A workshop on National Plans of Action for Nutrition: Constraints, Key Elements for Success, and Future Plans was convened and organized by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in collaboration with the In...A workshop on National Plans of Action for Nutrition: Constraints, Key Elements for Success, and Future Plans was convened and organized by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in collaboration with the Institute for Medical Research Malaysia and co sponsored with FAO and UNICEF from 25—29 October 1999. It was attended by representatives of 25 countries in the region and resource persons, representatives from WHO and other international agencies. The objectives of the workshop were to review the progress of countries in developing, implementing and monitoring national plans of action for nutrition (NPANs) in the Western Pacific Region and to identify constraints and key elements of success in these efforts. Most of the countries have NPANs, either approved and implemented or awaiting official endorsement. The Plan formulation is usually multisectoral, involving several government ministries, non governmental organizations, and international agencies. Often official adoption or endorsement of the Plan comes from the head of state and cabinet or the minister of health, one to six years from the start of its formulation. The NPAN has stimulated support for the development and implementation of nutrition projects and activities, with comparatively greater involvement of and more support from government ministries, UN agencies and non-governmental agencies compared to local communities, bilateral and private sectors and research and academic institutions. Monitoring and evaluation are important components of NPANs. They are, however, not given high priority and often not built into the plan. The role of an intersectoral coordinating body is considered crucial to a country's nutrition program. Most countries have an intersectoral structure or coordinating body to ensure the proper implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The workshop identified the constraints and key elements of success in each of the four stages of the NPAN process: development, operationalization, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Constraints to the NPAN process relate to the political and socioeconomic environment, resource scarcity, control and management processes, and factors related to sustainability. The group's review of NPAN identified successful NPANs as those based on recent, adequate and good quality information on the nutritional situation of the country, and on the selection of strategies, priorities and interventions that are relevant to the country and backed up by adequate resources. Continued high level political commitment, a multisectoral approach, and adequate participation of local communities are other key elements for success. The participants agreed on future actions and support needed from various sources for the further development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The recommendations for future actions were categorized into actions pertaining to countries with working NPAN, actions for countries without working NPAN and actions relevant to all countries. There was also a set of suggested actions at the regional level, such as holding of regular regional NPAN evaluation meetings, inclusion of NPAN on the agenda of regional fora by the regional organizations, and strengthening of regional nutrition networks.展开更多
Introduction The realization of human rights in the broadest sense has been a long-cherished ideal of mankind and also a longpursued goal of the Chinese government and people.
Introduction The period from 2016 to 2020 is a decisive stage for China in the building of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way as well as a major stage for realizing the orderly,steady and sustainable ...Introduction The period from 2016 to 2020 is a decisive stage for China in the building of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way as well as a major stage for realizing the orderly,steady and sustainable development of human rights in China.展开更多
The formulation of the National Human Rights Action Plan is an impor- tant measure taken by theChinese government to ensure the implementation of the constitutional principle of respecting and safeguarding human right...The formulation of the National Human Rights Action Plan is an impor- tant measure taken by theChinese government to ensure the implementation of the constitutional principle of respecting and safeguarding human rights. It is of great significance to promoting scientific development and social harmony, and to achieving the great objective of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.展开更多
The China National Blue Bay Remediation Action Plan(NBBRAP)is a crucial step towards achieving the overall goal of building a maritime power and a beautiful ocean.This paper presents the resource-environment-economy(R...The China National Blue Bay Remediation Action Plan(NBBRAP)is a crucial step towards achieving the overall goal of building a maritime power and a beautiful ocean.This paper presents the resource-environment-economy(REE)composite system from the three-dimensional perspective of REE.Especially,through the coordination degree model of the composite system based on the order degree of subsystems,empirical analysis of the coordination degree of the REE composite system in a typical coastal city Qingdao from 2005 to 2016 was carried out.Results indicate that the degree of coordination and interactive coordination of the REE composite system in Qingdao were in a low-quality state.Qingdao's economy development depended largely on the expense of over-exploitation of resources and environmental degradation in 2013-2015.Government policy implementation was less persistent in 2009-2010 and 2011-2013.The immediate stimulating effect was significant,making the coordination degree of the REE composite system fluctuate in a volatile manner.Analysis of the coordination degree of the REE composite system has practical guiding significance for the successful implementation attainment of the NBBRAP target in Qingdao and is conducive to deepening the learning and promotion of this plan in other coastal cities.展开更多
