Earthquakes triggered by dynamic disturbances have been confirmed by numerous observations and experiments.In the past several decades,earthquake triggering has attracted increasing attention of scholars in relation t...Earthquakes triggered by dynamic disturbances have been confirmed by numerous observations and experiments.In the past several decades,earthquake triggering has attracted increasing attention of scholars in relation to exploring the mechanism of earthquake triggering,earthquake prediction,and the desire to use the mechanism of earthquake triggering to reduce,prevent,or trigger earthquakes.Natural earthquakes and large‐scale explosions are the most common sources of dynamic disturbances that trigger earthquakes.In the past several decades,some models have been developed,including static,dynamic,quasi‐static,and other models.Some reviews have been published,but explosiontriggered seismicity was not included.In recent years,some new results on earthquake triggering have emerged.Therefore,this paper presents a new review to reflect the new results and include the content of explosion‐triggered earthquakes for the reference of scholars in this area.Instead of a complete review of the relevant literature,this paper primarily focuses on the main aspects of dynamic earthquake triggering on a tectonic scale and makes some suggestions on issues that need to be resolved in this area in the future.展开更多
Federated learning is widely used to solve the problem of data decentralization and can provide privacy protectionfor data owners. However, since multiple participants are required in federated learning, this allows a...Federated learning is widely used to solve the problem of data decentralization and can provide privacy protectionfor data owners. However, since multiple participants are required in federated learning, this allows attackers tocompromise. Byzantine attacks pose great threats to federated learning. Byzantine attackers upload maliciouslycreated local models to the server to affect the prediction performance and training speed of the global model. Todefend against Byzantine attacks, we propose a Byzantine robust federated learning scheme based on backdoortriggers. In our scheme, backdoor triggers are embedded into benign data samples, and then malicious localmodels can be identified by the server according to its validation dataset. Furthermore, we calculate the adjustmentfactors of local models according to the parameters of their final layers, which are used to defend against datapoisoning-based Byzantine attacks. To further enhance the robustness of our scheme, each localmodel is weightedand aggregated according to the number of times it is identified as malicious. Relevant experimental data showthat our scheme is effective against Byzantine attacks in both independent identically distributed (IID) and nonindependentidentically distributed (non-IID) scenarios.展开更多
The 2022 Honghe M_(S)5.0 seismic event is intriguing due to its occurrence in the south of the Red River Fault,an area historically lacking seismic activities greater than M_(S)5.0.To elucidate the seismogenic mechani...The 2022 Honghe M_(S)5.0 seismic event is intriguing due to its occurrence in the south of the Red River Fault,an area historically lacking seismic activities greater than M_(S)5.0.To elucidate the seismogenic mechanism and scrutinize stress-triggered interactions,we calculated co-seismic and post-seismic Coulomb stress alterations induced by nine historical seismic events(M≥6.0).The analysis reveals that these substantial seismic events provoked co-seismic stress augmentations of 1.409 bar and postseismic stress increments of 0.159 bar.Noteworthy seismic events,such as the 1833 Songming,1877Shiping,1913 Eshan,and 1970 Tonghai earthquakes,catalyzed the occurrence of the Honghe earthquake.Areas of heightened future seismic risk include the southern region of the Red River Fault and the eastern segments of the Shiping-Jianshui and Qujiang faults.Additionally,we assessed the correlation between the spatial distribution of aftershocks and the Coulomb stress shift triggered by the mainshock,taking into account the influence of calculation parameter settings.展开更多
