To accelerate the practicality of electromagnetic railguns,it is necessary to use a combination of threedimensional numerical simulation and experiments to study the mechanism of bore damage.In this paper,a three-dime...To accelerate the practicality of electromagnetic railguns,it is necessary to use a combination of threedimensional numerical simulation and experiments to study the mechanism of bore damage.In this paper,a three-dimensional numerical model of the augmented railgun with four parallel unconventional rails is introduced to simulate the internal ballistic process and realize the multi-physics field coupling calculation of the rail gun,and a test experiment of a medium-caliber electromagnetic launcher powered by pulse formation network(PFN)is carried out.Various test methods such as spectrometer,fiber grating and high-speed camera are used to test several parameters such as muzzle initial velocity,transient magnetic field strength and stress-strain of rail.Combining the simulation results and experimental data,the damage condition of the contact surface is analyzed.展开更多
This paper analyzes the sources of heat losses in magnetic fluid bearings,proposes various cou-pling relationships of physical fields,divides the coupled heat transfer surfaces while ensuring the continuity of heat fl...This paper analyzes the sources of heat losses in magnetic fluid bearings,proposes various cou-pling relationships of physical fields,divides the coupled heat transfer surfaces while ensuring the continuity of heat flux density,and analyzes the overall heat dissipation pathways of the bearings.By changing parameters such as input current,rotor speed,and inlet oil flow rate,the study applies a multi-physics field coupling method to investigate the influence of different parameters on the temper-ature field and heat dissipation patterns of the bearings,which is then validated through experi-ments.This research provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design of magnetic fluid bearing sys-tems.展开更多
A transient multi-physics model incorporated with an electromagneto-thermomechanical coupling is developed to capture the multi-field behavior of a single-pancake(SP)insert no-insulation(NI)coil in a hybrid magnet dur...A transient multi-physics model incorporated with an electromagneto-thermomechanical coupling is developed to capture the multi-field behavior of a single-pancake(SP)insert no-insulation(NI)coil in a hybrid magnet during the charging and discharging processes.The coupled problem is resolved by means of the finite element method(FEM)for the magneto-thermo-elastic behaviors and the Runge-Kutta method for the transient responses of the electrical circuits of the hybrid superconducting magnet system.The results reveal that the transient multi-physics responses of the insert NI coil primarily depend on the charging/discharging procedure of the hybrid magnet.Moreover,a reverse azimuthal current and a compressive hoop stress are induced in the insert NI coil during the charging process,while a forward azimuthal current and a tensile hoop stress are observed during the discharging process.The induced voltages in the insert NI coil can drive the currents flowing across the radial turns where the contact resistance exists.Therefore,it brings forth significant Joule heat,causing a temperature rise and a uniform distribution of this heat in the coil turns.Accordingly,a thermally/mechanically unstable or quenching event may be encountered when a high operating current is flowing in the insert NI coil.It is numerically predicted that a quick charging will induce a compressive hoop stress which may bring a risk of buckling instability in the coil,while a discharging will not.The simulations provide an insight of hybrid superconducting magnets under transient start-up or shutdown phases which are inevitably encountered in practical applications.展开更多
Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)induction pumps are contactless pumps able to withstand harsh environments.The rate of fluid flow through the pump directly affects the efficiency and stability of the device.To explore the inf...Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)induction pumps are contactless pumps able to withstand harsh environments.The rate of fluid flow through the pump directly affects the efficiency and stability of the device.To explore the influence of induction pump settings on the related delivery speed,in this study,a numerical model for coupled electromagnetic and flow field effects is introduced and used to simulate liquid metal lithium flow in the induction pump.The effects of current intensity,frequency,coil turns and coil winding size on the velocity of the working fluid are analyzed.It is shown that the first three parameters have a significant impact,while changes in the coil turns have a negligible influence.The maximum increase in working fluid velocity within the pump for the parameter combination investigated in this paper is approximately 618%.As the frequency is increased from 20 to 60 Hz,the maximum increase in the mean flow rate of the working fluid is approximately 241%.These research findings are intended to support the design and optimization of these devices.展开更多
