A summer-time shipboard meteorological survey is described in the Northwest Indian Ocean. Shipboard observations are used to evaluate a satellite-based sea surface temperature（SST）, and then find the main factors th...A summer-time shipboard meteorological survey is described in the Northwest Indian Ocean. Shipboard observations are used to evaluate a satellite-based sea surface temperature（SST）, and then find the main factors that are highly correlated with errors. Two satellite data, the first is remote sensing product of a microwave, which is a Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager（TMI）, and the second is merged data from the microwave and infrared satellite as well as drifter observations, which is Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis（OSTIA）. The results reveal that the daily mean SST of merged data has much lower bias and root mean square error as compared with that from microwave products. Therefore the results support the necessary of the merging infrared and drifter SST with a microwave satellite for improving the quality of the SST. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between an SST error and meteorological parameters, which include a wind speed, an air temperature, a relative humidity, an air pressure, and a visibility. The results show that the wind speed has the largest correlation coefficient with the TMI SST error. However, the air temperature is the most important factor to the OSTIA SST error. Meanwhile,the relative humidity shows the high correlation with the SST error for the OSTIA product.展开更多
Based on the Had ISST1 and NCEP datasets,we investigated the influences of the central Pacific El Ni?o event(CP-EL)and eastern Pacific El Ni?o event(EP-EL)on the Sea Surface Temperature(SST)anomalies of the Tropical I...Based on the Had ISST1 and NCEP datasets,we investigated the influences of the central Pacific El Ni?o event(CP-EL)and eastern Pacific El Ni?o event(EP-EL)on the Sea Surface Temperature(SST)anomalies of the Tropical Indian Ocean.Considering the remote ef fect of Indian Ocean warming,we also discussed the anticyclone anomalies over the Northwest Pacific,which is very important for the South China precipitation and East Asian climate.Results show that during the El Ni?o developing year of EP-EL,cold SST anomalies appear and intensify in the east of tropical Indian Ocean.At the end of that autumn,all the cold SST anomaly events lead to the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)events.Basin uniform warm SST anomalies exist in the Indian Ocean in the whole summer of EL decaying year for both CP-and EP-ELs.However,considering the statistical significance,more significant warm SST anomalies only appear in the North Indian Ocean among the June and August of EP-EL decaying year.For further research,EP-EL accompany with Indian Ocean Basin Warming(EPI-EL)and CP El Ni?o accompany with Indian Ocean Basin Warming(CPI-EL)events are classified.With the remote ef fects of Indian Ocean SST anomalies,the EPI-and CPI-ELs contribute quite differently to the Northwest Pacific.For the EPI-EL developing year,large-scale warm SST anomalies arise in the North Indian Ocean in May,and persist to the autumn of the El Ni?o decaying year.However,for the CPI-EL,weak warm SST anomalies in the North Indian Ocean maintain to the El Ni?o decaying spring.Because of these different SST anomalies in the North Indian Ocean,distinct zonal SST gradient,atmospheric anticyclone and precipitation anomalies emerge over the Northwest Pacific in the El Ni?o decaying years.Specifically,the large-scale North Indian Ocean warm SST anomalies during the EPI-EL decaying years,can persist to summer and force anomalous updrafts and rainfall over the North Indian Ocean.The atmospheric heating caused by this precipitation anomaly emulates atmospheric Kelvin waves accompanied by low level easterly anomalies over the Northwest Pacific.As a result,a zonal SST gradient with a warm anomaly in the west and a cold anomaly in the east of Northwest Pacific is generated locally.Furthermore,the atmospheric anticyclone and precipitation anomalies over the Northwest Pacific are strengthened again in the decaying summer of EPI-EL.Af fected by the local WindEvaporation-SST(WES)positive feedback,the suppressed East Asian summer rainfall then persists to the late autumn during EPI-EL decaying year,which is much longer than that of CPI-EL.展开更多