Negative Indian Ocean Dipole(nIOD)can exert great impacts on global climate and can also strongly influence the climate in China.Early nIOD is a major type of nIOD,which can induce more pronounced climate anomalies in...Negative Indian Ocean Dipole(nIOD)can exert great impacts on global climate and can also strongly influence the climate in China.Early nIOD is a major type of nIOD,which can induce more pronounced climate anomalies in summer than La Niña-related nIOD.However,the characteristics and triggering mechanisms of early nIOD are unclear.Our results based on reanalysis datasets indicate that the early nIOD and La Niña-related nIOD are the two major types of nIOD,and the former accounts for over one third of all the nIOD events in the past six decades.These two types of nIODs are similar in their intensities,but are different in their spatial patterns and seasonal cycles.The early nIOD,which develops in spring and peaks in summer,is one season earlier than the La Niña-related nIOD.The spatial pattern of the wind anomaly associated with early nIOD exhibits a winter monsoon-like pattern,with strong westerly anomalies in the equatorial Indian Ocean and eastly anomalies in the northern Indian Ocean.Opposite to the triggering mechanism of early positve IOD,the early nIOD is induced by delayed Indian summer monsoon onset.The results of this study are helpful for improving the prediction skill of IOD and its climate impacts.展开更多
In this study,a pulsed,high voltage driven hollow-cathode electron beam sources through an optical trigger is designed with characteristics of simple structure,low cost,and easy triggering.To validate the new design,t...In this study,a pulsed,high voltage driven hollow-cathode electron beam sources through an optical trigger is designed with characteristics of simple structure,low cost,and easy triggering.To validate the new design,the characteristics of hollow-cathode discharge and electron beam characterization under pulsed high voltage drive are studied experimentally and discussed by discharge characteristics and analyses of waveform details,respectively.The validation experiments indicate that the pulsed high voltage supply significantly improves the frequency and stability of the discharge,which provides a new solution for the realization of a high-frequency,high-energy electron beam source.The peak current amplitude in the high-energy electron beam increases from 6.2 A to 79.6 A,which indicates the pulsed power mode significantly improves the electron beam performance.Besides,increasing the capacitance significantly affects the highcurrent,lower-energy electron beam more than the high-energy electron beam.展开更多
Mechanisms have been proposed to explain the triggering,development,and persistence of soil liquefaction.The mechanism explaining the horizontal failure plane(triggering)and its depth below the phreatic surface is gov...Mechanisms have been proposed to explain the triggering,development,and persistence of soil liquefaction.The mechanism explaining the horizontal failure plane(triggering)and its depth below the phreatic surface is governed by the flux properties and effective stress at that plane.At the failure plane,the pore water pressure was higher than the effective stress,and the volume change was the highest.The pore water pressure is a function of the soil profile features(particularly the phreatic zone width)and bedrock motion(horizontal acceleration).The volume change at the failure plane is a function of the intrinsic permeability of the soil and bedrock displacement.The failure plane was predicted to occur during the oscillation with the highest amplitude,disregarding further bedrock motion,which was consistent with low seismic energy densities.Two mechanisms were proposed to explain the persistence of soil liquefaction.The first is the existence of low-permeability layers in the depth range in which the failure planes are predicted to occur.The other allows for the persistence and development of soil liquefaction;it is consistent with homogeneous soils and requires water inflow from bedrock water springs.The latter explains many of the features of soil liquefaction observed during earthquakes,namely,surficial effects,“instant”liquefaction,and the occurrence of short-and long-term changes in the level of the phreatic surfaces.This model(hypothesis),the relationship between the flux characteristics and loss of soil shear strength,provides self-consistent constraints on the depth below the phreatic surfaces where the failure planes are observed(expected to occur).It requires further experimental and observational evidence.Similar reasoning can be used to explain other saturated soil phenomena.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter addresses the resilient model predictive control(MPC)problems for adaptive cruise control(ACC)systems under sensor attacks.In the light of vulnerabilities of ACC systems to sensor attacks,an in...Dear Editor,This letter addresses the resilient model predictive control(MPC)problems for adaptive cruise control(ACC)systems under sensor attacks.In the light of vulnerabilities of ACC systems to sensor attacks,an intrusion detection mechanism is proposed at the controller side to distinguish abnormal data.Then,the robust control gains are derived to design the terminal region constraint for MPC.展开更多
