Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the first cause of adult disability in industrial countries [1]. It is charicaterized by hemiplegia, hemianopsia, aphasia, mouth askew and sever sequelae. It is considere...Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the first cause of adult disability in industrial countries [1]. It is charicaterized by hemiplegia, hemianopsia, aphasia, mouth askew and sever sequelae. It is considered that an ischemic disease without any specific treatment method and few effective drugs such as tPA (human tissue-type plasminogen activator) and Edarovone with specific therapeutic window will cause a lot of disadvantages if being used inaccurate. Root of Panax notoginseng (PN) which is one of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), was first found in “Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica” around 200 AD. Panax notogineng saponins(PNS) is a multi-components mixture containing ginseng and saponins as the most important bioactive components which are commonly used in clinical treatment. Also, ginseng and saponins form the main components of many herbal medicines in the market, e.g., Xueshuantong injection [2], Xuesaitong injection [3], Xuesaitong soft capsule [4] and so on. The main monomers of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are Ginsenoside-Rb1, Gensenoside-Rg1, Gensenoside-Re, Gensenoside-Rd and Panax notoginseng saponins-R1 [5]. In this review, we found some important points as well as shortcomings that require special consideration. We therefore highlighted the advances in neuro-protection of PNS and its main monomers in the area of experimental research.展开更多
Acupuncture has been commonly used as an adjuvant therapy or monotherapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease in China and in other countries.Animal studies have consistently show that this treatment is both ne...Acupuncture has been commonly used as an adjuvant therapy or monotherapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease in China and in other countries.Animal studies have consistently show that this treatment is both neuroprotective, protecting dopaminergic neurons from degeneration and also restorative, restoring tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopaminergic terminals in striatum, resulting in improvements in motor performance in animal models of Parkinsonism. Studies show that this protection is mediated through the same common mechanisms as other neuroprotective agents, including anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways at molecular and cellular levels. Restoration of function seems to involve activation of certain compensatory brain regions as a mechanism at the network level to correct the imbalances to the nervous system resulting from loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. Clinical studies in China and Korea, in particular, have shown a positive benefit of acupuncture in treating Parkinson's disease, especially in reducing the doses of dopaminergic medications and the associated side effects. However, large and well-controlled clinical trials are still needed to further demonstrate the efficacy and effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the protective effect of Shouzhangshen(Rhizoma Gymnadeniae Crassinervidis)extract against acute high altitude hypoxia-induced brain injury in mice.METHODS:Sixty C57BL/6J mice were selected and as...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the protective effect of Shouzhangshen(Rhizoma Gymnadeniae Crassinervidis)extract against acute high altitude hypoxia-induced brain injury in mice.METHODS:Sixty C57BL/6J mice were selected and assigned to six groups(n=10):normal control group,low-pressure hypoxia group,positive control group(dexamethasone 500 mg/kg),and three groups treated with Shouzhangshen extract(250,500,and 750 mg/kg,respectively).The Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate alterations in spatial learning and memory deficits.Nissl staining was performed to detect Nissl bodies and neuron damage.Hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-1α,interleukin(IL)-1β,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and malondialdehyde(MDA)expression in brain tissue and serum,as well as superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione(GSH)activity in brain tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction and western blots.RESULTS:The Morris water maze test results showed that Shouzhangshen extract can significantly reduce the latency and swimming distance to escape onto a visible platform,increase neuron density and hierarchy and the number of pyramidal neurons,and decrease the expression of HIF-1α,IL-1β,TNF-α,and VEGF mRNAs and proteins in both brain tissue and serum(P<0.05).Furthermore,significantly lower MDA expression and higher GSH activity were detected in the three groups treated with Shouzhangshen compared with the low-pressure hypoxia group(P<0.05).However,no significant alteration was observed for SOD activity(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that Shouzhangshen extract may have a significant effect on acute high altitude hypoxia-induced brain injury in mice.展开更多
Spinal cord regeneration after a spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a difficult challenge due to the complicated inflammatory microenvironment and neuronal damage at the injury sites. In this study, retinoic acid (RA) a...Spinal cord regeneration after a spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a difficult challenge due to the complicated inflammatory microenvironment and neuronal damage at the injury sites. In this study, retinoic acid (RA) and curcumin (Cur) were co-loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) self-assembly to obtain RA@BSA@Cur nanoparticles (NPs) for SCI treatment. Cur, as an antioxidant drug, facilitated reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and decreased the amount of inflammatory factors secreted by macrophages, while RA could enhance neurite extensions and neural differentiation. The constructed RA@BSA@Cur NPs not only induced polarization of macrophages toward pro-regenerative phenotypes and markedly reduced the inflammatory response of macrophages or microglia, but also increased neurite length in PC12 cells and neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, improved the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into β3- tubulin+ neurons, and reversed the pro-astrocyte differentiation effect of inflammatory cytokines on NSCs. In vivo experiments revealed that RA@BSA@Cur NPs regulated the phenotypic polarization of macrophages, inhibited the release of inflammatory mediators, promoted functional neuron regeneration and motor function, and further inhibited scar tissue formation. This study highlighted that the BSA-based biomimetic nanomaterials could be used as ROS scavengers and nerve regeneration promoters for treating SCI.展开更多
文摘Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the first cause of adult disability in industrial countries [1]. It is charicaterized by hemiplegia, hemianopsia, aphasia, mouth askew and sever sequelae. It is considered that an ischemic disease without any specific treatment method and few effective drugs such as tPA (human tissue-type plasminogen activator) and Edarovone with specific therapeutic window will cause a lot of disadvantages if being used inaccurate. Root of Panax notoginseng (PN) which is one of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), was first found in “Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica” around 200 AD. Panax notogineng saponins(PNS) is a multi-components mixture containing ginseng and saponins as the most important bioactive components which are commonly used in clinical treatment. Also, ginseng and saponins form the main components of many herbal medicines in the market, e.g., Xueshuantong injection [2], Xuesaitong injection [3], Xuesaitong soft capsule [4] and so on. The main monomers of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are Ginsenoside-Rb1, Gensenoside-Rg1, Gensenoside-Re, Gensenoside-Rd and Panax notoginseng saponins-R1 [5]. In this review, we found some important points as well as shortcomings that require special consideration. We therefore highlighted the advances in neuro-protection of PNS and its main monomers in the area of experimental research.
