To explore the effect of different positions and number of pyrrolidine bound to the carbon cage on the stabilization effect of fulleropyrrolidine derivatives to nitrocellulose(NC)/nitroglycerine(NG),we synthesized N-(...To explore the effect of different positions and number of pyrrolidine bound to the carbon cage on the stabilization effect of fulleropyrrolidine derivatives to nitrocellulose(NC)/nitroglycerine(NG),we synthesized N-(4-methoxy)phenylpyrrolidine-C_(60) and four different of bis(N-(4-methoxy)phenylpyrrolidine)-C_(60) compounds through Prato reaction.Their structures were characterized by UVevis,^(1)H NMR,^(13)C NMR,high-resolution mass spectroscopy,and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Their stabilization effect to NC/NG were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry,methyl violet,vacuum stabilization effect,weight loss,and accelerating rate calorimeter tests.The results indicated these compounds had excellent stabilization effect to NC/NG.The stabilization effect of the fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts to NC/NG is significantly better than that of fulleropyrrolidine monoadduct and C_(60).Moreover,the position where pyrrolidine binds to fullerene in fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts is different,and its stabilization effect to NC is also different.The stabilization effect order of different bisadduct isomers to nitrocellulose is as follows:e-edge>trans-2>cis-2>trans-3.Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)and FT-IR were used to study the stabilization mechanism of fulleropyrrolidine derivatives to NC/NG.The EPR results also show that fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts with different addition sites have different abilities to absorb nitroxide,and their ability is better than that of the monoadduct and C_(60),which is consistent with the results of stabilization effect performance test.展开更多
Objective To determine whether reduction in central pressure augmentation and central systolic blood pressure by nitroglycerine (NTG) results from effects on pre-load or is due to arterial dilation. Methods We compare...Objective To determine whether reduction in central pressure augmentation and central systolic blood pressure by nitroglycerine (NTG) results from effects on pre-load or is due to arterial dilation. Methods We compared effects of NTG with those of lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Hemodynamic measurements were made at rest,during LBNP (10,20 and 30 mmHg,each for 15 min) and after NTG (10,30 and 100 μg/min,each dose for 15 min) in ten healthy volunteers. Cardiac pre-load,stroke volume and cardiac output were assessed by echocardiography. Central pressure augmentation and central systolic pressure were obtained by radial tonometry using a transfer function. Results LBNP (20 mmHg) and NTG (30 μg/min) reduced pre-load (as measured by the peak velocity of the S wave in the superior vena cava) to a similar degree [by (26.8±3.8)% and (23.9±3.4)%,respectively]. Compared to LBNP,NTG reduced systemic vascular resistance [by (32.9±7.5)%,P<0.01],decreased peripheral and central pressure augmentation [by (20.8±3.4)% units and (12.9±2.9)% units,respectively,each P<0.01]. Conclusion These results suggest that a reduction in pre-load does not explain reduction in pressure augmentation and central systolic blood pressure by NTG and that these effects are mediated through arterial dilation.展开更多
Although preterm birth is the delivery before 37 + 0 weeks of gestation, the majority of prema-turity-related complications occur before 33 + 0 weeks of gestation. The need of today is to select the best agent out of ...Although preterm birth is the delivery before 37 + 0 weeks of gestation, the majority of prema-turity-related complications occur before 33 + 0 weeks of gestation. The need of today is to select the best agent out of the broad spectrum of available tocolytic agents, for providing maximum benefit to unfortunate sufferers of prematurity. The study aims to assess the role of “Dermal Nitroglycerin Patch” in treatment of preterm labour. Method: Study conducted in Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur from July 2014-December 2014. A prospective randomized study of 50 women of preterm labor was enrolled after informed consent. Patients were given dermal nitroglycerin patch as tocolytic agent according to study protocol. Result: 1) Results of NTG PATCH are comparable with other tocolytic drugs in terms of successful tocolysis;2) Maternal and fetal outcome is favourable in cases of NTG PATCH USE in preterm labour;3) Side effect profile was also better with NTG Patch. Conclusion: This randomized prospective study lends support to the proportion that Transdermal Nitroglycerine (NTG Patch) may be promising safe, effective, well tolerated, cost effective and non invasive method of tocolysis.展开更多