Earthquake prediction remains a challenging and difficult task for scientists all over the world.The tidal triggering of earthquakes is being proven by an increasing number of investigations,most of which have shown t...Earthquake prediction remains a challenging and difficult task for scientists all over the world.The tidal triggering of earthquakes is being proven by an increasing number of investigations,most of which have shown that earthquakes are positively correlated with tides,and thus,tides provide a potential tool for earthquake prediction,especially for imminent earthquakes.In this study,publications concerning the tidal triggering of earthquakes were compiled and analyzed with regard to global earthquakes,which were classified into three main types:tectonic,volcanic,and slow earthquakes.The results reveal a high correlation between tectonic earthquakes and tides(mainly for semidiurnal and diurnal tides;14-day tides) before and after the occurrence of significant earthquakes.For volcanic earthquakes,observations of volcanoes on the seafloor and land indicate that volcanic earthquakes in near-shore volcanic areas and mid-ocean ridges have a strong correlation with tidal forces,mostly those with semidiurnal and diurnal periods.For slow earthquakes,the periodicity of the tremor duration is highly correlated with semidiurnal and diurnal tides.In conclusion,the tidal triggering of these three types of earthquakes makes a positive contribution to earthquake preparation and understanding the triggering mechanism,and thus,the prediction of these types of earthquakes should be investigated.However,there are still several inadequacies on this topic that need to be resolved to gain a definitiveanswer regarding the tidal triggering of all earthquakes.The main inadequacies are discussed in this paper from our point of view.展开更多
Background: The trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor tendon, is a common cause of hand disability;This can result in significant limitations in certain daily living activities. It is pos...Background: The trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor tendon, is a common cause of hand disability;This can result in significant limitations in certain daily living activities. It is possible to treat this condition with conservative or surgical methods. Methods: This is a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. The source population consisted of all patients with a diagnosis of trigger finger who had been treated in the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery of our institution between 2020 and 2023. The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and characterize the clinical and surgical characteristics of the population affected by trigger finger in our hospital. Results: The total population was 237 patients, of which 165 were women (70%) and 72 men (30%). The most affected hand was the right hand, with a total of 158 patients (67%). In the right hand, the middle finger was the most affected (45%). Of the 237 patients, 80 of them had obesity (34%), 86 had type 2 diabetes mellitus (36%), 95 had systemic arterial hypertension (40%). Open technique was performed in 190 (80%) patients, while percutaneous technique was performed in 47 (20%) of them. Conclusion: The female sex was twice as frequent, and the middle finger and thumb were the most affected. Most of the patients received surgical treatment with open approach and percutaneous approach in 20% of them.展开更多
This paper investigates the correlation between tidal stress and earthquakes for periods ranging from hours to months in the limited zone of the Palu region(Central Sulawesi,Indonesia).Through Schuster and binomial te...This paper investigates the correlation between tidal stress and earthquakes for periods ranging from hours to months in the limited zone of the Palu region(Central Sulawesi,Indonesia).Through Schuster and binomial tests,we examined the relation between the seismicity(time density of seismic events)and tidal potential arising from the Moon and Sun,using all tidal components simultaneously and focusing on the estimation of specific terms.The results show significant correlations between the seismicity and tidal potential for S2(0.5 d)and O1(1.075 d)tidal components in the case of solely isolated earthquake events,particularly for shallow earthquakes.Meanwhile,there is a strong relationship between aftershocks and tidal components larger than the Mf period(13.661 d).Finally,the analysis of the temporal variation of the earthquake-tide relation reveals an optimal correlation for about six years before the 2018 great Palu earthquake.The correlation becomes insignificant afterwards.展开更多