Using observational data and model simulations,the author find that the North Indian Ocean(NIO)sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies can trigger an eastward atmospheric Kelvin wave propagating into the equatorial west...Using observational data and model simulations,the author find that the North Indian Ocean(NIO)sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies can trigger an eastward atmospheric Kelvin wave propagating into the equatorial western Pacific,inducing an anomalous anticyclone over the subtropical Northwest Pacific(NWP)and resulting in prominent summer climate anomalies in the East Asia-Northwest Pacific(EANWP)region.However,the response of tropospheric temperatures and atmospheric Kelvin waves to the South Indian Ocean(SIO)SST anomalies is weak;as a result,the impact of the SIO SST anomalies on the EANWP summer climate is weak.The contrasting impacts of NIO and SIO SST anomalies on the EANWP summer climate is possibly due to the different mean state of SSTs in the two regions.In summer,the climatological SSTs in the NIO are higher than in the SIO,leading to a stronger response of atmospheric convection to the NIO SST anomalies than to the SIO SST anomalies.Thus,compared with the SIO SST anomalies,the NIO SST anomalies can lead to stronger tropospheric air temperature anomalies and atmospheric Kelvin waves to affect the EANWP summer climate.展开更多
本文将1980-2021年江南5月降水作为研究对象,采用美国国家气候预测中心(Climate Prediction Center,CPC)降水、美国环境预测中心(National Center for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)大气环流以及英国气象局哈德莱中心(Met Office Hadl...本文将1980-2021年江南5月降水作为研究对象,采用美国国家气候预测中心(Climate Prediction Center,CPC)降水、美国环境预测中心(National Center for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)大气环流以及英国气象局哈德莱中心(Met Office Hadley Centre)海表面温度等资料,对江南5月降水年际变化特征及其与热带印度洋、太平洋的海表面温度异常(Sea surface temperature anomaly,SSTA)以及对流异常的可能联系进行了分析。结果表明,偏涝年通常伴随有自年前秋季开始发展的热带印度洋暖SSTA,5月同期对流层850 hPa在热带东印度洋至中国南海一带出现东风异常,同时热带印度洋上空对流活动旺盛,通过Hadley环流增强了在西北太平洋的下沉气流,共同增强了西北太平洋异常反气旋(Northwest Pacific anomaly anticyclone,WNPAC),促进了水汽向江南地区输送。热带印度洋中东部的冷SSTA自偏旱年前的冬季开始不断发展,在5月同期的热带印度洋异常冷洋面上空表现为对流抑制,与偏涝年相反的异常Hadley环流促使副高减弱东退,撤出南海,不利于水汽向江南地区输送。除热带印度洋外,热带太平洋和海洋性大陆地区的SSTA及其上空的对流活动异常与WNPAC和江南5月降水异常在一些年份也存在一定的关系,但较热带印度洋复杂。展开更多
单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch Per Unit Effort,CPUE)是资源评估的前提和基础,为了更好地评估西北印度洋鸢乌贼资源,采用广义加性模型(generalized additive model,GAM)对2016~2020年西北印度洋鸢乌贼的CPUE进行了标准化。结果显示,月份...单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch Per Unit Effort,CPUE)是资源评估的前提和基础,为了更好地评估西北印度洋鸢乌贼资源,采用广义加性模型(generalized additive model,GAM)对2016~2020年西北印度洋鸢乌贼的CPUE进行了标准化。结果显示,月份、海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)、海面高度(sea surface height,SSH)、经度和纬度对CPUE呈显著性影响,通过对不同GAM模型的AIC (Akaike information criterion)值比较,由月份、SST、SSH、经度和纬度5个因子构成的GAM模型为最优CPUE标准化模型,对CPUE偏差的解释率为40.3%。研究表明,西北印度洋鸢乌贼高CPUE主要出现在9月至翌年3月,海域范围为16°~19°N、60°~65°E,SST为25~28°C、SSH为0.2~0.4 m的海域内。整体而言,标准化CPUE低于名义CPUE,但二者的变化趋势基本一致。展开更多
为探究西北印度洋鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)内壳的形态特性,利用2019年9—11月中国灯光罩网作业在西北印度洋海域采集的594尾鸢乌贼样本,通过内壳结构研究生长特性及不同性别间生长差异。主成分分析表明,内壳长(gladius lengt...为探究西北印度洋鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)内壳的形态特性,利用2019年9—11月中国灯光罩网作业在西北印度洋海域采集的594尾鸢乌贼样本,通过内壳结构研究生长特性及不同性别间生长差异。主成分分析表明,内壳长(gladius length,GL)、翼长(vanes length,VL)、尾锥长(cones length,CL)、尾锥宽(greatest width of cones,GWC)和叶轴最大宽度(greatest width of proostracum,GWP)可作为描述西北印度洋鸢乌贼内壳外形变化的特征参数。协方差分析表明,除VL外所有特征参数与胴长(mantel length,ML)的生长关系均存在性别间显著性差异;所有特征参数与体重(body weight,BW)的生长关系也均存在性别间显著性差异。根据方程拟合与AIC(Akaike s Information Criterion)比较,内壳的参数与胴长和体重均具有显著相关性,可以用线性函数、幂函数、对数函数等表示。由于内壳参数测量相对于胴长测量误差小更准确,因此内壳参数可用于鸢乌贼生物学特性的研究。对比不同头足类内壳结构与胴体的函数关系的差异,可用内壳参数作为种群划分的参考,也为利用内壳结构研究鸢乌贼渔业生物学及资源评估提供了参考依据。展开更多