Based on the analyses of aluminum melt flow, solidification, heat transfer during the process of twin-roll casting, a coupling mathematical model of aluminum thin-gauge high-speed casting was developed, which included...Based on the analyses of aluminum melt flow, solidification, heat transfer during the process of twin-roll casting, a coupling mathematical model of aluminum thin-gauge high-speed casting was developed, which included the casting roller shell. At the same time, Galerkin method was adopted to solve the coupling model. The fluid field and temperature field of aluminum melt in casting zone, the temperature field and thermal stress field of roller shells were simulated by the coupling model. When the casting velocity is 7m/min, and the thickness of strip is 2mm, the circumfluent area comes into being in the casting zone, and the mushy zone dominates the casting zone, while the temperature of melt decreases rapidly as it approaches the rollers. The temperature of the roller shell varies periodically with the rotation of roller, and reaches the highest temperature in the casting zone, while the temperature of roller shell decreases gradually as it leaves the casting zone. The difference of thermal stress between the inner surface and outer surface of the roller shell is very large, and the outer surface suffers tensile-compressive stress.展开更多
The effects of spin-spin interaction on thermed entanglement of a two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ model with different inhomogeneous magnetic fields are investigated. It is shown that the entanglement is dependent on the spi...The effects of spin-spin interaction on thermed entanglement of a two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ model with different inhomogeneous magnetic fields are investigated. It is shown that the entanglement is dependent on the spin-spin interaction and the inhomogeneous magnetic fields. The larger the Ji （i-axis spin-spin interaction）, the higher critical value the Bi （i-axis uniform magnetic field） has. Moreover, in the weak-field regime, the larger Ji corresponds to more entanglement, while in the strong-field regime, different Ji correspond to the same entanglement. In addition, it is found that with the increase of Ji, the concurrence can approach the maximum value more rapidly for the smaller Bi, and can reach a larger value for the smaller bi （i-axis nonuniform magnetic field）. So we can get more entanglement by increasing the spin-spin interaction Ji, or by decreasing the uniform magnetic field Bi and the nonuniform magnetic field hi.展开更多
Based on turbulent theory, a 3D coupled model of fluid flow and solidification was built using finite difference method and used to study the influence of superheating degree and casting speed on fluid flow and solidi...Based on turbulent theory, a 3D coupled model of fluid flow and solidification was built using finite difference method and used to study the influence of superheating degree and casting speed on fluid flow and solidification, analyze the interaction between shell and molten steel, and compare the temperature distribution under different technological conditions. The results indicate that high superheating degree can lengthen the liquid-core depth and make the crack and breakout possible, so suitable superheating should be controlled within 35℃ according to the simulation results. Casting speed which is one of the most important technological parameters of improving production rate, should be controlled between 0. 85 m/min and 1.05 m/min and the caster has great potential in the improvement of blank quality.展开更多
A three-dimensional simulation model for the plasma-MIG welding process, which takes the interaction between the plasma arc and MIG arc into account, is presented and the quasi-steady temperature fields on the workpie...A three-dimensional simulation model for the plasma-MIG welding process, which takes the interaction between the plasma arc and MIG arc into account, is presented and the quasi-steady temperature fields on the workpiece are calculated with the model. The 10 mm-5A06 aluminum alloy is welded and the temperature fields are measured with the thermoelectric couple. The simulation results and measured results show that the biggest deviation of peak temperature between them is below 20 ℃, which indicates good coincidence between the simulation and measurement.展开更多
A comprehensive mathematical model has been developed to describe the interaction of the multiple physics fields during the conventional DC casting and LFEC (low frequency electromagnetic casting) process. The model i...A comprehensive mathematical model has been developed to describe the interaction of the multiple physics fields during the conventional DC casting and LFEC (low frequency electromagnetic casting) process. The model is based on a combination of the commercial finite element package ANSYS and the commercial finite volume package FLUENT, with the former for the calculation of the electromagnetic field and the latter for the calculation of the magnetic driven fluid flow, heat transfer and solidification. Moreover, the model has been verified against the temperature measurements obtained from two 7XXX aluminum alloy billets of 200mm diameter, cast during the conventional DC casting and the LFEC casting processes. In addition, a measurement of the sump shape of the billets were carried out by using addition melting metal of Al-30%Cu alloy into the billets during casting process. There was a good agreement between the calculated results and the measured results. Further, comparison of the calculated results during the LFEC process with that during the conventional DC casting process indicated that velocity patterns, temperature profiles and the sump depth are strongly modified by the application of a low frequency electromagnetic field during the DC casting.展开更多