This work is investigating Mexidol (2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxy pyridine succinate) effect on the formation of nitric oxide (NO) in animal liver tissues, which is a regulator of many physiological processes and plays a...This work is investigating Mexidol (2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxy pyridine succinate) effect on the formation of nitric oxide (NO) in animal liver tissues, which is a regulator of many physiological processes and plays an important role in the vascular relaxation, neurotransmission and immune system functioning. Analyses performed by EPR spectroscopy revealed Hem-NO complex signals from paramagnetic centers in arbitrary units;produced nitrogen oxide amount in liver tissues was determined by method of double integration signals from nitrosyl complexes.展开更多
Objectives Nitroglycerine (NTG) enhances coronary blood flow to compromised myocardium is important in relieving ischemia. However, the mechanism for this increase in myocardial blood flow (MBF) is not well defined. I...Objectives Nitroglycerine (NTG) enhances coronary blood flow to compromised myocardium is important in relieving ischemia. However, the mechanism for this increase in myocardial blood flow (MBF) is not well defined. In small vessels and capillaries, relative blood viscosity plays a very important role in determining myocardial vascular resistance (MVR). MVR reduce is due partly to the increase in negative charge of erythrocyte surface. We therefore hypothesized that the enhancement of nutrient blood flow to zones of myocardial ischemia during NTG is partly secondary to reduced MVR and blood flow viscosity. The latter is affected by the negative charge of erythrocyte surface. Methods 6 dogs with LAD flow-limiting stenosis (group 1) and 6 dogs with LAD flow-limiting stenosis and LCx occmusion (group 2) were studied. At baseline and during intracoronary infusions of NTG (0.3-0.6 μg·kg-1·min-1), hemodynamics, MBF (mL·min-1·g-1), whole blood viscosity (WBη, mPa. S), elongation index (EI), eletrophoretic mobility of erythocytes (EME, [μ.s-1)/(V.cm-1)]) and percent wall thickening (%WT) were determined. MVR was calculated using driving pressure/MBF. Results As compared to baseline, no changes in hemodynamics were seen during NTG. MBF increased and MVR decreased significantly in normal bed, the central 25% and the entire of stenosed bed (P<0.05), with a decrease in WBη in both group 1 and group 2 dogs (18.6±9.7 % and 19.2±14.5 %, respectively). However, the % decrease in WBη was proportioned to the % increase in MBF or the % decrease in MVR only in the central 25% of stenosed bed (r=0.87, P<0.001), but not in the entire stenosed bed and normal bed. EI did not show statistically significant differences between during NTG and at baseline, but EME did increase. And the % decrease in WBη during NTG was related to the % increase in EME (r=0.83, P=0.01). Conclusions NTG reduced myocardial vascular resistance and blood viscosity due to the change of negative charge of erythrocyte surface may, in part, be the mechanism of the enhancement of nutrient blood flow to zones of myocardial ischemia. These results provide additional insights into the complex anti-ischemic effects of NTG.展开更多
AIM:Тo examine the effects of nitroglycerine on portal vein haemodynamics and oxidative stress in patients with portal hypertension.METHODS:Thirty healthy controls and 39 patients with clinically verified portal hype...AIM:Тo examine the effects of nitroglycerine on portal vein haemodynamics and oxidative stress in patients with portal hypertension.METHODS:Thirty healthy controls and 39 patients with clinically verified portal hypertension and increasedvascular resistance participated in the study.Liver di-ameters,portal diameters and portal flow velocities were recorded using color flow imaging/pulsed Doppler detection.Cross-section area,portal flow and index of vascular resistance were calculated.In collected blood samples,superoxide anion radical (O 2-),hydrogen per-oxide (H 2 O 2),index of lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS) and nitric oxide (NO) as a marker of endothelial response (measured as nitrite-NO 2-) were determined.Time-dependent analysis was performed at basal state and in 10th and 15th min after nitroglycerine (sublingual 0.5 mg) administration.RESULTS:Oxidative stress parameters changed sig-nificantly during the study.H 2 O 2 decreased at the end of study,probably via O 2-mediated disassembling in Haber Weiss and Fenton reaction;O 2-increased signifi-cantly probably due to increased diameter and tension and decreased shear rate level.Consequently O 2-and H 2 O 2 degradation products,like hydroxyl radical,initi-ated lipid peroxidation.Increased blood flow was to some extent lower in patients than in controls due to double paradoxes,flow velocity decreased,shear rate decreased significantly indicating non Newtonian char-acteristics of portal blood flow.CONCLUSION:This pilot study could be a starting point for further investigation and possible implemen-tation of some antioxidants in the treatment of portal hypertension.展开更多
