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The role of hydrogen in negative bias temperature instability of pMOSFET
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作者 李忠贺 刘红侠 郝跃 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2006年第4期833-838,共6页
The NBTI degradation phenomenon and the role of hydrogen during NBT stress are presented in this paper. It is found that PBT stress can recover a fraction of Vth shift induced by NBT1. However, this recovery is unstab... The NBTI degradation phenomenon and the role of hydrogen during NBT stress are presented in this paper. It is found that PBT stress can recover a fraction of Vth shift induced by NBT1. However, this recovery is unstable. The original degradation reappears soon after reapplication of the NBT stress condition. Hydrogen-related species play a key role during a device's NBT degradation. Experimental results show that the diffusion species are neutral, they repassivate Si dangling bond which is independent of the gate voltage polaxity. In addition to the diffusion towards gate oxide, hydrogen diffusion to Si-substrate must be taken into account for it also has important influence on device degradation during NBT stress. 展开更多
关键词 negative bias temperature instability device degradation hydrogen diffusion interface traps
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Study on the drain bias effect on negative bias temperature instability degradation of an ultra-short p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor
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作者 曹艳荣 马晓华 +1 位作者 郝跃 胡世刚 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2010年第4期402-407,共6页
This paper studies the effect of drain bias on ultra-short p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (PMOSFET) degradation during negative bias temperature (NBT) stress. When a relatively large g... This paper studies the effect of drain bias on ultra-short p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (PMOSFET) degradation during negative bias temperature (NBT) stress. When a relatively large gate voltage is applied, the degradation magnitude is much more than the drain voltage which is the same as the gate voltage supplied, and the time exponent gets larger than that of the NBT instability (NBTI). With decreasing drain voltage, the degradation magnitude and the time exponent all get smaller. At some values of the drain voltage, the degradation magnitude is even smaller than that of NBTI, and when the drain voltage gets small enough, the exhibition of degradation becomes very similar to the NBTI degradation. When a relatively large drain voltage is applied, with decreasing gate voltage, the degradation magnitude gets smaller. However, the time exponent becomes larger. With the help of electric field simulation, this paper concludes that the degradation magnitude is determined by the vertical electric field of the oxide, the amount of hot holes generated by the strong channel lateral electric field at the gate/drain overlap region, and the time exponent is mainly controlled by localized damage caused by the lateral electric field of the oxide in the gate/drain overlap region where hot carriers are produced. 展开更多
关键词 negative bias temperature instability drain bias electric field localized damage
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Flat-roof phenomenon of dynamic equilibrium phase in the negative bias temperature instability effect on a power MOSFET
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作者 张月 卓青青 +2 位作者 刘红侠 马晓华 郝跃 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第5期521-524,共4页
The effect of the static negative bias temperature (NBT) stress on a p-channel power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is investigated by experiment and simulation. The time evolution of t... The effect of the static negative bias temperature (NBT) stress on a p-channel power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is investigated by experiment and simulation. The time evolution of the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) degradation has the trend predicted by the reaction-diffusion (R-D) model but with an exaggerated time scale. The phenomena of the flat-roof section are observed under various stress conditions, which can be considered as the dynamic equilibrium phase in the R-D process. Based on the simulated results, the variation of the flat-roof section with the stress condition can be explained. 展开更多
关键词 negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) reaction-diffusion model interface traps powerMOSFET
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Effect of substrate bias on negative bias temperature instability of ultra-deep sub-micro p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors
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作者 曹艳荣 郝跃 +1 位作者 马晓华 胡仕刚 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2009年第1期309-314,共6页