Considering the complicated interactions between temperature,pressure and hydration reaction of cement,a coupled model of temperature and pressure based on hydration kinetics during deep-water well cementing was estab...Considering the complicated interactions between temperature,pressure and hydration reaction of cement,a coupled model of temperature and pressure based on hydration kinetics during deep-water well cementing was established.The differential method was used to do the coupled numerical calculation,and the calculation results were compared with experimental and field data to verify the accuracy of the model.When the interactions between temperature,pressure and hydration reaction are considered,the calculation accuracy of the model proposed is within 5.6%,which can meet the engineering requirements.A series of numerical simulation was conducted to find out the variation pattern of temperature,pressure and hydration degree during the cement curing.The research results show that cement temperature increases dramatically as a result of the heat of cement hydration.With the development of cement gel strength,the pore pressure of cement slurry decreases gradually to even lower than the formation pressure,causing gas channeling;the transient temperature and pressure have an impact on the rate of cement hydration reaction,so cement slurry in the deeper part of wellbore has a higher rate of hydration rate as a result of the high temperature and pressure.For well cementing in deep water regions,the low temperature around seabed would slow the rate of cement hydration and thus prolong the cementing cycle.展开更多
Particle coating is a very important step in many industrial production processes as the particle coating layers may fix surfaces with unique advantages. Given the limitation and disadvantages of the existing simulati...Particle coating is a very important step in many industrial production processes as the particle coating layers may fix surfaces with unique advantages. Given the limitation and disadvantages of the existing simulation methods, a coupled CFD–DEM–CVD multi-physical field model for particle-coating simulations has been established taking into account the velocity field, temperature field, concentration field, and deposition model. In this model, gas behavior and chemical reactions are simulated in the CFD frame based on the conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy. The particle behavior is simulated in the DEM frame based on the gas–solid interphase force model and contact force model. The deposition behavior is simulated in the CVD frame based on the particle movement–adhesion–deposition model. The coupled model can be implemented in Fluent-EDEM software with their user definition function and application programming interface. The particle coating process involving the pyrolysis of acetylene was investigated, and the effect of bed temperature and inlet gas velocity on deposition rate and coating efficiency were investigated based on the proposed model with adjustable deposition coefficients. Both the average deposition layer mass and the average deposition layer thickness were found to be proportional to the elapsed time and increased at the rate of about 1.05 × 10^-2 mg/s and 3.45 × 10^-4 mm/s, respectively, setting the inlet gas velocity to 11 m/s and bed temperature to 1680 K. A higher temperature and larger inlet gas velocity lead to a larger deposition rate, but the coating efficiency decreases because of limits imposed by the chemical reaction. At a bed temperature of 1280 K, the average deposition rate is 7.40 × 10?3 mg/s when the inlet gas velocity is set to 11 m/s, which is about double the deposition rate when the inlet gas velocity is set as 5 m/s. The proposed model can provide some guidance for the operating conditions and parameters design of the spouted bed in actual coating settings and can also be further developed as a basic model of mechanisms to integrate detailed information across multiple scales.展开更多
This study presents a new method to solve the difficult problem of precise machining a non-cylinder pinhole of a piston using embedded giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) in the component. We propose the finite elem...This study presents a new method to solve the difficult problem of precise machining a non-cylinder pinhole of a piston using embedded giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) in the component. We propose the finite element model of GMM smart component in electric, magnetic, and mechanical fields by step computation to optimize the design of GMM smart com-ponent. The proposed model is implemented by using COMSOL multi-physics V3.2a. The effects of the smart component on the deformation and the system resonance frequencies are studied. The results calculated by the model are in excellent agreement (relative errors are below 10%) with the experimental values.展开更多
