BACKGROUND Sepsis exacerbates intestinal microecological disorders leading to poor prognosis.Proper modalities of nutritional support can improve nutrition,immunity,and intestinal microecology.AIM To identify the opti...BACKGROUND Sepsis exacerbates intestinal microecological disorders leading to poor prognosis.Proper modalities of nutritional support can improve nutrition,immunity,and intestinal microecology.AIM To identify the optimal modality of early nutritional support for patients with sepsis from the perspective of intestinal microecology.METHODS Thirty patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University,China,between 2019 and 2021 with indications for nutritional support,were randomly assigned to one of three different modalities of nutritional support for a total of 5 d:Total enteral nutrition(TEN group),total parenteral nutrition(TPN group),and supplemental parenteral nutrition(SPN group).Blood and stool specimens were collected before and after nutritional support,and changes in gut microbiota,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and immune and nutritional indicators were detected and compared among the three groups.RESULTS In comparison with before nutritional support,the three groups after nutritional support presented:(1)Differences in the gut bacteria(Enterococcus increased in the TEN group,Campylobacter decreased in the TPN group,and Dialister decreased in the SPN group;all P<0.05);(2)different trends in SCFAs(the TEN group showed improvement except for Caproic acid,the TPN group showed improvement only for acetic and propionic acid,and the SPN group showed a decreasing trend);(3)significant improvement of the nutritional and immunological indicators in the TEN and SPN groups,while only immunoglobulin G improved in the TPN group(all P<0.05);and(4)a significant correlation was found between the gut bacteria,SCFAs,and nutritional and immunological indicators(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION TEN is recommended as the preferred mode of early nutritional support in sepsis based on clinical nutritional and immunological indicators,as well as changes in intestinal microecology.展开更多
Objective We analysed the impact of home nutritional interventions on the nutritional risk and the incidence and severity of malnutrition in patients with malignancy.Methods In this prospective interventional study,we...Objective We analysed the impact of home nutritional interventions on the nutritional risk and the incidence and severity of malnutrition in patients with malignancy.Methods In this prospective interventional study,we recruited 60 patients with malignancy who were at nutritional risk(NRS 2002≥3 scores).These patients were given home enteral nutritional supplementation(HES)for 3 months.The HES included nutritional counselling,oral nutritional supplements(ONS)and tube feeding.The incidence and severity of nutritional risk and malnutrition,as well as the body composition and results of routine blood tests,were compared before and after the intervention.Results A total of 58 patients completed the study.After three months of home enteral nutritional intervention,the incidence and severity of nutritional risk and malnutrition were significantly reduced(the NRS 2002 score was reduced from 3 to 1,the PG-SGA score was reduced from 8.00 to 3.00,P<0.05).The patients’body mass index(BMI)and upper arm circumference increased(P<0.05),the muscle mass,appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI)and phase angle(PA)increased(P<0.05).The serum albumin,pre-albumin and haemoglobin levels increased significantly,while the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and platelet/lymphocyte ratio(PLR)decreased significantly(P<0.05).The incidence of hypoproteinaemia and anaemia also decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion HES can effectively improve the nutritional status of patients and reduce the risk and severity of malnutrition.展开更多
performed independently by authors(Yap KY,Chi H,Ng S)identified 50 studies for full-text evaluation.Finally,12 prospective RCTs and 4 non-randomised studies(1 non-randomised trial and 3 observational studies)were incl...performed independently by authors(Yap KY,Chi H,Ng S)identified 50 studies for full-text evaluation.Finally,12 prospective RCTs and 4 non-randomised studies(1 non-randomised trial and 3 observational studies)were included.A detailed PRISMA diagram is shown in Figure 1.The studies included were assessed for risk of bias,with a summary of the assessment shown in Figure 2 and Table 1 for trials and non-interventional studies,respectively.The PRISMA checklist is appended in Supplementary Figure 1.展开更多
Background: A randomized cross-over study was conducted to assess the glycemic index (GI) of seven Oral Nutritional Supplements (ONSs). These ONSs are designed to support the nutritional requirements of different age-...Background: A randomized cross-over study was conducted to assess the glycemic index (GI) of seven Oral Nutritional Supplements (ONSs). These ONSs are designed to support the nutritional requirements of different age-groups, physiological states, or health conditions among Indian adults. Methods: The study had two phases viz., phase1 (n = 18) studied two ONSs: A1 and B1 and phase 2 (n = 20) studied five ONSs: A2, B2, C2, D2 & E2. The subjects were healthy, non-diabetic adults, aged between 20 - 44 years with a mean Body Mass Index of 21.2 ± 1.52 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (Phase 1) and 21.0 ± 1.45 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (Phase 2). All these ONSs were compared with reference drinks (glucose). The carbohydrates in one serving of each ONS were matched to carbohydrates from 25 grams of glucose following ISO 2010 guidelines. Capillary blood was assessed for blood glucose response at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. GI was calculated as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for the test drinks and expressed as a percentage of the average iAUC from glucose. Results: Phase 1 indicated that the high fiber diabetes-specific nutrition supplement A1 with higher protein (23% energy), higher fat (25% energy) and reduced carbohydrates (40% energy) had a significantly (p = 0.002) lower GI [34 (±6)] as compared to B1 [63 (±7)] (protein 19%, fat 7% and carbohydrates 60% energy) even with similar amount (22%) and type of fiber. Phase 2 reported that all test products [A2 (32 ± 5), B2 (37 ± 4), C2 (31 ± 5), D2 (31 ± 5) and E2 (55 ± 4)] had a low GI. As compared to phase 1, ONSs in phase 2 had lower fiber content (1.6% - 4.6% energy). Conclusion: The glycemic index of oral nutrition supplements is influenced not only by their fiber content, but also by the overall macronutrient composition including protein (≥17% energy), fat (≥10% - 27% energy) and carbohydrates (40% - 57.5% energy).展开更多
