The bacteria and plants were associated to remove diesel oil pollutants from soil.Three efficiently degrading bacteria(named strains Q10,Q14 and Q18,respectively) were isolated.Two plants(alfalfa and Indian mustard) w...The bacteria and plants were associated to remove diesel oil pollutants from soil.Three efficiently degrading bacteria(named strains Q10,Q14 and Q18,respectively) were isolated.Two plants(alfalfa and Indian mustard) were selected to form the association.Biodegradation of diesel oil pollutants in soil was accelerated by bacteria-plants association.The main results are summarized as follows.The plants-bacteria association was more effective in biodegradation of diesel oil pollutants in soil than in respective experiments carried out with plants or bacteria alone.Strain Q18-Indian mustard association resulted in the maximum diesel oil reduction(69.18%).The activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase in soil were enhanced and microbial populations in soil,especially in rhizosphere,were also stimulated in the treatment of bacteria-plant association.Overall,the soil conditions might be improved by alfalfa or Indian mustard to benefit the growth of bacteria,which resulted in degradation of diesel oil pollutants more effective by the bacteria-plant association.The bacteria-plants association may be a better approach to the removal of diesel oil pollutants from soil.展开更多
In the article, status quo of oil pollution in China＇s offshore area was in- troduced, and the sources of oil pollution in the ocean were analyzed. Furthermore, the possible hazards of marine oil pollution were discu...In the article, status quo of oil pollution in China＇s offshore area was in- troduced, and the sources of oil pollution in the ocean were analyzed. Furthermore, the possible hazards of marine oil pollution were discussed and related countermea- sures were proposed, including implementation of laws and regulations, enhancing awareness of environment protection, improvement of pollution monitoring and early warning mechanism, physical treatment, chemical treatment and biological treatment. With economy development, the demand of oil is increasing accordingly. Hence, oil pollution has become an urgent issue to be solved for better exploration of oil and protection of marine environment.展开更多
Because of the special physico-chemical properties and toxicity of oil in ocean, it causes the acute and chronic toxicity in marine life, through food chain comes into human body, has a serious harm on human＇s health...Because of the special physico-chemical properties and toxicity of oil in ocean, it causes the acute and chronic toxicity in marine life, through food chain comes into human body, has a serious harm on human＇s health. This test analysis influence of oil pollution in ocean, provides theoretical guidance of governing.展开更多
The content and distributive feature of oil in Meizhou Bay, China during summer were analysed on the basis of water quality survey. The result showed that oil concentration ranges between 5—51 μg/dm 3 with an avera...The content and distributive feature of oil in Meizhou Bay, China during summer were analysed on the basis of water quality survey. The result showed that oil concentration ranges between 5—51 μg/dm 3 with an average of 19 8 μg/dm 3. The mixed coefficient is lower. The difference of oil distribution between high tide and low tide is related to the distribution of land pollution and is mainly decided by water dynamics. Average turn over rate and enrichment coefficient can provide fundamental information to estimate oil concentration in sea water.展开更多
Objective The wetland at Dalian Bay in the Northeast of China has been polluted by oil severely. The effect of various microbes and operation parameters on the bioremediation of oil-polluted wetlands at Dalian Bay was...Objective The wetland at Dalian Bay in the Northeast of China has been polluted by oil severely. The effect of various microbes and operation parameters on the bioremediation of oil-polluted wetlands at Dalian Bay was investigated and reported previously. In the study, other operation conditions related to the status of medium were investigated via statistical experimental design and analysis and a necessary information is involved to use micro-technology in the application. Methods The method used involved the direct inoculation of selected bacteria, which were capable of degrading oil. The operation conditions were further optimized and evaluated by gravimetrical assay. Results The optimal pH and temperature for the studied bacteria to degrade the existing oil pollutants were established as pH 8.0 and 27℃. The mixed of various bacteria showed better results in terms of oil degradation than any single one. Among the selected four factors, disturbance, oxidant, nutrients, and biosurfactant, the former two contributed more impacts on the oil degradation in the early stage of process, while the latter two became the limiting factors in the late stage. Three sets of optimal conditions were obtained for each individual stage, but no one was suitable for the overall process. Conclusion The study demonstrated the technical feasibility of using direct inoculation into the contaminated soil samples to remove oil pollutants. It suggested that the operation conditions should be monitored and adjusted during the different stages of bio-reactions in the process to achieve the best result of oil degradation.展开更多