This study systematically introduces the development of the world’s first full-link and full-system ground demonstration and verification system for the OMEGA space solar power satellite(SSPS).First,the OMEGA 2.0 inn...This study systematically introduces the development of the world’s first full-link and full-system ground demonstration and verification system for the OMEGA space solar power satellite(SSPS).First,the OMEGA 2.0 innovation design was proposed.Second,field-coupling theoretical models of sunlight concentration,photoelectric conversion,and transmitting antennas were established,and a systematic optimization design method was proposed.Third,a beam waveform optimization methodology considering both a high beam collection efficiency and a circular stepped beam shape was proposed.Fourth,a control strategy was developed to control the condenser pointing toward the sun while maintaining the transmitting antenna toward the rectenna.Fifth,a high-efficiency heat radiator design method based on bionics and topology optimization was proposed.Sixth,a method for improving the rectenna array’s reception,rectification,and direct current(DC)power synthesis efficiencies is presented.Seventh,high-precision measurement technology for high-accuracy beam-pointing control was developed.Eighth,a smart mechanical structure was designed and developed.Finally,the developed SSPS ground demonstration and verification system has the capacity for sun tracking,a high concentration ratio,photoelectric conversion,microwave conversion and emission,microwave reception,and rectification,and thus satisfactory results were obtained.展开更多
文摘To accelerate the practicality of electromagnetic railguns,it is necessary to use a combination of threedimensional numerical simulation and experiments to study the mechanism of bore damage.In this paper,a three-dimensional numerical model of the augmented railgun with four parallel unconventional rails is introduced to simulate the internal ballistic process and realize the multi-physics field coupling calculation of the rail gun,and a test experiment of a medium-caliber electromagnetic launcher powered by pulse formation network(PFN)is carried out.Various test methods such as spectrometer,fiber grating and high-speed camera are used to test several parameters such as muzzle initial velocity,transient magnetic field strength and stress-strain of rail.Combining the simulation results and experimental data,the damage condition of the contact surface is analyzed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52075468)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2020203052)+1 种基金the Key Scientific Research Projects of North China University of Technology(No.ZD-YG-202306-23)the Tangshan Science and Technology Project(No.23130201E).
文摘This paper analyzes the sources of heat losses in magnetic fluid bearings,proposes various cou-pling relationships of physical fields,divides the coupled heat transfer surfaces while ensuring the continuity of heat flux density,and analyzes the overall heat dissipation pathways of the bearings.By changing parameters such as input current,rotor speed,and inlet oil flow rate,the study applies a multi-physics field coupling method to investigate the influence of different parameters on the temper-ature field and heat dissipation patterns of the bearings,which is then validated through experi-ments.This research provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design of magnetic fluid bearing sys-tems.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11932008 and 11672120)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.lzujbky-2022-kb01)。
文摘A transient multi-physics model incorporated with an electromagneto-thermomechanical coupling is developed to capture the multi-field behavior of a single-pancake(SP)insert no-insulation(NI)coil in a hybrid magnet during the charging and discharging processes.The coupled problem is resolved by means of the finite element method(FEM)for the magneto-thermo-elastic behaviors and the Runge-Kutta method for the transient responses of the electrical circuits of the hybrid superconducting magnet system.The results reveal that the transient multi-physics responses of the insert NI coil primarily depend on the charging/discharging procedure of the hybrid magnet.Moreover,a reverse azimuthal current and a compressive hoop stress are induced in the insert NI coil during the charging process,while a forward azimuthal current and a tensile hoop stress are observed during the discharging process.The induced voltages in the insert NI coil can drive the currents flowing across the radial turns where the contact resistance exists.Therefore,it brings forth significant Joule heat,causing a temperature rise and a uniform distribution of this heat in the coil turns.Accordingly,a thermally/mechanically unstable or quenching event may be encountered when a high operating current is flowing in the insert NI coil.It is numerically predicted that a quick charging will induce a compressive hoop stress which may bring a risk of buckling instability in the coil,while a discharging will not.The simulations provide an insight of hybrid superconducting magnets under transient start-up or shutdown phases which are inevitably encountered in practical applications.
文摘Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)induction pumps are contactless pumps able to withstand harsh environments.The rate of fluid flow through the pump directly affects the efficiency and stability of the device.To explore the influence of induction pump settings on the related delivery speed,in this study,a numerical model for coupled electromagnetic and flow field effects is introduced and used to simulate liquid metal lithium flow in the induction pump.The effects of current intensity,frequency,coil turns and coil winding size on the velocity of the working fluid are analyzed.It is shown that the first three parameters have a significant impact,while changes in the coil turns have a negligible influence.The maximum increase in working fluid velocity within the pump for the parameter combination investigated in this paper is approximately 618%.As the frequency is increased from 20 to 60 Hz,the maximum increase in the mean flow rate of the working fluid is approximately 241%.These research findings are intended to support the design and optimization of these devices.
