[ Objective ] The paper was to establish the near isogenic lines of Huangzaosi maize with resistance against maize head smut, and to provide basis for its wide application in breeding and production. [Method] Combing ...[ Objective ] The paper was to establish the near isogenic lines of Huangzaosi maize with resistance against maize head smut, and to provide basis for its wide application in breeding and production. [Method] Combing with hybrid, backcress and self-cross method, as well as molecular markers, Huangzaosi maize was successfully introduced with head smut resistance, and its near isogenic lines were studied. The characteristics of resistant and susceptible variation and the changes of combining ability of near isogenic lines after backcrossing breeding were observed. [ Result ] The incidence rate of Huangzansi maize in control was 46% ; the incidence rates of the selected 24 near isogenic lines of resistant Huangzaosi were all lower than 10%, and the selected rate was 92.6% ; the combining ability of most near isogenic lines of resistant Huangzaosi maize had no significant difference with that of H^i maize in control; the yields of hybrids prepared by several inbred lines such as M135 and M140 were outstanding, which exceeded the control Zhengdan 958, showing a higher combining ability. [ Conclusion] The phenotype and combining ability of near isngenic lines of Huangzaosi maize with resistance against maize head smut obtained in the test were very close to Huan- gzaosi, and its resistance against maize head smut was greatly increased, thus solving the problems of Huangzaesi without resistance against maize head smut.展开更多
As a short-day plant species, maize requires an optimal photoperiod for inducing reproductive growth. However, there is a lack of information regarding photoperiod-induced changes in maize mRNA and protein levels. In ...As a short-day plant species, maize requires an optimal photoperiod for inducing reproductive growth. However, there is a lack of information regarding photoperiod-induced changes in maize mRNA and protein levels. In this study, a photoperiod-insensitive maize inbred line and its near isogenic photoperiod-sensitive line were used. By integrating RNAbased transcriptomic and iTRAQ LC-MS/MS-based proteomic approaches, we generated a comprehensive inventory of the transcripts and proteins with altered abundances in response to a long photoperiod(LP) during growth stage transitions. We detected 22 000 transcripts in RNA-sequence runs and 5 259 proteins from an iTRAQ-based analysis. A weak correlation between mRNA-and protein-level changes was observed, suggesting the LP-induced transition between maize growth stages is largely regulated post-transcriptionally. Differentially expressed genes influenced by LP conditions were associated with several regulatory processes in both maize inbred lines, especially phosphate ion transport and the circadian rhythm. Additionally, 31 transcripts and six proteins related to photoperiodic flowering in maize were identified by comparing transcriptomic and proteomic data. This transcriptomic and proteomic analysis represents the first comprehensive and comparative study of gene/protein-level changes occurring in photoperiod-sensitive and-insensitive maize inbred lines during growth stage transitions under LP conditions.展开更多
The inheritance of purple pericarp was studied through genetic analysis using F2, BC1F1 and F3 from a cross between a purple pericarp rice variety Zixiangnuo and a white pericarp rice variety Chunjiangnuo 2. Seven pai...The inheritance of purple pericarp was studied through genetic analysis using F2, BC1F1 and F3 from a cross between a purple pericarp rice variety Zixiangnuo and a white pericarp rice variety Chunjiangnuo 2. Seven pairs of near isogenic lines （NILs） for pericarp color of rice were further constructed. Genetic analysis indicated that the purple pericarp was controlled by two complementary genes （Pb and Pp）. Agronomic trait analysis and polymorphism analysis using SSR markers on these seven pairs of NILs were used in the evaluation of near-isogenicity. No significant differences in agronomic traits were found except 1000-grain weight between the NILs. The polymorphic SSR markers for the parents were only detected in target segments of the five pairs of NILs different in Pb, which revealed the ideal near isogenicity of them. However, for the two pairs of NILs different in Pp, the polymorphic markers for the two parents were detected as well as in non-targeted segments of chromosomes 11 and 12, respectively.展开更多
