In the restoration of degraded wetlands,fertilization can improve the vegetation-soil-microorganisms complex,thereby affecting the organic carbon content.However,it is currently unclear whether these effects are susta...In the restoration of degraded wetlands,fertilization can improve the vegetation-soil-microorganisms complex,thereby affecting the organic carbon content.However,it is currently unclear whether these effects are sustainable.This study employed Biolog-Eco surveys to investigate the changes in vegetation characteristics,soil physicochemical properties,and soil microbial functional diversity in degraded alpine wetlands of the source region of the Yellow River at 3 and 15 months after the application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and organic mixed fertilizer.The following results were obtained:The addition of nitrogen fertilizer and organic compost significantly affects the soil organic carbon content in degraded wetlands.Three months after fertilization,nitrogen addition increases soil organic carbon in both lightly and severely degraded wetlands,whereas after 15 months,organic compost enhanced the soil organic carbon level in severely degraded wetlands.Structural equation modeling indicates that fertilization decreases the soil pH and directly or indirectly influences the soil organic carbon levels through variations in the soil water content and the aboveground biomass of vegetation.Three months after fertilization,nitrogen fertilizer showed a direct positive effect on soil organic carbon.However,organic mixed fertilizer indirectly reduced soil organic carbon by increasing biomass and decreasing soil moisture.After 15 months,none of the fertilizers significantly affected the soil organic carbon level.In summary,it can be inferred that the addition of nitrogen fertilizer lacks sustainability in positively influencing the organic carbon content.展开更多
Biochar is widely used to improve soil physical properties and carbon sequestration. However, few studies focuse on the impact of maize stalk biochar on labile organic carbon(LOC) pool and the relationship between phy...Biochar is widely used to improve soil physical properties and carbon sequestration. However, few studies focuse on the impact of maize stalk biochar on labile organic carbon(LOC) pool and the relationship between physical properties and LOC fractions. A field positioning experiment was performed in Mollisols region of Northeast China to evaluate the influence of maize stalk biochar on the spatial distribution and temporal changes of physical properties and LOC fractions. Maize stalk biochar treatments included C1(1.5 kg·hm^(-2)), C2(3 kg·hm^(-2)), C3(15 kg·hm^(-2)), C4(30 kg·hm^(-2)), and CK(0). The results showed that maize stalk biochar increased soil water contents(SWC) and soil porosity(SP), but reduced bulk density(BD). Maize stalk biochar reduced dissolved organic carbon(DOC) contents in the 0-20 cm soil layer, ranging from 0.25 g·kg^(-1) to 0.31 g·kg^(-1) in harvest period, while increased in the 20-40 cm soil layer. In addition, the application of biochar had a significant impact on the spatial distribution and temporal change of SWC, BD, SP, DOC, hot-water extractable carbon(HWC), acid hydrolyzed organic carbon(AHC Ⅰ, Ⅱ), and readily oxidized organic carbon(ROC). High amounts of maize stalk biochar up-regulated the contents of soil organic carbon SOC, HWC, AHC Ⅰ, AHC Ⅱ, and ROC. In addition, SWC and SP were the key physical factors to affect LOC fractions. In conclusions, maize stalk biochar could improve physical properties, and then influence LOC fractions, and maize stalk biochar could be used as an organic amendment for restoring degraded soils governed by their rates of addition.展开更多
Objective： To evaluate the relation between argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region （AgNOR）-associated proteins and clinicopathological parameters and survival in non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： A t...Objective： To evaluate the relation between argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region （AgNOR）-associated proteins and clinicopathological parameters and survival in non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： A total of 207 surgical specimens diagnosed as NSCLC were included in this study. Double-staining procedures were performed using antigen Ki-67 （clone MIB-1） and silver nitrate by immunohistochemical and AgNOR-staining methods. Results： The AgNOR area in MIB-l-positive cells of NSCLC is related to clinicopathological parameters under the TNM （tumor, node, and metastasis） system. The survival of patients with small AgNOR area in MIB-1-positive cells is better than that of patients with large AgNOR area. Molecular, biological （AgNOR area in MIB-l-positive cells）, and clinicopathological （greatest tumor dimension, metastases to regional lymph nodes, histology, and differentiation） parameters are independent prognostic factors of NSCLC.Conclusion： The AgNOR area in MIB- 1-positive cells is related to clinicopathological parameters and survival in NSCLC.展开更多
The present work studied the application of AgNOR count to differential diagnosis between cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and cutaneous pseudolymphoma (CPL). Paraffin sections from 50 mycosis fungoides (22 MFI-Premyc...The present work studied the application of AgNOR count to differential diagnosis between cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and cutaneous pseudolymphoma (CPL). Paraffin sections from 50 mycosis fungoides (22 MFI-Premycotic stage, 24 MF Ⅰ infiltrative stage and 4 MF Ⅲ - tumor stage), 2 nonepidermotropic cutaneous T cell lymphoma (NECTCL) and 9 CPL were investigated. In each case, 200 cells randomly selected were examined using a × 100 oil immersion lens. The mean number, standard deviation and standard error of the mean of AgNOR counts were as follows: MFⅠ 1.17±0.09, SEM = 0.01; MⅡ 1.17±0.01, SEM = 0.01; MF Ⅲ. 3.55±0.87, SEM = 0.43; NECTCL 4.5±0.28, SEM -0.199; CPL 1.17±0.1, SEM ± 0.03. The results revealed a highly significant difference between CTCL (MFⅢ+NECTCL) and CPL (t = 4.75, P<0.001), tumor stage (MF Ⅲ) and pretumor stage (MFI, MF Ⅱ) of mycosis fungoides (t = 4.75, P<0.001). Thus. AgNOR count is valuable in differential diagnosis.展开更多
The argyrophil method for nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) known as the AgNor technique and mucin histochemical stain were applied to Investigate the dysplasia and cancaration in ulcerative colitis Including 58 cas...The argyrophil method for nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) known as the AgNor technique and mucin histochemical stain were applied to Investigate the dysplasia and cancaration in ulcerative colitis Including 58 cases of biopsy specimens and three cases operative specimens. The numbers of AgNOR have been gradully increased with the grades of dasplasls. Similarly the percentage of sialomucin having vicinal diols on side chain of sialic acid also gradully Increased with the grades of dysplasia. The AgNOR reflects rDNA transcriptional activity responsible for degrees of differentiation of cell. Epithelial cells secreting a heterogeneous mucin, could be taken as a signal of abnormal cellular differentiation. AgNOR and mucln chages might be assumed as a criteria In representing malignant transformation.展开更多