<b>Aim:</b> The effect of patented nutritional supplementation on drug-seeking behavior in cocaine addicted rats during acute drug withdrawal was investigated using a biased Conditioned Place Preference (C...<b>Aim:</b> The effect of patented nutritional supplementation on drug-seeking behavior in cocaine addicted rats during acute drug withdrawal was investigated using a biased Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) paradigm. <b>Method:</b> Twenty-four (24) male Sprague-Dawley rats with pre-conditioned preference for the black chamber of the CPP box were randomly divided into Cocaine (COC) or Saline (SAL) treated groups. Rats (n = 12) treated with cocaine hydrochloride 20 mg/kg/ml, <i>i.p.</i> (COC group) were confined individually to the white chamber on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. On alternate days, they were given 1 ml saline vehicle, <i>i.p.</i> and confined to the black chamber. Control rats (SAL group, n = 12) received only vehicle on all 8 days and were confined on alternate days to the white or black chamber. Positive place preference was confirmed for COC rats, which subsequently received 6 increasing daily doses of cocaine. CPP performances of both COC and SAL rats were recorded following an acute 3-day withdrawal period. All animals were then randomly assigned to rats fed either chow reconstituted with the nutritional supplement (COC-S and SAL-S) or standard rat chow (COC-N and SAL-N) for 8 weeks, followed by final CPP performances. <b>Results:</b> Following supplementation, COC-S rats made significantly less entries and time spent in the white chamber (p < 0.05) compared with COC-N rats. COC-S rats exhibited significant place aversion to the white chamber similar to drug-naive animals;whereas COC-N continued to show positive place preference. <b>Conclusion:</b> Drug-seeking behavior that persisted during cocaine withdrawal was significantly diminished in the nutritionally supplemented.展开更多
The high incidence of malnutrition in patients with colorectal cancer directly affects their clinical outcomes,and is associated with increased postoperative complications,prolonged hospital stays,and decreased tolera...The high incidence of malnutrition in patients with colorectal cancer directly affects their clinical outcomes,and is associated with increased postoperative complications,prolonged hospital stays,and decreased tolerance of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Therefore,the nutritional management of patients with colorectal cancer is important.The perioperative nutritional management of patients includes preoperative education,nutritional screening and evaluation,preoperative intestinal preparation,and postoperative nutritional management.This article summarizes the current status of perioperative nutritional therapy and bowel preparation for patients with colorectal cancer.展开更多
Creatine is widely used by athletes as an ergogenic resource.The aim of this study was to evaluate the infl uence of creatine supplementation on the duodenum of rats submitted to physical training.The number and myent...Creatine is widely used by athletes as an ergogenic resource.The aim of this study was to evaluate the infl uence of creatine supplementation on the duodenum of rats submitted to physical training.The number and myenteric neuronal cell bodies as well mucosal and muscular tunic morphometry were evaluated.Control animals received a standard chow for 8 weeks,and the treated ones received the standard chow for 4 weeks and were later fed with the same chow but added with 2%creatine.Animals were divided in groups:sedentary,sedentary supplemented with creatine,trained and trained supplemented with creatine.The training consisted in treadmill running for 8 weeks.Duodenal samples were either processed for whole mount preparations or for paraffi n embedding and hematoxylin-eosin staining for histological and morphometric studies of the mucosa,the muscular tunic and myenteric neurons.It was observed that neither creatine nor physical training alone promoted alterations in muscular tunic thickness,villus height or crypts depth,however,a reduction in these parameters was observed when both were associated.The number of myenteric neurons was unchanged,but the neuronal cell body area was reduced in trained animals but not when training and creatine was associated,suggesting a neuroprotector role of this substance.展开更多
<b><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Introduction: </span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="fon...<b><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Introduction: </span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Macular edema is the main cause of low vision in diabetic patients. Laser photocoagulation continues to be the treatment of choice in conjunction with the use of steroids and anti-angiogenics, but these treatments include possible ocular complications. The nutritional supplement Alzer (whose primary active ingredient is </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Ginkgo biloba</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">, a powerful antioxidant that acts on vascular factors and oxidative damage, which are two of the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema), which has been used on other non-diabetic macular conditions, along with the Diamel nutritional supplement has been shown to be effective on glycemic control and could represent a treatment alternative for mild to moderate macular edema by reducing the thickness of the macular retina and preventing the progression of other more advanced clinical presentations that are harder to treat. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Objective: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Identify the effect of Alzer along with Diamel in reduction of the thickness of the macular retina among patients with mild to moderate diabetic macular edema. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Materials and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> A phase II double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 64 patients with non-severe diabetic macular edema over the course of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, who attended the ophthalmology service of the Institute of Endocrinology of Havana from January 2016 to December 2016. The treatment was randomly assigned to two groups: one received Alzer plus Diamel (n</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">=</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">32) and the other group received Alzer placebo + Diamel placebo (n</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">=</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">32). All patients were given an initial clinical evaluation, blood testing and ophthalmological evaluation at the start of treatment and after one year of follow-up. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">There was a clinical improvement in the macular thickness upon the conclusion of the study in the patients treated with Alzer and Diamel. This decrease in thickness was statistically significant in the left eye. There was no </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">decrease in visual acuity one year after treatment. Adverse events were mild and uncommon. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Conclusions: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Severe macular edema did not evolve in the Alzer and Diamel group. The clinical, but not statistically significant, success obtained in the experimental group proves the protocol hypothesis regarding the efficacy of the product being researched. The positive results in this small sample lead to the suggestion of performing larger-scale studies (Phase III).</span><b> </b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">The clinical trial was registered in Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT03533478</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">.</span>展开更多