Pruning is time-consuming and laborious in watermelon cultivation,which can not meet the needs for simplified cultivation in the future.The development of branchless lines will provide important germplasms for breedin...Pruning is time-consuming and laborious in watermelon cultivation,which can not meet the needs for simplified cultivation in the future.The development of branchless lines will provide important germplasms for breeding watermelon varieties and is an important method for genetic improvement.In this study,the watermelon accession,Wu Cha Zao(WCZ)is a branchless inbred line that carries the branchless gene Clbl,which was used as the donor parent to develop branchless near isogenic lines(NILs).To construct the NILs of Clbl,WCZ crossed with the normal branching watermelon inbred line WT20 which was used as the recurrent parent.The co-segregating markers dCAPS10 and Indel1 with Clbl were used for foreground selection,and a total of 108 SSR markers was selected with good polymorphism between two parental lines for background selection which had relatively uniform distribution across 11 chromosomes.Using these markers to select individuals from the BC_(1)F_(1),BC_(2)F_(1),and BC_(2)F_(2) generations,three NILs with a proportion of recurrent parent genome(PRPG)>99%were finally obtained.The lateral branch and plant height phenotypes did not significantly differ between the NILs and WCZ,indicating that the NILs of Clbl under the genetic background of WT20 has been successfully developed.These results provide ideal materials for further in-depth analysis of the genetic mechanisms of lateral branch development and ideal plant architecture breeding in watermelon.展开更多
Three residual heterozygous lines (RHLs) carrying heterozygous segments in the intervals RM587–RM225, RM204–RM6119 and RM6119–RM402 on the short arm of rice chromosome 6, respectively, were selected from a rice pop...Three residual heterozygous lines (RHLs) carrying heterozygous segments in the intervals RM587–RM225, RM204–RM6119 and RM6119–RM402 on the short arm of rice chromosome 6, respectively, were selected from a rice population derived from an RHL for the interval RM587–RM402. Ten maternal homozygotes, 10 paternal homozygotes and 20 heterozygotes were selected from each of the F2 populations derived from the three RHLs. The three sets of near isogenic lines (NILs) were grown to detect the grain yield per plant, number of panicles per plant, number of filled grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight. With analysis on the phenotypic differences among the three genotype groups in each NIL set and those among overlapping chromosome segment substitution lines, three QTLs for number of filled grains per panicle and two QTLs for grain yield per plant were resolved. They were located in the intervals ranging from 0.66 Mb to 2.49 Mb. The additive effect was higher than the dominance effect at each locus. The allele for increasing the trait value was derived from the paternal parent at qNFGP6-1, and from the maternal alleles at other QTLs. Based on the present study, an approach for constructing new genetic resource to facilitate fine mapping of QTLs in rice was proposed.展开更多
The present investigation was undertaken to find molecular markers linked to leaf rust resistance genes, Lr9 and Kharchia local mutant KLM4-3B. Preliminary AFLP analysis was carried out with different stocks, a survey...The present investigation was undertaken to find molecular markers linked to leaf rust resistance genes, Lr9 and Kharchia local mutant KLM4-3B. Preliminary AFLP analysis was carried out with different stocks, a survey of primer combinations with different selective nucleotide indicated that for each primer combination, the number of scorable loci ranged from 34 to 123. Only a limited primer combination used in the set of parental and near isogenic lines showed a high level of polymorphism for AFLP marker. Putative AFLP marker were found to be linked to Lr9, Lr19 and KLM4-3B. The alien genes were readily identified.展开更多
High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits（HMW-GSs） play a critical role in determining the viscoelastic properties of wheat dough. The HMW-GSs are encoded by Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci on the long arms of chromos...High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits（HMW-GSs） play a critical role in determining the viscoelastic properties of wheat dough. The HMW-GSs are encoded by Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci on the long arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D, respectively. In the present study, four near-isogenic lines with different HMW-GS deletions and compositions at the Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 loci in Yangmai 18 background were used for quality analysis. Deletion in Glu-D1 showed much weaker gluten quality and dough strength than null Glu-A1 genotype and wild genotype（WT）, based on the measurements of sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS）-sedimentation, lactic acid solvent retention capacity（SRC）, gluten index, development time, stability time, and alveograph P and L values. The deletion of Glu-D1 did not significantly affect grain hardness, grain protein content, water SRC, sodium carbonate SRC, and sucrose SRC. Double null genotype in Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 and single null genotype in Glu-D1 showed significantly higher cookie diameter, crispness, and lower cookie height compared with single null genotype in Glu-A1 and WT. These indicate that the null Glu-D1 genotype is useful for improvement of biscuit quality, and use of this germplasm would be a viable strategy to develop new wheat varieties for biscuit processing.展开更多