By using silver colloid staining technique,nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins(AgNORs)were studied quantatively in paraffin sections of 12 casesof polypoid adenomas,10 cases of villous adenomas,22 cases of ...By using silver colloid staining technique,nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins(AgNORs)were studied quantatively in paraffin sections of 12 casesof polypoid adenomas,10 cases of villous adenomas,22 cases of colonadenocarcinomas,and 10 cases of normal colonic mucosa as control.The resultsshowed that the mean number of AgNORs per nucleus in the villous adcnoma was similarto that of adenocaranoma,which significantly exceeded those of the normal mucosa andthe polypoid adenoma.The granules of AgNORs in adcnocarcinoma were much largerand more irregular in sizc and shape.It is suggested that benign villous adenoma is akind of lesion between polypoid adenoma and adenocarcinoma,and AgNOR techniquemay be very helpful in differential diagnosis of colon tumors.展开更多
This paper elaborates upon the purpose of macro economicroponalization and inter-provincial planning and coordination under thesocialist market system. It descnbes the characteristics and orgarnzationalforms of macro ...This paper elaborates upon the purpose of macro economicroponalization and inter-provincial planning and coordination under thesocialist market system. It descnbes the characteristics and orgarnzationalforms of macro economic regions and the principle of macro economic regionalization. The six macro economic regions-Northeast China, NorthChina, Northwest China, Middle-East China, Southwest China and South China-are divided in the paper. At the end, the paper describes somemajor programs, which requires cooperation among various involvedprovinces.展开更多
Organic carbon (OC) in definitely small area sediments(according to marine dimension)off the Huanghe River Estuary is investigated in order to evaluate the feature of regional difference of physical and chemical prope...Organic carbon (OC) in definitely small area sediments(according to marine dimension)off the Huanghe River Estuary is investigated in order to evaluate the feature of regional difference of physical and chemical properties in marginal sea sediments.The distributions of OC in sediments with natural grain size and the relationship with the pH,Eh ,Es and Fe3+/Fe2+ are discussed.In addition,OC decomposition rates in surfacial/subsurfacial sediments are estimated.OC concentrations range from 0.26% to 1.8%(wt)in the study area. Significant differences in OC content and in horizontal distribution as well as various trends in surfacial /subsurfacial sediments exhibit the feature of regional difference remarkably in marginal sea sediments. The complicated distribution of OC in surface sediments is due to the influence of bacterial activity and abundance, bioturbation of benthos and physical disturbance. The OC decomposition rate constant in surfacial /subsurfacial sediments ranges from 0.009 7 to 0.076 a-1 and the relatively high values may be mainly related to bacteria that are mainly responsible for OC mineralization;meio-and macrofauna affect OC degradation both directly, through feeding on it, and indirectly through bioturbation and at the same time coarse sediments are also disadvantageous to OC preservation.In almost all the middle and bottom sediments the contents of OC decrease with the increase of deposition depth, which indicates that mineralization of OC in the middle and bottom sediments has occurred via processes like SO reduction and Fe-oxide reduction.展开更多
The microscopic investigation of the floral development of sweet cherry（Prunus avium L. cv. Hongdeng） from a warm winter climate（Shanghai） and cold winter climate（Tai＇an, Shandong Province, China） was conducted...The microscopic investigation of the floral development of sweet cherry（Prunus avium L. cv. Hongdeng） from a warm winter climate（Shanghai） and cold winter climate（Tai＇an, Shandong Province, China） was conducted to explore the reason of low fruit set. The effect of hydrogen cyanamide（HCN） on floral development under warm winter conditions was also investigated. Trees grown in Shanghai with insufficient chilling accumulation exhibited little difference in the progression of microspore development compared to trees in Tai＇an that accumulated adequate chilling, but showed substantial delays in ovule and embryo sac development. The growth of nucelli did not proceed beyond the macrospore mother cell and macrospore stages with abortion rates of 13, 15 and 45% by 6, 3 and 0 d before full bloom, respectively. These abnormalities in the ovule and embryo sac in the Shanghai-grown trees were eliminated by HCN application. These results suggest that chilling regulates the development of female floral organs in winter dormancy; therefore, insufficient chilling accumulation, causing abnormality of the female floral organs, restricts the cultivation of sweet cherry in warm winter regions. Interestingly, HCN application, which decreased the chilling requirements for Hongdeng, may be a potential strategy for sweet cherry cultivation in warm winter regions.展开更多
The Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi and the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi shales are the major targets for shale gas exploration and development in China.Although the two organic-rich shales share similar ...The Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi and the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi shales are the major targets for shale gas exploration and development in China.Although the two organic-rich shales share similar distribution ranges and thicknesses,they exhibit substantially different exploration and development results.This work analyzed the nanopore structures of the shale reservoirs in this region.Pore development of 51 shale samples collected from various formations and locations was compared using the petromineralogical,geochemical,structural geological and reservoir geological methods.The results indicate that the reservoir space in these shales is dominated by organic pores and the total pore volume of micropores,mesopores,macropores in different tectonic areas and formations show different trends with the increase of TOC.It is suggested that organic pores of shale can be well preserved in areas with simple structure and suitable preservation conditions,and the shale with smaller maximum ancient burial depth and later hydrocarbongeneration-end-time is also more conducive to pore preservation.Organic pore evolution models are established,and they are as follows:①Organic matter pore development stage,②Early stage of organic matter pore destruction,and③late stage of organic matter pore destruction.The areas conducive to pore development are favorable for shale gas development.Research results can effectively guide the optimization and evaluation of favorable areas of shale gas.展开更多
