elucidate its structure.Methods:The fungal strain FF001 with an interesting bioactivity profile was isolated from a marine Fijian sponge Melophlus sp.Based on conidiophores aggregation,conidia development and mycelia morphological characteristics,the isolate FF001 was classically identified as a Penicillium sp.The bioactive compound was identified using various spectral analysis of UV,high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectra,1H and 13C NMR spectral data.Further minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)assay and brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay were also carried out to evaluate the biological properties of the purified compound.Results:Bioassay guided fractionation of the EtOAc extract of a static culture of this Penicillium sp.by different chromatographic methods led the isolation of an antibacterial,anticryptococcal and cytotoxic active compound,which was identified as citrinin(1).Further,citrinin(1)is reported for its potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),rifampicin-resistant 5.aureus,wild type S.aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium showed MICs of 3.90,0.97,1.95 and7.81μg/mL,respectively.Further citrinin(1)displayed significant activity against the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans(MIC 3.90μg/mL),and exhibited cytotoxicity against brine shrimp larvae LD_(50)of 96μg/mL.Conclusions:Citrinin(1)is reported from sponge associated Penicillium sp.from this study and for its strong antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant human pathogens including cytotoxicity against brine shrimp larvae,which indicated that sponge associated Penicillium spp.are promising sources of natural bioactive metabolites.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32072458)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-25)the Beijing Key Laboratory for Pest Control and Sustainable Cultivation of Vegetables, China, and the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIPIVFCAAS)。
文摘Many populations of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, have developed high levels of resistance to the pesticide abamectin in China and other countries. This study developed a near-isogenic line to understand better the inheritance, cross-resistance, and fitness costs associated with abamectin resistance in the field population of T. urticae in China. We introduced the trait that confers extremely high abamectin resistance in a field-collected population of T. urticae into a susceptible laboratory strain(IPP-SS) to generate an abamectin-resistant near-isogenic line(NIL-Aba).This process was carried out through multiple backcrossing to IPP-SS and via parthenogenesis and abamectin screening. Compared with IPP-SS, the NIL-Aba strain had a 25 147-fold resistance to abamectin and a high level of cross-resistance to bifenthrin(288.17-fold), an intermediate level to emamectin benzoate(42.57-fold), and low levels to bifenazate, chlorfenapyr, cyflumetofen, cyenopyrafen, and cyetpyrafen with resistance ranging from 3.18-to 9.31-fold.But it had no cross-resistance to profenofos. The resistance to abamectin in NIL-Aba was autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic. Based on two sex life table parameters, no fitness cost was found in NIL-Aba. Establishing the NIL-Aba strain provides a reliable basis for an in-depth study of abamectin resistance in T. urticae. New information on toxicological characteristics and fitness cost should facilitate the management of abamectin resistance in field populations of T. urticae.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of flavonoids extracted from two Libyan brown algae namely Cystoseira compressa and Padina pavonica using microwave-assisted extraction method against pathogenic bacteria isolated from meat, meat products, milk and dairy products (Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (5 isolates), Bacillus cereus (3 isolates), Bacillus pumilus (1 isolate), Salmonella enterica subsp. enteric (4 isolates) and Enterohaemor-rhagic Escherichia coli O157 (EHEC O157) (4 isolates)). All of these isolates were muti-drug resistant with high MAR index. The results showed that C. compressa extract exhibited better and stronger antibacterial activities against the seventeen tested isolates with inhibition zones diameter ranged from 14 - 22 mm compared to P. pavonica extract which showed positive effect against 9 isolates with low inhibition zone ranged from 11 - 16.5 mm. Flavonoids extracted from C. compressa also displayed the best spectrum of bactericidal effect with a ratio MBC/MIC ≤ 4 obtained on all susceptible tested bacterial strains. Flavonoids and proanthocyanidins significantly contributed to the antibacterial properties. The mode of action of these active extracts is under investigation.
基金supported by Clinical Toxicology Grants from Chinese Society of Toxicology(No.CST2020CT604).