The oysters ( Saccostrea cuculiata ) were collected from four stations around Xiamen Island (Lundu Port, Xinglin Bay, Tong" an Bay, Huangcuo). The relation between the level of petroleum hydrocarbon in whole tiss...The oysters ( Saccostrea cuculiata ) were collected from four stations around Xiamen Island (Lundu Port, Xinglin Bay, Tong" an Bay, Huangcuo). The relation between the level of petroleum hydrocarbon in whole tissue and the contents of glutathione (GSH), the activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in digestive gland and gill were investigated. The results showed: (1) The contents of petroleum hydrocarbon in oyster collected from four stations (Lundu Port, Xinglin Bay, Tong'an Bay, Huangcuo) were 380.68, 112.34, 27.31, 20.37μg/g wet weight, respectively; (2) the activity of Se-GPx and GST in digestive gland was lower than that in gill, and the content of GSH seemed reversibly; (3) among the four stations, both Se-GPx and GST activity of digestive gland and gill in Saccostrea cuculiata sampled from the four stations showed a good correlation with whole tissue petroleum hydrocarbon, could be as biomarkers of sea oil pollution.展开更多
This paper discussed the optimization of conditions for remediation of crude oil-polluted soil based on pot experiment by applying reed-specific degrading bacteria, and using response surfaces methodology. We took the...This paper discussed the optimization of conditions for remediation of crude oil-polluted soil based on pot experiment by applying reed-specific degrading bacteria, and using response surfaces methodology. We took the initial crude oil concentration, the amount of inoculation, the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the use of surfactant （Tween-80） as independent variables （factors）, and the degrading ratio of crude oil as the dependent variable （response） after a 90-day experiment. The experiment explored the impacts of each independent variable and their interactions on the bioremediation of crude oil-polluted soil using the Box-Behnken design. Working with a simulated forecasting model the study obtained optimization va reed＋specific degrading bacteria, a nitrogen to phosphorus ues for the treatment parameters of 200 g/kg of the ratio of about 6.0. and 0.2% surfactant. Under experimental conditions, for crude oil concentrations of 10, 30 and 50 g/kg, the optimal effects of the treatments achieved 71.87%, 66.61% and 54.52% degradation of the crude oil, respectively. The results can provide a basis for the technical development of plant-microorganism combined bioremediation of crude oil-polluted soil.展开更多
This paper addresses increasing concern about the pollution threat of used oil being illegally dumped and the impact of oil on air pollution and freshwater ecosystems in Asian countries. Used oil is a very serious was...This paper addresses increasing concern about the pollution threat of used oil being illegally dumped and the impact of oil on air pollution and freshwater ecosystems in Asian countries. Used oil is a very serious waste management problem. These results call for management action such as maximising the collection and recovery of used oil. The Thai government recognizes the need to recycle used oil and has been active in encouraging programs to accomplish this goal. Thus unless new approaches and incentives are developed, used oil generation may become an increasing serious problem to our environment. The purpose of this study is to examine the technical and economic feasibility, of recycling used oils. In addition, this paper briefly discusses the problems to be overcome and outlines potential mechanisms for providing the necessary disposal controls in order to maximize the protection to public health and environmental quality from potential hazards posed by used lube oil disposal.展开更多
In the present research, effect of silica fume as an additive and oil polluted sands as aggregates on compressive strength of concrete were investigated experimentally. The amount ofoil in the designed mixtures was as...In the present research, effect of silica fume as an additive and oil polluted sands as aggregates on compressive strength of concrete were investigated experimentally. The amount ofoil in the designed mixtures was assumed to be constant and equal to 2% of the sand weight. Silica fume accounting for 10%, 15% and 20% of the weight is added to the designed mixture. After preparation and curing, concrete specimens were placed into the three different conditions： fresh, brackish and saltwater environments （submerged in fresh water, alternation of exposed in air ＆ submerged in sea water and submerged in sea water）. The result of compressive strength tests shows that the compressive strength of the specimens consisting of silica fume increases significantly in comparison with the control specimens in all three environments. The compressive strength of the concrete with 15% silica fume content was about 30% to 50% higher than that of control specimens in all tested environments under the condition of using polluted aggregates in the designed mixture.展开更多