Alpha lipoic acid has the ability to react and neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radicals, simple oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, hypochlorous acid and peroxyl radicals. A rapid high-performance l...Alpha lipoic acid has the ability to react and neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radicals, simple oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, hypochlorous acid and peroxyl radicals. A rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of lipoic acid in a nutritional supplement was developed. The method involved sample preparation and the mobile phase comprised of 50 mM disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.5 adjusted with 1 M H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>): acetonitrile in the ratio of 50:50. The separation was done using a C18 column (150 mm) and detection was carried out using UV detection at 201 nm. The assay was found to be linear in the range of 1.56 - 50 μg/mL with the correlation coefficient of 0.9997. Method precision was determined while LOD was 0.05 μg/mL and LOQ 0.15 μg/mL. The chromatographic peak LA retention time was 6 min.展开更多
L-arginine is an amino acid semiessencial considered a precursor of nitric oxide, a gas mainly produced in endothelial cells. Nutritional supplements based on the amino acid L-arginine have been broadly marketed in or...L-arginine is an amino acid semiessencial considered a precursor of nitric oxide, a gas mainly produced in endothelial cells. Nutritional supplements based on the amino acid L-arginine have been broadly marketed in order to increase vasodilation and the blood supply to muscle in order to optimize metabolic responses induced by exercise. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-arginine supplementation on nitric oxide production in response to exercise. Furthermore, the biochemical parameters of muscle fatigue were assessed. Fourteen trained runners were divided in two groups, supplemented with L-arginine (ARG) and placebo (PLA). Blood samples were collected before supplementation (T0), immediately after the first exercise session (T1), immediately after the second exercise session (T2), and after 20 minutes of rest (T3). Plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate was assessed as a marker of nitric oxide production. The biochemical parameters of muscle fatigue analyzed were plasma lactate and ammonia. There was significant increase in plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate in both groups in response to exercise: ARG (T0: 3.6 ± 1.4;T1: 17.9 ± 5.8;T2: 15.9 ± 5.3;T3: 7.3 ± 2.5 pmol/mL) and PLA (T0: 4.1 ± 1.1;T1: 18.8 ± 9.9;T2: 16.1 ± 3.5;T3: 9.3 ± 3.7 pmol/mL). A significant reduction in plasma lactate and ammonia were observed in the recovery period after exercise (T3). However, no significant difference was observed between groups in the variables studied. Therefore, L-arginine supplementation was unable to increase the effects of exercise on nitric oxide production and did not improve the metabolic responses to exercise in runners.展开更多
In order to improve the efficient decolorization of dye-containing water by biosorbent and understand the biosorption mechanism, the self-immobilization mycelial pellets were prepared using a marine-derived fungus Asp...In order to improve the efficient decolorization of dye-containing water by biosorbent and understand the biosorption mechanism, the self-immobilization mycelial pellets were prepared using a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus niger ZJUBE-1, and an azo dye, Congo red was chosen as a model dye to investigate batch decolorization efficiency by pellets. The pellets as biosorbent showed strong salt and acid tolerance in biosorption process. The results for dye adsorption showed that the biosorption process fitted well with models of pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 263.2 mg·g^(-1) mycelium. During 6 batches of continuous decolorization operation, the mycelial pellets could possess efficient decolorization abilities(>98.5%).The appearance of new peak in the UV–Vis spectral result indicated that the decolorization process may also contain biodegradation. The mechanism studies showed that efficient biosorption ability of pellets only relies on the active zone on the surface of the pellet, which can be enhanced by nutrition supplement or be shifted outward by a reculture process.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the efficacy of Viusid,a nutritional supplement,as an antioxidant and an immunomodulator in patients with chronic hepatitis C.METHODS:Sixty patients with chronic hepatitis C who were non-responders ...AIM:To investigate the efficacy of Viusid,a nutritional supplement,as an antioxidant and an immunomodulator in patients with chronic hepatitis C.METHODS:Sixty patients with chronic hepatitis C who were non-responders to standard antiviral treatment were randomly assigned to receive Viusid(3 sachets daily,n=30) or placebo(n=30) for 24 wk.The primary outcome was the change in serum malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals(lipid peroxidation products).Secondary outcomes were changes in serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and interleukin-10(IL-10).RESULTS:Statistically significant reductions in serum 4-hydroxyalkenals and malondialdehyde levels were observed in both groups in comparison with pretreatment values,but the patients who received Viusid showed a more marked reduction as compared with the control group(P=0.001).TNF-α levels significantly increased from 6.9 to 16.2 pg/mL(P< 0.01) in the patients who received placebo in comparison with almost unchanged levels,from 6.6 to 7.1 pg/mL(P=0.26),in the patients treated with Viusid(P=0.001).In addition,IL-10 levels were markedly increased in the patients treated with Viusid(from 2.6 to 8.3 pg/mL,P=0.04) in contrast to the patients assigned to placebo(from 2.8 to 4.1 pg/mL,P=0.09)(P=0.01).Likewise,the administration of Viusid markedly increased mean IFN-γ levels from 1.92 to 2.89 pg/mL(P< 0.001) in comparison with a reduction in mean levels from 1.80 to 1.68 pg/mL(P=0.70) in the placebo group(P< 0.0001).Viusid administration was well tolerated.CONCLUSION:Our results indicate that treatment with Viusid leads to a notable improvement of oxidative stress and immunological parameters in patients with chronic hepatitis C.展开更多
The impact of technology adoption among farmers in developing countries has been an issue difficult to measure and interpret. Hence, research to improve production has been centered in technology that possible is not ...The impact of technology adoption among farmers in developing countries has been an issue difficult to measure and interpret. Hence, research to improve production has been centered in technology that possible is not adequate for this region. The present review aims to utilize subjects such as Genetics, Reproduction, Nutrition, Management and Animal Health as examples of research endeavors illustrating the scarcely bond existing between research and adoption of technology. A final section is an attempt to illustrate the possible reasons why the transfer of technology is failing to be of any consequence at least under the conditions of developing countries.展开更多