The effect of substrate bias on the degradation during applying a negative bias temperature (NBT) stress is studied in this paper. With a smaller gate voltage stress applied, the degradation of negative bias tempera... The effect of substrate bias on the degradation during applying a negative bias temperature (NBT) stress is studied in this paper. With a smaller gate voltage stress applied, the degradation of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is enhanced, and there comes forth an inflexion point. The degradation pace turns larger when the substrate bias is higher than the inflexion point. The substrate hot holes can be injected into oxide and generate additional oxide traps, inducing an inflexion phenomenon. When a constant substrate bias stress is applied, as the gate voltage stress increases, an inflexion comes into being also. The higher gate voltage causes the electrons to tunnel into the substrate from the poly, thereby generating the electro,hole pairs by impact ionization. The holes generated by impact ionization and the holes from the substrate all can be accelerated to high energies by the substrate bias. More additional oxide traps can be produced, and correspondingly, the degradation is strengthened by the substrate bias. The results of the alternate stress experiment show that the interface traps generated by the hot holes cannot be annealed, which is different from those generated by common holes. 展开更多
关键词 negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) substrate bias hot holes oxide traps
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Actions of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and hot carriers in ultra-deep submicron p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (PMOSFETs)
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作者 刘红侠 郝跃 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第7期2111-2115,共5页
Hot carrier injection (HCI) at high temperatures and different values of gate bias Vg has been performed in order to study the actions of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and hot carriers. Hot-carrier-... Hot carrier injection (HCI) at high temperatures and different values of gate bias Vg has been performed in order to study the actions of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and hot carriers. Hot-carrier-stress-induced damage at Vg = Vd, where Vd is the voltage of the transistor drain, increases as temperature rises, contrary to conventional hot carrier behaviour, which is identified as being related to the NBTI. A comparison between the actions of NBTI and hot carriers at low and high gate voltages shows that the damage behaviours are quite different: the low gate voltage stress results in an increase in transconductance, while the NBTI-dominated high gate voltage and high temperature stress causes a decrease in transconductance. It is concluded that this can be a major source of hot carrier damage at elevated temperatures and high gate voltage stressing of p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (PMOSFETs). We demonstrate a novel mode of NBTI-enhanced hot carrier degradation in PMOSFETs. A novel method to decouple the actions of NBTI from that of hot carriers is also presented. 展开更多
关键词 ultra-deep submicron PMOSFETs negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) hot carrier injection (HCI) positive fixed oxide charges
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Evaluation of negative bias temperature instability in ultra-thin gate oxide pMOSFETs using a new on-line PDO method
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作者 纪志罡 许铭真 谭长华 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2006年第10期2431-2438,共8页
A new on-line methodology is used to characterize the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) without inherent recovery. Saturation drain voltage shift and mobility shift are extracted by ID-VD characterization... A new on-line methodology is used to characterize the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) without inherent recovery. Saturation drain voltage shift and mobility shift are extracted by ID-VD characterizations, which were measured before stress, and after every certain stress phase, using the proportional differential operator (PDO) method. The new on-line methodology avoids the mobility linearity assumption as compared with the previous onthe-fly method. It is found that both reaction-diffusion and charge-injection processes are important in NBTI effect under either DC or AC stress. A similar activation energy, 0.15 eV, occurred in both DC and AC NBTI processes. Also degradation rate factor is independent of temperature below 90℃ and sharply increases above it. The frequency dependence of NBTI degradation shows that NBTI degradation is independent of frequencies. The carrier tunnelling and reaction-diffusion mechanisms exist simultaneously in NBTI degradation of sub-micron pMOSFETs, and the carrier tunnelling dominates the earlier NBTI stage and the reaction-diffusion mechanism follows when the generation rate of traps caused by carrier tunnelling reaches its maximum. 展开更多
关键词 negative bias temperature instability proportional differential operator DEGRADATION
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Study on the negative bias temperature instability effect under dynamic stress
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作者 马晓华 曹艳荣 郝跃 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2010年第11期604-607,共4页