Genetic analysis showed that cold tolerance at booting stage of near-isogenic lines （NILs） of Kunmingxiaobaigu was controlled by a gene with large phenotypic variance. One hundred and sixty-four simple sequence repe...Genetic analysis showed that cold tolerance at booting stage of near-isogenic lines （NILs） of Kunmingxiaobaigu was controlled by a gene with large phenotypic variance. One hundred and sixty-four simple sequence repeats （SSR） distributed over 12 chromosomes were used to screen polymorphism between Towata （recurrent parent, RP） and near-isogenic line pool （NILP）, and two SSR markers at the long arm of chromosome 5 showed polymorphism in comparison with RP genome. Of the two markers, RM31 was found possibly linked with the cold tolerance gene at booting stage through one-way ANOVA. Twelve SSR markers around RM31 were then used to detect polymorphism between RP and NIL, and only RM7452 had polymorphism. The gene of cold tolerance at booting stage was further mapped on chromosome 5 between RM7452 and RM31 with genetic distances of 4.8 cM and 8.0 cM, respectively. This gene explained 10.50% of phenotypic variance and 5.10% of phenotypic variance of fully filled grains, and was tentatively designated as Ctb（t）.展开更多
Roll-leaf-1 （rl-1） and spot-leaf-1 （spl-1） were two near-isogenic lines, which were obtained after 3 to 4 backcrosses with early season indica rice Zhefu 802 as recurrent parent. Henna macro-lesions, referred as p...Roll-leaf-1 （rl-1） and spot-leaf-1 （spl-1） were two near-isogenic lines, which were obtained after 3 to 4 backcrosses with early season indica rice Zhefu 802 as recurrent parent. Henna macro-lesions, referred as physiological or morphological markers, began to appear on leaves at 4.5- to 6.0-leaf stage. The rice seedlings were inoculated at 3.5-, 5.0- and 7.0-leaf stages with high pathogenic races Zhong A1 and Zhong B1 of Magnaporthe grisea, respectively. The resistance of rl-1, spl-1 and Zhefu 802 against blast was significantly different. The seedlings of Zhefu 802 at 3.5- to 7.0-leaf stage were susceptible to races Zhong A1 and Zhong B1 of M. grisea, whereas those of rl-1 and spl-1 at 3.5-, 5.0- and 7.0-leaf stages were susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant, respectively. These results suggested that the enhanced resistance of rl-1 and spl-1 related to the appearance of their morphological marker lesions. The experiment provided a basis for studying lesion mimic and hypersensitive response in association with disease resistance.展开更多
Sixty-five random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers were used for the detection of polymorphism among recipient and donor parents and their isogenic lines linked to leaf rust resistance genes, Lr9 and the resis...Sixty-five random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers were used for the detection of polymorphism among recipient and donor parents and their isogenic lines linked to leaf rust resistance genes, Lr9 and the resistant gene in kharchia local mutant KLM4-3B. Three primers showed polymorphism among recurrent parent, donor parent and isogenic lines.展开更多
A total of 28 accessions of rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasms were collected from International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippine and Gene Pool of China National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI). These germpla...A total of 28 accessions of rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasms were collected from International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippine and Gene Pool of China National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI). These germplasms were attributed as a Donor Gene Pool, consisting of 27 diverse morphological marker lines with each having a unique valuable trait (gene), and the recurrent parent-Zhefu 802, an early-season indica cultivar in south of China in the 1980s and 1990s. A set of 27 isogenic lines with 2-3 markers on every chromosome were obtained after more than 10 successive backcrosses. Moreover, 15 accessions of double-marker isogenic lines were developed by further pyramiding markers on the same chromosome. Key agronomic traits such as heading date, plant height, tillering number and panicle length in this set of lines were similar to that of Zhefu 802 except the marker traits.展开更多