The preventive effects of nitroglycerine(NG) on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in growing rats were studied.Three-month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group(CON),dexamethasone group(DXM...The preventive effects of nitroglycerine(NG) on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in growing rats were studied.Three-month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group(CON),dexamethasone group(DXM),DXM plus a low dose NG group(NG-L),DXM plus a middle dose NG group(NG-M) and DXM plus a high dose NG group(NG-H),8 rats in each group.The rat model of osteoporosis was developed by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone twice a week.NG 0.2,0.4 and 1.0 mg/kg was administered by oral gavages to the treatment groups every day for 12 weeks.Rats in CON group and DXM group were treated with normal saline of the same amount.After the treatment,the bone mineral density(BMD) and bone metabolism-associated biochemical markers were determined.Compared with CON group,BMD of lumbar spine and femur in DXM group was decreased significantly(P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively),blood BGP levels and NO levels reduced(both P<0.01),and TRAP level increased(P<0.05).As compared with DXM group,BMD,serum BGP and NO were increased,and TRAP decreased in NG-L group and NG-M group,but had no significant difference in comparison to CON group.All the markers other than serum NO and TRAP levels had no significant difference between NG-H group and DXM group.It was concluded that low or middle doses of NG could prevent glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in growing rats,but high dose of NG could not.Supplement with NO donor could be considered as a preventive treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in a developing skeleton.展开更多
Objective. To investigate whether angiotensin II receptor antagonist and endothelin receptor antagonist can improve the nitroglycerin (Nit) tolerance in vivo. Methods. Twenty- four rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6...Objective. To investigate whether angiotensin II receptor antagonist and endothelin receptor antagonist can improve the nitroglycerin (Nit) tolerance in vivo. Methods. Twenty- four rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6,each): Control group, Nitroglycerin (Nit) group, Nit＋ bosentan group and Nit＋ losartan group. Nitroglycerin tolerance was induced by 2- day treatment of nitroglycerin patch (0.05 mg/h). AngiotensinⅡ receptor antagonist losartan ( 10 mg· kg－ 1· d－ 1 ) and endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan ( 100 mg· kg－ 1· d－ 1 ) were given by gavage for 2 days respectively. Results. The least hypotensive response to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was observed in Nit group . The effective percentages of hypotensive response to SNP were increased in both Nit＋ losartan group and Nit＋ bosentan group compared with Nit group [(31.95± 4.45 )％ vs (21.00± 3.69 )％ , P< 0.01 and (33.18± 6.16 )％ vs (21.00± 3.69 )％ , P< 0.01 ,respectively]. The maximal vessel relaxation induced by SNP was the same in 4 different groups but the highest EC50 (concentration which produces 50％ of the maximal response to SNP) was found in tolerant group[(34± 10) nmol/ L,P < 0.01 .The ET- 1 amounts in plasma and vascular tissue were markedly increased by 54％ and 60％ in Nit group compared with those in control group(P< 0.01).The ET- 1 amounts in plasma and vascular tissue were decreased by 30％ and 37％ in Nit＋ losartan group compared with those in Nit group (P< 0.01). Conclusion. Endothelin receptor antagonist and angiotensinⅡ receptor antagonist could prevent against the Nit tolerance .展开更多
Objective To observe the dynamic changes of the plasma ET 1 and the effect of low dose nitroglycerin in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods\ Forty patients with coronary artery bypass surgery were di...Objective To observe the dynamic changes of the plasma ET 1 and the effect of low dose nitroglycerin in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods\ Forty patients with coronary artery bypass surgery were divided into two group: A and B. Group B received intravenous nitroglycerin 1 μg·kg\+\{ 1\}·min\+\{ 1\} perioperatively. RIA was used to assay the plasma ET 1 level. All the hemodynamic parameters were recorded by the Swan Ganze catheter. Results\ The preoperative plasma ET 1 level in patients with coronary artery disease was significantly higher than the normal level. Five minutes after cardiopulmonary bypass in these patients the plasma ET 1 level was increased significantly until 6 to 8 h after operation. The increasing plasma ET 1 level in group B was less intense than that in group A. There was a positive correlation between the plasma ET 1 level and the mean pulmonary artery pressure in group A 2 and 8 h after operation. Conclusion\ In patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, the increased plasma ET 1 level may be due to the influence of cardiopulmonary bypass partly. Low dose nitroglycerin is beneficial to these patients.展开更多