Study on the regional characteristics of soil organic carbon （SOC） density in farmland will not only contribute greatly to the technique of soil productivity enhancement, but also give evidences of technique selecti...Study on the regional characteristics of soil organic carbon （SOC） density in farmland will not only contribute greatly to the technique of soil productivity enhancement, but also give evidences of technique selection and policy making for carbon sequestration in soils. Based on the second national soil survey of China, the situation of SOC density in the plow layer of farmland was analyzed under different land use patterns. Results showed that SOC density in the plow layer was about 3.15 kg m^-2 in average ranging from 0.81 to 12.68 kg m^-2. The highest density was found in the southeastern region with an average of 3.63 kg ma, while the lowest occurring in the northwestern region with an average of 3.00 kg m^-2. The variation coefficient of SOC density in the plow layer of farmland was 57%, which was 35% lower than that of non-farmland soils. Compared to SOC density in the dry land, SOC density in paddy soils was 13% higher with a lower variation coefficient between different regions. In addition, the relationships between the climatic factors （annual average temperature and precipitation） and SOC density were lower in farmland than those in non-farmland soils, as well as lower in paddy soils than those in dry land of farmland. These results suggest that anthropogenic disturbances have great impacts on SOC density in farmland soils, especially in paddy soils, indicating that Chinese rice cropping may contribute greatly to the SOC stability and sequestration in paddy field.展开更多
Marine strata are widely exposed in the Hushan and Chaohu areas, Lower Yangtze region. As biomarker geochemistry of the strata has not been well documented, this paper deals with the biomarker composition of represent...Marine strata are widely exposed in the Hushan and Chaohu areas, Lower Yangtze region. As biomarker geochemistry of the strata has not been well documented, this paper deals with the biomarker composition of representative samples collected from the Silurian, Carboniferous and Triassic systems and their geological implications, thus providing clues to marine organic matter. On the basis of experimental results, it is shown that abundant biomarkers (e.g. n-alkanes, isoprenoids, terpanes and steranes) were detected. As organic matter in the strata is highly to over mature in general based on petrologic microobservation, some biomarkers (mainly n-alkanes) except terpanes and steranes cannot reflect the source, depositional environment and maturity of organic matter. Thus, primarily based on analyses of the terpanes and steranes, it is suggested that organic matter in the Silurian and Carboniferous strata is derived mainly from lower organisms, while higher plants are predominant in the Triassic organic matter. This further indicates that the depositional environment may have transformed from the marine to continental facies in the Late Triassic. These results provide new evidence for the study of regional depositional evolution, and have enriched the study of biological composition of organic matter. In addition, the biomarker geochemistry of organic matter at high to over maturation stage is addressed.展开更多
Objective:To improve the knowledge on the metabolite profile of five red grapes from D?o region(Portugal),concerning to the phenolic characteristics(coloured and non-coloured phenolics) and organic acid composition.Me...Objective:To improve the knowledge on the metabolite profile of five red grapes from D?o region(Portugal),concerning to the phenolic characteristics(coloured and non-coloured phenolics) and organic acid composition.Methods:Five red grapes collected from D?o region were studied.The profiles of phenolic compounds and organic acids were estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detector,respectively.Results:Totally 24 phenolic compounds were identified,and distributed by several classes:8 anthocyanins,1 hydroxybenzoic acid,4 hydroxycinnamic acids,1 stilbene,4flavan-3-ols,6 flavonols.Additionally,10 organic acids were detected in all samples.Total contents of each phenolic class and organic acids amounts varied significantly among the different grape cultivars investigated.The principal components analysis differentiates the Touriga Nacional from the other varieties due to their high contents in anthocyanins,non-coloured phenolics and organic acids.Touriga Nacional is an important red grape cultivar,highly esteemed in D?o region for its ability to produce high quality wines.Conclusions:The results suggest that the red grapes from D?o region present a good composition in bioactive compounds,being important for the production of wines with superior quality.展开更多
The bioclimatic regularities between the average annual precipitation,average annual temperatures and the density of organic carbon in the soil layer of 0-30 cm of the steppes in the regions of the world are given.The...The bioclimatic regularities between the average annual precipitation,average annual temperatures and the density of organic carbon in the soil layer of 0-30 cm of the steppes in the regions of the world are given.They are distinguished by a high certainty of quantization by asymmetric wave equations.It turned out that,due to the vibrational adaptation of organic carbon,precipitation and temperature are dependent on each other.For example,the model of the influence of precipitation on temperature includes the first term in the form of Laplace’s law(in mathematics),Mandelbrot’law(in physics),Zipf-Perl(in biology),and Pareto(in econometrics).The second term is the biotechnical law of the author of the article,which gives the maximum change in the indicator.Both components form a trend that makes it possible to divide the precipitation interval into three stages:(1)with an increase in precipitation from 0 to 60 mm,the temperature decreases according to Mandelbrot’s law from 23.25 to 0.50С;(2)from 60 to 2100 mm,the temperature rises to 24℃;(3)with a further increase in precipitation over 2100 mm,a slow decrease in temperature occurs.The third term is an asymmetric wavelet with a constant half-period of 367.8 mm.A positive sign shows that in the steppes there