Mapping and isolation of quantitative trait loci(QTLs)or genes controlling grain size or weight is very important to uncover the molecular mechanisms of seed development and crop breeding.To identify the QTLs controll...Mapping and isolation of quantitative trait loci(QTLs)or genes controlling grain size or weight is very important to uncover the molecular mechanisms of seed development and crop breeding.To identify the QTLs controlling grain size and weight,we developed a near isogenic line F_2(NIL-F_2)population,which was derived from a residual heterozygous plant in an F_7 generation of recombinant inbred line(RIL).With the completion of more than 30×whole genome re-sequencing of the parents,two DNA bulks for large and small grains,a total of 58.94 Gb clean nucleotide data were generated.A total of455 262 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)between the parents were identified to perform bulked QTL-seq.A candidate genomic region containing SNPs strongly associated with grain length and weight was identified from 15 to 20 Mb on chromosome 5.We designated the major QTL in the candidate region as q TGW5.3.Then,q TGW5.3 was further validated with PCR-based conventional QTL mapping method through developing simple sequence repeat and Insertion/Deletion markers in the F_2 population.Furthermore,recombinants and the progeny tests delimited the candidate region of q TGW5.3 to 1.13 Mb,flanked by HX5009(15.15 Mb)and HX5003(16.28 Mb).A set of NILs,selected from the F_2 population,was developed to evaluate the genetic effect of q TGW5.3.Significant QTL effects were detected on grain length,grain width and 1000-grain weight of H12-29 allele with 1.14 mm,-0.11 mm and 3.11 g,which explained 99.64%,95.51%and 97.32%of the phenotypic variations,respectively.展开更多
To determine the genetic differences between high molecular weigh glutenin subunits （HMW-GS） null and 1. HMW-GS 1 was introduced into Longfumai 3 （N, 7＋8, 5＋10） by 5 consecutive backcrosses with biochemical mark...To determine the genetic differences between high molecular weigh glutenin subunits （HMW-GS） null and 1. HMW-GS 1 was introduced into Longfumai 3 （N, 7＋8, 5＋10） by 5 consecutive backcrosses with biochemical marker assisted selection. The near isogenic lines （NILs） of HMW-GS null and 1 were obtained and planted in the experimental field of Crop Breeding Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science in 2004 and 2005. The field experiments were designed using the method of two-line contrast arrangement with four replicates. The result of two years experiment showed that the statistic differences of quality parameters between Longfumai 3 with subunit 1 and with null were not significant in flour protein content, dry gluten content, and water absorption. However the gluten index,＇ Zeleny sedimentation, the ratio of sedimentation/dry gluten, the development time, stability, and the breakdown time in the NIL with 1 subunit were increased by 5.8% （P〈0.01）, 9.3% （P〈0.01）, 8.6% （P=0.01）, 127.3% （P〈0.01）, 79.2% （P〈0.01）, and 53.6% （P〈0.01）, and the ratio of wet gluten/dry gluten and the degree of softening were decreased by 1.7% （P = 0.05） and 16.5% （P = 0.13）, respectively. The impact of the HMW-GS 1 on the gluten strength was highly positive in NILs containing HMW-GS 5 ＋ 10, suggesting that HMW-GS 1 can be an indispensable subunit for breeding strong gluten wheat.展开更多
Three different chlorophyll-deficient rice isogenic lines chl,fgl and pgl,and their recurrent parent zhefu802 （zf802） were used to study effects of leaf color on photosynthesis,dry matter accumulation,yield,and qual...Three different chlorophyll-deficient rice isogenic lines chl,fgl and pgl,and their recurrent parent zhefu802 （zf802） were used to study effects of leaf color on photosynthesis,dry matter accumulation,yield,and quality in early season indica rice.Analysis showed that the chlorophyll （Chl.） a/b ratio of isogenic lines chl-8,pgl and fgl was 5.35,10.00 and 15.46,respectively,among them,line fgl had higher leaf area index （LAI）,higher net photosynthetic rate and higher grain-filling rate than its recurrent parent zf802 at the later period of grain filling stage;while LAI,net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulated in lines chl-8 and pgl were lower than in zf802.Differences were found in the grain yield and quality among chlorophyll deficient isogenic lines,lines fgl,chl-8 and zf802 had similar grain yield,which was significantly higher than that of pgl;the highest milling quality was observed in isogenic line fgl,with relatively high protein content.This study showed that isogenic line fgl would become a unique material for the development of high yield rice with high grain quality because of its slow aging process and relative steady grain-filling rate.展开更多