Astaxanthin(3,3′-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione)is an orange-red,lipophilic keto-carotenoid pigment.It is majorly found in marine ecosystems particularly in aquatic animals such as salmon,shrimp,trout,krill,cra...Astaxanthin(3,3′-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione)is an orange-red,lipophilic keto-carotenoid pigment.It is majorly found in marine ecosystems particularly in aquatic animals such as salmon,shrimp,trout,krill,crayfish,and so on.It is also synthesized in microalgae Heamatococcus pluvialis,Chlorococcum,Chlorella zofingiensis,red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma and bacterium Paracoccus carotinifaciens.Some aquatic and terrestrial creatures regarded as a primary and secondary sources of the astaxanthin producing and accumulating it through their metabolic pathways.Astax-anthin is the powerful antioxidant,nutritional supplement as well as promising therapeutic compound,observed to have activities against different ravaging diseases and disorders.Researchers have reported remarkable bioactivities of astaxanthin against major non-communicable chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases,cancer,diabetes,neurodegenerative,and immune disorders.The current review discusses some structural aspects of astaxanthin.It fur-ther elaborates its multiple potencies such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-proliferative,anti-cancer,anti-obese,anti-diabetic,anti-ageing,anti-TB,anti-viral,anti-COVID 19,neuro-protective,nephro-protective,and fertility-enhanc-ing properties.These potencies make it a more precious entity in the preventions as well as treatments of prevalent systematic diseases and/or disorders.Also,the review is acknowledging and documenting its powerful bioactivities in relation with the pharmaceutical as well as nutraceutical applicability.展开更多
The study is to describe a patient with urticarial lesions which was successfully treated with mindfulness and nutraceuticals.A 20-year-old female patient with an unmarked past medical history presented with diffuse p...The study is to describe a patient with urticarial lesions which was successfully treated with mindfulness and nutraceuticals.A 20-year-old female patient with an unmarked past medical history presented with diffuse pruritic urticarial lesions associated with breathless and severe fatigue,lasting for 5 months.The lesions covered all body,except palms and plants.Hospitalized for three days,she received dexamethasone,promethazine,and subcutaneous adrenalin and discharged with fexofenadine,prednisone,and ranitidine.Mindfulness and relaxation practice were instructed and some nutraceuticals.After two months,she returned asymptomatic,without any new episodes of urticaria or fatigue.Most of the chronic urticaria patients are treated with antihistamines and/or steroids.This case illustrates an alternative holistic approach,combining mindfulness and relaxation practices with nutraceuticals.This alternative therapeutical strategy should be explored by back to back comparison to the conventional pharmaceutical approach.展开更多
Aim:Many therapeutic means have emerged to treat esophageal cancer.Factors relating to nutritional status such as body weight maintenance are important to the continuation of these treatments.In this study,we investig...Aim:Many therapeutic means have emerged to treat esophageal cancer.Factors relating to nutritional status such as body weight maintenance are important to the continuation of these treatments.In this study,we investigated methods to extend the administration of diversified treatments for patients with esophageal cancer,especially regarding measures to suppress body weight loss after surgery.Methods:We retrospectively evaluated a strategy for preventing postoperative body weight loss which can hinder the continuation of treatment via a reconstruction method aimed at safety and comfort combined with postoperative dietary intake and nutritional support for esophageal cancer patients.Results:The subjects comprised 386 patients who underwent subtotal stomach reconstruction during esophageal cancer surgery performed from January 2008 to January 2021 at Gifu University Hospital.The anastomotic leakage rate was 0.5%.By administering oral nutritional supplementation under strict rules using ENSURE®H during the perioperative period,the percentage of body weight loss after 5 years could be limited to 4.78%compared to that before treatment.Scores assessing early feeling of fullness measured using the EORTC QLQ-OES18 at postoperative months 3,12,24,36,48,and 60 were 1.7±0.3,2.0±0.2,1.2±0.3,1.3±0.2,1.5±0.2,and 1.4±0.1,respectively.Conclusion:Considering methods to eliminate the factors that prevent continuation of treatment may lead to sustainable treatment against esophageal cancer.Proper surgical reconstruction and nutritional management will allow maintenance of body weight and good quality of life.展开更多
Chronic diabetic wound remains a critical challenge suffering from the complicated negative microenvironments,such as high-glucose,excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS),hypoxia and malnutrition.Unfortunately,few stra...Chronic diabetic wound remains a critical challenge suffering from the complicated negative microenvironments,such as high-glucose,excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS),hypoxia and malnutrition.Unfortunately,few strategies have been developed to ameliorate the multiple microenvironments simultaneously.In this study,Chlorella sp.(Chlorella)hydrogels were prepared against diabetic wounds.In vitro experiments demonstrated that living Chlorella could produce dissolved oxygen by photosynthesis,actively consume glucose and deplete ROS with the inherent antioxidants,during the daytime.At night,Chlorella was inactivated in situ by chlorine dioxide with human-body harmless concentration to utilize its abundant contents.It was verified in vitro that the inactivated-Chlorella could supply nutrition,relieve inflammation and terminate the oxygen-consumption of Chlorella-respiration.The advantages of living Chlorella and its contents were integrated ingeniously.The abovementioned functions were proven to accelerate cell proliferation,migration and angiogenesis in vitro.Then,streptozotocininduced diabetic mice were employed for further validation.The in vivo outcomes confirmed that Chlorella could ameliorate the undesirable microenvironments,including hypoxia,high-glucose,excessiveROS and chronic inflammation,thereby synergistically promoting tissue regeneration.Given the results above,Chlorella is considered as a tailor-made therapeutic strategy for diabetic wound healing.展开更多
基金Supported by Ningxia Natural Science Foundation Project,No.2022AAC03488the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2016YFD0400605.