目的探究多巴酚丁胺联合硝酸甘油在实施控制性低中心静脉压(CLCVP)技术中的应用效果及其对患者血流动力学的影响。方法50例肝部分切除(切除≥2个肝叶)患者,随机分为N组(24例)和D组(26例)。在手术开始至切肝及止血完成阶段,N组使用硝酸...目的探究多巴酚丁胺联合硝酸甘油在实施控制性低中心静脉压(CLCVP)技术中的应用效果及其对患者血流动力学的影响。方法50例肝部分切除(切除≥2个肝叶)患者,随机分为N组(24例)和D组(26例)。在手术开始至切肝及止血完成阶段,N组使用硝酸甘油维持中心静脉压(CVP)<5 cm H_(2)O(1 cm H_(2)O=0.098 kPa),D组使用多巴酚丁胺联合硝酸甘油维持CVP<5 cm H_(2)O。比较两组手术情况[手术时间、肝切除后(T4)和术毕(T5)输液量、尿量、术中出血量],CVP、心脏指数(CI),术野等级,血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞比容(HCT)水平,肝、肾功能指标[谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)]。结果D组手术时间(222.8±81.6)min较N组的(277.1±61.3)min短,T5输液量(2946.1±398.6)ml及术中出血量(223.0±115.5)ml较N组的(3233.5±444.3)、(404.8±219.6)ml少(P<0.05);两组T4输液量及尿量比较无差异(P>0.05)。与N组比较,D组在手术开始后15 min(T2)时的CVP明显低于N组(P<0.05);诱导后(T1)、肝切除开始(T3)、T4时D组CVP与N组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组CVP在T2、T3、T4时均较T1低(P<0.05),在T5时恢复至接近T1水平(P>0.05)。D组在T3时的CI明显高于N组(P<0.05);D组在T1、T2、T4、T5时的CI与N组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);N组在T1~T4时CI组内比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),在T5时CI较T1时高(P<0.05);D组在T2、T3、T5时CI较T1时高(P<0.05),T4时CI与T1比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。D组术中术野等级优于N组,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。D组在T4、T5的Hb、HCT均较N组高(P<0.05);两组T1时的Hb、HCT无统计学差异(P>0.05);两组患者Hb、HCT在T4和T5时均较T1降低(P<0.05)。两组术前及术后第1、3、7天ALT、AST、BUN、Cr比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术后第1、3、7天BUN和Cr与术前比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05);两组ALT、AST在术后第1、3天均较术前增高(P<0.05),术后第7天与术前比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论在实施CLCVP技术中应用多巴酚丁胺联合硝酸甘油可更有效降低CVP,维持循环稳定,并减少术中出血量。展开更多
Objective To understand the effect of intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG) on hemodynamics in infants and small children with congestive heart failure secondary to congenital cardiac defect of left to right shunt Methods H...Objective To understand the effect of intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG) on hemodynamics in infants and small children with congestive heart failure secondary to congenital cardiac defect of left to right shunt Methods Heart rate, blood pressure and total peripheral resistance were monitored continuously Echocardiography was used to measure ejection fraction, fractional shortening, end diastolic volume index of left ventricle, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary artery mean pressure and left ventricular wall stress before uhe use and during 0 5, 1 0, 1 5, 2 5, and 5 0?μg·kg 1 ·min 1 dosages of nitroglycerin (NTG) Results There was no significant difference in the indexes of heart rate, blood pressure, ejection fraction and fractional shortening of left ventricle, stroke volume index, cardiac output index, end diastolic volume index before the use and after the use of NTG Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 15 5±2 3?mm?Hg before the use of NTG to 14 3±2 2?mm?Hg after the use of 0 5?μg·kg 1 ·min 1 NTG ( P <0 05), minimum to 12 3±2 4?mm?Hg; left ventricular wall stress Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ decreased from 407±65? dyn·cm 2 ·10 3, 166±48?dyn·cm 2 ·10 3, 255±52? dyn·cm 2 ·10 3 to 357±75?dyn·cm 2 ·10 3, 136±48? dyn·cm 2 ·10 3, 218±52?dyn·cm 2 ·10 3 ( P <0 05), minimum to 321±50?dyn·cm 2 ·10 3, 114±42? dyn·cm 2 ·10 3, 187±42?dyn·cm 2 ·10 3, respectively Total peripheral resistance and pulmonary artery mean pressure were decreased when the dosage of intravenous NTG was increased to above 2 5?μg·kg 1 ·min 1 ( P <0 05) There was no statistical difference in the above indexes of the different dosages Conclusion Congestive heart failure secondary to congenital cardiac defect of left to right shunt in infants and small children is the indication of using intravenous NTG which could improve hemodynamics There was different selectivity in dosage between arterial and venous vasodilatation, and the change in hemodynamics was independent of dosage The dosages of 0 5-1 0?μg·kg 1 ·min 1 NTG are recommended when the decrease of cardiac preload is the main point of therapy of heart展开更多
Objective: To observe the effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae composita (SMC) on blood gas variations of nitroglycerin (NTG) controlled hypotension. Methods: Sixteen patients who were arranged to undergo operation under g...Objective: To observe the effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae composita (SMC) on blood gas variations of nitroglycerin (NTG) controlled hypotension. Methods: Sixteen patients who were arranged to undergo operation under general anesthesia in controlled hypotension condition were randomly divided into the control group (n=8) and the SMC group ( n=8). NTG was used to create controlled hypotension in both groups and blood pressure decreased by about 30% compared with the control values. Patients in the SMC group were administered intravenously with SMC (16 ml) before the utilization of NTG. Results: Significant PaO 2 decrease and Pa etCO 2 increase were observed in the control group during the controlled hypotension period. However, blood gas values in the SMC group did not obviously change. Conclusion: SMC can prevent the side effects of NTG on blood gas.展开更多
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972278)Outstanding Youth Science and Technology Talents Program of Sichuan(no.19JCQN0085)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials,Southwest University of Science and Technology(No.19fksy04).