Since ＂the state respects and protects human rights＂ was written into the Constitution in 2004, the Chinese government has issued many white papers during a short period of a few years and has included ＂respect and...Since ＂the state respects and protects human rights＂ was written into the Constitution in 2004, the Chinese government has issued many white papers during a short period of a few years and has included ＂respect and protect human rights＂ in the 11 th Five Year Plan of National Economic and Social Development.展开更多
At least 57 countries have formulated and implemented 78 national human rights action plans, and the international assessment of them has had direct influence on their international human rights images of their issuer...At least 57 countries have formulated and implemented 78 national human rights action plans, and the international assessment of them has had direct influence on their international human rights images of their issuers and the focuses of future planning According to related reports from the universal periodic review by the united nations Human rights Council, three categories of comments in a rough quantitative proportion of 1:4:2 have been made by the international community on these plans, which can be categorized as: Attention, Laudatory and expectation, representing objective attention, appreciation or encouragement and anticipation of further implementation or improvement, respectively In terms of regions, Asian countries have received the most Attention Comments, europe and Africa fewer, and America the least The marked achievements in the formulation and implementation of human rights action plans in China have attracted widespread attention and recognition, and further efforts should be made to implement steady and consistent human rights policies, improve the implementation mechanisms and integrate the external and internal functions of human rights action plans so as to promote the sustainable development of China’s human rights cause.展开更多
The Information Office of the State council issued the first National Human Rights Action Plan of China （NHRAP） （2009-2010） on April 13, 2009. The Nankai University participated in the drafting of this significant...The Information Office of the State council issued the first National Human Rights Action Plan of China （NHRAP） （2009-2010） on April 13, 2009. The Nankai University participated in the drafting of this significant national document on human rights, with three teachers invited one after another to work at the panel of experts under the drafting committee. In cooperation with the Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law （RWlHRHL） of Sweden, the Research Center for Human Rights under Law School of the university held an international seminar titled ＂Formulation and Implementation of NHRAP- Swedish Experience.＂展开更多
In April 2009, after receiving ap- proval from the State Council, the Information Office of the State Council published the NationalHuman Rights Action Plan of China （2009-2010）. It is China＇s first national plan o...In April 2009, after receiving ap- proval from the State Council, the Information Office of the State Council published the NationalHuman Rights Action Plan of China （2009-2010）. It is China＇s first national plan on the theme of human rights, and serves as a policy document of the current stage for advancing China＇s human rights in a comprehensive way. It is an important move to implement the constitutional principle of respect- ing and safeguarding human rights, and to promote sustainable development and social harmony. It is also a solemn commitment to the world made by the Chinese government on human rights.展开更多
Since the 1993 World Conference on human Rights, nine African countries have implemented ten human rights action plans. An analysis of the texts and related implementation of these plans reveals that there are four me...Since the 1993 World Conference on human Rights, nine African countries have implemented ten human rights action plans. An analysis of the texts and related implementation of these plans reveals that there are four mechanisms that play a key role in improving the effectiveness of the implementation of the national human Rights Action Plan, namely, the positioning and focusing mechanism for the country’s core human rights issues, the integration mechanism between the action plans and the countries’ development strategies, domestic economic growth and related resources utilization mechanism, and effective governance of domestic public conflicts and public order guarantee mechanism. defining and coordinating these mechanisms is of great practical significance for improving the effectiveness of human rights action plans in developing countries.展开更多
Based on a number of sector mitigation policies for domestic systems, this paper demonstrates how measurable, reportable and verifiable （MRV） mechanisms are applied at the sector level in China. At the same time, th...Based on a number of sector mitigation policies for domestic systems, this paper demonstrates how measurable, reportable and verifiable （MRV） mechanisms are applied at the sector level in China. At the same time, these mitigation policies and methods are diverse in terms of the MRV approach and their mitigation effects. These characters should be regulated as part of case foundation in the international construction of MRV.展开更多
I. Introduction 1. The children of today will run the families of the 21st century. Their survival, protection and development decide, for the most part, the quality of a people and lay the foundation of human progres...I. Introduction 1. The children of today will run the families of the 21st century. Their survival, protection and development decide, for the most part, the quality of a people and lay the foundation of human progress as a whole. The 1990 World Summit for Children endorsed the "World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children" and the "Plan of Action for Implementing the World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children in the 1990s," (hereinafter referred to as "Declaration" and "Plan of Action" for short), In March 1991, Premier Li Peng signed the two documents on behalf of the Chinese Government, making a solemn commitment to this major undertaking. 2. The wholesome development of children has a bearing upon the future of China. The Communist Party of China and the Chinese Government have always paid close attention to the survival,展开更多