文摘BACKGROUND Sepsis exacerbates intestinal microecological disorders leading to poor prognosis.Proper modalities of nutritional support can improve nutrition,immunity,and intestinal microecology.AIM To identify the optimal modality of early nutritional support for patients with sepsis from the perspective of intestinal microecology.METHODS Thirty patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University,China,between 2019 and 2021 with indications for nutritional support,were randomly assigned to one of three different modalities of nutritional support for a total of 5 d:Total enteral nutrition(TEN group),total parenteral nutrition(TPN group),and supplemental parenteral nutrition(SPN group).Blood and stool specimens were collected before and after nutritional support,and changes in gut microbiota,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and immune and nutritional indicators were detected and compared among the three groups.RESULTS In comparison with before nutritional support,the three groups after nutritional support presented:(1)Differences in the gut bacteria(Enterococcus increased in the TEN group,Campylobacter decreased in the TPN group,and Dialister decreased in the SPN group;all P<0.05);(2)different trends in SCFAs(the TEN group showed improvement except for Caproic acid,the TPN group showed improvement only for acetic and propionic acid,and the SPN group showed a decreasing trend);(3)significant improvement of the nutritional and immunological indicators in the TEN and SPN groups,while only immunoglobulin G improved in the TPN group(all P<0.05);and(4)a significant correlation was found between the gut bacteria,SCFAs,and nutritional and immunological indicators(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION TEN is recommended as the preferred mode of early nutritional support in sepsis based on clinical nutritional and immunological indicators,as well as changes in intestinal microecology.
基金supported by grants from the Whole Course Multimodal Rehabilitation Study for Patients with Malignant Tumours(HZ202102)the Innovative Experimental Program of Hebei Medical University(USIP2022331).
文摘Objective We analysed the impact of home nutritional interventions on the nutritional risk and the incidence and severity of malnutrition in patients with malignancy.Methods In this prospective interventional study,we recruited 60 patients with malignancy who were at nutritional risk(NRS 2002≥3 scores).These patients were given home enteral nutritional supplementation(HES)for 3 months.The HES included nutritional counselling,oral nutritional supplements(ONS)and tube feeding.The incidence and severity of nutritional risk and malnutrition,as well as the body composition and results of routine blood tests,were compared before and after the intervention.Results A total of 58 patients completed the study.After three months of home enteral nutritional intervention,the incidence and severity of nutritional risk and malnutrition were significantly reduced(the NRS 2002 score was reduced from 3 to 1,the PG-SGA score was reduced from 8.00 to 3.00,P<0.05).The patients’body mass index(BMI)and upper arm circumference increased(P<0.05),the muscle mass,appendicular skeletal muscle mass index(ASMI)and phase angle(PA)increased(P<0.05).The serum albumin,pre-albumin and haemoglobin levels increased significantly,while the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and platelet/lymphocyte ratio(PLR)decreased significantly(P<0.05).The incidence of hypoproteinaemia and anaemia also decreased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion HES can effectively improve the nutritional status of patients and reduce the risk and severity of malnutrition.
文摘performed independently by authors(Yap KY,Chi H,Ng S)identified 50 studies for full-text evaluation.Finally,12 prospective RCTs and 4 non-randomised studies(1 non-randomised trial and 3 observational studies)were included.A detailed PRISMA diagram is shown in Figure 1.The studies included were assessed for risk of bias,with a summary of the assessment shown in Figure 2 and Table 1 for trials and non-interventional studies,respectively.The PRISMA checklist is appended in Supplementary Figure 1.
文摘Background: A randomized cross-over study was conducted to assess the glycemic index (GI) of seven Oral Nutritional Supplements (ONSs). These ONSs are designed to support the nutritional requirements of different age-groups, physiological states, or health conditions among Indian adults. Methods: The study had two phases viz., phase1 (n = 18) studied two ONSs: A1 and B1 and phase 2 (n = 20) studied five ONSs: A2, B2, C2, D2 & E2. The subjects were healthy, non-diabetic adults, aged between 20 - 44 years with a mean Body Mass Index of 21.2 ± 1.52 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (Phase 1) and 21.0 ± 1.45 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (Phase 2). All these ONSs were compared with reference drinks (glucose). The carbohydrates in one serving of each ONS were matched to carbohydrates from 25 grams of glucose following ISO 2010 guidelines. Capillary blood was assessed for blood glucose response at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. GI was calculated as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for the test drinks and expressed as a percentage of the average iAUC from glucose. Results: Phase 1 indicated that the high fiber diabetes-specific nutrition supplement A1 with higher protein (23% energy), higher fat (25% energy) and reduced carbohydrates (40% energy) had a significantly (p = 0.002) lower GI [34 (±6)] as compared to B1 [63 (±7)] (protein 19%, fat 7% and carbohydrates 60% energy) even with similar amount (22%) and type of fiber. Phase 2 reported that all test products [A2 (32 ± 5), B2 (37 ± 4), C2 (31 ± 5), D2 (31 ± 5) and E2 (55 ± 4)] had a low GI. As compared to phase 1, ONSs in phase 2 had lower fiber content (1.6% - 4.6% energy). Conclusion: The glycemic index of oral nutrition supplements is influenced not only by their fiber content, but also by the overall macronutrient composition including protein (≥17% energy), fat (≥10% - 27% energy) and carbohydrates (40% - 57.5% energy).