文摘To explore the effect of different positions and number of pyrrolidine bound to the carbon cage on the stabilization effect of fulleropyrrolidine derivatives to nitrocellulose(NC)/nitroglycerine(NG),we synthesized N-(4-methoxy)phenylpyrrolidine-C_(60) and four different of bis(N-(4-methoxy)phenylpyrrolidine)-C_(60) compounds through Prato reaction.Their structures were characterized by UVevis,^(1)H NMR,^(13)C NMR,high-resolution mass spectroscopy,and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.Their stabilization effect to NC/NG were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry,methyl violet,vacuum stabilization effect,weight loss,and accelerating rate calorimeter tests.The results indicated these compounds had excellent stabilization effect to NC/NG.The stabilization effect of the fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts to NC/NG is significantly better than that of fulleropyrrolidine monoadduct and C_(60).Moreover,the position where pyrrolidine binds to fullerene in fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts is different,and its stabilization effect to NC is also different.The stabilization effect order of different bisadduct isomers to nitrocellulose is as follows:e-edge>trans-2>cis-2>trans-3.Electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)and FT-IR were used to study the stabilization mechanism of fulleropyrrolidine derivatives to NC/NG.The EPR results also show that fulleropyrrolidine bisadducts with different addition sites have different abilities to absorb nitroxide,and their ability is better than that of the monoadduct and C_(60),which is consistent with the results of stabilization effect performance test.
文摘Objective To determine whether reduction in central pressure augmentation and central systolic blood pressure by nitroglycerine (NTG) results from effects on pre-load or is due to arterial dilation. Methods We compared effects of NTG with those of lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Hemodynamic measurements were made at rest,during LBNP (10,20 and 30 mmHg,each for 15 min) and after NTG (10,30 and 100 μg/min,each dose for 15 min) in ten healthy volunteers. Cardiac pre-load,stroke volume and cardiac output were assessed by echocardiography. Central pressure augmentation and central systolic pressure were obtained by radial tonometry using a transfer function. Results LBNP (20 mmHg) and NTG (30 μg/min) reduced pre-load (as measured by the peak velocity of the S wave in the superior vena cava) to a similar degree [by (26.8±3.8)% and (23.9±3.4)%,respectively]. Compared to LBNP,NTG reduced systemic vascular resistance [by (32.9±7.5)%,P<0.01],decreased peripheral and central pressure augmentation [by (20.8±3.4)% units and (12.9±2.9)% units,respectively,each P<0.01]. Conclusion These results suggest that a reduction in pre-load does not explain reduction in pressure augmentation and central systolic blood pressure by NTG and that these effects are mediated through arterial dilation.
文摘Although preterm birth is the delivery before 37 + 0 weeks of gestation, the majority of prema-turity-related complications occur before 33 + 0 weeks of gestation. The need of today is to select the best agent out of the broad spectrum of available tocolytic agents, for providing maximum benefit to unfortunate sufferers of prematurity. The study aims to assess the role of “Dermal Nitroglycerin Patch” in treatment of preterm labour. Method: Study conducted in Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur from July 2014-December 2014. A prospective randomized study of 50 women of preterm labor was enrolled after informed consent. Patients were given dermal nitroglycerin patch as tocolytic agent according to study protocol. Result: 1) Results of NTG PATCH are comparable with other tocolytic drugs in terms of successful tocolysis;2) Maternal and fetal outcome is favourable in cases of NTG PATCH USE in preterm labour;3) Side effect profile was also better with NTG Patch. Conclusion: This randomized prospective study lends support to the proportion that Transdermal Nitroglycerine (NTG Patch) may be promising safe, effective, well tolerated, cost effective and non invasive method of tocolysis.