Event prediction aims to predict the most possible following event given a chain of closely related context events.Previous methods based on event pairs or the entire event chain may ignore much structural and semanti...Event prediction aims to predict the most possible following event given a chain of closely related context events.Previous methods based on event pairs or the entire event chain may ignore much structural and semantic information.Current datasets for event prediction,naturally,can be used for supervised learning.Event chains are either from document-level procedural action flow,or from news sequences under the same column.This paper leverages graph structure knowledge of event triggers and event segment information for event prediction with general news corpus,and adopts the standard multiple choice narrative cloze task evaluation.The topic model is utilized to extract event chains from the news corpus to deal with training data bottleneck.Based on trigger-guided structural relations in the event chains,we construct trigger evolution graph,and trigger representations are learned through graph convolutional neural network and the novel neighbor selection strategy.Then there are features of two levels for each event,namely,text level semantic feature and trigger level structural feature.We design the attention mechanism to learn the features of event segments derived in term of event major subjects,and integrate relevance between event segments and the candidate event.The most possible next event is picked by the relevance.Experimental results on the real-world news corpus verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.展开更多
A novel structure of low-voltage trigger silicon-controlled rectifiers(LVTSCRs) with low trigger voltage and high holding voltage is proposed for electrostatic discharge(ESD) protection. The proposed ESD protection de...A novel structure of low-voltage trigger silicon-controlled rectifiers(LVTSCRs) with low trigger voltage and high holding voltage is proposed for electrostatic discharge(ESD) protection. The proposed ESD protection device possesses an ESD implant and a floating structure. This improvement enhances the current discharge capability of the gate-grounded NMOS and weakens the current gain of the silicon-controlled rectifier current path. According to the simulation results, the proposed device retains a low trigger voltage characteristic of LVTSCRs and simultaneously increases the holding voltage to 5.53 V, providing an effective way to meet the ESD protection requirement of the 5 V CMOS process.展开更多
Triggering,locking,clicking,and crepitus of the fingers are common symptoms patients present with.Even though crepitus and triggering can occur as part of the same underlying diagnosis,it is important to differentiate...Triggering,locking,clicking,and crepitus of the fingers are common symptoms patients present with.Even though crepitus and triggering can occur as part of the same underlying diagnosis,it is important to differentiate between them,as they usually indicate different possible diagnoses.The differential diagnoses that should be considered include trigger finger,metacarpophalangeal joint(MCPJ)arthritis,fractures or dislocations,extensor digitorum communis subluxation or dislocation,locked MCPJ,avascular necrosis of the metacarpal head,and Dupuytren’s disease.A thorough clinical examination with appropriate special investigations can permit the clinician to make the correct diagnosis.Appropriate management of a confirmed diagnosis is successful in providing symptomatic improvement.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC grants No.12172036,51774018)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIRT,IRT_17R06)+2 种基金the Russian Foundation for Basic Research,Grant Number 20‐55‐53032Russian State Task number 1021052706247‐7‐1.5.4the Government of Perm Krai,research project No.С‐26/628.
文摘Earthquakes triggered by dynamic disturbances have been confirmed by numerous observations and experiments.In the past several decades,earthquake triggering has attracted increasing attention of scholars in relation to exploring the mechanism of earthquake triggering,earthquake prediction,and the desire to use the mechanism of earthquake triggering to reduce,prevent,or trigger earthquakes.Natural earthquakes and large‐scale explosions are the most common sources of dynamic disturbances that trigger earthquakes.In the past several decades,some models have been developed,including static,dynamic,quasi‐static,and other models.Some reviews have been published,but explosiontriggered seismicity was not included.In recent years,some new results on earthquake triggering have emerged.Therefore,this paper presents a new review to reflect the new results and include the content of explosion‐triggered earthquakes for the reference of scholars in this area.Instead of a complete review of the relevant literature,this paper primarily focuses on the main aspects of dynamic earthquake triggering on a tectonic scale and makes some suggestions on issues that need to be resolved in this area in the future.