文摘Based on the analyses of aluminum melt flow, solidification, heat transfer during the process of twin-roll casting, a coupling mathematical model of aluminum thin-gauge high-speed casting was developed, which included the casting roller shell. At the same time, Galerkin method was adopted to solve the coupling model. The fluid field and temperature field of aluminum melt in casting zone, the temperature field and thermal stress field of roller shells were simulated by the coupling model. When the casting velocity is 7m/min, and the thickness of strip is 2mm, the circumfluent area comes into being in the casting zone, and the mushy zone dominates the casting zone, while the temperature of melt decreases rapidly as it approaches the rollers. The temperature of the roller shell varies periodically with the rotation of roller, and reaches the highest temperature in the casting zone, while the temperature of roller shell decreases gradually as it leaves the casting zone. The difference of thermal stress between the inner surface and outer surface of the roller shell is very large, and the outer surface suffers tensile-compressive stress.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10704001Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. 070412060+1 种基金the Major Program of the Education Department of Anhui Province under Grant No. KJ2010ZD08the Key Program of the Education Department of Anhui Province under Grant No. KJ2010A287
文摘The effects of spin-spin interaction on thermed entanglement of a two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ model with different inhomogeneous magnetic fields are investigated. It is shown that the entanglement is dependent on the spin-spin interaction and the inhomogeneous magnetic fields. The larger the Ji （i-axis spin-spin interaction）, the higher critical value the Bi （i-axis uniform magnetic field） has. Moreover, in the weak-field regime, the larger Ji corresponds to more entanglement, while in the strong-field regime, different Ji correspond to the same entanglement. In addition, it is found that with the increase of Ji, the concurrence can approach the maximum value more rapidly for the smaller Bi, and can reach a larger value for the smaller bi （i-axis nonuniform magnetic field）. So we can get more entanglement by increasing the spin-spin interaction Ji, or by decreasing the uniform magnetic field Bi and the nonuniform magnetic field hi.
文摘Based on turbulent theory, a 3D coupled model of fluid flow and solidification was built using finite difference method and used to study the influence of superheating degree and casting speed on fluid flow and solidification, analyze the interaction between shell and molten steel, and compare the temperature distribution under different technological conditions. The results indicate that high superheating degree can lengthen the liquid-core depth and make the crack and breakout possible, so suitable superheating should be controlled within 35℃ according to the simulation results. Casting speed which is one of the most important technological parameters of improving production rate, should be controlled between 0. 85 m/min and 1.05 m/min and the caster has great potential in the improvement of blank quality.
文摘A three-dimensional simulation model for the plasma-MIG welding process, which takes the interaction between the plasma arc and MIG arc into account, is presented and the quasi-steady temperature fields on the workpiece are calculated with the model. The 10 mm-5A06 aluminum alloy is welded and the temperature fields are measured with the thermoelectric couple. The simulation results and measured results show that the biggest deviation of peak temperature between them is below 20 ℃, which indicates good coincidence between the simulation and measurement.
文摘A comprehensive mathematical model has been developed to describe the interaction of the multiple physics fields during the conventional DC casting and LFEC (low frequency electromagnetic casting) process. The model is based on a combination of the commercial finite element package ANSYS and the commercial finite volume package FLUENT, with the former for the calculation of the electromagnetic field and the latter for the calculation of the magnetic driven fluid flow, heat transfer and solidification. Moreover, the model has been verified against the temperature measurements obtained from two 7XXX aluminum alloy billets of 200mm diameter, cast during the conventional DC casting and the LFEC casting processes. In addition, a measurement of the sump shape of the billets were carried out by using addition melting metal of Al-30%Cu alloy into the billets during casting process. There was a good agreement between the calculated results and the measured results. Further, comparison of the calculated results during the LFEC process with that during the conventional DC casting process indicated that velocity patterns, temperature profiles and the sump depth are strongly modified by the application of a low frequency electromagnetic field during the DC casting.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1762216)China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05028-001-03)
文摘Considering the complicated interactions between temperature,pressure and hydration reaction of cement,a coupled model of temperature and pressure based on hydration kinetics during deep-water well cementing was established.The differential method was used to do the coupled numerical calculation,and the calculation results were compared with experimental and field data to verify the accuracy of the model.When the interactions between temperature,pressure and hydration reaction are considered,the calculation accuracy of the model proposed is within 5.6%,which can meet the engineering requirements.A series of numerical simulation was conducted to find out the variation pattern of temperature,pressure and hydration degree during the cement curing.The research results show that cement temperature increases dramatically as a result of the heat of cement hydration.With the development of cement gel strength,the pore pressure of cement slurry decreases gradually to even lower than the formation pressure,causing gas channeling;the transient temperature and pressure have an impact on the rate of cement hydration reaction,so cement slurry in the deeper part of wellbore has a higher rate of hydration rate as a result of the high temperature and pressure.For well cementing in deep water regions,the low temperature around seabed would slow the rate of cement hydration and thus prolong the cementing cycle.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos: 91634113, 21306097) for the financial support provided.