This paper studies negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) under alternant and alternating current (AC) stress. Under alternant stress, the degradation smaller than that of single negative stress is obtained.... This paper studies negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) under alternant and alternating current (AC) stress. Under alternant stress, the degradation smaller than that of single negative stress is obtained. The smaller degradation is resulted from the recovery of positive stress. There are two reasons for the recovery. One is the passivation of H dangling bonds, and another is the detrapping of charges trapped in the oxide. Under different frequencies of AC stress, the parameters all show regular degradation, and also smaller than that of the direct current stress. The higher the frequency is, the smaller the degradation becomes. As the negative stress time is too small under higher frequency, the deeper defects are hard to be filled in. Therefore, the detrapping of oxide charges is easy to occur under positive bias and the degradation is smaller with higher frequency. 展开更多
关键词 negative bias temperature instability dynamic stress RECOVERY
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Effects of stress conditions on the generation of negative bias temperature instability-associated interface traps
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作者 张月 蒲石 +3 位作者 雷晓艺 陈庆 马晓华 郝跃 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2013年第11期547-551,共5页
The exponent n of the generation of an interface trap (Nit), which contributes to the power-law negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) degradation, and the exponent’s time evolution are investigated by simu... The exponent n of the generation of an interface trap (Nit), which contributes to the power-law negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) degradation, and the exponent’s time evolution are investigated by simulations with varying the stress voltage Vg and temperature T. It is found that the exponent n in the diffusion-limited phase of the degradation process is irrelevant to both Vg and T. The time evolution of the exponent n is affected by the stress conditions, which is reflected in the shift of the onset of the diffusion-limited phase. According to the diffusion profiles, the generation of the atomic hydrogen species, which is equal to the buildup of Nit, is strongly correlated with the stress conditions, whereas the diffusion of the hydrogen species shows Vg-unaffected but T-affected relations through the normalized results. 展开更多
关键词 negative bias temperature instability reaction-diffusion model interface trap
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Negative bias temperature instability induced single event transient pulse narrowing and broadening 被引量:2
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作者 陈建军 陈书明 +1 位作者 梁斌 刘必慰 《Journal of Semiconductors》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2010年第12期38-42,共5页
The effect of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) on a single event transient (SET) has been studied in a 130 nm bulk silicon CMOS process based on 3D TCAD device simulations. The investigation shows that... The effect of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) on a single event transient (SET) has been studied in a 130 nm bulk silicon CMOS process based on 3D TCAD device simulations. The investigation shows that NBTI can result in the pulse width and amplitude of SET narrowing when the heavy ion hits the PMOS in the high-input inverter; but NBTI can result in the pulse width and amplitude of SET broadening when the heavy ion hits the NMOS in the low-input inverter. Based on this study, for the first time we propose that the impact of NBTI on a SET produced by the heavy ion hitting the NMOS has already been a significant reliability issue and should be of wide concern, and the radiation hardened design must consider the impact of NBTI on a SET. 展开更多
关键词 negative bias temperature instability single event transient narrowing and broadening
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Modeling to predict the time evolution of negative bias temperature instability(NBTI) induced single event transient pulse broadening
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作者 CHEN ShuMing CHEN JianJun +2 位作者 CHI YaQing LIU FanYu HE YiBai 《Science China(Technological Sciences)》 SCIE EI CAS 2012年第4期1101-1106,共6页
An analytical model is proposed to calculate single event transient (SET) pulse width with bulk complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology based on the physics of semiconductor devices. Combining with t... An analytical model is proposed to calculate single event transient (SET) pulse width with bulk complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology based on the physics of semiconductor devices. Combining with the most prevalent negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) degradation model, a novel analytical model is developed to predict the time evolution of the NBTI induced SET broadening in the production, and NBTI experiments and three-dimensional numerical device simulations are used to verify the model. At the same time, an analytical model to predict the time evolution of the NBTI induced SET broadening in the propagation is also proposed, and NBTI experiments and the simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) are used to verify the proposed model. 展开更多