文摘Background:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has now spread to most countries and regions of the world.Risk factors associated with multi-drug resistant organism(MDRO)infections in patients with COVID-19 have not been well studied yet.In the present study,we aimed to identify the risk factors associated with the MDRO infections and their impact on in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients.Methods:This retrospective cohort study was conducted between December 2019 and April 2020 at two tertiary hospitals in Wuhan,China.Data of cases were collected through electronic medical records system.This study was focused on cases with bacterial culture records.Risk factors and outcomes associated with MDRO infections were analyzed using logistic regression model.Results:Of the 2891 patients,370 patients have bacterial culture results,and MDROs were isolated in 38 patients.Respiratory tract infections(67.3%)were the most common hospital acquired infections.Variables independently associated with MDRO infections were dyspnea at admission(odds ratio(OR)4.74;95%confidence interval(CI)2.06-10.88;P<0.001),intensive care unit(ICU)admission(OR 5.02;95%CI 1.99-12.63;P<0.01),and invasive mechanical ventilation(OR 5.13;95%CI 2.15-12.27;P<0.001),adjusted for age and gender.MDROs infection was also a significant risk factor of death for the patients,adjusted for age,gender,severity of illness,ICU admission and mechanical ventilation(OR 1.12,95%CI:0.43-2.96,P=0.817).Conclusion:In our study,dyspnea at admission,ICU admission and invasive mechanical ventilation were associated with the presence of MDRO infections,and clinicians should be alert in MDRO infections in COVID-19 hospitalized patients.
基金Support from the U.S.National Institutes of Health's International Cooperative Biodiversity Groups Program(Grant NO.NIH ICBG U01-TW007401)
文摘Objective:To isolate,purify,characterize,elucidate structure and evaluate bioactive compounds from the sponge-derived Salinispora sp.FS-0034.Methods:The symbiotic actinomycete strain FS-0034 with an interesting bioactivity profile was isolated from the Fijian marine sponge Theonella sp.Based on colony morphology and obligatory requirement of seawater for growth,and mycelia morphological characteristics the isolate FS-0034 was identified as a Salinispora sp.The bioactive compound was identified by using various spectral analysis of ultraviolet,high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy,H nuclear magnetic resonance,correlated spectroscopy and heteronuclear multiple bond coherence spectral data.A minimum inhibitory concentration assay were performed to evaluate the biological properties of the pure compound against multi-drug resistant pathogens.Results:Bioassay guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract of the culture of Salinispora sp.FS-0034 by different chromatographic methods yielded the isolation of an antibacterial compound,which was identified as rifamycin W(compound 1).Rifamycin W was reported for its potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,wild type Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 15.62,7.80 and 250.00 μg/mL,respectively.Conclusions:The present study reported the rifamycin W from sponge-associated Salinispora sp.and it exhibited appreciable antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant human pathogens which indicated that sponge-associated Actinobacteria are significant sources of bioactive metabolites.
基金Partly supported by the research grant of Higher Education Commission Pakistan(No-3782)internal research funds of Qauid-i-Azam University Islamabad
文摘Objective:To scrutinize patterns of multi-drug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli(UPEC) strains and particularly of fluoroquinolone-resistance this is an alternative choice for the treatment of urinary tract infections.Methods:Bacterial samples(n = 250) were collected from out-patients from August 2012 to August 2014 Islamabad.Antibiotic susceptibility profiling and determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations were performed according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI,2012).Genes,qnrA,qnrB and qnrS were identified by DNA amplification and sequencing.Results:The highest percentage of UPEC isolates were resistant to co-trimoxazole(82%) followed by cephalothin(80%),2nd Gen,3rd Gen and 4th Gen cephalosporins,respectively.Resistance against gentamicin,amikacin remained 29% and 4%.For other drugs including nitrofurantoin,tetracycline,carbapenem and beta-lactam inhibitors remained below 10%.Altogether,59% of the isolates were resistant to at least three antibiotics including one fluoroquinolone.Overall,MICs for ciprofloxacin remained(MIC≥256 μg/mL) and for levofloxacin(MIC≥16 μg/mL and 32 μg/mL).No significant differences were observed regarding MIC values of extended spectrumβ-lactamase(ESBL) and non-ESBL producers.For qnrS and qnrB positive isolates MICs remained above 32 μg/mL.Prevalence of UPEC was significantly higher among females and 40% of the isolates were ESBL producers.Conclusions:Higher percentages of ESBL producing UPEC were associated with urinary tract infections.Moreover,the majority of these isolates were multi-drug resistant and fluoroquinolone-resistant.