is a positive oscillatory adaptation of temperature to changes in precipitation.In the interval of precipitation 0-350 mm,an oscillatory decrease in temperature occurs.It turns out that the first oscillation at 0 mm precipitation begins with a very high temperature gradient of thermal energy.The first interval includes Mongolia and Inner Mongolia.In the second interval of 350-750 mm,an oscillatory increase in temperature occurs.Then,in the third interval 750-1050 mm,the temperature drops again.The second oscillation with a correlation coefficient of 0.9685 has clear precipitation boundaries in the range of 200-2000 mm.Due to the negative sign,the fluctuation is a crisis,inhibiting the rise in temperature.And the third fluctuation has a positive effect on the temperature.The mechanism of oscillatory adaptation in the steppe soil is so perfect that it changes for itself the conditions of the place where the grass grows.An amplitude-frequency analysis of each oscillation will make it possible to determine the specific particular effects of precipitation and temperature on each other and on the density of organic carbon.It was found that two-factor modeling of the change in the soil organic carbon density makes it possible to achieve an identification error even less than the absolute measurement error.展开更多
Xenopus organizer specific gene Noggin possessesnearly all the characterestic properties of the action of or-ganizer to specify the embryonic body axis. To analyzehow the maternal inherited factors cofltrol its expres...Xenopus organizer specific gene Noggin possessesnearly all the characterestic properties of the action of or-ganizer to specify the embryonic body axis. To analyzehow the maternal inherited factors cofltrol its expressionpattern, we cloned the 5’ regulatory region of noggn gene.The 1.5 kb upstream sequense could direct reporter geneto express in vivo and data from deletion analysis indi-cated that a 229 base pair fragmet is essential for acti-vating noggn expression. We further demonstrated thatthe response elements within this regulatory region wereindeed under the control of growth factor activin and Wntsignaling pathway components.展开更多
Taking agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions as research object,on the basis of analysis of the status quo of agricultural organization development in China's southwestern mount...Taking agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions as research object,on the basis of analysis of the status quo of agricultural organization development in China's southwestern mountainous regions,we use related theoretical knowledge on economics and organization science,we probe into the process of innovation and mechanism of action concerning the structure of agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions over the past 30 years.Finally we draw several general conclusions regarding structure innovation of agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions as follows:first,the structure innovation of agricultural organization,a gradual process,proceeds ceaselessly along with ongoing progress and development of agriculture,and in this process,farmers always play a fundamental role;second,the structure innovation of agricultural organization is affected by many factors,and government institutional arrangement and change in market conditions is undoubtedly the most critical factor;third,the probable evolving direction of structure innovation of agricultural organization includes internal differentiation of the same form of agricultural organization,association of different forms of agricultural organization,and emergence of other forms of agricultural organization.展开更多
Based on the spatial organizational structures of the provincial border-regions (a border-region is one which borders two or more independent administrative regions), we build a spatial economic model for N-provincia...Based on the spatial organizational structures of the provincial border-regions (a border-region is one which borders two or more independent administrative regions), we build a spatial economic model for N-provincial border-regions (a N-p border-region is one which is under the jurisdiction of N provincial governments) and find that, for a given region with same geographical condition and resources endowment, the largest output of a N-p border-regional system will not exceed that ofa (N-1)-p border-regional system, i.e., F. Using the model in this paper, we present a quantitative method to calculate the economic impacts of 'provincial borders' and apply it to the border-region of Shanxi, Hebei, Shangdong, and Henan provinces. The result shows that the economic potential in the border-region hasnot been efficiently exploited and that the annual gross agricultural products have decreased by 10.4% due to the 4-p borders.展开更多
Morocco wants its 12 regions to play the role as the main lever of its public policies to initiate harmonized spatial multidimensional development. In the context of this goal and Morocco’s openness over the past two...Morocco wants its 12 regions to play the role as the main lever of its public policies to initiate harmonized spatial multidimensional development. In the context of this goal and Morocco’s openness over the past two decades to bilateral and multilateral cooperation in an effort toward regional integration, this article studies the convergence of 389 regions in 36 countries(Morocco and 35 of its partner member countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)) between 2000 and 2019 in terms of well-being. To this end, we considered the territorial dimension of β-convergence models for well-being and its four domains(economic, social, environmental, and governance). Then, we adapted the absolute β-convergence model by taking into account the existence of spatial heterogeneity according to five specifications of spatial models. Thus, apart from environmental domain, we found that β-convergence of regions is significant for well-being and three of its domains(economic, social, and governance). These convergences are made by a spatially autocorrelated error model(SEM). However, the speed and period of convergence are relatively low for social domain, partly explaining the very exacerbated tensions at the territorial level. The fastest convergence was achieved in governance domain, followed by economic domain. This suggests that emerging countries must pay particular attention to national public action in favor of social cohesion at the territorial level. The lack of convergence in environmental domain calls for common actions for all countries at the supranational level to protect the commons at the territorial level.展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundations of China(32160269)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Qinghai province of China(2022-HZ-817).