关键词 negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) single event transient (SET) pulse broadening analytical model
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Investigation of degradation and recovery characteristics of NBTI in 28-nm high-k metal gate process
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作者 巩伟泰 李闫 +2 位作者 孙亚宾 石艳玲 李小进 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第12期628-635,共8页
Degradation induced by the negative bias temperature instability(NBTI)can be attributed to three mutually uncoupled physical mechanisms,i.e.,the generation of interface traps(ΔV_(IT)),hole trapping in pre-existing ga... Degradation induced by the negative bias temperature instability(NBTI)can be attributed to three mutually uncoupled physical mechanisms,i.e.,the generation of interface traps(ΔV_(IT)),hole trapping in pre-existing gate oxide defects(ΔV_(HT)),and the generation of gate oxide defects(ΔV_(OT)).In this work,the characteristic of NBTI for p-type MOSFET fabricated by using a 28-nm high-k metal gate(HKMG)process is thoroughly studied.The experimental results show that the degradation is enhanced at a larger stress bias and higher temperature.The effects of the three underlying subcomponents are evaluated by using the comprehensive models.It is found that the generation of interface traps dominates the NBTI degradation during long-time NBTI stress.Moreover,the NBTI parameters of the power-law time exponent and temperature activation energy as well as the gate oxide field acceleration are extracted.The dependence of operating lifetime on stress bias and temperature is also discussed.It is observed that NBTI lifetime significantly decreases as the stress increases.Furthermore,the decrease of charges related to interface traps and hole detrapping in pre-existing gate oxide defects are used to explain the recovery mechanism after stress. 展开更多
关键词 negative bias temperature instability(NBTI) high-k metal gate(HKMG) threshold voltage shift interface trap gate oxide defect
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Analysis of recoverable and permanent components of threshold voltage shift in NBT stressed p-channel power VDMOSFET 被引量:1
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作者 Danijel Dankovi Ninoslav Stojadinovi +5 位作者 Zoran Priji Ivica Mani Vojkan Davidovi Aneta Priji Snezana Djoric-Veljkovi Snezana Golubovi 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第10期386-394,共9页
In this study we investigate the dynamic recovery effects in IRF9520 commercial p-channel power vertical double diffused metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors(VDMOSFETs) subjected to negative bias tempe... In this study we investigate the dynamic recovery effects in IRF9520 commercial p-channel power vertical double diffused metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors(VDMOSFETs) subjected to negative bias temperature(NBT)stressing under the particular pulsed bias. Particular values of the pulsed stress voltage frequency and duty cycle are chosen in order to analyze the recoverable and permanent components of stress-induced threshold voltage shift in detail. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms responsible for buildup of oxide charge and interface traps. The partial recovery during the low level of pulsed gate voltage is ascribed to the removal of recoverable component of degradation, i.e., to passivation/neutralization of shallow oxide traps that are not transformed into the deeper traps(permanent component).Considering the value of characteristic time constant associated with complete removal of the recoverable component of degradation, it is shown that by selecting an appropriate combination of the frequency and duty cycle, the threshold voltage shifts induced under the pulsed negative bias temperature stress conditions can be significantly reduced, which may be utilized for improving the device lifetime in real application circuits. 展开更多
关键词 negative bias temperature instability vertical double-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor recov- erable PERMANENT degradation
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Recovery of PMOSFET NBTI under different conditions 被引量:1
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作者 曹艳荣 杨毅 +4 位作者 曹成 何文龙 郑雪峰 马晓华 郝跃 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2015年第9期484-488,共5页
Negative bias temperature instability(NBTI) has become a serious reliability issue, and the interface traps and oxide charges play an important role in the degradation process. In this paper, we study the recovery o... Negative bias temperature instability(NBTI) has become a serious reliability issue, and the interface traps and oxide charges play an important role in the degradation process. In this paper, we study the recovery of NBTI systemically under different conditions in the P-type metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor(PMOSFET), explain the various recovery phenomena, and find the possible processes of the recovery. 展开更多