文摘This work is investigating Mexidol (2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxy pyridine succinate) effect on the formation of nitric oxide (NO) in animal liver tissues, which is a regulator of many physiological processes and plays an important role in the vascular relaxation, neurotransmission and immune system functioning. Analyses performed by EPR spectroscopy revealed Hem-NO complex signals from paramagnetic centers in arbitrary units;produced nitrogen oxide amount in liver tissues was determined by method of double integration signals from nitrosyl complexes.
文摘Objectives Nitroglycerine (NTG) enhances coronary blood flow to compromised myocardium is important in relieving ischemia. However, the mechanism for this increase in myocardial blood flow (MBF) is not well defined. In small vessels and capillaries, relative blood viscosity plays a very important role in determining myocardial vascular resistance (MVR). MVR reduce is due partly to the increase in negative charge of erythrocyte surface. We therefore hypothesized that the enhancement of nutrient blood flow to zones of myocardial ischemia during NTG is partly secondary to reduced MVR and blood flow viscosity. The latter is affected by the negative charge of erythrocyte surface. Methods 6 dogs with LAD flow-limiting stenosis (group 1) and 6 dogs with LAD flow-limiting stenosis and LCx occmusion (group 2) were studied. At baseline and during intracoronary infusions of NTG (0.3-0.6 μg·kg-1·min-1), hemodynamics, MBF (mL·min-1·g-1), whole blood viscosity (WBη, mPa. S), elongation index (EI), eletrophoretic mobility of erythocytes (EME, [μ.s-1)/(V.cm-1)]) and percent wall thickening (%WT) were determined. MVR was calculated using driving pressure/MBF. Results As compared to baseline, no changes in hemodynamics were seen during NTG. MBF increased and MVR decreased significantly in normal bed, the central 25% and the entire of stenosed bed (P<0.05), with a decrease in WBη in both group 1 and group 2 dogs (18.6±9.7 % and 19.2±14.5 %, respectively). However, the % decrease in WBη was proportioned to the % increase in MBF or the % decrease in MVR only in the central 25% of stenosed bed (r=0.87, P<0.001), but not in the entire stenosed bed and normal bed. EI did not show statistically significant differences between during NTG and at baseline, but EME did increase. And the % decrease in WBη during NTG was related to the % increase in EME (r=0.83, P=0.01). Conclusions NTG reduced myocardial vascular resistance and blood viscosity due to the change of negative charge of erythrocyte surface may, in part, be the mechanism of the enhancement of nutrient blood flow to zones of myocardial ischemia. These results provide additional insights into the complex anti-ischemic effects of NTG.
基金Supported by The Grant from the Ministry of Science and Technical Development of the Republic of Serbia,No.175043
文摘AIM:Тo examine the effects of nitroglycerine on portal vein haemodynamics and oxidative stress in patients with portal hypertension.METHODS:Thirty healthy controls and 39 patients with clinically verified portal hypertension and increasedvascular resistance participated in the study.Liver di-ameters,portal diameters and portal flow velocities were recorded using color flow imaging/pulsed Doppler detection.Cross-section area,portal flow and index of vascular resistance were calculated.In collected blood samples,superoxide anion radical (O 2-),hydrogen per-oxide (H 2 O 2),index of lipid peroxidation (measured as TBARS) and nitric oxide (NO) as a marker of endothelial response (measured as nitrite-NO 2-) were determined.Time-dependent analysis was performed at basal state and in 10th and 15th min after nitroglycerine (sublingual 0.5 mg) administration.RESULTS:Oxidative stress parameters changed sig-nificantly during the study.H 2 O 2 decreased at the end of study,probably via O 2-mediated disassembling in Haber Weiss and Fenton reaction;O 2-increased signifi-cantly probably due to increased diameter and tension and decreased shear rate level.Consequently O 2-and H 2 O 2 degradation products,like hydroxyl radical,initi-ated lipid peroxidation.Increased blood flow was to some extent lower in patients than in controls due to double paradoxes,flow velocity decreased,shear rate decreased significantly indicating non Newtonian char-acteristics of portal blood flow.CONCLUSION:This pilot study could be a starting point for further investigation and possible implemen-tation of some antioxidants in the treatment of portal hypertension.