基金in part by the National Social Science Foundation of China under Grant 20BTQ058in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province under Grant 2023JJ50033。
文摘Federated learning is widely used to solve the problem of data decentralization and can provide privacy protectionfor data owners. However, since multiple participants are required in federated learning, this allows attackers tocompromise. Byzantine attacks pose great threats to federated learning. Byzantine attackers upload maliciouslycreated local models to the server to affect the prediction performance and training speed of the global model. Todefend against Byzantine attacks, we propose a Byzantine robust federated learning scheme based on backdoortriggers. In our scheme, backdoor triggers are embedded into benign data samples, and then malicious localmodels can be identified by the server according to its validation dataset. Furthermore, we calculate the adjustmentfactors of local models according to the parameters of their final layers, which are used to defend against datapoisoning-based Byzantine attacks. To further enhance the robustness of our scheme, each localmodel is weightedand aggregated according to the number of times it is identified as malicious. Relevant experimental data showthat our scheme is effective against Byzantine attacks in both independent identically distributed (IID) and nonindependentidentically distributed (non-IID) scenarios.
基金funded by the Youth Seismic Regime Tracking Project of CEA(2023010129)。
文摘The 2022 Honghe M_(S)5.0 seismic event is intriguing due to its occurrence in the south of the Red River Fault,an area historically lacking seismic activities greater than M_(S)5.0.To elucidate the seismogenic mechanism and scrutinize stress-triggered interactions,we calculated co-seismic and post-seismic Coulomb stress alterations induced by nine historical seismic events(M≥6.0).The analysis reveals that these substantial seismic events provoked co-seismic stress augmentations of 1.409 bar and postseismic stress increments of 0.159 bar.Noteworthy seismic events,such as the 1833 Songming,1877Shiping,1913 Eshan,and 1970 Tonghai earthquakes,catalyzed the occurrence of the Honghe earthquake.Areas of heightened future seismic risk include the southern region of the Red River Fault and the eastern segments of the Shiping-Jianshui and Qujiang faults.Additionally,we assessed the correlation between the spatial distribution of aftershocks and the Coulomb stress shift triggered by the mainshock,taking into account the influence of calculation parameter settings.
基金The Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China under contract No.2022S02the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41976021.
文摘Negative Indian Ocean Dipole(nIOD)can exert great impacts on global climate and can also strongly influence the climate in China.Early nIOD is a major type of nIOD,which can induce more pronounced climate anomalies in summer than La Niña-related nIOD.However,the characteristics and triggering mechanisms of early nIOD are unclear.Our results based on reanalysis datasets indicate that the early nIOD and La Niña-related nIOD are the two major types of nIOD,and the former accounts for over one third of all the nIOD events in the past six decades.These two types of nIODs are similar in their intensities,but are different in their spatial patterns and seasonal cycles.The early nIOD,which develops in spring and peaks in summer,is one season earlier than the La Niña-related nIOD.The spatial pattern of the wind anomaly associated with early nIOD exhibits a winter monsoon-like pattern,with strong westerly anomalies in the equatorial Indian Ocean and eastly anomalies in the northern Indian Ocean.Opposite to the triggering mechanism of early positve IOD,the early nIOD is induced by delayed Indian summer monsoon onset.The results of this study are helpful for improving the prediction skill of IOD and its climate impacts.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12102099)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2202700)the Outstanding Academic Leader Project of Shanghai(Youth)(No.23XD1421700),respectively。
文摘In this study,a pulsed,high voltage driven hollow-cathode electron beam sources through an optical trigger is designed with characteristics of simple structure,low cost,and easy triggering.To validate the new design,the characteristics of hollow-cathode discharge and electron beam characterization under pulsed high voltage drive are studied experimentally and discussed by discharge characteristics and analyses of waveform details,respectively.The validation experiments indicate that the pulsed high voltage supply significantly improves the frequency and stability of the discharge,which provides a new solution for the realization of a high-frequency,high-energy electron beam source.The peak current amplitude in the high-energy electron beam increases from 6.2 A to 79.6 A,which indicates the pulsed power mode significantly improves the electron beam performance.Besides,increasing the capacitance significantly affects the highcurrent,lower-energy electron beam more than the high-energy electron beam.