China is severely impacted by desertification. Of its territory, 34,6% -- some 3.32 million km2 -- is classified as drylands （including arid, semi-arid and semi-humid arid areas）. Of the drylands, 2.62 million km2 m...China is severely impacted by desertification. Of its territory, 34,6% -- some 3.32 million km2 -- is classified as drylands （including arid, semi-arid and semi-humid arid areas）. Of the drylands, 2.62 million km2 meets the UNCCD definition of desertified land. These desertified lands spread across 18 provinces and account for 27.33% of the country＇s landmass. Over 400 million residents are affected, causing an annual direct economic loss exceed 64 billion CNY. China＇s desertification mitigation began in late 1950s. Through a number of high-profile programs ＂Three-North Shelterbelt Development Program＂, ＂National Program on Combating Desertification＂, ＂Sandification Control Program for Beijing and Tianjin Vicinity＂, and ＂Croplands to Forests or Grasslands Program＂ launched between 1978 and 2000, the Government of China has poured on average 0.024% of the country＇s annual GDP into desertiflcation mitigation and, as a result, some 20% of desertified lands have been brought under control. Approximately 50×104 km2 of the existing desertified lands are considered restorable given current technology. When the potential desertification increments induced by global warming are taken into account, total desertifled area within planning horizon is projected to range from 55×104 to 100×104 km2. With the approximate restoration rate of 1.5×104-2.2×104 km2 y-1, China＇s anti-desertification battle is expected to last 45-70 years. The current strategic plans set restoration targets at 22×104 km2 by 2015, with an additional 33×104 km2 by 2030, and the fnal 45×104 km2 of the 100×104 km2 restored by 2050. Through examining state investment in mitigation and current rehabilitation strategies, the paper recommends： （i） boardening the previous sectoral perspective to a multi-stakeholder approach; （ii） setting priority zones within the restorable area, and establishing National Special Eco-Zones; （iii） steering state investment from government investment in tree plantations to acquisition of planted/greened areas; and （iv） introducing preferential policies in favor of sandy land restoration, including extending land tenures to 70 years and compensating for ecological services.展开更多
文摘A workshop on National Plans of Action for Nutrition: Constraints, Key Elements for Success, and Future Plans was convened and organized by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in collaboration with the Institute for Medical Research Malaysia and co sponsored with FAO and UNICEF from 25—29 October 1999. It was attended by representatives of 25 countries in the region and resource persons, representatives from WHO and other international agencies. The objectives of the workshop were to review the progress of countries in developing, implementing and monitoring national plans of action for nutrition (NPANs) in the Western Pacific Region and to identify constraints and key elements of success in these efforts. Most of the countries have NPANs, either approved and implemented or awaiting official endorsement. The Plan formulation is usually multisectoral, involving several government ministries, non governmental organizations, and international agencies. Often official adoption or endorsement of the Plan comes from the head of state and cabinet or the minister of health, one to six years from the start of its formulation. The NPAN has stimulated support for the development and implementation of nutrition projects and activities, with comparatively greater involvement of and more support from government ministries, UN agencies and non-governmental agencies compared to local communities, bilateral and private sectors and research and academic institutions. Monitoring and evaluation are important components of NPANs. They are, however, not given high priority and often not built into the plan. The role of an intersectoral coordinating body is considered crucial to a country's nutrition program. Most countries have an intersectoral structure or coordinating body to ensure the proper implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The workshop identified the constraints and key elements of success in each of the four stages of the NPAN process: development, operationalization, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation. Constraints to the NPAN process relate to the political and socioeconomic environment, resource scarcity, control and management processes, and factors related to sustainability. The group's review of NPAN identified successful NPANs as those based on recent, adequate and good quality information on the nutritional situation of the country, and on the selection of strategies, priorities and interventions that are relevant to the country and backed up by adequate resources. Continued high level political commitment, a multisectoral approach, and adequate participation of local communities are other key elements for success. The participants agreed on future actions and support needed from various sources for the further development, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of their NPANs. The recommendations for future actions were categorized into actions pertaining to countries with working NPAN, actions for countries without working NPAN and actions relevant to all countries. There was also a set of suggested actions at the regional level, such as holding of regular regional NPAN evaluation meetings, inclusion of NPAN on the agenda of regional fora by the regional organizations, and strengthening of regional nutrition networks.