文摘In the restoration of degraded wetlands,fertilization can improve the vegetation-soil-microorganisms complex,thereby affecting the organic carbon content.However,it is currently unclear whether these effects are sustainable.This study employed Biolog-Eco surveys to investigate the changes in vegetation characteristics,soil physicochemical properties,and soil microbial functional diversity in degraded alpine wetlands of the source region of the Yellow River at 3 and 15 months after the application of nitrogen,phosphorus,and organic mixed fertilizer.The following results were obtained:The addition of nitrogen fertilizer and organic compost significantly affects the soil organic carbon content in degraded wetlands.Three months after fertilization,nitrogen addition increases soil organic carbon in both lightly and severely degraded wetlands,whereas after 15 months,organic compost enhanced the soil organic carbon level in severely degraded wetlands.Structural equation modeling indicates that fertilization decreases the soil pH and directly or indirectly influences the soil organic carbon levels through variations in the soil water content and the aboveground biomass of vegetation.Three months after fertilization,nitrogen fertilizer showed a direct positive effect on soil organic carbon.However,organic mixed fertilizer indirectly reduced soil organic carbon by increasing biomass and decreasing soil moisture.After 15 months,none of the fertilizers significantly affected the soil organic carbon level.In summary,it can be inferred that the addition of nitrogen fertilizer lacks sustainability in positively influencing the organic carbon content.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(31770582)。
文摘Biochar is widely used to improve soil physical properties and carbon sequestration. However, few studies focuse on the impact of maize stalk biochar on labile organic carbon(LOC) pool and the relationship between physical properties and LOC fractions. A field positioning experiment was performed in Mollisols region of Northeast China to evaluate the influence of maize stalk biochar on the spatial distribution and temporal changes of physical properties and LOC fractions. Maize stalk biochar treatments included C1(1.5 kg·hm^(-2)), C2(3 kg·hm^(-2)), C3(15 kg·hm^(-2)), C4(30 kg·hm^(-2)), and CK(0). The results showed that maize stalk biochar increased soil water contents(SWC) and soil porosity(SP), but reduced bulk density(BD). Maize stalk biochar reduced dissolved organic carbon(DOC) contents in the 0-20 cm soil layer, ranging from 0.25 g·kg^(-1) to 0.31 g·kg^(-1) in harvest period, while increased in the 20-40 cm soil layer. In addition, the application of biochar had a significant impact on the spatial distribution and temporal change of SWC, BD, SP, DOC, hot-water extractable carbon(HWC), acid hydrolyzed organic carbon(AHC Ⅰ, Ⅱ), and readily oxidized organic carbon(ROC). High amounts of maize stalk biochar up-regulated the contents of soil organic carbon SOC, HWC, AHC Ⅰ, AHC Ⅱ, and ROC. In addition, SWC and SP were the key physical factors to affect LOC fractions. In conclusions, maize stalk biochar could improve physical properties, and then influence LOC fractions, and maize stalk biochar could be used as an organic amendment for restoring degraded soils governed by their rates of addition.
文摘Objective： To evaluate the relation between argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region （AgNOR）-associated proteins and clinicopathological parameters and survival in non-small-cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods： A total of 207 surgical specimens diagnosed as NSCLC were included in this study. Double-staining procedures were performed using antigen Ki-67 （clone MIB-1） and silver nitrate by immunohistochemical and AgNOR-staining methods. Results： The AgNOR area in MIB-l-positive cells of NSCLC is related to clinicopathological parameters under the TNM （tumor, node, and metastasis） system. The survival of patients with small AgNOR area in MIB-1-positive cells is better than that of patients with large AgNOR area. Molecular, biological （AgNOR area in MIB-l-positive cells）, and clinicopathological （greatest tumor dimension, metastases to regional lymph nodes, histology, and differentiation） parameters are independent prognostic factors of NSCLC.Conclusion： The AgNOR area in MIB- 1-positive cells is related to clinicopathological parameters and survival in NSCLC.