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to establish the near isogenic lines of Huangzaosi maize with resistance against maize head smut, and to provide basis for its wide application in breeding and production. [Method] Combing with hybrid, backcress and self-cross method, as well as molecular markers, Huangzaosi maize was successfully introduced with head smut resistance, and its near isogenic lines were studied. The characteristics of resistant and susceptible variation and the changes of combining ability of near isogenic lines after backcrossing breeding were observed. [ Result ] The incidence rate of Huangzansi maize in control was 46% ; the incidence rates of the selected 24 near isogenic lines of resistant Huangzaosi were all lower than 10%, and the selected rate was 92.6% ; the combining ability of most near isogenic lines of resistant Huangzaosi maize had no significant difference with that of H^i maize in control; the yields of hybrids prepared by several inbred lines such as M135 and M140 were outstanding, which exceeded the control Zhengdan 958, showing a higher combining ability. [ Conclusion] The phenotype and combining ability of near isngenic lines of Huangzaosi maize with resistance against maize head smut obtained in the test were very close to Huan- gzaosi, and its resistance against maize head smut was greatly increased, thus solving the problems of Huangzaesi without resistance against maize head smut.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province, China (161100110500)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101205-3)the Basic and Frontier Project of Henan Province, China (142300413218)
文摘As a short-day plant species, maize requires an optimal photoperiod for inducing reproductive growth. However, there is a lack of information regarding photoperiod-induced changes in maize mRNA and protein levels. In this study, a photoperiod-insensitive maize inbred line and its near isogenic photoperiod-sensitive line were used. By integrating RNAbased transcriptomic and iTRAQ LC-MS/MS-based proteomic approaches, we generated a comprehensive inventory of the transcripts and proteins with altered abundances in response to a long photoperiod(LP) during growth stage transitions. We detected 22 000 transcripts in RNA-sequence runs and 5 259 proteins from an iTRAQ-based analysis. A weak correlation between mRNA-and protein-level changes was observed, suggesting the LP-induced transition between maize growth stages is largely regulated post-transcriptionally. Differentially expressed genes influenced by LP conditions were associated with several regulatory processes in both maize inbred lines, especially phosphate ion transport and the circadian rhythm. Additionally, 31 transcripts and six proteins related to photoperiodic flowering in maize were identified by comparing transcriptomic and proteomic data. This transcriptomic and proteomic analysis represents the first comprehensive and comparative study of gene/protein-level changes occurring in photoperiod-sensitive and-insensitive maize inbred lines during growth stage transitions under LP conditions.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Progress of China (Grant No. 20006AA10Z1B5)Specialized Research Fund for the Major Science & Technology of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. 2006C12091)
文摘The inheritance of purple pericarp was studied through genetic analysis using F2, BC1F1 and F3 from a cross between a purple pericarp rice variety Zixiangnuo and a white pericarp rice variety Chunjiangnuo 2. Seven pairs of near isogenic lines （NILs） for pericarp color of rice were further constructed. Genetic analysis indicated that the purple pericarp was controlled by two complementary genes （Pb and Pp）. Agronomic trait analysis and polymorphism analysis using SSR markers on these seven pairs of NILs were used in the evaluation of near-isogenicity. No significant differences in agronomic traits were found except 1000-grain weight between the NILs. The polymorphic SSR markers for the parents were only detected in target segments of the five pairs of NILs different in Pb, which revealed the ideal near isogenicity of them. However, for the two pairs of NILs different in Pp, the polymorphic markers for the two parents were detected as well as in non-targeted segments of chromosomes 11 and 12, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32102389,32172602,32172574)the Funding of Joint Research on Agricultural Varietie Improvement of Henan Province(Grant No.2022010503)+4 种基金the Zhongyuan Youth Talent Support Program(Grant No.ZYQR201912161)the Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(Grant No.21HASTIT038)the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(Grant No.202102110045)the Major Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(Grant No.221100110400)the Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Henan Agricultural University(Grant No.KJCX2021A14).
