Emergencies of epistaxis in students caused by environmental pollution have rarely been reported to date. This study aimed to explore the cause of an emergency of epistaxis in elementary students by using a field epid...Emergencies of epistaxis in students caused by environmental pollution have rarely been reported to date. This study aimed to explore the cause of an emergency of epistaxis in elementary students by using a field epidemiological investigation. Twenty-two epistaxis cases from a single school with differences in gender, age, and classroom,were diagnosed within a period of 7 days. The air concentration of chromic acid mist （Cr6~） in the electroplating factory area, new campus, and residential area exceeded the limit of uncontrolled emissions. The emission of HCL and HzSO4was also observed. Formaldehyde levels in the classrooms exceeded the limits of indoor air quality. Abnormal nasal mucosa was significantly more frequent in the case group （93.3%） and control group 1 （of the same school） （66.7%） than in control group 2 （from a mountainous area with no industrial zone） （34.8%; P 〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.01, respectively）. On the basis of the pre-existing local nasal mucosal lesions, excessive chromic acid mist in the school＇s surrounding areas and formaldehyde in the classrooms were considered to have acutely irritated the nasal mucosa, causing epistaxis. Several lessons regarding factory site selection, eradication of chemical emissions, and indoor air quality in newly decorated classrooms, should be learned from this emergency.展开更多
The rapid increase in the proportion of cash crops and livestock production in the Yangtze River Basin has led to commensurate increases in fertilizer and pesticide inputs. Excessive application of chemical fertilizer...The rapid increase in the proportion of cash crops and livestock production in the Yangtze River Basin has led to commensurate increases in fertilizer and pesticide inputs. Excessive application of chemical fertilizer, organophosphorus pesticides and inappropriate disposal of agricultural waste induced water pollution and potentially threaten Agriculture Green Development(AGD). To ensure food security and the food supply capacity of the Yangtze River Basin, it is important to balance green and development, while ensuring the quality of water bodies. Multiple pollutants affect the transfer, adsorption, photolysis and degradation of each other throughout the soil-plant-water system. This paper considers the impact of multi-pollutants on the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles especially for crops, which are related to achieving food security and AGD. It presents prospective on theory, modeling and multi-pollutant control in the Yangtze River Basin for AGD that are of potential value for other developing regions.展开更多
Multiple pollutants including pathogenic microorganism contaminations and emerging organic contaminations(EOCs)have shown a growing threat to the environment,especially the natural waters.However,the control and remov...Multiple pollutants including pathogenic microorganism contaminations and emerging organic contaminations(EOCs)have shown a growing threat to the environment,especially the natural waters.However,the control and removal of pathogenic microorganism contaminations and EOCs have been greatly limited since limited knowledge of their environmental behaviors.Thus,a novel and efficient photocatalyst Ag_(2)O/BiOBr heterojunction was synthesized and used for removal of multiple pollutants including Escherichia coli(E.coli),Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),tetracycline and acetaminophen under visible light.The results showed that there were valid electron transfer pathways between BiOBr and Ag_(2)O,the main electron transfer direction was the BiOBr to Ag_(2)O.Photo-generated electrons were stored in Ag_(2)O and thus separation efficiency between holes and photo-generated electrons was obviously enhanced.Active oxygen species were highly produced and eventually end up with the high efficiency of removal of multiple pollutants.For Ag_(2)O/BiOBr with Ag_(2)O content at 3%(the best performance)under visible light,log decrease of E.coli was 7.16(removal efficiency was 100%)in 120 min,log decrease of S.aureus was 7.23(removal efficiency was 100%)in 160 min,C/C0 of tetracycline was 0.06 in 180 min,C/C0 of acetaminophen was 0.17 in 180 min.This work could provide a promising candidate in the actual contaminated natural waters for cleaning multiple pollutants.展开更多
Heavy metal （HM） is a major hazard to the soil-plant system. This study investigated the combined effects of cadium （Cd）, zinc （Zn） and lead （Pb） on activities of four enzymes in soil, including calatase, urea...Heavy metal （HM） is a major hazard to the soil-plant system. This study investigated the combined effects of cadium （Cd）, zinc （Zn） and lead （Pb） on activities of four enzymes in soil, including calatase, urease, invertase and alkalin phosphatase. HM content in tops of canola and four enzymes activities in soil were analyzed at two months after the metal additions to the soil. Pb was not significantly inhibitory than the other heavy metals for the four enzyme activities and was shown to have a protective role on calatase activity in the combined presence of Cd, Zn and Pb; whereas Cd significantly inhibited the four enzyme activities, and Zn only inhibited urease and calatase activities. The inhibiting effect of Cd and Zn on urease and calatase activities can be intensified significantly by the additions of Zn and Cd. There was a negative synergistic inhibitory effect of Cd and Zn on the two enzymes in the presence of Cd, Zn and Pb. The urease activity was inhibited more by the HM combinations than by the metals alone and reduced approximately 20%--40% of urease activity. The intertase and alkaline phosphatase activities significantly decreased only with the increase of Cd concentration in the soil. It was shown that urease was much more sensitive to HM than the other enzymes. There was a obvious negative correlation between the ionic impulsion of HM in soil, the ionic impulsion of HM in canola plants tops and urease activity. It is concluded that the soil urease activity may be a sensitive tool for assessing additive toxic combination effect on soil biochemical parameters.展开更多