文摘The present work studied the application of AgNOR count to differential diagnosis between cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and cutaneous pseudolymphoma (CPL). Paraffin sections from 50 mycosis fungoides (22 MFI-Premycotic stage, 24 MF Ⅰ infiltrative stage and 4 MF Ⅲ - tumor stage), 2 nonepidermotropic cutaneous T cell lymphoma (NECTCL) and 9 CPL were investigated. In each case, 200 cells randomly selected were examined using a × 100 oil immersion lens. The mean number, standard deviation and standard error of the mean of AgNOR counts were as follows: MFⅠ 1.17±0.09, SEM = 0.01; MⅡ 1.17±0.01, SEM = 0.01; MF Ⅲ. 3.55±0.87, SEM = 0.43; NECTCL 4.5±0.28, SEM -0.199; CPL 1.17±0.1, SEM ± 0.03. The results revealed a highly significant difference between CTCL (MFⅢ+NECTCL) and CPL (t = 4.75, P<0.001), tumor stage (MF Ⅲ) and pretumor stage (MFI, MF Ⅱ) of mycosis fungoides (t = 4.75, P<0.001). Thus. AgNOR count is valuable in differential diagnosis.
文摘The argyrophil method for nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) known as the AgNor technique and mucin histochemical stain were applied to Investigate the dysplasia and cancaration in ulcerative colitis Including 58 cases of biopsy specimens and three cases operative specimens. The numbers of AgNOR have been gradully increased with the grades of dasplasls. Similarly the percentage of sialomucin having vicinal diols on side chain of sialic acid also gradully Increased with the grades of dysplasia. The AgNOR reflects rDNA transcriptional activity responsible for degrees of differentiation of cell. Epithelial cells secreting a heterogeneous mucin, could be taken as a signal of abnormal cellular differentiation. AgNOR and mucln chages might be assumed as a criteria In representing malignant transformation.
文摘By using silver colloid staining technique,nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins(AgNORs)were studied quantatively in paraffin sections of 12 casesof polypoid adenomas,10 cases of villous adenomas,22 cases of colonadenocarcinomas,and 10 cases of normal colonic mucosa as control.The resultsshowed that the mean number of AgNORs per nucleus in the villous adcnoma was similarto that of adenocaranoma,which significantly exceeded those of the normal mucosa andthe polypoid adenoma.The granules of AgNORs in adcnocarcinoma were much largerand more irregular in sizc and shape.It is suggested that benign villous adenoma is akind of lesion between polypoid adenoma and adenocarcinoma,and AgNOR techniquemay be very helpful in differential diagnosis of colon tumors.
文摘This paper elaborates upon the purpose of macro economicroponalization and inter-provincial planning and coordination under thesocialist market system. It descnbes the characteristics and orgarnzationalforms of macro economic regions and the principle of macro economic regionalization. The six macro economic regions-Northeast China, NorthChina, Northwest China, Middle-East China, Southwest China and South China-are divided in the paper. At the end, the paper describes somemajor programs, which requires cooperation among various involvedprovinces.
基金the"100 Talents Project"of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Knowl-edge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No.KZCX1-SW-01-08 the National Scicnce Foundation for Outstanding YoungScientists under contrast No.49925614.
文摘Organic carbon (OC) in definitely small area sediments(according to marine dimension)off the Huanghe River Estuary is investigated in order to evaluate the feature of regional difference of physical and chemical properties in marginal sea sediments.The distributions of OC in sediments with natural grain size and the relationship with the pH,Eh ,Es and Fe3+/Fe2+ are discussed.In addition,OC decomposition rates in surfacial/subsurfacial sediments are estimated.OC concentrations range from 0.26% to 1.8%(wt)in the study area. Significant differences in OC content and in horizontal distribution as well as various trends in surfacial /subsurfacial sediments exhibit the feature of regional difference remarkably in marginal sea sediments. The complicated distribution of OC in surface sediments is due to the influence of bacterial activity and abundance, bioturbation of benthos and physical disturbance. The OC decomposition rate constant in surfacial /subsurfacial sediments ranges from 0.009 7 to 0.076 a-1 and the relatively high values may be mainly related to bacteria that are mainly responsible for OC mineralization;meio-and macrofauna affect OC degradation both directly, through feeding on it, and indirectly through bioturbation and at the same time coarse sediments are also disadvantageous to OC preservation.In almost all the middle and bottom sediments the contents of OC decrease with the increase of deposition depth, which indicates that mineralization of OC in the middle and bottom sediments has occurred via processes like SO reduction and Fe-oxide reduction.
基金supported by grants from the 948 Project of the Ministry of Agriculture of China(2013-Z23)the Shanghai Municipal Science Commission of China(10391900100)
文摘The microscopic investigation of the floral development of sweet cherry（Prunus avium L. cv. Hongdeng） from a warm winter climate（Shanghai） and cold winter climate（Tai＇an, Shandong Province, China） was conducted to explore the reason of low fruit set. The effect of hydrogen cyanamide（HCN） on floral development under warm winter conditions was also investigated. Trees grown in Shanghai with insufficient chilling accumulation exhibited little difference in the progression of microspore development compared to trees in Tai＇an that accumulated adequate chilling, but showed substantial delays in ovule and embryo sac development. The growth of nucelli did not proceed beyond the macrospore mother cell and macrospore stages with abortion rates of 13, 15 and 45% by 6, 3 and 0 d before full bloom, respectively. These abnormalities in the ovule and embryo sac in the Shanghai-grown trees were eliminated by HCN application. These results suggest that chilling regulates the development of female floral organs in winter dormancy; therefore, insufficient chilling accumulation, causing abnormality of the female floral organs, restricts the cultivation of sweet cherry in warm winter regions. Interestingly, HCN application, which decreased the chilling requirements for Hongdeng, may be a potential strategy for sweet cherry cultivation in warm winter regions.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2017ZX05035)
文摘The Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi and the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi shales are the major targets for shale gas exploration and development in China.Although the two organic-rich shales share similar distribution ranges and thicknesses,they exhibit substantially different exploration and development results.This work analyzed the nanopore structures of the shale reservoirs in this region.Pore development of 51 shale samples collected from various formations and locations was compared using the petromineralogical,geochemical,structural geological and reservoir geological methods.The results indicate that the reservoir space in these shales is dominated by organic pores and the total pore volume of micropores,mesopores,macropores in different tectonic areas and formations show different trends with the increase of TOC.It is suggested that organic pores of shale can be well preserved in areas with simple structure and suitable preservation conditions,and the shale with smaller maximum ancient burial depth and later hydrocarbongeneration-end-time is also more conducive to pore preservation.Organic pore evolution models are established,and they are as follows:①Organic matter pore development stage,②Early stage of organic matter pore destruction,and③late stage of organic matter pore destruction.The areas conducive to pore development are favorable for shale gas development.Research results can effectively guide the optimization and evaluation of favorable areas of shale gas.