文摘Pruning is time-consuming and laborious in watermelon cultivation,which can not meet the needs for simplified cultivation in the future.The development of branchless lines will provide important germplasms for breeding watermelon varieties and is an important method for genetic improvement.In this study,the watermelon accession,Wu Cha Zao(WCZ)is a branchless inbred line that carries the branchless gene Clbl,which was used as the donor parent to develop branchless near isogenic lines(NILs).To construct the NILs of Clbl,WCZ crossed with the normal branching watermelon inbred line WT20 which was used as the recurrent parent.The co-segregating markers dCAPS10 and Indel1 with Clbl were used for foreground selection,and a total of 108 SSR markers was selected with good polymorphism between two parental lines for background selection which had relatively uniform distribution across 11 chromosomes.Using these markers to select individuals from the BC_(1)F_(1),BC_(2)F_(1),and BC_(2)F_(2) generations,three NILs with a proportion of recurrent parent genome(PRPG)>99%were finally obtained.The lateral branch and plant height phenotypes did not significantly differ between the NILs and WCZ,indicating that the NILs of Clbl under the genetic background of WT20 has been successfully developed.These results provide ideal materials for further in-depth analysis of the genetic mechanisms of lateral branch development and ideal plant architecture breeding in watermelon.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA10Z1E8)the Super Rice Program of Ministry of Agriculture, China (Grant No. 200606)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. Y304446).
文摘Three residual heterozygous lines (RHLs) carrying heterozygous segments in the intervals RM587–RM225, RM204–RM6119 and RM6119–RM402 on the short arm of rice chromosome 6, respectively, were selected from a rice population derived from an RHL for the interval RM587–RM402. Ten maternal homozygotes, 10 paternal homozygotes and 20 heterozygotes were selected from each of the F2 populations derived from the three RHLs. The three sets of near isogenic lines (NILs) were grown to detect the grain yield per plant, number of panicles per plant, number of filled grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight. With analysis on the phenotypic differences among the three genotype groups in each NIL set and those among overlapping chromosome segment substitution lines, three QTLs for number of filled grains per panicle and two QTLs for grain yield per plant were resolved. They were located in the intervals ranging from 0.66 Mb to 2.49 Mb. The additive effect was higher than the dominance effect at each locus. The allele for increasing the trait value was derived from the paternal parent at qNFGP6-1, and from the maternal alleles at other QTLs. Based on the present study, an approach for constructing new genetic resource to facilitate fine mapping of QTLs in rice was proposed.
文摘The present investigation was undertaken to find molecular markers linked to leaf rust resistance genes, Lr9 and Kharchia local mutant KLM4-3B. Preliminary AFLP analysis was carried out with different stocks, a survey of primer combinations with different selective nucleotide indicated that for each primer combination, the number of scorable loci ranged from 34 to 123. Only a limited primer combination used in the set of parental and near isogenic lines showed a high level of polymorphism for AFLP marker. Putative AFLP marker were found to be linked to Lr9, Lr19 and KLM4-3B. The alien genes were readily identified.