Detection of oil pollution in soil has been carried out using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy（LIBS）. A pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet（Nd：YAG） laser（1,064 nm, 8 ns, 200 mJ） was focused onto ...Detection of oil pollution in soil has been carried out using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy（LIBS）. A pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet（Nd：YAG） laser（1,064 nm, 8 ns, 200 mJ） was focused onto pelletized soil samples. Emission spectra were obtained from oil-contaminated soil and clean soil. The contaminated soil had almost the same spectrum profile as the clean soil and contained the same major and minor elements. However, a C–H molecular band was clearly detected in the oil-contaminated soil, while no C–H band was detected in the clean soil. Linear calibration curve of the C–H molecular band was successfully made by using a soil sample containing various concentrations of oil. The limit of detection of the C–H band in the soil sample was 0.001 mL/g. Furthermore, the emission spectrum of the contaminated soil clearly displayed titanium（Ti） lines, which were not detected in the clean soil. The existence of the C–H band and Ti lines in oil-contaminated soil can be used to clearly distinguish contaminated soil from clean soil. For comparison, the emission spectra of contaminated and clean soil were also obtained using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray（SEM/EDX） spectroscopy,showing that the spectra obtained using LIBS are much better than using SEM/EDX, as indicated by the signal to noise ratio（S/N ratio）.展开更多
The Niger Delta region has witnessed environmental impacts arising from oil production activities. Soil fertility in these areas and the entire marine habitat was investigated based on the re-occurring spill incidents...The Niger Delta region has witnessed environmental impacts arising from oil production activities. Soil fertility in these areas and the entire marine habitat was investigated based on the re-occurring spill incidents in the area to establish the consequences of oil pollution on key performance indicators as well as the remedial actions for resuscitation. One of the bases of evaluation was on the fertility profile of the area impacted by oil spills as compared with the areas without oil spills influence. A suitable cost effective and environmentally friendly technique to handle the pollutions in the Niger Delta region can be found in systematic containment, recovery, clean up and restoration of the marine habitat to its initial capacity and status to be able to sustain life once again.展开更多
This paper adopted an upstream FEM of 2-D unsteady flow to calculate the tidal flow in Zhoushan sea area. Based on the verification of the tidal current and environmental situation, the effects of the oily waste disch...This paper adopted an upstream FEM of 2-D unsteady flow to calculate the tidal flow in Zhoushan sea area. Based on the verification of the tidal current and environmental situation, the effects of the oily waste discharged from the oil berths on water quality have been calculated with a similar method. The isodilutions of oil pollutant are drawn from different sewage discharges. The moving loci of the slick centrepoint of oil spill have been calculated. The spreading area of the oil spill has also been forecasted. The results indicate that the set of models can predict the transport of oil spill in the sea area with reasonable accuracy.展开更多
The study evaluated the impact of crude oil pollution on natu- ral regeneration of plant species in a major oil-producing community in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Three sites--unpolluted site （US）, polluted a...The study evaluated the impact of crude oil pollution on natu- ral regeneration of plant species in a major oil-producing community in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Three sites--unpolluted site （US）, polluted and untreated site （PUS）, and polluted and treated site （PTS）-- were purposively chosen for the study. The seedling emergence method was used to evaluate soil seed banks in the various sites at two depths, 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm. Woody-plant species richness, abundance, and diversity were higher in the US seed bank than in the PUS and PTS seed banks. The highest number of non-woody plants was observed in the US, followed by the PTS, and then the PUS. Both species richness and diversity of non-woody plants were highest at the US, followed by the PUS, and lowest in the PTS. Woody species in the US seed bank were 87.5% and 80% dissimilar with those of the PUS and PTS at 0-10 cm and 10--20 cm respectively. No variation was observed between woody species in the PUS and PTS seed banks. Non-woody species at 0-10 em US seed bank were 73.08% dissimilar with those of PUS at the two soil depths and 81.48/88.46% dissimilar with those of the 0-10/10-20 cm of the PTS respectively. At 10-20 cm, non-woody species of theUS were 69.66% dissimilar with those from each of the two soil depths in PUS; and 73.91/81.82% dissimilar with those of 0-10/10-20 cm of the PTS respectively. Non-woody species variation between the PUS and PTS was higher at 10-20 cm than 0-10 cm. The poor seed bank attributes at the polluted sites demonstrates that crude oil pollution negatively af- fected the natural regeneration potential of the native flora because soil seed banks serve as the building blocks for plant succession. Thorough remediation and enrichment planting are recommended to support the recovery process of vegetation in the polluted areas.展开更多