基金The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30571094） New Century Excellent Talents in University （NCET-05-0492）the National Key Technologies R＆D Program of China During the llth Five-Year Plan Period （2006BAD15B02, 2006BAD02A15）.
文摘Study on the regional characteristics of soil organic carbon （SOC） density in farmland will not only contribute greatly to the technique of soil productivity enhancement, but also give evidences of technique selection and policy making for carbon sequestration in soils. Based on the second national soil survey of China, the situation of SOC density in the plow layer of farmland was analyzed under different land use patterns. Results showed that SOC density in the plow layer was about 3.15 kg m^-2 in average ranging from 0.81 to 12.68 kg m^-2. The highest density was found in the southeastern region with an average of 3.63 kg ma, while the lowest occurring in the northwestern region with an average of 3.00 kg m^-2. The variation coefficient of SOC density in the plow layer of farmland was 57%, which was 35% lower than that of non-farmland soils. Compared to SOC density in the dry land, SOC density in paddy soils was 13% higher with a lower variation coefficient between different regions. In addition, the relationships between the climatic factors （annual average temperature and precipitation） and SOC density were lower in farmland than those in non-farmland soils, as well as lower in paddy soils than those in dry land of farmland. These results suggest that anthropogenic disturbances have great impacts on SOC density in farmland soils, especially in paddy soils, indicating that Chinese rice cropping may contribute greatly to the SOC stability and sequestration in paddy field.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41072090 and 40872086)the Undergraduate Innovation Program of Nanjing Universitythe Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education (Grant No. TPR-2010-26)
文摘Marine strata are widely exposed in the Hushan and Chaohu areas, Lower Yangtze region. As biomarker geochemistry of the strata has not been well documented, this paper deals with the biomarker composition of representative samples collected from the Silurian, Carboniferous and Triassic systems and their geological implications, thus providing clues to marine organic matter. On the basis of experimental results, it is shown that abundant biomarkers (e.g. n-alkanes, isoprenoids, terpanes and steranes) were detected. As organic matter in the strata is highly to over mature in general based on petrologic microobservation, some biomarkers (mainly n-alkanes) except terpanes and steranes cannot reflect the source, depositional environment and maturity of organic matter. Thus, primarily based on analyses of the terpanes and steranes, it is suggested that organic matter in the Silurian and Carboniferous strata is derived mainly from lower organisms, while higher plants are predominant in the Triassic organic matter. This further indicates that the depositional environment may have transformed from the marine to continental facies in the Late Triassic. These results provide new evidence for the study of regional depositional evolution, and have enriched the study of biological composition of organic matter. In addition, the biomarker geochemistry of organic matter at high to over maturation stage is addressed.
基金Supported by the European Union(FEDER funds through COMPETE)National Funds(FCT,Fundacao para a Cieencia e Tecnologia)through project Pest-C/EQB/LA0006/2013+1 种基金the European Union(FEDER funds)under the framework of QREN through Project NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000069FCT the financial support for the Post-doc grant(SFRH/BPD/105263/2014)
文摘Objective:To improve the knowledge on the metabolite profile of five red grapes from D?o region(Portugal),concerning to the phenolic characteristics(coloured and non-coloured phenolics) and organic acid composition.Methods:Five red grapes collected from D?o region were studied.The profiles of phenolic compounds and organic acids were estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detector,respectively.Results:Totally 24 phenolic compounds were identified,and distributed by several classes:8 anthocyanins,1 hydroxybenzoic acid,4 hydroxycinnamic acids,1 stilbene,4flavan-3-ols,6 flavonols.Additionally,10 organic acids were detected in all samples.Total contents of each phenolic class and organic acids amounts varied significantly among the different grape cultivars investigated.The principal components analysis differentiates the Touriga Nacional from the other varieties due to their high contents in anthocyanins,non-coloured phenolics and organic acids.Touriga Nacional is an important red grape cultivar,highly esteemed in D?o region for its ability to produce high quality wines.Conclusions:The results suggest that the red grapes from D?o region present a good composition in bioactive compounds,being important for the production of wines with superior quality.