关键词 negative bias temperature instability(NBTI) P-type metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor RECOVERY
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Degradation characteristics and mechanism of PMOSFETs under NBT-PBT-NBT stress
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作者 刘红侠 李忠贺 郝跃 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第5期1445-1449,共5页
Degradation characteristics of PMOSFETs under negative bias temperature-positive bias temperature-negative bias temperature (NBT-PBT-NBT) stress conditions are investigated in this paper. It is found that for all de... Degradation characteristics of PMOSFETs under negative bias temperature-positive bias temperature-negative bias temperature (NBT-PBT-NBT) stress conditions are investigated in this paper. It is found that for all device parameters, the threshold voltage has the largest shift under the first NBT stress condition. When the polarity of gate voltage is changed to positive, the shift of device parameters can be greatly recovered. However, this recovery is unstable. The more severe degradation appears soon after reapplication of NBT stress condition. The second NBT stress causes in linear drain current to degrade greatly, which is different from that of the first NBT stress. This more severe parameter shift results from the wear out of silicon substrate and oxide interface during the first NBT and PBT stress due to carrier trapping/detrapping and hydrogen related species diffusion. 展开更多
关键词 ultra deep submicron PMOSFETs negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) interface traps
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Detailed study of NBTI characterization in 40-nm CMOS process using comprehensive models
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作者 曾严 李小进 +4 位作者 卿健 孙亚宾 石艳玲 郭奥 胡少坚 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第10期483-489,共7页
The impact of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) can be ascribed to three mutually uncorrelated factors, including hole trapping by pre-existing traps (△ VHT) in gate insulator, generated traps (△ VOT... The impact of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) can be ascribed to three mutually uncorrelated factors, including hole trapping by pre-existing traps (△ VHT) in gate insulator, generated traps (△ VOT) in bulk insulator, and interface trap generation (△ VIT). In this paper, we have experimentally investigated the NBTI characteristic for a 40-nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The power-law time dependence, temperature activation, and field acceleration have also been explored based on the physical reaction-diffusion model. Moreover, the end-of-life of stressed device dependent on the variation of stress field and temperature have been evaluated. With the consideration of locking effect, the recovery characteristics have been modelled and discussed. 展开更多
关键词 negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) reaction diffusion (RD) interface trap H2 locking effect
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Impacts of NBTI/PBTI on power gated SRAM
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作者 黄平 邢座程 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS 2013年第5期1298-1306,共9页
A signal probability and activity probability (SPAP) model was proposed firstly, to estimate the impacts of the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) on power ga... A signal probability and activity probability (SPAP) model was proposed firstly, to estimate the impacts of the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) on power gated static random access memory (SRAM). The experiment results show that PBTI has significant influence on the read and write operations of SRAM with power gating, and it deteriorates the NBTI effects and results in a up to 39.38% static noise margin reduction and a 35.7% write margin degradation together with NBTI after 106 s working time. Then, a circuit level simulation was used to verify the assumption of the SPAP model, and finally the statistic data of CPU2000 benchmarks show that the proposed model has a reduction of 3.85% for estimation of the SNM degradation after 106 s working time compared with previous work. 展开更多
关键词 negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) static random access memory(SRAM) power gating
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Effect of gate length on the parameter degradation relations of PMOSFET under NBTI stress
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作者 曹艳荣 何文龙 +4 位作者 曹成 杨毅 郑雪峰 马晓华 郝跃 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2014年第11期496-501,共6页