RADARSAT data have a potential role for coastal pollution monitoring. This study presents a new approach to detect and forecast oil slick trajectory movements. The oil slick trajectory movements is based on the tidal ...RADARSAT data have a potential role for coastal pollution monitoring. This study presents a new approach to detect and forecast oil slick trajectory movements. The oil slick trajectory movements is based on the tidal current effects and Fay's algorithm for oil slick spreading mechanisms. The oil spill trajectory model contains the integration between Doppler frequency shift model and Lagrangian model. Doppler frequency shift model implemented to simulate tidal current pattern from RADARSAT data while the Lagrangian model used to predict oil spill spreading pattern. The classical Fay's algorithm was implemented with the two models to simulate the oil spill trajectory movements.The study shows that the slick lengths are effected by tidal current V component with maximum velocity of 1.4 m/s. This indicates that oil slick trajectory path is moved towards the north direction. The oil slick parcels are accumulated along the coastline after 48 h. The analysis indicated that tidal current V components were the dominant forcing for oil slick spreading.展开更多
A method of synchronous-high-derivative spectfluor for identification of crude oil and fuel oil pollution is studied. The best operation conditions for the 2nd and 4th deriv, are set. To differentiate oil-spill at riv...A method of synchronous-high-derivative spectfluor for identification of crude oil and fuel oil pollution is studied. The best operation conditions for the 2nd and 4th deriv, are set. To differentiate oil-spill at river and sea, this method is rapid and simple, and the spectra have high resolution power as 'fingerprint'.展开更多
On the basis of the investigation into ecological distribution degradation and the self-purification ability of hydrocarbons by microbes, this paper deals with the study of ecological distribution of hydrocarbon-degra...On the basis of the investigation into ecological distribution degradation and the self-purification ability of hydrocarbons by microbes, this paper deals with the study of ecological distribution of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and its correlation with environmental factors in a marine-enclosed experimental ecosystem in the eastern part of the Xiamen Bay.展开更多
Vessel-source marine oil pollution damage is governed by an international liability regime, including the CLC treaties, 2001 Bunker Convention and the 1977 Seabed Convention. Despite that ＂pollution damage＂ in these...Vessel-source marine oil pollution damage is governed by an international liability regime, including the CLC treaties, 2001 Bunker Convention and the 1977 Seabed Convention. Despite that ＂pollution damage＂ in these treaties does not exclude damage to marine biodiversity, the fact that damage to marine biodiversity is not mentioned in this regime arouses the question of compensability of damage to marine biodiversity under the regime. This article attempts to investigate this question from the perspectives of the relationship between marine environmental damage and damage to marine biodiversity and the possibility of compensation for damage to marine biodiversity under the regime. While the findings of this article reveal that the regime cannot provide sufficient compensation for such damage, this article in the conclusion offers some suggestions for the sake of remedying of damaged marine biodiversity under the regime.展开更多
Environmentally unfriendly Oil exploration activities have been ongoing in the Soku area of the Niger Delta of Nigeria since 1956. This study evaluated the concentration of hydrocarbons and heavy metals in Shellfish a...Environmentally unfriendly Oil exploration activities have been ongoing in the Soku area of the Niger Delta of Nigeria since 1956. This study evaluated the concentration of hydrocarbons and heavy metals in Shellfish and drinking water sources in the study area. It revealed the absence (<0.001 mg/l) of most heavy metals (Ni, Ch, Cd, Pb mg/l) in the water column;a high concentration of the major ion composition of seawater (sulphates 5 - 1018;calcium 0.502 - 53.502;sodium 1.247 - 63.337;potassium 0.508 - 102.745;magnesium 0.354 - 42.574 mg/l);and high PAHs (<0.001 - 0.032 mg/l) levels occurring above WHO limits (0.007 mg/l) with some risk of exposure to cancer. Results from the analysis of shellfish showed that concentrations of chromium and zinc were below permissible limits while cadmium concentrations were slightly above permissible limits of the European Community. Nickel and lead were above permissible limits in the fish samples in all standards while PAHs occurred at the cancer risk levels of 10?6. A review of the public health situation in the Soku area with a view to understanding current trends, sources of perturbations and preferable solutions to the potential public health challenges raised in this study is hereby recommended. Also, this study recommends that relevant agencies and developmental partners should launch a national drive to create awareness among people/environmental/public health professionals’/health workers/administrators on this regional concern.