文摘Objective:The acceptability of herbal remedies for alleviating discomforts and ill-health has become very popular, on the account of the increasing cost of allopathic medicine for personal health maintenance.The observable non-adherence of herbalists to the established World Health Organization(WHO) / National Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control(NAFDAC) regulations for the quality control of herbal medicines is an issue for concern.In view of this,34 popular and widely consumed crude herbal remedies in southwestern,Nigeria were screened for compliance with standard limits for bacterial contamination,bacteria flora and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.Methods:Isolates recovered from samples were identified using the cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics.They were also tested for drug sensitivity using standard procedures. Results:A heavy bacteria load ranging from 3.00×10~3-9.58×10~5 CFU/ML and 1.20×10~5- 5.41×10~5 CFU/ML was observed for water and spirit extracted preparations respectively.The bacteria flora cum contaminants were:Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,Bacillus subtilis,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus,Lactobacillus plantarum,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,streptococcus,Shigella, Neisseria,Arthrobacter,Kurthia and Clostridium species.All the isolates were multi-drug resistant(MDR) strains.Conclusion:The crude herbal preparations consumed in Nigeria failed to comply with the internationally recognized standards regarding bacteria load and flora.The presence of MDR pathogens is of greatest concern. It poses a great risk to consumers health and could be a source of introducing MDR organisms into the human population.There is the need for the enforcement of established guidelines to ensure the safety of these preparations.
文摘Background: The treatment of Hp infection has been the most popular topic of the most attention and research by gastrointestinal disease workers, and the biggest problem in the treatment of Hp infection is Hp drug resistance to antibiotics, and Hp drug resistance is the main cause of Hp eradication failure. It is severe for the multidrug resistance of Hp. Objective: To investigate the changing trend of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin in children and adults in Chengdu. Methods: The Hp strain determined the minimum antibacterial concentration (MIC) from 585 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin was measured by the E-test. Clinically isolated Hp strains were obtained by microaerobic condition culture as the diagnostic standard. Results: The Hp resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin in children in Chengdu were: 17.65% (27/153) and 18.06 (78/432) in adults. The Hp resistance to metronidazole and amoxicillin in children in Chengdu were: 11.76% (18/153) and 13.19 (57/432) in adults. The Hp resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin in children in Chengdu were: 3.92% (6/153) and 10.41 (45/432) in adults. There were 76.92% of the strains which were resistant to metronidazole, 24.11% to clarithromycin, and 18.46% to amoxicillin. The drug resistance rate of Hp has increased year by year from 2017 to 2021 year, especially the drug resistance rate of Hp to clarithromycin and metronidazole has generally increased. Conclusions: The drug resistance rate of Hp has increased year by year from 2017 to 2021 year.