Mercury emission has become a great environmental concern because of its high toxicity,bioaccumulation,and persistence.Adsorption is an effective method to remove Hg^(0)from coal-fired flue gas,with adsorbents playing...Mercury emission has become a great environmental concern because of its high toxicity,bioaccumulation,and persistence.Adsorption is an effective method to remove Hg^(0)from coal-fired flue gas,with adsorbents playing a dominant role.Extensive investigations have been conducted on the use of CuO-based materials for Hg^(0)removal,and some fruitful results have been obtained.In this review,we summarize advances in the application of CuO-based materials for Hg^(0)capture.Firstly,the fundamentals of CuO,including its crystal information and synthesis methods,are introduced.Then,the Hg^(0)removal capability of some typical CuO-based adsorbents is discussed.Considering that coal-fired flue gas also contains a certain amount of NO,SO_(2),H_(2)O,NH_(3),and HCl,the impacts of these species on adsorbent Hg^(0)removal efficiency are summarized next.By generalizing the mechanisms dominating the Hg^(0)removal process,the rate-determining step and the key intermediates can be discovered.Apart from Hg^(0),some other air pollutants,such as CO,NOx,and volatile organic compounds(VOCs),account for a certain portion of flue gas.In view of their similar abatement mechanisms,simultaneous removal of Hg^(0)and other air pollutants has become a hot topic in the environmental field.Considering the Hg^(0)re-emission phenomena in wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD),mercury capture performance under different conditions in this device is discussed.Finally,we conclude that new adsorbents suitable for long-term operation in coal-fired flue gas should be developed to realize the effective reduction of mercury emissions.展开更多
基金sponsored by Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-Level Innovative Health Talentsin part supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(81472961)the Co-constructed Projects by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China,and the Health Bureau of Zhejiang Province(No.WSK2014-2-004)
文摘Emergencies of epistaxis in students caused by environmental pollution have rarely been reported to date. This study aimed to explore the cause of an emergency of epistaxis in elementary students by using a field epidemiological investigation. Twenty-two epistaxis cases from a single school with differences in gender, age, and classroom,were diagnosed within a period of 7 days. The air concentration of chromic acid mist （Cr6~） in the electroplating factory area, new campus, and residential area exceeded the limit of uncontrolled emissions. The emission of HCL and HzSO4was also observed. Formaldehyde levels in the classrooms exceeded the limits of indoor air quality. Abnormal nasal mucosa was significantly more frequent in the case group （93.3%） and control group 1 （of the same school） （66.7%） than in control group 2 （from a mountainous area with no industrial zone） （34.8%; P 〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.01, respectively）. On the basis of the pre-existing local nasal mucosal lesions, excessive chromic acid mist in the school＇s surrounding areas and formaldehyde in the classrooms were considered to have acutely irritated the nasal mucosa, causing epistaxis. Several lessons regarding factory site selection, eradication of chemical emissions, and indoor air quality in newly decorated classrooms, should be learned from this emergency.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A2047 and 42107056)the Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)the State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land (Southwest University)。
文摘The rapid increase in the proportion of cash crops and livestock production in the Yangtze River Basin has led to commensurate increases in fertilizer and pesticide inputs. Excessive application of chemical fertilizer, organophosphorus pesticides and inappropriate disposal of agricultural waste induced water pollution and potentially threaten Agriculture Green Development(AGD). To ensure food security and the food supply capacity of the Yangtze River Basin, it is important to balance green and development, while ensuring the quality of water bodies. Multiple pollutants affect the transfer, adsorption, photolysis and degradation of each other throughout the soil-plant-water system. This paper considers the impact of multi-pollutants on the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles especially for crops, which are related to achieving food security and AGD. It presents prospective on theory, modeling and multi-pollutant control in the Yangtze River Basin for AGD that are of potential value for other developing regions.