文摘Particle coating is a very important step in many industrial production processes as the particle coating layers may fix surfaces with unique advantages. Given the limitation and disadvantages of the existing simulation methods, a coupled CFD–DEM–CVD multi-physical field model for particle-coating simulations has been established taking into account the velocity field, temperature field, concentration field, and deposition model. In this model, gas behavior and chemical reactions are simulated in the CFD frame based on the conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy. The particle behavior is simulated in the DEM frame based on the gas–solid interphase force model and contact force model. The deposition behavior is simulated in the CVD frame based on the particle movement–adhesion–deposition model. The coupled model can be implemented in Fluent-EDEM software with their user definition function and application programming interface. The particle coating process involving the pyrolysis of acetylene was investigated, and the effect of bed temperature and inlet gas velocity on deposition rate and coating efficiency were investigated based on the proposed model with adjustable deposition coefficients. Both the average deposition layer mass and the average deposition layer thickness were found to be proportional to the elapsed time and increased at the rate of about 1.05 × 10^-2 mg/s and 3.45 × 10^-4 mm/s, respectively, setting the inlet gas velocity to 11 m/s and bed temperature to 1680 K. A higher temperature and larger inlet gas velocity lead to a larger deposition rate, but the coating efficiency decreases because of limits imposed by the chemical reaction. At a bed temperature of 1280 K, the average deposition rate is 7.40 × 10?3 mg/s when the inlet gas velocity is set to 11 m/s, which is about double the deposition rate when the inlet gas velocity is set as 5 m/s. The proposed model can provide some guidance for the operating conditions and parameters design of the spouted bed in actual coating settings and can also be further developed as a basic model of mechanisms to integrate detailed information across multiple scales.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50575205)the Hi-Tech Research and Development (863) Program of China (Nos. 2006AA04Z233 and 2007AA04Z101)+1 种基金the Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No. 20070335204)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. Z1080537)
文摘This study presents a new method to solve the difficult problem of precise machining a non-cylinder pinhole of a piston using embedded giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) in the component. We propose the finite element model of GMM smart component in electric, magnetic, and mechanical fields by step computation to optimize the design of GMM smart com-ponent. The proposed model is implemented by using COMSOL multi-physics V3.2a. The effects of the smart component on the deformation and the system resonance frequencies are studied. The results calculated by the model are in excellent agreement (relative errors are below 10%) with the experimental values.
文摘This study systematically introduces the development of the world’s first full-link and full-system ground demonstration and verification system for the OMEGA space solar power satellite(SSPS).First,the OMEGA 2.0 innovation design was proposed.Second,field-coupling theoretical models of sunlight concentration,photoelectric conversion,and transmitting antennas were established,and a systematic optimization design method was proposed.Third,a beam waveform optimization methodology considering both a high beam collection efficiency and a circular stepped beam shape was proposed.Fourth,a control strategy was developed to control the condenser pointing toward the sun while maintaining the transmitting antenna toward the rectenna.Fifth,a high-efficiency heat radiator design method based on bionics and topology optimization was proposed.Sixth,a method for improving the rectenna array’s reception,rectification,and direct current(DC)power synthesis efficiencies is presented.Seventh,high-precision measurement technology for high-accuracy beam-pointing control was developed.Eighth,a smart mechanical structure was designed and developed.Finally,the developed SSPS ground demonstration and verification system has the capacity for sun tracking,a high concentration ratio,photoelectric conversion,microwave conversion and emission,microwave reception,and rectification,and thus satisfactory results were obtained.