基金supported by the Independent Innovation Funding for Agricultural Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province, China (CX(13)5070)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (BK20160448)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-03)
文摘High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits（HMW-GSs） play a critical role in determining the viscoelastic properties of wheat dough. The HMW-GSs are encoded by Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 loci on the long arms of chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D, respectively. In the present study, four near-isogenic lines with different HMW-GS deletions and compositions at the Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 loci in Yangmai 18 background were used for quality analysis. Deletion in Glu-D1 showed much weaker gluten quality and dough strength than null Glu-A1 genotype and wild genotype（WT）, based on the measurements of sodium dodecyl sulfate（SDS）-sedimentation, lactic acid solvent retention capacity（SRC）, gluten index, development time, stability time, and alveograph P and L values. The deletion of Glu-D1 did not significantly affect grain hardness, grain protein content, water SRC, sodium carbonate SRC, and sucrose SRC. Double null genotype in Glu-A1 and Glu-D1 and single null genotype in Glu-D1 showed significantly higher cookie diameter, crispness, and lower cookie height compared with single null genotype in Glu-A1 and WT. These indicate that the null Glu-D1 genotype is useful for improvement of biscuit quality, and use of this germplasm would be a viable strategy to develop new wheat varieties for biscuit processing.
基金supportedby China National Natural Science Foundation(30160043,30260060) the Natural ScienceFoundation of Yunnan Province(2004CO010Z).
文摘Genetic analysis showed that cold tolerance at booting stage of near-isogenic lines （NILs） of Kunmingxiaobaigu was controlled by a gene with large phenotypic variance. One hundred and sixty-four simple sequence repeats （SSR） distributed over 12 chromosomes were used to screen polymorphism between Towata （recurrent parent, RP） and near-isogenic line pool （NILP）, and two SSR markers at the long arm of chromosome 5 showed polymorphism in comparison with RP genome. Of the two markers, RM31 was found possibly linked with the cold tolerance gene at booting stage through one-way ANOVA. Twelve SSR markers around RM31 were then used to detect polymorphism between RP and NIL, and only RM7452 had polymorphism. The gene of cold tolerance at booting stage was further mapped on chromosome 5 between RM7452 and RM31 with genetic distances of 4.8 cM and 8.0 cM, respectively. This gene explained 10.50% of phenotypic variance and 5.10% of phenotypic variance of fully filled grains, and was tentatively designated as Ctb（t）.
文摘Roll-leaf-1 （rl-1） and spot-leaf-1 （spl-1） were two near-isogenic lines, which were obtained after 3 to 4 backcrosses with early season indica rice Zhefu 802 as recurrent parent. Henna macro-lesions, referred as physiological or morphological markers, began to appear on leaves at 4.5- to 6.0-leaf stage. The rice seedlings were inoculated at 3.5-, 5.0- and 7.0-leaf stages with high pathogenic races Zhong A1 and Zhong B1 of Magnaporthe grisea, respectively. The resistance of rl-1, spl-1 and Zhefu 802 against blast was significantly different. The seedlings of Zhefu 802 at 3.5- to 7.0-leaf stage were susceptible to races Zhong A1 and Zhong B1 of M. grisea, whereas those of rl-1 and spl-1 at 3.5-, 5.0- and 7.0-leaf stages were susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant, respectively. These results suggested that the enhanced resistance of rl-1 and spl-1 related to the appearance of their morphological marker lesions. The experiment provided a basis for studying lesion mimic and hypersensitive response in association with disease resistance.
文摘Sixty-five random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers were used for the detection of polymorphism among recipient and donor parents and their isogenic lines linked to leaf rust resistance genes, Lr9 and the resistant gene in kharchia local mutant KLM4-3B. Three primers showed polymorphism among recurrent parent, donor parent and isogenic lines.