文摘Mechanisms have been proposed to explain the triggering,development,and persistence of soil liquefaction.The mechanism explaining the horizontal failure plane(triggering)and its depth below the phreatic surface is governed by the flux properties and effective stress at that plane.At the failure plane,the pore water pressure was higher than the effective stress,and the volume change was the highest.The pore water pressure is a function of the soil profile features(particularly the phreatic zone width)and bedrock motion(horizontal acceleration).The volume change at the failure plane is a function of the intrinsic permeability of the soil and bedrock displacement.The failure plane was predicted to occur during the oscillation with the highest amplitude,disregarding further bedrock motion,which was consistent with low seismic energy densities.Two mechanisms were proposed to explain the persistence of soil liquefaction.The first is the existence of low-permeability layers in the depth range in which the failure planes are predicted to occur.The other allows for the persistence and development of soil liquefaction;it is consistent with homogeneous soils and requires water inflow from bedrock water springs.The latter explains many of the features of soil liquefaction observed during earthquakes,namely,surficial effects,“instant”liquefaction,and the occurrence of short-and long-term changes in the level of the phreatic surfaces.This model(hypothesis),the relationship between the flux characteristics and loss of soil shear strength,provides self-consistent constraints on the depth below the phreatic surfaces where the failure planes are observed(expected to occur).It requires further experimental and observational evidence.Similar reasoning can be used to explain other saturated soil phenomena.
基金supported in part by A*STAR under its RIE2020 Advanced Manufacturing and Engineering(AME)Industry Alignment Fund-Pre Positioning(IAF-PP)(Award A19d6a0053)the Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A*STAR)(I2001E0067)+2 种基金the Schaeffler Hub for Advanced Research at NTUNational Natural Science Foundation of China(62203142)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710966,2022TQ 0096)。
文摘Dear Editor,This letter addresses the resilient model predictive control(MPC)problems for adaptive cruise control(ACC)systems under sensor attacks.In the light of vulnerabilities of ACC systems to sensor attacks,an intrusion detection mechanism is proposed at the controller side to distinguish abnormal data.Then,the robust control gains are derived to design the terminal region constraint for MPC.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB41 000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42174101, 41974023, 41874094, 41874026)。
文摘Earthquake prediction remains a challenging and difficult task for scientists all over the world.The tidal triggering of earthquakes is being proven by an increasing number of investigations,most of which have shown that earthquakes are positively correlated with tides,and thus,tides provide a potential tool for earthquake prediction,especially for imminent earthquakes.In this study,publications concerning the tidal triggering of earthquakes were compiled and analyzed with regard to global earthquakes,which were classified into three main types:tectonic,volcanic,and slow earthquakes.The results reveal a high correlation between tectonic earthquakes and tides(mainly for semidiurnal and diurnal tides;14-day tides) before and after the occurrence of significant earthquakes.For volcanic earthquakes,observations of volcanoes on the seafloor and land indicate that volcanic earthquakes in near-shore volcanic areas and mid-ocean ridges have a strong correlation with tidal forces,mostly those with semidiurnal and diurnal periods.For slow earthquakes,the periodicity of the tremor duration is highly correlated with semidiurnal and diurnal tides.In conclusion,the tidal triggering of these three types of earthquakes makes a positive contribution to earthquake preparation and understanding the triggering mechanism,and thus,the prediction of these types of earthquakes should be investigated.However,there are still several inadequacies on this topic that need to be resolved to gain a definitiveanswer regarding the tidal triggering of all earthquakes.The main inadequacies are discussed in this paper from our point of view.