The influence of PMOSFET gate length on the parameter degradation relations under negative bias temperature insta- bility (NBTI) stress is studied. The threshold voltage degradation increases with reducing the gate ... The influence of PMOSFET gate length on the parameter degradation relations under negative bias temperature insta- bility (NBTI) stress is studied. The threshold voltage degradation increases with reducing the gate length. By calculating the relations between the threshold voltage and the linear/saturation drain current, we obtain their correlation coefficients. Comparing the test result with the calculated linear/saturation current value, we obtain the ratio factors. The ratio factors decrease differently when the gate length diminishes. When the gate length reduces to some degree, the linear ratio factor decreases from greater than 1 to nearly 1, but the saturation factor decreases from greater than l to smaller than 1. This results from the influence of mobility and the velocity saturation effect. Moreover, due to the un-uniform distribution of potential damages along the channel, the descending slopes of the curve are different. 展开更多
关键词 negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) gate length DEGRADATION
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NBTI Impact on RF Front End in Wireless Sensor Networks
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作者 Bo Zhao Yu Wang Hua-Zhong Yang Hui Wang 《Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China》 2009年第4期362-369,共8页
In wireless sensor network (WSN), the communication node is the heart of the whole system. Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is becoming one of the most important factors that decide the life time of no... In wireless sensor network (WSN), the communication node is the heart of the whole system. Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) is becoming one of the most important factors that decide the life time of node chips, especially with the feature size declining. In this paper, the NBTI impact on the front-end circuits in the WSN nodes is studied, such as voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), charge pump (CP), low noise amplifier (LNA), and even the whole transceiver system. The circuit level NBTI degeneration models are built for the key modules and the entire transceiver. It is shown that the phase noise of the VCO will be deteriorated, the current mismatch of the CP and the noise figure of the LNA will both be increased, and the sensitivity and the adjacent channel selectivity (ACS) will be depressed by NBTI. The conclusions are proved by simulation results using HJTC 0.18 μm technology. 展开更多
关键词 Charge pump low noise amplifier negative bias temperature instability voltage-controlled oscillator wireless sensor network.
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SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR ANALYZING NBTI-INDUCED DIGITAL CIRCUIT DEGRADATION
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作者 Luo Hong Wang Yu +1 位作者 Luo Rong Yang Huazhong 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2009年第5期715-719,共5页
As semiconductor manufacturing migrates to more advanced technology nodes, accelerated aging effect for nanoscale devices poses as a key challenge for designers to find countermeasures that effectively mitigate the de... As semiconductor manufacturing migrates to more advanced technology nodes, accelerated aging effect for nanoscale devices poses as a key challenge for designers to find countermeasures that effectively mitigate the degradation and prolong system's lifetime. Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) is emerging as one of the major reliability concerns. Two software tools for NBTI analyzing are proposed in this paper, one for transistor-level, and the other for gate-level. The transistor-level can be used to estimate the delay degradation due to NBTI effect very accurately, while the gate-level can be used for repeat analysis in circuit optimization because of its fast computing speed. 展开更多
关键词 Integrated circuit RELIABILITY negative biased temperature instability (NBTI) Software tool
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Boundary condition and initial value effects in the reaction-diffusion model of interface trap generation/recovery
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作者 罗勇 黄大鸣 +1 位作者 刘文军 李名复 《Journal of Semiconductors》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2009年第7期70-75,共6页
A simple standard reaction-diffusion(RD) model assumes an infinite oxide thickness and a zero initial interface trap density, which is not the case in real MOS devices.In this paper, we numerically solve the RD mode... A simple standard reaction-diffusion(RD) model assumes an infinite oxide thickness and a zero initial interface trap density, which is not the case in real MOS devices.In this paper, we numerically solve the RD model by taking into account the finite oxide thickness and an initial trap density.The results show that trap generation/ passivation as a function of stress/recovery time is strongly affected by the condition of the gate-oxide/poly-Si boundary.When an absorbent boundary is considered, the RD model is more consistent with the measured interfacetrap data from CMOS devices under bias temperature stress.The results also show that non-negligible initial traps should affect the power index n when a power law of the trap generation with the stress time, tn, is observed in the diffusion limited region of the RD model. 展开更多
关键词 reaction-diffusion model interface-trap generation/passivation negative bias temperature instability charge pumping direct-current current-voltage
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