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on the progress of environmental remediation methodologies under the conditions of oil and heavy metal pollution. The main repair contaminated soil measures include chemical, physica...In this paper, we conduct research on the progress of environmental remediation methodologies under the conditions of oil and heavy metal pollution. The main repair contaminated soil measures include chemical, physical and chemical measures, biological repair measures and agricultural ecological measures, engineering measures, etc. Selection principle is to adjust measures to local conditions, at the same time, take the technical, economic and effects of factors such as accessibility. After comparing the mentioned techniques, we conclude that the bioremediation method holds the best effectiveness for us to make contribution to the environmental protection. In final part, we give the conclusion and sct up the prospect.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on the prevention methodologies and environmental protection countermeasures for oil pollution based on latest techniques from China and abroad. Petroleum and petrochemical industry ...In this paper, we conduct research on the prevention methodologies and environmental protection countermeasures for oil pollution based on latest techniques from China and abroad. Petroleum and petrochemical industry will also be able to have serious water pollution. Against oil pollution increasingly serious phenomenon, about how to control oil pollution has also carried on the thorough research and accumulated in the process of specific management experiences and lessons. We conduct theoretical analysis between the state-of-the-art methods of environmental protection countermeasures with examples, We firmly believe that more advances will occur in the future.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 40603017)the National Key Scientific and Technological Project of China (No. 2008ZX07207-007)
文摘The bacteria and plants were associated to remove diesel oil pollutants from soil.Three efficiently degrading bacteria(named strains Q10,Q14 and Q18,respectively) were isolated.Two plants(alfalfa and Indian mustard) were selected to form the association.Biodegradation of diesel oil pollutants in soil was accelerated by bacteria-plants association.The main results are summarized as follows.The plants-bacteria association was more effective in biodegradation of diesel oil pollutants in soil than in respective experiments carried out with plants or bacteria alone.Strain Q18-Indian mustard association resulted in the maximum diesel oil reduction(69.18%).The activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase in soil were enhanced and microbial populations in soil,especially in rhizosphere,were also stimulated in the treatment of bacteria-plant association.Overall,the soil conditions might be improved by alfalfa or Indian mustard to benefit the growth of bacteria,which resulted in degradation of diesel oil pollutants more effective by the bacteria-plant association.The bacteria-plants association may be a better approach to the removal of diesel oil pollutants from soil.
文摘In the article, status quo of oil pollution in China＇s offshore area was in- troduced, and the sources of oil pollution in the ocean were analyzed. Furthermore, the possible hazards of marine oil pollution were discussed and related countermea- sures were proposed, including implementation of laws and regulations, enhancing awareness of environment protection, improvement of pollution monitoring and early warning mechanism, physical treatment, chemical treatment and biological treatment. With economy development, the demand of oil is increasing accordingly. Hence, oil pollution has become an urgent issue to be solved for better exploration of oil and protection of marine environment.
文摘Because of the special physico-chemical properties and toxicity of oil in ocean, it causes the acute and chronic toxicity in marine life, through food chain comes into human body, has a serious harm on human＇s health. This test analysis influence of oil pollution in ocean, provides theoretical guidance of governing.
文摘The content and distributive feature of oil in Meizhou Bay, China during summer were analysed on the basis of water quality survey. The result showed that oil concentration ranges between 5—51 μg/dm 3 with an average of 19 8 μg/dm 3. The mixed coefficient is lower. The difference of oil distribution between high tide and low tide is related to the distribution of land pollution and is mainly decided by water dynamics. Average turn over rate and enrichment coefficient can provide fundamental information to estimate oil concentration in sea water.
基金This research was supported by the National Key and Fundamental ResearchDevelopment Programming Projects 863 (No. 2002AA648010).