This paper aims to demonstrate some characteristics of the 20-50 day oscillations of certain circulation systems in low latitudes during the northern summer seasons.The teleconnection between the variations of the Mas...This paper aims to demonstrate some characteristics of the 20-50 day oscillations of certain circulation systems in low latitudes during the northern summer seasons.The teleconnection between the variations of the Mascarene high and the Northwest Pacific high and its physical mechanism are studied.How the Mas- carene high plays an important role in the interaction between the atmospheric circulations of both hemispheres is discussed.展开更多
基金China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association Project under contract No.DY125-12-R-03the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41476021 and 41321004the Scientific Research Fund of Second Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration China under contract No.JT1205
文摘A summer-time shipboard meteorological survey is described in the Northwest Indian Ocean. Shipboard observations are used to evaluate a satellite-based sea surface temperature（SST）, and then find the main factors that are highly correlated with errors. Two satellite data, the first is remote sensing product of a microwave, which is a Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager（TMI）, and the second is merged data from the microwave and infrared satellite as well as drifter observations, which is Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis（OSTIA）. The results reveal that the daily mean SST of merged data has much lower bias and root mean square error as compared with that from microwave products. Therefore the results support the necessary of the merging infrared and drifter SST with a microwave satellite for improving the quality of the SST. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between an SST error and meteorological parameters, which include a wind speed, an air temperature, a relative humidity, an air pressure, and a visibility. The results show that the wind speed has the largest correlation coefficient with the TMI SST error. However, the air temperature is the most important factor to the OSTIA SST error. Meanwhile,the relative humidity shows the high correlation with the SST error for the OSTIA product.
基金Supported by the National Key Program for Developing Basic Science of China(Nos.2012CB956002,2016YFA0600303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41675064,41621005,41330420,41275068)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Province Science Foundation(No.SBK2015020577)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change and Key Laboratory Project Foundation(No.KLME1501)
文摘Based on the Had ISST1 and NCEP datasets,we investigated the influences of the central Pacific El Ni?o event(CP-EL)and eastern Pacific El Ni?o event(EP-EL)on the Sea Surface Temperature(SST)anomalies of the Tropical Indian Ocean.Considering the remote ef fect of Indian Ocean warming,we also discussed the anticyclone anomalies over the Northwest Pacific,which is very important for the South China precipitation and East Asian climate.Results show that during the El Ni?o developing year of EP-EL,cold SST anomalies appear and intensify in the east of tropical Indian Ocean.At the end of that autumn,all the cold SST anomaly events lead to the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)events.Basin uniform warm SST anomalies exist in the Indian Ocean in the whole summer of EL decaying year for both CP-and EP-ELs.However,considering the statistical significance,more significant warm SST anomalies only appear in the North Indian Ocean among the June and August of EP-EL decaying year.For further research,EP-EL accompany with Indian Ocean Basin Warming(EPI-EL)and CP El Ni?o accompany with Indian Ocean Basin Warming(CPI-EL)events are classified.With the remote ef fects of Indian Ocean SST anomalies,the EPI-and CPI-ELs contribute quite differently to the Northwest Pacific.For the EPI-EL developing year,large-scale warm SST anomalies arise in the North Indian Ocean in