文摘Introduction The realization of human rights in the broadest sense has been a long-cherished ideal of mankind and also a longpursued goal of the Chinese government and people.
文摘Introduction The period from 2016 to 2020 is a decisive stage for China in the building of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way as well as a major stage for realizing the orderly,steady and sustainable development of human rights in China.
文摘The formulation of the National Human Rights Action Plan is an impor- tant measure taken by theChinese government to ensure the implementation of the constitutional principle of respecting and safeguarding human rights. It is of great significance to promoting scientific development and social harmony, and to achieving the great objective of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71974176,71473233)the National Social Science Foundation of China(Nos.18VSJ067,14ZDB151)。
文摘The China National Blue Bay Remediation Action Plan(NBBRAP)is a crucial step towards achieving the overall goal of building a maritime power and a beautiful ocean.This paper presents the resource-environment-economy(REE)composite system from the three-dimensional perspective of REE.Especially,through the coordination degree model of the composite system based on the order degree of subsystems,empirical analysis of the coordination degree of the REE composite system in a typical coastal city Qingdao from 2005 to 2016 was carried out.Results indicate that the degree of coordination and interactive coordination of the REE composite system in Qingdao were in a low-quality state.Qingdao's economy development depended largely on the expense of over-exploitation of resources and environmental degradation in 2013-2015.Government policy implementation was less persistent in 2009-2010 and 2011-2013.The immediate stimulating effect was significant,making the coordination degree of the REE composite system fluctuate in a volatile manner.Analysis of the coordination degree of the REE composite system has practical guiding significance for the successful implementation attainment of the NBBRAP target in Qingdao and is conducive to deepening the learning and promotion of this plan in other coastal cities.
文摘Since ＂the state respects and protects human rights＂ was written into the Constitution in 2004, the Chinese government has issued many white papers during a short period of a few years and has included ＂respect and protect human rights＂ in the 11 th Five Year Plan of National Economic and Social Development.
基金a phased achievement of the major project“A Comparative Study of National Human Rights Action Plans of Different Countries(Project No.13JJD820022)of the National Human Rights Education and Training Basethe sub-project“New Developments of the Theory and Practice in Socialist Human Rights with Chinese Characteristics since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China under the Marxist theory research and construction project“Research on Several Major Basic Theories of Human Rights
文摘At least 57 countries have formulated and implemented 78 national human rights action plans, and the international assessment of them has had direct influence on their international human rights images of their issuers and the focuses of future planning According to related reports from the universal periodic review by the united nations Human rights Council, three categories of comments in a rough quantitative proportion of 1:4:2 have been made by the international community on these plans, which can be categorized as: Attention, Laudatory and expectation, representing objective attention, appreciation or encouragement and anticipation of further implementation or improvement, respectively In terms of regions, Asian countries have received the most Attention Comments, europe and Africa fewer, and America the least The marked achievements in the formulation and implementation of human rights action plans in China have attracted widespread attention and recognition, and further efforts should be made to implement steady and consistent human rights policies, improve the implementation mechanisms and integrate the external and internal functions of human rights action plans so as to promote the sustainable development of China’s human rights cause.
文摘The Information Office of the State council issued the first National Human Rights Action Plan of China （NHRAP） （2009-2010） on April 13, 2009. The Nankai University participated in the drafting of this significant national document on human rights, with three teachers invited one after another to work at the panel of experts under the drafting committee. In cooperation with the Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law （RWlHRHL） of Sweden, the Research Center for Human Rights under Law School of the university held an international seminar titled ＂Formulation and Implementation of NHRAP- Swedish Experience.＂
文摘In April 2009, after receiving ap- proval from the State Council, the Information Office of the State Council published the NationalHuman Rights Action Plan of China （2009-2010）. It is China＇s first national plan on the theme of human rights, and serves as a policy document of the current stage for advancing China＇s human rights in a comprehensive way. It is an important move to implement the constitutional principle of respect- ing and safeguarding human rights, and to promote sustainable development and social harmony. It is also a solemn commitment to the world made by the Chinese government on human rights.