文摘The preventive effects of nitroglycerine(NG) on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in growing rats were studied.Three-month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group(CON),dexamethasone group(DXM),DXM plus a low dose NG group(NG-L),DXM plus a middle dose NG group(NG-M) and DXM plus a high dose NG group(NG-H),8 rats in each group.The rat model of osteoporosis was developed by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone twice a week.NG 0.2,0.4 and 1.0 mg/kg was administered by oral gavages to the treatment groups every day for 12 weeks.Rats in CON group and DXM group were treated with normal saline of the same amount.After the treatment,the bone mineral density(BMD) and bone metabolism-associated biochemical markers were determined.Compared with CON group,BMD of lumbar spine and femur in DXM group was decreased significantly(P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively),blood BGP levels and NO levels reduced(both P<0.01),and TRAP level increased(P<0.05).As compared with DXM group,BMD,serum BGP and NO were increased,and TRAP decreased in NG-L group and NG-M group,but had no significant difference in comparison to CON group.All the markers other than serum NO and TRAP levels had no significant difference between NG-H group and DXM group.It was concluded that low or middle doses of NG could prevent glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in growing rats,but high dose of NG could not.Supplement with NO donor could be considered as a preventive treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in a developing skeleton.
文摘Objective. To investigate whether angiotensin II receptor antagonist and endothelin receptor antagonist can improve the nitroglycerin (Nit) tolerance in vivo. Methods. Twenty- four rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6,each): Control group, Nitroglycerin (Nit) group, Nit＋ bosentan group and Nit＋ losartan group. Nitroglycerin tolerance was induced by 2- day treatment of nitroglycerin patch (0.05 mg/h). AngiotensinⅡ receptor antagonist losartan ( 10 mg· kg－ 1· d－ 1 ) and endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan ( 100 mg· kg－ 1· d－ 1 ) were given by gavage for 2 days respectively. Results. The least hypotensive response to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was observed in Nit group . The effective percentages of hypotensive response to SNP were increased in both Nit＋ losartan group and Nit＋ bosentan group compared with Nit group [(31.95± 4.45 )％ vs (21.00± 3.69 )％ , P< 0.01 and (33.18± 6.16 )％ vs (21.00± 3.69 )％ , P< 0.01 ,respectively]. The maximal vessel relaxation induced by SNP was the same in 4 different groups but the highest EC50 (concentration which produces 50％ of the maximal response to SNP) was found in tolerant group[(34± 10) nmol/ L,P < 0.01 .The ET- 1 amounts in plasma and vascular tissue were markedly increased by 54％ and 60％ in Nit group compared with those in control group(P< 0.01).The ET- 1 amounts in plasma and vascular tissue were decreased by 30％ and 37％ in Nit＋ losartan group compared with those in Nit group (P< 0.01). Conclusion. Endothelin receptor antagonist and angiotensinⅡ receptor antagonist could prevent against the Nit tolerance .
文摘Objective To observe the dynamic changes of the plasma ET 1 and the effect of low dose nitroglycerin in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods\ Forty patients with coronary artery bypass surgery were divided into two group: A and B. Group B received intravenous nitroglycerin 1 μg·kg\+\{ 1\}·min\+\{ 1\} perioperatively. RIA was used to assay the plasma ET 1 level. All the hemodynamic parameters were recorded by the Swan Ganze catheter. Results\ The preoperative plasma ET 1 level in patients with coronary artery disease was significantly higher than the normal level. Five minutes after cardiopulmonary bypass in these patients the plasma ET 1 level was increased significantly until 6 to 8 h after operation. The increasing plasma ET 1 level in group B was less intense than that in group A. There was a positive correlation between the plasma ET 1 level and the mean pulmonary artery pressure in group A 2 and 8 h after operation. Conclusion\ In patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, the increased plasma ET 1 level may be due to the influence of cardiopulmonary bypass partly. Low dose nitroglycerin is beneficial to these patients.