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China as general projects(Nos.21722702 and 21677080)the Tianjin Commission of Science and Technology as Key Technologies R&D Projects(Nos.118YFZCSF00730,18YFZCSF00770 and 18ZXSZSF00230)。
文摘Multiple pollutants including pathogenic microorganism contaminations and emerging organic contaminations(EOCs)have shown a growing threat to the environment,especially the natural waters.However,the control and removal of pathogenic microorganism contaminations and EOCs have been greatly limited since limited knowledge of their environmental behaviors.Thus,a novel and efficient photocatalyst Ag_(2)O/BiOBr heterojunction was synthesized and used for removal of multiple pollutants including Escherichia coli(E.coli),Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),tetracycline and acetaminophen under visible light.The results showed that there were valid electron transfer pathways between BiOBr and Ag_(2)O,the main electron transfer direction was the BiOBr to Ag_(2)O.Photo-generated electrons were stored in Ag_(2)O and thus separation efficiency between holes and photo-generated electrons was obviously enhanced.Active oxygen species were highly produced and eventually end up with the high efficiency of removal of multiple pollutants.For Ag_(2)O/BiOBr with Ag_(2)O content at 3%(the best performance)under visible light,log decrease of E.coli was 7.16(removal efficiency was 100%)in 120 min,log decrease of S.aureus was 7.23(removal efficiency was 100%)in 160 min,C/C0 of tetracycline was 0.06 in 180 min,C/C0 of acetaminophen was 0.17 in 180 min.This work could provide a promising candidate in the actual contaminated natural waters for cleaning multiple pollutants.
基金The Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province in China
文摘Heavy metal （HM） is a major hazard to the soil-plant system. This study investigated the combined effects of cadium （Cd）, zinc （Zn） and lead （Pb） on activities of four enzymes in soil, including calatase, urease, invertase and alkalin phosphatase. HM content in tops of canola and four enzymes activities in soil were analyzed at two months after the metal additions to the soil. Pb was not significantly inhibitory than the other heavy metals for the four enzyme activities and was shown to have a protective role on calatase activity in the combined presence of Cd, Zn and Pb; whereas Cd significantly inhibited the four enzyme activities, and Zn only inhibited urease and calatase activities. The inhibiting effect of Cd and Zn on urease and calatase activities can be intensified significantly by the additions of Zn and Cd. There was a negative synergistic inhibitory effect of Cd and Zn on the two enzymes in the presence of Cd, Zn and Pb. The urease activity was inhibited more by the HM combinations than by the metals alone and reduced approximately 20%--40% of urease activity. The intertase and alkaline phosphatase activities significantly decreased only with the increase of Cd concentration in the soil. It was shown that urease was much more sensitive to HM than the other enzymes. There was a obvious negative correlation between the ionic impulsion of HM in soil, the ionic impulsion of HM in canola plants tops and urease activity. It is concluded that the soil urease activity may be a sensitive tool for assessing additive toxic combination effect on soil biochemical parameters.
基金This work is supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of China Jiliang Universitythe Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LQ22E060003 and LY22E040001).
文摘Mercury emission has become a great environmental concern because of its high toxicity,bioaccumulation,and persistence.Adsorption is an effective method to remove Hg^(0)from coal-fired flue gas,with adsorbents playing a dominant role.Extensive investigations have been conducted on the use of CuO-based materials for Hg^(0)removal,and some fruitful results have been obtained.In this review,we summarize advances in the application of CuO-based materials for Hg^(0)capture.Firstly,the fundamentals of CuO,including its crystal information and synthesis methods,are introduced.Then,the Hg^(0)removal capability of some typical CuO-based adsorbents is discussed.Considering that coal-fired flue gas also contains a certain amount of NO,SO_(2),H_(2)O,NH_(3),and HCl,the impacts of these species on adsorbent Hg^(0)removal efficiency are summarized next.By generalizing the mechanisms dominating the Hg^(0)removal process,the rate-determining step and the key intermediates can be discovered.Apart from Hg^(0),some other air pollutants,such as CO,NOx,and volatile organic compounds(VOCs),account for a certain portion of flue gas.In view of their similar abatement mechanisms,simultaneous removal of Hg^(0)and other air pollutants has become a hot topic in the environmental field.Considering the Hg^(0)re-emission phenomena in wet flue gas desulfurization(WFGD),mercury capture performance under different conditions in this device is discussed.Finally,we conclude that new adsorbents suitable for long-term operation in coal-fired flue gas should be developed to realize the effective reduction of mercury emissions.