基金a phased outcome of the National Human Rights Educationand Training base Major project “Comparative Study of National Human Rights Action plans”(project No.13JJd820022)
文摘Since the 1993 World Conference on human Rights, nine African countries have implemented ten human rights action plans. An analysis of the texts and related implementation of these plans reveals that there are four mechanisms that play a key role in improving the effectiveness of the implementation of the national human Rights Action Plan, namely, the positioning and focusing mechanism for the country’s core human rights issues, the integration mechanism between the action plans and the countries’ development strategies, domestic economic growth and related resources utilization mechanism, and effective governance of domestic public conflicts and public order guarantee mechanism. defining and coordinating these mechanisms is of great practical significance for improving the effectiveness of human rights action plans in developing countries.
基金Ministry of Science and Technology 11th Technology Supporting Key Project 2007BAC03A03-04Ministry of Science and Technology project 2010CB955302
文摘Based on a number of sector mitigation policies for domestic systems, this paper demonstrates how measurable, reportable and verifiable （MRV） mechanisms are applied at the sector level in China. At the same time, these mitigation policies and methods are diverse in terms of the MRV approach and their mitigation effects. These characters should be regulated as part of case foundation in the international construction of MRV.
文摘I. Introduction 1. The children of today will run the families of the 21st century. Their survival, protection and development decide, for the most part, the quality of a people and lay the foundation of human progress as a whole. The 1990 World Summit for Children endorsed the "World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children" and the "Plan of Action for Implementing the World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children in the 1990s," (hereinafter referred to as "Declaration" and "Plan of Action" for short), In March 1991, Premier Li Peng signed the two documents on behalf of the Chinese Government, making a solemn commitment to this major undertaking. 2. The wholesome development of children has a bearing upon the future of China. The Communist Party of China and the Chinese Government have always paid close attention to the survival,
基金supported by State Forestry Administration "Public Welfare Research Foundation" (No.201004010)"948 Program"(No.2008-4-47)
文摘China is severely impacted by desertification. Of its territory, 34,6% -- some 3.32 million km2 -- is classified as drylands （including arid, semi-arid and semi-humid arid areas）. Of the drylands, 2.62 million km2 meets the UNCCD definition of desertified land. These desertified lands spread across 18 provinces and account for 27.33% of the country＇s landmass. Over 400 million residents are affected, causing an annual direct economic loss exceed 64 billion CNY. China＇s desertification mitigation began in late 1950s. Through a number of high-profile programs ＂Three-North Shelterbelt Development Program＂, ＂National Program on Combating Desertification＂, ＂Sandification Control Program for Beijing and Tianjin Vicinity＂, and ＂Croplands to Forests or Grasslands Program＂ launched between 1978 and 2000, the Government of China has poured on average 0.024% of the country＇s annual GDP into desertiflcation mitigation and, as a result, some 20% of desertified lands have been brought under control. Approximately 50×104 km2 of the existing desertified lands are considered restorable given current technology. When the potential desertification increments induced by global warming are taken into account, total desertifled area within planning horizon is projected to range from 55×104 to 100×104 km2. With the approximate restoration rate of 1.5×104-2.2×104 km2 y-1, China＇s anti-desertification battle is expected to last 45-70 years. The current strategic plans set restoration targets at 22×104 km2 by 2015, with an additional 33×104 km2 by 2030, and the fnal 45×104 km2 of the 100×104 km2 restored by 2050. Through examining state investment in mitigation and current rehabilitation strategies, the paper recommends： （i） boardening the previous sectoral perspective to a multi-stakeholder approach; （ii） setting priority zones within the restorable area, and establishing National Special Eco-Zones; （iii） steering state investment from government investment in tree plantations to acquisition of planted/greened areas; and （iv） introducing preferential policies in favor of sandy land restoration, including extending land tenures to 70 years and compensating for ecological services.