文摘The bioclimatic regularities between the average annual precipitation,average annual temperatures and the density of organic carbon in the soil layer of 0-30 cm of the steppes in the regions of the world are given.They are distinguished by a high certainty of quantization by asymmetric wave equations.It turned out that,due to the vibrational adaptation of organic carbon,precipitation and temperature are dependent on each other.For example,the model of the influence of precipitation on temperature includes the first term in the form of Laplace’s law(in mathematics),Mandelbrot’law(in physics),Zipf-Perl(in biology),and Pareto(in econometrics).The second term is the biotechnical law of the author of the article,which gives the maximum change in the indicator.Both components form a trend that makes it possible to divide the precipitation interval into three stages:(1)with an increase in precipitation from 0 to 60 mm,the temperature decreases according to Mandelbrot’s law from 23.25 to 0.50С;(2)from 60 to 2100 mm,the temperature rises to 24℃;(3)with a further increase in precipitation over 2100 mm,a slow decrease in temperature occurs.The third term is an asymmetric wavelet with a constant half-period of 367.8 mm.A positive sign shows that in the steppes there is a positive oscillatory adaptation of temperature to changes in precipitation.In the interval of precipitation 0-350 mm,an oscillatory decrease in temperature occurs.It turns out that the first oscillation at 0 mm precipitation begins with a very high temperature gradient of thermal energy.The first interval includes Mongolia and Inner Mongolia.In the second interval of 350-750 mm,an oscillatory increase in temperature occurs.Then,in the third interval 750-1050 mm,the temperature drops again.The second oscillation with a correlation coefficient of 0.9685 has clear precipitation boundaries in the range of 200-2000 mm.Due to the negative sign,the fluctuation is a crisis,inhibiting the rise in temperature.And the third fluctuation has a positive effect on the temperature.The mechanism of oscillatory adaptation in the steppe soil is so perfect that it changes for itself the conditions of the place where the grass grows.An amplitude-frequency analysis of each oscillation will make it possible to determine the specific particular effects of precipitation and temperature on each other and on the density of organic carbon.It was found that two-factor modeling of the change in the soil organic carbon density makes it possible to achieve an identification error even less than the absolute measurement error.
文摘Xenopus organizer specific gene Noggin possessesnearly all the characterestic properties of the action of or-ganizer to specify the embryonic body axis. To analyzehow the maternal inherited factors cofltrol its expressionpattern, we cloned the 5’ regulatory region of noggn gene.The 1.5 kb upstream sequense could direct reporter geneto express in vivo and data from deletion analysis indi-cated that a 229 base pair fragmet is essential for acti-vating noggn expression. We further demonstrated thatthe response elements within this regulatory region wereindeed under the control of growth factor activin and Wntsignaling pathway components.
基金Supported by the 2010 Planning Project in Research Center of Development Ability of the West Regions in China (XNSDX01-003)Graduates Innovation Foundation in Guizhou University (2011045)The 2010 Research Project in Development Strategy Research Center in Karst Regions (KSTX01-002)
文摘Taking agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions as research object,on the basis of analysis of the status quo of agricultural organization development in China's southwestern mountainous regions,we use related theoretical knowledge on economics and organization science,we probe into the process of innovation and mechanism of action concerning the structure of agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions over the past 30 years.Finally we draw several general conclusions regarding structure innovation of agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions as follows:first,the structure innovation of agricultural organization,a gradual process,proceeds ceaselessly along with ongoing progress and development of agriculture,and in this process,farmers always play a fundamental role;second,the structure innovation of agricultural organization is affected by many factors,and government institutional arrangement and change in market conditions is undoubtedly the most critical factor;third,the probable evolving direction of structure innovation of agricultural organization includes internal differentiation of the same form of agricultural organization,association of different forms of agricultural organization,and emergence of other forms of agricultural organization.
文摘Based on the spatial organizational structures of the provincial border-regions (a border-region is one which borders two or more independent administrative regions), we build a spatial economic model for N-provincial border-regions (a N-p border-region is one which is under the jurisdiction of N provincial governments) and find that, for a given region with same geographical condition and resources endowment, the largest output of a N-p border-regional system will not exceed that ofa (N-1)-p border-regional system, i.e., F. Using the model in this paper, we present a quantitative method to calculate the economic impacts of 'provincial borders' and apply it to the border-region of Shanxi, Hebei, Shangdong, and Henan provinces. The result shows that the economic potential in the border-region hasnot been efficiently exploited and that the annual gross agricultural products have decreased by 10.4% due to the 4-p borders.
文摘Morocco wants its 12 regions to play the role as the main lever of its public policies to initiate harmonized spatial multidimensional development. In the context of this goal and Morocco’s openness over the past two decades to bilateral and multilateral cooperation in an effort toward regional integration, this article studies the convergence of 389 regions in 36 countries(Morocco and 35 of its partner member countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)) between 2000 and 2019 in terms of well-being. To this end, we considered the territorial dimension of β-convergence models for well-being and its four domains(economic, social, environmental, and governance). Then, we adapted the absolute β-convergence model by taking into account the existence of spatial heterogeneity according to five specifications of spatial models. Thus, apart from environmental domain, we found that β-convergence of regions is significant for well-being and three of its domains(economic, social, and governance). These convergences are made by a spatially autocorrelated error model(SEM). However, the speed and period of convergence are relatively low for social domain, partly explaining the very exacerbated tensions at the territorial level. The fastest convergence was achieved in governance domain, followed by economic domain. This suggests that emerging countries must pay particular attention to national public action in favor of social cohesion at the territorial level. The lack of convergence in environmental domain calls for common actions for all countries at the supranational level to protect the commons at the territorial level.