文摘<b>Aim:</b> The effect of patented nutritional supplementation on drug-seeking behavior in cocaine addicted rats during acute drug withdrawal was investigated using a biased Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) paradigm. <b>Method:</b> Twenty-four (24) male Sprague-Dawley rats with pre-conditioned preference for the black chamber of the CPP box were randomly divided into Cocaine (COC) or Saline (SAL) treated groups. Rats (n = 12) treated with cocaine hydrochloride 20 mg/kg/ml, <i>i.p.</i> (COC group) were confined individually to the white chamber on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. On alternate days, they were given 1 ml saline vehicle, <i>i.p.</i> and confined to the black chamber. Control rats (SAL group, n = 12) received only vehicle on all 8 days and were confined on alternate days to the white or black chamber. Positive place preference was confirmed for COC rats, which subsequently received 6 increasing daily doses of cocaine. CPP performances of both COC and SAL rats were recorded following an acute 3-day withdrawal period. All animals were then randomly assigned to rats fed either chow reconstituted with the nutritional supplement (COC-S and SAL-S) or standard rat chow (COC-N and SAL-N) for 8 weeks, followed by final CPP performances. <b>Results:</b> Following supplementation, COC-S rats made significantly less entries and time spent in the white chamber (p < 0.05) compared with COC-N rats. COC-S rats exhibited significant place aversion to the white chamber similar to drug-naive animals;whereas COC-N continued to show positive place preference. <b>Conclusion:</b> Drug-seeking behavior that persisted during cocaine withdrawal was significantly diminished in the nutritionally supplemented.
文摘The high incidence of malnutrition in patients with colorectal cancer directly affects their clinical outcomes,and is associated with increased postoperative complications,prolonged hospital stays,and decreased tolerance of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Therefore,the nutritional management of patients with colorectal cancer is important.The perioperative nutritional management of patients includes preoperative education,nutritional screening and evaluation,preoperative intestinal preparation,and postoperative nutritional management.This article summarizes the current status of perioperative nutritional therapy and bowel preparation for patients with colorectal cancer.
文摘Creatine is widely used by athletes as an ergogenic resource.The aim of this study was to evaluate the infl uence of creatine supplementation on the duodenum of rats submitted to physical training.The number and myenteric neuronal cell bodies as well mucosal and muscular tunic morphometry were evaluated.Control animals received a standard chow for 8 weeks,and the treated ones received the standard chow for 4 weeks and were later fed with the same chow but added with 2%creatine.Animals were divided in groups:sedentary,sedentary supplemented with creatine,trained and trained supplemented with creatine.The training consisted in treadmill running for 8 weeks.Duodenal samples were either processed for whole mount preparations or for paraffi n embedding and hematoxylin-eosin staining for histological and morphometric studies of the mucosa,the muscular tunic and myenteric neurons.It was observed that neither creatine nor physical training alone promoted alterations in muscular tunic thickness,villus height or crypts depth,however,a reduction in these parameters was observed when both were associated.The number of myenteric neurons was unchanged,but the neuronal cell body area was reduced in trained animals but not when training and creatine was associated,suggesting a neuroprotector role of this substance.
文摘<b><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Introduction: </span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Macular edema is the main cause of low vision in diabetic patients. Laser photocoagulation continues to be the treatment of choice in conjunction with the use of steroids and anti-angiogenics, but these treatments include possible ocular complications. The nutritional supplement Alzer (whose primary active ingredient is </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Ginkgo biloba</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">, a powerful antioxidant that acts on vascular factors and oxidative damage, which are two of the mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema), which has been used on other non-diabetic macular conditions, along with the Diamel nutritional supplement has been shown to be effective on glycemic control and could represent a treatment alternative for mild to moderate macular edema by reducing the thickness of the macular retina and preventing the progression of other more advanced clinical presentations that are harder to treat. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Objective: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Identify the effect of Alzer along with Diamel in reduction of the thickness of the macular retina among patients with mild to moderate diabetic macular edema. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Materials and Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"> A phase II double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 64 patients with non-severe diabetic macular edema over the course of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, who attended the ophthalmology service of the Institute of Endocrinology of Havana from January 2016 to December 2016. The treatment was randomly assigned to two groups: one received Alzer plus Diamel (n</span></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">=</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">32) and the other group received Alzer placebo + Diamel placebo (n</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">=</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">32). All patients were given an initial clinical evaluation, blood testing and ophthalmological evaluation at the start of treatment and after one year of follow-up. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">There was a clinical improvement in the macular thickness upon the conclusion of the study in the patients treated with Alzer and Diamel. This decrease in thickness was statistically significant in the left eye. There was no </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">decrease in visual acuity one year after treatment. Adverse events were mild and uncommon. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Conclusions: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">Severe macular edema did not evolve in the Alzer and Diamel group. The clinical, but not statistically significant, success obtained in the experimental group proves the protocol hypothesis regarding the efficacy of the product being researched. The positive results in this small sample lead to the suggestion of performing larger-scale studies (Phase III).</span><b> </b></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;">The clinical trial was registered in Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT03533478</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">.</span>
文摘Alpha lipoic acid has the ability to react and neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide radicals, simple oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, hypochlorous acid and peroxyl radicals. A rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of lipoic acid in a nutritional supplement was developed. The method involved sample preparation and the mobile phase comprised of 50 mM disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 2.5 adjusted with 1 M H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>): acetonitrile in the ratio of 50:50. The separation was done using a C18 column (150 mm) and detection was carried out using UV detection at 201 nm. The assay was found to be linear in the range of 1.56 - 50 μg/mL with the correlation coefficient of 0.9997. Method precision was determined while LOD was 0.05 μg/mL and LOQ 0.15 μg/mL. The chromatographic peak LA retention time was 6 min.