文摘Background: The trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor tendon, is a common cause of hand disability;This can result in significant limitations in certain daily living activities. It is possible to treat this condition with conservative or surgical methods. Methods: This is a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. The source population consisted of all patients with a diagnosis of trigger finger who had been treated in the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery of our institution between 2020 and 2023. The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and characterize the clinical and surgical characteristics of the population affected by trigger finger in our hospital. Results: The total population was 237 patients, of which 165 were women (70%) and 72 men (30%). The most affected hand was the right hand, with a total of 158 patients (67%). In the right hand, the middle finger was the most affected (45%). Of the 237 patients, 80 of them had obesity (34%), 86 had type 2 diabetes mellitus (36%), 95 had systemic arterial hypertension (40%). Open technique was performed in 190 (80%) patients, while percutaneous technique was performed in 47 (20%) of them. Conclusion: The female sex was twice as frequent, and the middle finger and thumb were the most affected. Most of the patients received surgical treatment with open approach and percutaneous approach in 20% of them.
文摘This paper investigates the correlation between tidal stress and earthquakes for periods ranging from hours to months in the limited zone of the Palu region(Central Sulawesi,Indonesia).Through Schuster and binomial tests,we examined the relation between the seismicity(time density of seismic events)and tidal potential arising from the Moon and Sun,using all tidal components simultaneously and focusing on the estimation of specific terms.The results show significant correlations between the seismicity and tidal potential for S2(0.5 d)and O1(1.075 d)tidal components in the case of solely isolated earthquake events,particularly for shallow earthquakes.Meanwhile,there is a strong relationship between aftershocks and tidal components larger than the Mf period(13.661 d).Finally,the analysis of the temporal variation of the earthquake-tide relation reveals an optimal correlation for about six years before the 2018 great Palu earthquake.The correlation becomes insignificant afterwards.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71731002,71971190).
文摘Event prediction aims to predict the most possible following event given a chain of closely related context events.Previous methods based on event pairs or the entire event chain may ignore much structural and semantic information.Current datasets for event prediction,naturally,can be used for supervised learning.Event chains are either from document-level procedural action flow,or from news sequences under the same column.This paper leverages graph structure knowledge of event triggers and event segment information for event prediction with general news corpus,and adopts the standard multiple choice narrative cloze task evaluation.The topic model is utilized to extract event chains from the news corpus to deal with training data bottleneck.Based on trigger-guided structural relations in the event chains,we construct trigger evolution graph,and trigger representations are learned through graph convolutional neural network and the novel neighbor selection strategy.Then there are features of two levels for each event,namely,text level semantic feature and trigger level structural feature.We design the attention mechanism to learn the features of event segments derived in term of event major subjects,and integrate relevance between event segments and the candidate event.The most possible next event is picked by the relevance.Experimental results on the real-world news corpus verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61904110)。
文摘A novel structure of low-voltage trigger silicon-controlled rectifiers(LVTSCRs) with low trigger voltage and high holding voltage is proposed for electrostatic discharge(ESD) protection. The proposed ESD protection device possesses an ESD implant and a floating structure. This improvement enhances the current discharge capability of the gate-grounded NMOS and weakens the current gain of the silicon-controlled rectifier current path. According to the simulation results, the proposed device retains a low trigger voltage characteristic of LVTSCRs and simultaneously increases the holding voltage to 5.53 V, providing an effective way to meet the ESD protection requirement of the 5 V CMOS process.
文摘Triggering,locking,clicking,and crepitus of the fingers are common symptoms patients present with.Even though crepitus and triggering can occur as part of the same underlying diagnosis,it is important to differentiate between them,as they usually indicate different possible diagnoses.The differential diagnoses that should be considered include trigger finger,metacarpophalangeal joint(MCPJ)arthritis,fractures or dislocations,extensor digitorum communis subluxation or dislocation,locked MCPJ,avascular necrosis of the metacarpal head,and Dupuytren’s disease.A thorough clinical examination with appropriate special investigations can permit the clinician to make the correct diagnosis.Appropriate management of a confirmed diagnosis is successful in providing symptomatic improvement.