文摘Objective The wetland at Dalian Bay in the Northeast of China has been polluted by oil severely. The effect of various microbes and operation parameters on the bioremediation of oil-polluted wetlands at Dalian Bay was investigated and reported previously. In the study, other operation conditions related to the status of medium were investigated via statistical experimental design and analysis and a necessary information is involved to use micro-technology in the application. Methods The method used involved the direct inoculation of selected bacteria, which were capable of degrading oil. The operation conditions were further optimized and evaluated by gravimetrical assay. Results The optimal pH and temperature for the studied bacteria to degrade the existing oil pollutants were established as pH 8.0 and 27℃. The mixed of various bacteria showed better results in terms of oil degradation than any single one. Among the selected four factors, disturbance, oxidant, nutrients, and biosurfactant, the former two contributed more impacts on the oil degradation in the early stage of process, while the latter two became the limiting factors in the late stage. Three sets of optimal conditions were obtained for each individual stage, but no one was suitable for the overall process. Conclusion The study demonstrated the technical feasibility of using direct inoculation into the contaminated soil samples to remove oil pollutants. It suggested that the operation conditions should be monitored and adjusted during the different stages of bio-reactions in the process to achieve the best result of oil degradation.
文摘The oysters ( Saccostrea cuculiata ) were collected from four stations around Xiamen Island (Lundu Port, Xinglin Bay, Tong" an Bay, Huangcuo). The relation between the level of petroleum hydrocarbon in whole tissue and the contents of glutathione (GSH), the activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in digestive gland and gill were investigated. The results showed: (1) The contents of petroleum hydrocarbon in oyster collected from four stations (Lundu Port, Xinglin Bay, Tong'an Bay, Huangcuo) were 380.68, 112.34, 27.31, 20.37μg/g wet weight, respectively; (2) the activity of Se-GPx and GST in digestive gland was lower than that in gill, and the content of GSH seemed reversibly; (3) among the four stations, both Se-GPx and GST activity of digestive gland and gill in Saccostrea cuculiata sampled from the four stations showed a good correlation with whole tissue petroleum hydrocarbon, could be as biomarkers of sea oil pollution.
基金supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Basic Scientific Research of Higher Education of China (27R1204018A)
文摘This paper discussed the optimization of conditions for remediation of crude oil-polluted soil based on pot experiment by applying reed-specific degrading bacteria, and using response surfaces methodology. We took the initial crude oil concentration, the amount of inoculation, the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the use of surfactant （Tween-80） as independent variables （factors）, and the degrading ratio of crude oil as the dependent variable （response） after a 90-day experiment. The experiment explored the impacts of each independent variable and their interactions on the bioremediation of crude oil-polluted soil using the Box-Behnken design. Working with a simulated forecasting model the study obtained optimization va reed＋specific degrading bacteria, a nitrogen to phosphorus ues for the treatment parameters of 200 g/kg of the ratio of about 6.0. and 0.2% surfactant. Under experimental conditions, for crude oil concentrations of 10, 30 and 50 g/kg, the optimal effects of the treatments achieved 71.87%, 66.61% and 54.52% degradation of the crude oil, respectively. The results can provide a basis for the technical development of plant-microorganism combined bioremediation of crude oil-polluted soil.
文摘This paper addresses increasing concern about the pollution threat of used oil being illegally dumped and the impact of oil on air pollution and freshwater ecosystems in Asian countries. Used oil is a very serious waste management problem. These results call for management action such as maximising the collection and recovery of used oil. The Thai government recognizes the need to recycle used oil and has been active in encouraging programs to accomplish this goal. Thus unless new approaches and incentives are developed, used oil generation may become an increasing serious problem to our environment. The purpose of this study is to examine the technical and economic feasibility, of recycling used oils. In addition, this paper briefly discusses the problems to be overcome and outlines potential mechanisms for providing the necessary disposal controls in order to maximize the protection to public health and environmental quality from potential hazards posed by used lube oil disposal.
基金the support of the Chabahar Maritime University for supporting this program and usage concrete laboratory of Civil Engineering Department
文摘In the present research, effect of silica fume as an additive and oil polluted sands as aggregates on compressive strength of concrete were investigated experimentally. The amount ofoil in the designed mixtures was assumed to be constant and equal to 2% of the sand weight. Silica fume accounting for 10%, 15% and 20% of the weight is added to the designed mixture. After preparation and curing, concrete specimens were placed into the three different conditions： fresh, brackish and saltwater environments （submerged in fresh water, alternation of exposed in air ＆ submerged in sea water and submerged in sea water）. The result of compressive strength tests shows that the compressive strength of the specimens consisting of silica fume increases significantly in comparison with the control specimens in all three environments. The compressive strength of the concrete with 15% silica fume content was about 30% to 50% higher than that of control specimens in all tested environments under the condition of using polluted aggregates in the designed mixture.