基金The authors thank Ricky Toledano for preparing the English version of the manuscript and The Research Foundation of the State of Rio de Janeiro-FAPERJ by provided financial support for the study(grant No.E-26/100.499/2012 and E-26/100.500/2012).
文摘L-arginine is an amino acid semiessencial considered a precursor of nitric oxide, a gas mainly produced in endothelial cells. Nutritional supplements based on the amino acid L-arginine have been broadly marketed in order to increase vasodilation and the blood supply to muscle in order to optimize metabolic responses induced by exercise. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-arginine supplementation on nitric oxide production in response to exercise. Furthermore, the biochemical parameters of muscle fatigue were assessed. Fourteen trained runners were divided in two groups, supplemented with L-arginine (ARG) and placebo (PLA). Blood samples were collected before supplementation (T0), immediately after the first exercise session (T1), immediately after the second exercise session (T2), and after 20 minutes of rest (T3). Plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate was assessed as a marker of nitric oxide production. The biochemical parameters of muscle fatigue analyzed were plasma lactate and ammonia. There was significant increase in plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate in both groups in response to exercise: ARG (T0: 3.6 ± 1.4;T1: 17.9 ± 5.8;T2: 15.9 ± 5.3;T3: 7.3 ± 2.5 pmol/mL) and PLA (T0: 4.1 ± 1.1;T1: 18.8 ± 9.9;T2: 16.1 ± 3.5;T3: 9.3 ± 3.7 pmol/mL). A significant reduction in plasma lactate and ammonia were observed in the recovery period after exercise (T3). However, no significant difference was observed between groups in the variables studied. Therefore, L-arginine supplementation was unable to increase the effects of exercise on nitric oxide production and did not improve the metabolic responses to exercise in runners.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21376214)
文摘In order to improve the efficient decolorization of dye-containing water by biosorbent and understand the biosorption mechanism, the self-immobilization mycelial pellets were prepared using a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus niger ZJUBE-1, and an azo dye, Congo red was chosen as a model dye to investigate batch decolorization efficiency by pellets. The pellets as biosorbent showed strong salt and acid tolerance in biosorption process. The results for dye adsorption showed that the biosorption process fitted well with models of pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 263.2 mg·g^(-1) mycelium. During 6 batches of continuous decolorization operation, the mycelial pellets could possess efficient decolorization abilities(>98.5%).The appearance of new peak in the UV–Vis spectral result indicated that the decolorization process may also contain biodegradation. The mechanism studies showed that efficient biosorption ability of pellets only relies on the active zone on the surface of the pellet, which can be enhanced by nutrition supplement or be shifted outward by a reculture process.
基金Supported by (in part) A grant from Catalysis Laboratories,Spain
文摘AIM:To investigate the efficacy of Viusid,a nutritional supplement,as an antioxidant and an immunomodulator in patients with chronic hepatitis C.METHODS:Sixty patients with chronic hepatitis C who were non-responders to standard antiviral treatment were randomly assigned to receive Viusid(3 sachets daily,n=30) or placebo(n=30) for 24 wk.The primary outcome was the change in serum malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals(lipid peroxidation products).Secondary outcomes were changes in serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and interleukin-10(IL-10).RESULTS:Statistically significant reductions in serum 4-hydroxyalkenals and malondialdehyde levels were observed in both groups in comparison with pretreatment values,but the patients who received Viusid showed a more marked reduction as compared with the control group(P=0.001).TNF-α levels significantly increased from 6.9 to 16.2 pg/mL(P< 0.01) in the patients who received placebo in comparison with almost unchanged levels,from 6.6 to 7.1 pg/mL(P=0.26),in the patients treated with Viusid(P=0.001).In addition,IL-10 levels were markedly increased in the patients treated with Viusid(from 2.6 to 8.3 pg/mL,P=0.04) in contrast to the patients assigned to placebo(from 2.8 to 4.1 pg/mL,P=0.09)(P=0.01).Likewise,the administration of Viusid markedly increased mean IFN-γ levels from 1.92 to 2.89 pg/mL(P< 0.001) in comparison with a reduction in mean levels from 1.80 to 1.68 pg/mL(P=0.70) in the placebo group(P< 0.0001).Viusid administration was well tolerated.CONCLUSION:Our results indicate that treatment with Viusid leads to a notable improvement of oxidative stress and immunological parameters in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
文摘The impact of technology adoption among farmers in developing countries has been an issue difficult to measure and interpret. Hence, research to improve production has been centered in technology that possible is not adequate for this region. The present review aims to utilize subjects such as Genetics, Reproduction, Nutrition, Management and Animal Health as examples of research endeavors illustrating the scarcely bond existing between research and adoption of technology. A final section is an attempt to illustrate the possible reasons why the transfer of technology is failing to be of any consequence at least under the conditions of developing countries.