文摘Acupuncture has been commonly used as an adjuvant therapy or monotherapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease in China and in other countries.Animal studies have consistently show that this treatment is both neuroprotective, protecting dopaminergic neurons from degeneration and also restorative, restoring tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopaminergic terminals in striatum, resulting in improvements in motor performance in animal models of Parkinsonism. Studies show that this protection is mediated through the same common mechanisms as other neuroprotective agents, including anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways at molecular and cellular levels. Restoration of function seems to involve activation of certain compensatory brain regions as a mechanism at the network level to correct the imbalances to the nervous system resulting from loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. Clinical studies in China and Korea, in particular, have shown a positive benefit of acupuncture in treating Parkinson's disease, especially in reducing the doses of dopaminergic medications and the associated side effects. However, large and well-controlled clinical trials are still needed to further demonstrate the efficacy and effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
基金Supported by the Project of the Regional Collaborative Innovation Center of Tibetan Medicine(2018XTCX013)the Central Support for the Reform and Development of Local Colleges and Universities:Rescue Protection and Construction of Tissue Culture Platform for Endangered and Precious Tibetan Medicinal Materials+3 种基金the Fund for Less Developed Regions of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81960727)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Tibet(XZ201901-GA-01)the Science Research Cultivation Project of the Medical College of Tibet University(2019XSZX02)the Fund for Research Cultivation Program of Tibet University-Growth Project(ZDCZJH19-15)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the protective effect of Shouzhangshen(Rhizoma Gymnadeniae Crassinervidis)extract against acute high altitude hypoxia-induced brain injury in mice.METHODS:Sixty C57BL/6J mice were selected and assigned to six groups(n=10):normal control group,low-pressure hypoxia group,positive control group(dexamethasone 500 mg/kg),and three groups treated with Shouzhangshen extract(250,500,and 750 mg/kg,respectively).The Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate alterations in spatial learning and memory deficits.Nissl staining was performed to detect Nissl bodies and neuron damage.Hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-1α,interleukin(IL)-1β,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and malondialdehyde(MDA)expression in brain tissue and serum,as well as superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione(GSH)activity in brain tissues were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction and western blots.RESULTS:The Morris water maze test results showed that Shouzhangshen extract can significantly reduce the latency and swimming distance to escape onto a visible platform,increase neuron density and hierarchy and the number of pyramidal neurons,and decrease the expression of HIF-1α,IL-1β,TNF-α,and VEGF mRNAs and proteins in both brain tissue and serum(P<0.05).Furthermore,significantly lower MDA expression and higher GSH activity were detected in the three groups treated with Shouzhangshen compared with the low-pressure hypoxia group(P<0.05).However,no significant alteration was observed for SOD activity(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Our findings suggest that Shouzhangshen extract may have a significant effect on acute high altitude hypoxia-induced brain injury in mice.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A20254,52072253,81873995,81171712)Social development program of Jiangsu province(BE2019662)+4 种基金Gusu medical talents program of Suzhou(20015)Health commission of Jiangsu province(H2017066)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20151213,SBK2019040088)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology,and a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.Jiangsu Province Six Talent Peaks Project(No.SWYY-110)Key laboratory of spinal cord injury repair of Suzhou(SZS201807).
文摘Spinal cord regeneration after a spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a difficult challenge due to the complicated inflammatory microenvironment and neuronal damage at the injury sites. In this study, retinoic acid (RA) and curcumin (Cur) were co-loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) self-assembly to obtain RA@BSA@Cur nanoparticles (NPs) for SCI treatment. Cur, as an antioxidant drug, facilitated reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, and decreased the amount of inflammatory factors secreted by macrophages, while RA could enhance neurite extensions and neural differentiation. The constructed RA@BSA@Cur NPs not only induced polarization of macrophages toward pro-regenerative phenotypes and markedly reduced the inflammatory response of macrophages or microglia, but also increased neurite length in PC12 cells and neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, improved the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into β3- tubulin+ neurons, and reversed the pro-astrocyte differentiation effect of inflammatory cytokines on NSCs. In vivo experiments revealed that RA@BSA@Cur NPs regulated the phenotypic polarization of macrophages, inhibited the release of inflammatory mediators, promoted functional neuron regeneration and motor function, and further inhibited scar tissue formation. This study highlighted that the BSA-based biomimetic nanomaterials could be used as ROS scavengers and nerve regeneration promoters for treating SCI.