基金financially supported by Diponegoro University,Semarang,Indonesia (31419/UN7.5.1/PG/2015 and 573-18/UN7.5.1/PG/2016)
文摘Detection of oil pollution in soil has been carried out using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy（LIBS）. A pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet（Nd：YAG） laser（1,064 nm, 8 ns, 200 mJ） was focused onto pelletized soil samples. Emission spectra were obtained from oil-contaminated soil and clean soil. The contaminated soil had almost the same spectrum profile as the clean soil and contained the same major and minor elements. However, a C–H molecular band was clearly detected in the oil-contaminated soil, while no C–H band was detected in the clean soil. Linear calibration curve of the C–H molecular band was successfully made by using a soil sample containing various concentrations of oil. The limit of detection of the C–H band in the soil sample was 0.001 mL/g. Furthermore, the emission spectrum of the contaminated soil clearly displayed titanium（Ti） lines, which were not detected in the clean soil. The existence of the C–H band and Ti lines in oil-contaminated soil can be used to clearly distinguish contaminated soil from clean soil. For comparison, the emission spectra of contaminated and clean soil were also obtained using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray（SEM/EDX） spectroscopy,showing that the spectra obtained using LIBS are much better than using SEM/EDX, as indicated by the signal to noise ratio（S/N ratio）.
文摘The Niger Delta region has witnessed environmental impacts arising from oil production activities. Soil fertility in these areas and the entire marine habitat was investigated based on the re-occurring spill incidents in the area to establish the consequences of oil pollution on key performance indicators as well as the remedial actions for resuscitation. One of the bases of evaluation was on the fertility profile of the area impacted by oil spills as compared with the areas without oil spills influence. A suitable cost effective and environmentally friendly technique to handle the pollutions in the Niger Delta region can be found in systematic containment, recovery, clean up and restoration of the marine habitat to its initial capacity and status to be able to sustain life once again.
文摘This paper adopted an upstream FEM of 2-D unsteady flow to calculate the tidal flow in Zhoushan sea area. Based on the verification of the tidal current and environmental situation, the effects of the oily waste discharged from the oil berths on water quality have been calculated with a similar method. The isodilutions of oil pollutant are drawn from different sewage discharges. The moving loci of the slick centrepoint of oil spill have been calculated. The spreading area of the oil spill has also been forecasted. The results indicate that the set of models can predict the transport of oil spill in the sea area with reasonable accuracy.
文摘The study evaluated the impact of crude oil pollution on natu- ral regeneration of plant species in a major oil-producing community in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Three sites--unpolluted site （US）, polluted and untreated site （PUS）, and polluted and treated site （PTS）-- were purposively chosen for the study. The seedling emergence method was used to evaluate soil seed banks in the various sites at two depths, 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 20 cm. Woody-plant species richness, abundance, and diversity were higher in the US seed bank than in the PUS and PTS seed banks. The highest number of non-woody plants was observed in the US, followed by the PTS, and then the PUS. Both species richness and diversity of non-woody plants were highest at the US, followed by the PUS, and lowest in the PTS. Woody species in the US seed bank were 87.5% and 80% dissimilar with those of the PUS and PTS at 0-10 cm and 10--20 cm respectively. No variation was observed between woody species in the PUS and PTS seed banks. Non-woody species at 0-10 em US seed bank were 73.08% dissimilar with those of PUS at the two soil depths and 81.48/88.46% dissimilar with those of the 0-10/10-20 cm of the PTS respectively. At 10-20 cm, non-woody species of theUS were 69.66% dissimilar with those from each of the two soil depths in PUS; and 73.91/81.82% dissimilar with those of 0-10/10-20 cm of the PTS respectively. Non-woody species variation between the PUS and PTS was higher at 10-20 cm than 0-10 cm. The poor seed bank attributes at the polluted sites demonstrates that crude oil pollution negatively af- fected the natural regeneration potential of the native flora because soil seed banks serve as the building blocks for plant succession. Thorough remediation and enrichment planting are recommended to support the recovery process of vegetation in the polluted areas.