文摘Aim/Objective: Increase in incidences of pneumonia due to multi-drug resistant methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in both community and health care settings is of great concern globally. Present study aims to retrospectively analyze the efficacy of new fixed dose combination with antibiotic adjuvant entity (FDC) in comparison with vancomycin to treat patients with multi-drug resistant MRSA pneumonia. Materials and Methods: During this retrospective study, case sheets of patients who were treated for MRSA pneumonia with vancomycin or fixed dose combination of vancomycin + ceftriaxone + adjuvant (FDC) between 20 March 2010 to 20 October 2014 at tertiary care center, were analyzed. Various demographic features, antibiotic therapy, length of treatment duration and the resulting efficacy were evaluated. Microbiological success was measured in terms of bacterial eradication, while clinical success was monitored in terms of complete omission of systemic signs and symptoms. Results: Among 136 patients analyzed, 113 cases were having positive culture for MRSA, and hence were further analyzed. Out of these 113 patients, empirical treatment with vancomycin was given in 59 patients and 54 patients were treated with FDC empirically. After initial culture reports, 22 patients showing resistance to vancomycin were shifted to FDC. Amidst all the patients, 24 (64.86%) of 37 from vancomycin group and 62 (81.57%) of 76 from FDC group achieved clinical success. 9 patients out of these failure cases were cured with FDC + colistin combination therapy. Failure rates in FDC treated patients were significantly low (6.57%) as compared to vancomycin group (13.51%). Conclusion: For the treatment of different types of multi-drug resistant MRSA pneumonia, the empirical intravenous FDC therapy was safe and well tolerated with higher efficacy than vancomycin. Most of the vancomycin failure cases responded to FDC therapy and were cured. This retrospective study also concludes that an alternative option of FDC + colistin is safe and effective to treat the patients which fail to respond to FDC monotherapy.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Listeriosis is a common zoonotic disease caused by a foodborne pathogen, <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>. Poultry meat and products have been established as vehicles of transmission of pathogenic <em>Listeria</em> strains to humans. This study evaluates the occurrence of <em>Listeria species</em> in faeces of poultry chicken in Lagos. <strong>Methods:</strong> One hundred and fourteen pooled fresh faecal samples from cage-reared broiler chickens were collected from 12 farms in three rural areas in Lagos State from May to August 2019. All samples were analysed for <em>Listeria</em> species detection according to ISO11290-1 standard and confirmed using PCR assay. Susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. <strong>Results:</strong> Twenty-eight (24.6%) <em>Listeria </em>species were detected from 114 faecal samples. The isolated <em>Listeria</em> species were<em> L. monocytogenes</em> 8 (7.0%), <em>L. ivanovii</em> 9 (7.9%),<em> L. grayi </em>7 (6.1%) and<em> L. innocua</em> 4 (3.5%). There was no significant difference in the frequency of occurrence of <em>Listeria</em> species across the different locations (X<sup>2</sup> = 4.98, p = 0.08). The listeria species were susceptible to Augmentin (96.4%), vancomycin (85.7%) and co-trimoxazole (82.1%), but resistant to ceftazidime (100%), tetracycline (75.0%) and ciprofloxacin (71.4%). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study reveals high occurrence of multi-drug resistant <em>Listeria</em> species in faecal samples of poultry chickens in Lagos state which may be an important vector in the contamination of the environment and transmission of antibiotic resistant <em>Listeria</em> species to consumers.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0101003)Science and Technology Program of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2016AC027,2019AB021).
文摘Wheat powdery mildew and stripe rust are the major diseases in wheat producing area in Xinjiang.To obtain wheat germplasm resources and varieties resistant to powdery mildew and rust,36 high-generation stable strains of Xinjiang winter wheat were evaluated using the method of natural inducement from 2018 to 2020.A total of 5 strains with high resistance to powdery mildew,4 strains with slow stripe rust and 1 strain with resistance to powdery mildew and adult plant slow stripe rust were obtained.And the parental combination of disease-resistant varieties was analyzed.These studies will provide theoretical basis for the breeding of resistant wheat varieties in Xinjiang.
基金Fund project no.:2020-SW(reserved)-52Kunming Health Commission 1000 project reserved candidates:Study on the diagnostic value of BALF solution acer sequencing and culturing in difficult and severe respiratory infections.
文摘Objective:To explore the effects of bronchoscopy alveolar lavage in the treatment of severe pneumonia caused by multiple drug bacterial infection.Methods:A total of 84 patients with severe pneumonia infected by multi-drug resistant bacteria were randomly selected from Kunming Second People's Hospital,which is our hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 for this research.They were divided into a reference group and a study group using a digital table method,with 42 cases in each group.The reference group was given the routine treatment,the research group performed bronchoscopy alveolar lavage on this basis to observe the curative effect.Results:Before treatment,there was no significant difference in serum factor indexes and blood gas analysis indexes between the two groups of patients,P>0.05.After treatment,the time of fever,cough,moist rales disappearing and infection control time in the study group were shorter than those in the reference group,P<0.05.Serum tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and interleukin-8(IL-8)levels were lower than the reference group,and the arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PO2)and oxygen saturation(SO2)were both lower than the reference group,P<0.05.The effective rate of the treatment in the study group was higher than that in the reference group,P<0.05.Conclusion:Bronchoscopic alveolar lavage treatment can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with severe pneumonia caused by multi-drug resistant bacterial infection,and the effects are significant.