基金support through the Chief Minister Special Research Fellowship-2019 (CMSRF-2019).
文摘Astaxanthin(3,3′-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione)is an orange-red,lipophilic keto-carotenoid pigment.It is majorly found in marine ecosystems particularly in aquatic animals such as salmon,shrimp,trout,krill,crayfish,and so on.It is also synthesized in microalgae Heamatococcus pluvialis,Chlorococcum,Chlorella zofingiensis,red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma and bacterium Paracoccus carotinifaciens.Some aquatic and terrestrial creatures regarded as a primary and secondary sources of the astaxanthin producing and accumulating it through their metabolic pathways.Astax-anthin is the powerful antioxidant,nutritional supplement as well as promising therapeutic compound,observed to have activities against different ravaging diseases and disorders.Researchers have reported remarkable bioactivities of astaxanthin against major non-communicable chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases,cancer,diabetes,neurodegenerative,and immune disorders.The current review discusses some structural aspects of astaxanthin.It fur-ther elaborates its multiple potencies such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-proliferative,anti-cancer,anti-obese,anti-diabetic,anti-ageing,anti-TB,anti-viral,anti-COVID 19,neuro-protective,nephro-protective,and fertility-enhanc-ing properties.These potencies make it a more precious entity in the preventions as well as treatments of prevalent systematic diseases and/or disorders.Also,the review is acknowledging and documenting its powerful bioactivities in relation with the pharmaceutical as well as nutraceutical applicability.
文摘The study is to describe a patient with urticarial lesions which was successfully treated with mindfulness and nutraceuticals.A 20-year-old female patient with an unmarked past medical history presented with diffuse pruritic urticarial lesions associated with breathless and severe fatigue,lasting for 5 months.The lesions covered all body,except palms and plants.Hospitalized for three days,she received dexamethasone,promethazine,and subcutaneous adrenalin and discharged with fexofenadine,prednisone,and ranitidine.Mindfulness and relaxation practice were instructed and some nutraceuticals.After two months,she returned asymptomatic,without any new episodes of urticaria or fatigue.Most of the chronic urticaria patients are treated with antihistamines and/or steroids.This case illustrates an alternative holistic approach,combining mindfulness and relaxation practices with nutraceuticals.This alternative therapeutical strategy should be explored by back to back comparison to the conventional pharmaceutical approach.
文摘Aim:Many therapeutic means have emerged to treat esophageal cancer.Factors relating to nutritional status such as body weight maintenance are important to the continuation of these treatments.In this study,we investigated methods to extend the administration of diversified treatments for patients with esophageal cancer,especially regarding measures to suppress body weight loss after surgery.Methods:We retrospectively evaluated a strategy for preventing postoperative body weight loss which can hinder the continuation of treatment via a reconstruction method aimed at safety and comfort combined with postoperative dietary intake and nutritional support for esophageal cancer patients.Results:The subjects comprised 386 patients who underwent subtotal stomach reconstruction during esophageal cancer surgery performed from January 2008 to January 2021 at Gifu University Hospital.The anastomotic leakage rate was 0.5%.By administering oral nutritional supplementation under strict rules using ENSURE®H during the perioperative period,the percentage of body weight loss after 5 years could be limited to 4.78%compared to that before treatment.Scores assessing early feeling of fullness measured using the EORTC QLQ-OES18 at postoperative months 3,12,24,36,48,and 60 were 1.7±0.3,2.0±0.2,1.2±0.3,1.3±0.2,1.5±0.2,and 1.4±0.1,respectively.Conclusion:Considering methods to eliminate the factors that prevent continuation of treatment may lead to sustainable treatment against esophageal cancer.Proper surgical reconstruction and nutritional management will allow maintenance of body weight and good quality of life.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81673830)Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(YY053,China)+1 种基金Major Project and Double firstclass innovative team(CPU2018GY28,China)National Science and Technology Major Project(2017zx09101001005,China)。
文摘Chronic diabetic wound remains a critical challenge suffering from the complicated negative microenvironments,such as high-glucose,excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS),hypoxia and malnutrition.Unfortunately,few strategies have been developed to ameliorate the multiple microenvironments simultaneously.In this study,Chlorella sp.(Chlorella)hydrogels were prepared against diabetic wounds.In vitro experiments demonstrated that living Chlorella could produce dissolved oxygen by photosynthesis,actively consume glucose and deplete ROS with the inherent antioxidants,during the daytime.At night,Chlorella was inactivated in situ by chlorine dioxide with human-body harmless concentration to utilize its abundant contents.It was verified in vitro that the inactivated-Chlorella could supply nutrition,relieve inflammation and terminate the oxygen-consumption of Chlorella-respiration.The advantages of living Chlorella and its contents were integrated ingeniously.The abovementioned functions were proven to accelerate cell proliferation,migration and angiogenesis in vitro.Then,streptozotocininduced diabetic mice were employed for further validation.The in vivo outcomes confirmed that Chlorella could ameliorate the undesirable microenvironments,including hypoxia,high-glucose,excessiveROS and chronic inflammation,thereby synergistically promoting tissue regeneration.Given the results above,Chlorella is considered as a tailor-made therapeutic strategy for diabetic wound healing.
