To reveal origins of 316 state authorized varieties from 1984 to 2013, rules of their parentsJ selection including types and hybrid configurations of direct parents, geo-graphical sources and types of their a...To reveal origins of 316 state authorized varieties from 1984 to 2013, rules of their parentsJ selection including types and hybrid configurations of direct parents, geo-graphical sources and types of their ancestors were analyzed. Various important direct parents and ancestors were summarized and nuclear contribution of ancestors was also estimated by pedigree analysis. Among 316 registered cultivars, 298 （94.3%） were bred by hybridization, and most of their direct parents were cultivars or breeding lines （65.5%）. Cultivars and breeding lines were mostly used as female parents, with 53.0% and 38.7% respectively. The 316 released cultivars were traced to 373 final ancestors, mainly com-posed of landraces （55.5%） and breeding lines （36.7%）. The 373 final ancestors came from different regions, including 121 from northern area, 110 from Huang-Huai-Hai area, 53 from southern area and 76 from abroad. These ancestors were mainly from the same ecologic zone as the approved cultivars. Newly approved cultivars always have more ancestors and a broader genetic base. However, distribution of these ancestors was unbalanced, and a few ancestors provided significant genetic contributions to later generations, such as the most concentrated final ancestors from Huang-Huai-Hai region followed by northern and southern regions. These results offer more information regarding their important parents and provide valuable references to soybean breeding. We should increase soybean germplasm exchanges with different regions and make use of elite lines, foreign cultivars and wild soybean germplasm to broaden the genetic background.展开更多
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of P.R. China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 220 national standards and publicize now.……
GB 2712-2003
The Hygienic Standard of Fermented Bean Products
This standard stipulates the specification, food additives, hygienic requirements of production and processing, packaging, marking, storage and transportat...GB 2712-2003
The Hygienic Standard of Fermented Bean Products
This standard stipulates the specification, food additives, hygienic requirements of production and processing, packaging, marking, storage and transportation requirements and inspection methods for fermented bean products. It applies to fermented bean products such as fermented bean curd, fermented soya beans and fermented beans made from soya beans and other beans.展开更多
General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 163 national standards and 81 national reference materials.
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of P.R. China and Standardization Administration of China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 314 national s...General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of P.R. China and Standardization Administration of China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 314 national standards.展开更多
The standard stipulates the Index requirements for canned edible fungi andthe hygienic requirements and inspection methods of food additives and production processe. Thestandard applies to canned food made with edible...The standard stipulates the Index requirements for canned edible fungi andthe hygienic requirements and inspection methods of food additives and production processe. Thestandard applies to canned food made with edible fungi as raw material through deaeration, sealing,heat sterilization and cooling, etc. The standard specifies sensory requirements in that thecontainer observed under natural light should be sealed, without damage, leakage or budding. Thecontainer shall have the normal color and smell of canned edible fungi, without abnormal smell orimpurities展开更多
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of P.R. China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 114 national standards and publicize now.……
General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 121 national standards and 34 reference materials publicize ...General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 121 national standards and 34 reference materials publicize now.展开更多
General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R. China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 3 national standards and publicize now.
基金In this study, a large number of nationally approved varieties were provided by National Extension and Ser-vice Center of Agricultural Technology. The collection of parental information and cultivar pedigree required significant guidance and help from breeders. Given the limited space, we sincerely thank everyone here. This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation （grant No. 31401410）.
文摘To reveal origins of 316 state authorized varieties from 1984 to 2013, rules of their parentsJ selection including types and hybrid configurations of direct parents, geo-graphical sources and types of their ancestors were analyzed. Various important direct parents and ancestors were summarized and nuclear contribution of ancestors was also estimated by pedigree analysis. Among 316 registered cultivars, 298 （94.3%） were bred by hybridization, and most of their direct parents were cultivars or breeding lines （65.5%）. Cultivars and breeding lines were mostly used as female parents, with 53.0% and 38.7% respectively. The 316 released cultivars were traced to 373 final ancestors, mainly com-posed of landraces （55.5%） and breeding lines （36.7%）. The 373 final ancestors came from different regions, including 121 from northern area, 110 from Huang-Huai-Hai area, 53 from southern area and 76 from abroad. These ancestors were mainly from the same ecologic zone as the approved cultivars. Newly approved cultivars always have more ancestors and a broader genetic base. However, distribution of these ancestors was unbalanced, and a few ancestors provided significant genetic contributions to later generations, such as the most concentrated final ancestors from Huang-Huai-Hai region followed by northern and southern regions. These results offer more information regarding their important parents and provide valuable references to soybean breeding. We should increase soybean germplasm exchanges with different regions and make use of elite lines, foreign cultivars and wild soybean germplasm to broaden the genetic background.
文摘 General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of P.R. China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 220 national standards and publicize now.……
文摘GB 2712-2003
The Hygienic Standard of Fermented Bean Products
This standard stipulates the specification, food additives, hygienic requirements of production and processing, packaging, marking, storage and transportation requirements and inspection methods for fermented bean products. It applies to fermented bean products such as fermented bean curd, fermented soya beans and fermented beans made from soya beans and other beans.
文摘General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 163 national standards and 81 national reference materials.
文摘General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of P.R. China and Standardization Administration of China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 314 national standards.
文摘The standard stipulates the Index requirements for canned edible fungi andthe hygienic requirements and inspection methods of food additives and production processe. Thestandard applies to canned food made with edible fungi as raw material through deaeration, sealing,heat sterilization and cooling, etc. The standard specifies sensory requirements in that thecontainer observed under natural light should be sealed, without damage, leakage or budding. Thecontainer shall have the normal color and smell of canned edible fungi, without abnormal smell orimpurities
文摘 General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of P.R. China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 114 national standards and publicize now.……
文摘General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R.China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 121 national standards and 34 reference materials publicize now.
文摘General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of P.R. China and Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 3 national standards and publicize now.