文摘RADARSAT data have a potential role for coastal pollution monitoring. This study presents a new approach to detect and forecast oil slick trajectory movements. The oil slick trajectory movements is based on the tidal current effects and Fay's algorithm for oil slick spreading mechanisms. The oil spill trajectory model contains the integration between Doppler frequency shift model and Lagrangian model. Doppler frequency shift model implemented to simulate tidal current pattern from RADARSAT data while the Lagrangian model used to predict oil spill spreading pattern. The classical Fay's algorithm was implemented with the two models to simulate the oil spill trajectory movements.The study shows that the slick lengths are effected by tidal current V component with maximum velocity of 1.4 m/s. This indicates that oil slick trajectory path is moved towards the north direction. The oil slick parcels are accumulated along the coastline after 48 h. The analysis indicated that tidal current V components were the dominant forcing for oil slick spreading.
文摘A method of synchronous-high-derivative spectfluor for identification of crude oil and fuel oil pollution is studied. The best operation conditions for the 2nd and 4th deriv, are set. To differentiate oil-spill at river and sea, this method is rapid and simple, and the spectra have high resolution power as 'fingerprint'.
文摘On the basis of the investigation into ecological distribution degradation and the self-purification ability of hydrocarbons by microbes, this paper deals with the study of ecological distribution of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and its correlation with environmental factors in a marine-enclosed experimental ecosystem in the eastern part of the Xiamen Bay.
文摘Vessel-source marine oil pollution damage is governed by an international liability regime, including the CLC treaties, 2001 Bunker Convention and the 1977 Seabed Convention. Despite that ＂pollution damage＂ in these treaties does not exclude damage to marine biodiversity, the fact that damage to marine biodiversity is not mentioned in this regime arouses the question of compensability of damage to marine biodiversity under the regime. This article attempts to investigate this question from the perspectives of the relationship between marine environmental damage and damage to marine biodiversity and the possibility of compensation for damage to marine biodiversity under the regime. While the findings of this article reveal that the regime cannot provide sufficient compensation for such damage, this article in the conclusion offers some suggestions for the sake of remedying of damaged marine biodiversity under the regime.
文摘Environmentally unfriendly Oil exploration activities have been ongoing in the Soku area of the Niger Delta of Nigeria since 1956. This study evaluated the concentration of hydrocarbons and heavy metals in Shellfish and drinking water sources in the study area. It revealed the absence (<0.001 mg/l) of most heavy metals (Ni, Ch, Cd, Pb mg/l) in the water column;a high concentration of the major ion composition of seawater (sulphates 5 - 1018;calcium 0.502 - 53.502;sodium 1.247 - 63.337;potassium 0.508 - 102.745;magnesium 0.354 - 42.574 mg/l);and high PAHs (<0.001 - 0.032 mg/l) levels occurring above WHO limits (0.007 mg/l) with some risk of exposure to cancer. Results from the analysis of shellfish showed that concentrations of chromium and zinc were below permissible limits while cadmium concentrations were slightly above permissible limits of the European Community. Nickel and lead were above permissible limits in the fish samples in all standards while PAHs occurred at the cancer risk levels of 10?6. A review of the public health situation in the Soku area with a view to understanding current trends, sources of perturbations and preferable solutions to the potential public health challenges raised in this study is hereby recommended. Also, this study recommends that relevant agencies and developmental partners should launch a national drive to create awareness among people/environmental/public health professionals’/health workers/administrators on this regional concern.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the progress of environmental remediation methodologies under the conditions of oil and heavy metal pollution. The main repair contaminated soil measures include chemical, physical and chemical measures, biological repair measures and agricultural ecological measures, engineering measures, etc. Selection principle is to adjust measures to local conditions, at the same time, take the technical, economic and effects of factors such as accessibility. After comparing the mentioned techniques, we conclude that the bioremediation method holds the best effectiveness for us to make contribution to the environmental protection. In final part, we give the conclusion and sct up the prospect.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the prevention methodologies and environmental protection countermeasures for oil pollution based on latest techniques from China and abroad. Petroleum and petrochemical industry will also be able to have serious water pollution. Against oil pollution increasingly serious phenomenon, about how to control oil pollution has also carried on the thorough research and accumulated in the process of specific management experiences and lessons. We conduct theoretical analysis between the state-of-the-art methods of environmental protection countermeasures with examples, We firmly believe that more advances will occur in the future.