文摘A total of 28 accessions of rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasms were collected from International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippine and Gene Pool of China National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI). These germplasms were attributed as a Donor Gene Pool, consisting of 27 diverse morphological marker lines with each having a unique valuable trait (gene), and the recurrent parent-Zhefu 802, an early-season indica cultivar in south of China in the 1980s and 1990s. A set of 27 isogenic lines with 2-3 markers on every chromosome were obtained after more than 10 successive backcrosses. Moreover, 15 accessions of double-marker isogenic lines were developed by further pyramiding markers on the same chromosome. Key agronomic traits such as heading date, plant height, tillering number and panicle length in this set of lines were similar to that of Zhefu 802 except the marker traits.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31371605)Chinese High-Yielding Transgenic Program(Grant No.2016ZX08001-004)
文摘Mapping and isolation of quantitative trait loci(QTLs)or genes controlling grain size or weight is very important to uncover the molecular mechanisms of seed development and crop breeding.To identify the QTLs controlling grain size and weight,we developed a near isogenic line F_2(NIL-F_2)population,which was derived from a residual heterozygous plant in an F_7 generation of recombinant inbred line(RIL).With the completion of more than 30×whole genome re-sequencing of the parents,two DNA bulks for large and small grains,a total of 58.94 Gb clean nucleotide data were generated.A total of455 262 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)between the parents were identified to perform bulked QTL-seq.A candidate genomic region containing SNPs strongly associated with grain length and weight was identified from 15 to 20 Mb on chromosome 5.We designated the major QTL in the candidate region as q TGW5.3.Then,q TGW5.3 was further validated with PCR-based conventional QTL mapping method through developing simple sequence repeat and Insertion/Deletion markers in the F_2 population.Furthermore,recombinants and the progeny tests delimited the candidate region of q TGW5.3 to 1.13 Mb,flanked by HX5009(15.15 Mb)and HX5003(16.28 Mb).A set of NILs,selected from the F_2 population,was developed to evaluate the genetic effect of q TGW5.3.Significant QTL effects were detected on grain length,grain width and 1000-grain weight of H12-29 allele with 1.14 mm,-0.11 mm and 3.11 g,which explained 99.64%,95.51%and 97.32%of the phenotypic variations,respectively.
基金The study is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39770461).
文摘To determine the genetic differences between high molecular weigh glutenin subunits （HMW-GS） null and 1. HMW-GS 1 was introduced into Longfumai 3 （N, 7＋8, 5＋10） by 5 consecutive backcrosses with biochemical marker assisted selection. The near isogenic lines （NILs） of HMW-GS null and 1 were obtained and planted in the experimental field of Crop Breeding Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science in 2004 and 2005. The field experiments were designed using the method of two-line contrast arrangement with four replicates. The result of two years experiment showed that the statistic differences of quality parameters between Longfumai 3 with subunit 1 and with null were not significant in flour protein content, dry gluten content, and water absorption. However the gluten index,＇ Zeleny sedimentation, the ratio of sedimentation/dry gluten, the development time, stability, and the breakdown time in the NIL with 1 subunit were increased by 5.8% （P〈0.01）, 9.3% （P〈0.01）, 8.6% （P=0.01）, 127.3% （P〈0.01）, 79.2% （P〈0.01）, and 53.6% （P〈0.01）, and the ratio of wet gluten/dry gluten and the degree of softening were decreased by 1.7% （P = 0.05） and 16.5% （P = 0.13）, respectively. The impact of the HMW-GS 1 on the gluten strength was highly positive in NILs containing HMW-GS 5 ＋ 10, suggesting that HMW-GS 1 can be an indispensable subunit for breeding strong gluten wheat.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30800674)
文摘Three different chlorophyll-deficient rice isogenic lines chl,fgl and pgl,and their recurrent parent zhefu802 （zf802） were used to study effects of leaf color on photosynthesis,dry matter accumulation,yield,and quality in early season indica rice.Analysis showed that the chlorophyll （Chl.） a/b ratio of isogenic lines chl-8,pgl and fgl was 5.35,10.00 and 15.46,respectively,among them,line fgl had higher leaf area index （LAI）,higher net photosynthetic rate and higher grain-filling rate than its recurrent parent zf802 at the later period of grain filling stage;while LAI,net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulated in lines chl-8 and pgl were lower than in zf802.Differences were found in the grain yield and quality among chlorophyll deficient isogenic lines,lines fgl,chl-8 and zf802 had similar grain yield,which was significantly higher than that of pgl;the highest milling quality was observed in isogenic line fgl,with relatively high protein content.This study showed that isogenic line fgl would become a unique material for the development of high yield rice with high grain quality because of its slow aging process and relative steady grain-filling rate.