May,and persist to the autumn of the El Ni?o decaying year.However,for the CPI-EL,weak warm SST anomalies in the North Indian Ocean maintain to the El Ni?o decaying spring.Because of these different SST anomalies in the North Indian Ocean,distinct zonal SST gradient,atmospheric anticyclone and precipitation anomalies emerge over the Northwest Pacific in the El Ni?o decaying years.Specifically,the large-scale North Indian Ocean warm SST anomalies during the EPI-EL decaying years,can persist to summer and force anomalous updrafts and rainfall over the North Indian Ocean.The atmospheric heating caused by this precipitation anomaly emulates atmospheric Kelvin waves accompanied by low level easterly anomalies over the Northwest Pacific.As a result,a zonal SST gradient with a warm anomaly in the west and a cold anomaly in the east of Northwest Pacific is generated locally.Furthermore,the atmospheric anticyclone and precipitation anomalies over the Northwest Pacific are strengthened again in the decaying summer of EPI-EL.Af fected by the local WindEvaporation-SST(WES)positive feedback,the suppressed East Asian summer rainfall then persists to the late autumn during EPI-EL decaying year,which is much longer than that of CPI-EL.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2012CB955604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41205049 and 41275081)
文摘Using observational data and model simulations,the author find that the North Indian Ocean(NIO)sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies can trigger an eastward atmospheric Kelvin wave propagating into the equatorial western Pacific,inducing an anomalous anticyclone over the subtropical Northwest Pacific(NWP)and resulting in prominent summer climate anomalies in the East Asia-Northwest Pacific(EANWP)region.However,the response of tropospheric temperatures and atmospheric Kelvin waves to the South Indian Ocean(SIO)SST anomalies is weak;as a result,the impact of the SIO SST anomalies on the EANWP summer climate is weak.The contrasting impacts of NIO and SIO SST anomalies on the EANWP summer climate is possibly due to the different mean state of SSTs in the two regions.In summer,the climatological SSTs in the NIO are higher than in the SIO,leading to a stronger response of atmospheric convection to the NIO SST anomalies than to the SIO SST anomalies.Thus,compared with the SIO SST anomalies,the NIO SST anomalies can lead to stronger tropospheric air temperature anomalies and atmospheric Kelvin waves to affect the EANWP summer climate.
文摘单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch Per Unit Effort,CPUE)是资源评估的前提和基础,为了更好地评估西北印度洋鸢乌贼资源,采用广义加性模型(generalized additive model,GAM)对2016~2020年西北印度洋鸢乌贼的CPUE进行了标准化。结果显示,月份、海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)、海面高度(sea surface height,SSH)、经度和纬度对CPUE呈显著性影响,通过对不同GAM模型的AIC (Akaike information criterion)值比较,由月份、SST、SSH、经度和纬度5个因子构成的GAM模型为最优CPUE标准化模型,对CPUE偏差的解释率为40.3%。研究表明,西北印度洋鸢乌贼高CPUE主要出现在9月至翌年3月,海域范围为16°~19°N、60°~65°E,SST为25~28°C、SSH为0.2~0.4 m的海域内。整体而言,标准化CPUE低于名义CPUE,但二者的变化趋势基本一致。
文摘为探究西北印度洋鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)内壳的形态特性,利用2019年9—11月中国灯光罩网作业在西北印度洋海域采集的594尾鸢乌贼样本,通过内壳结构研究生长特性及不同性别间生长差异。主成分分析表明,内壳长(gladius length,GL)、翼长(vanes length,VL)、尾锥长(cones length,CL)、尾锥宽(greatest width of cones,GWC)和叶轴最大宽度(greatest width of proostracum,GWP)可作为描述西北印度洋鸢乌贼内壳外形变化的特征参数。协方差分析表明,除VL外所有特征参数与胴长(mantel length,ML)的生长关系均存在性别间显著性差异;所有特征参数与体重(body weight,BW)的生长关系也均存在性别间显著性差异。根据方程拟合与AIC(Akaike s Information Criterion)比较,内壳的参数与胴长和体重均具有显著相关性,可以用线性函数、幂函数、对数函数等表示。由于内壳参数测量相对于胴长测量误差小更准确,因此内壳参数可用于鸢乌贼生物学特性的研究。对比不同头足类内壳结构与胴体的函数关系的差异,可用内壳参数作为种群划分的参考,也为利用内壳结构研究鸢乌贼渔业生物学及资源评估提供了参考依据。
文摘This paper aims to demonstrate some characteristics of the 20-50 day oscillations of certain circulation systems in low latitudes during the northern summer seasons.The teleconnection between the variations of the Mascarene high and the Northwest Pacific high and its physical mechanism are studied.How the Mas- carene high plays an important role in the interaction between the atmospheric circulations of both hemispheres is discussed.