文摘目的探究多巴酚丁胺联合硝酸甘油在实施控制性低中心静脉压(CLCVP)技术中的应用效果及其对患者血流动力学的影响。方法50例肝部分切除(切除≥2个肝叶)患者,随机分为N组(24例)和D组(26例)。在手术开始至切肝及止血完成阶段,N组使用硝酸甘油维持中心静脉压(CVP)<5 cm H_(2)O(1 cm H_(2)O=0.098 kPa),D组使用多巴酚丁胺联合硝酸甘油维持CVP<5 cm H_(2)O。比较两组手术情况[手术时间、肝切除后(T4)和术毕(T5)输液量、尿量、术中出血量],CVP、心脏指数(CI),术野等级,血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞比容(HCT)水平,肝、肾功能指标[谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)]。结果D组手术时间(222.8±81.6)min较N组的(277.1±61.3)min短,T5输液量(2946.1±398.6)ml及术中出血量(223.0±115.5)ml较N组的(3233.5±444.3)、(404.8±219.6)ml少(P<0.05);两组T4输液量及尿量比较无差异(P>0.05)。与N组比较,D组在手术开始后15 min(T2)时的CVP明显低于N组(P<0.05);诱导后(T1)、肝切除开始(T3)、T4时D组CVP与N组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组CVP在T2、T3、T4时均较T1低(P<0.05),在T5时恢复至接近T1水平(P>0.05)。D组在T3时的CI明显高于N组(P<0.05);D组在T1、T2、T4、T5时的CI与N组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);N组在T1~T4时CI组内比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),在T5时CI较T1时高(P<0.05);D组在T2、T3、T5时CI较T1时高(P<0.05),T4时CI与T1比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。D组术中术野等级优于N组,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。D组在T4、T5的Hb、HCT均较N组高(P<0.05);两组T1时的Hb、HCT无统计学差异(P>0.05);两组患者Hb、HCT在T4和T5时均较T1降低(P<0.05)。两组术前及术后第1、3、7天ALT、AST、BUN、Cr比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组术后第1、3、7天BUN和Cr与术前比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05);两组ALT、AST在术后第1、3天均较术前增高(P<0.05),术后第7天与术前比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论在实施CLCVP技术中应用多巴酚丁胺联合硝酸甘油可更有效降低CVP,维持循环稳定,并减少术中出血量。
文摘Objective To understand the effect of intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG) on hemodynamics in infants and small children with congestive heart failure secondary to congenital cardiac defect of left to right shunt Methods Heart rate, blood pressure and total peripheral resistance were monitored continuously Echocardiography was used to measure ejection fraction, fractional shortening, end diastolic volume index of left ventricle, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary artery mean pressure and left ventricular wall stress before uhe use and during 0 5, 1 0, 1 5, 2 5, and 5 0?μg·kg 1 ·min 1 dosages of nitroglycerin (NTG) Results There was no significant difference in the indexes of heart rate, blood pressure, ejection fraction and fractional shortening of left ventricle, stroke volume index, cardiac output index, end diastolic volume index before the use and after the use of NTG Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 15 5±2 3?mm?Hg before the use of NTG to 14 3±2 2?mm?Hg after the use of 0 5?μg·kg 1 ·min 1 NTG ( P <0 05), minimum to 12 3±2 4?mm?Hg; left ventricular wall stress Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ decreased from 407±65? dyn·cm 2 ·10 3, 166±48?dyn·cm 2 ·10 3, 255±52? dyn·cm 2 ·10 3 to 357±75?dyn·cm 2 ·10 3, 136±48? dyn·cm 2 ·10 3, 218±52?dyn·cm 2 ·10 3 ( P <0 05), minimum to 321±50?dyn·cm 2 ·10 3, 114±42? dyn·cm 2 ·10 3, 187±42?dyn·cm 2 ·10 3, respectively Total peripheral resistance and pulmonary artery mean pressure were decreased when the dosage of intravenous NTG was increased to above 2 5?μg·kg 1 ·min 1 ( P <0 05) There was no statistical difference in the above indexes of the different dosages Conclusion Congestive heart failure secondary to congenital cardiac defect of left to right shunt in infants and small children is the indication of using intravenous NTG which could improve hemodynamics There was different selectivity in dosage between arterial and venous vasodilatation, and the change in hemodynamics was independent of dosage The dosages of 0 5-1 0?μg·kg 1 ·min 1 NTG are recommended when the decrease of cardiac preload is the main point of therapy of heart
文摘Objective: To observe the effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae composita (SMC) on blood gas variations of nitroglycerin (NTG) controlled hypotension. Methods: Sixteen patients who were arranged to undergo operation under general anesthesia in controlled hypotension condition were randomly divided into the control group (n=8) and the SMC group ( n=8). NTG was used to create controlled hypotension in both groups and blood pressure decreased by about 30% compared with the control values. Patients in the SMC group were administered intravenously with SMC (16 ml) before the utilization of NTG. Results: Significant PaO 2 decrease and Pa etCO 2 increase were observed in the control group during the controlled hypotension period. However, blood gas values in the SMC group did not obviously change. Conclusion: SMC can prevent the side effects of NTG on blood gas.
