Orbital fractures refer to all continuity solutions involving the wall of the orbit. They are responsible for serious complications, particularly ophthalmological. Objective: To identify the epidemiological, anatomica...Orbital fractures refer to all continuity solutions involving the wall of the orbit. They are responsible for serious complications, particularly ophthalmological. Objective: To identify the epidemiological, anatomical and clinical aspects as well as the possible ocular complications of orbital fractures in the Gbêkê region. Methods: Prospective study from July 1, 2020, to October 31, 2020, i.e., a duration of 4 months. It took place in the ophthalmology department of the University Hospital of Bouaké. Patients with orbital fractures with ocular repercussions received during the study period were included. Results: Out of 27 cases of orbital floor fracture received, 20 had ocular complications, i.e., a prevalence of 74.07%. The average age was 32 years with extremes of 18 and 48 years. The male gender predominated with 80%, i.e. a sex ratio of 4. Subconjunctival hemorrhage was the most frequent reason for consultation (70%). The etiology was dominated by road traffic accidents (85%). The average consultation time was 24 hours. 80% of the patients had a distance visual acuity (DVA) between 3/10 and 10/10.) Diplopia was observed in 60% of patients. Blow out fracture (70%) was the most prominent orbital lesion. At the paraclinical level, 80% of the patients had performed a CT scan of the orbit. Evisceration was the predominant ophthalmologic surgical management (4 patients). At the bone level, reconstruction of the orbital floor with a polydioxanone plate (PDS) was performed in 50% of patients. Conclusion: The risk of ocular injury in orbital fractures is frequent because of the close relationship between the orbit and the eyeball.展开更多
Orbital fractures generally do not cause eyelid malposition.Studies have shown that mostly eyelid malposition is mainly due to the choice of surgical approaches of orbital fracture repair.Approaches are divided into t...Orbital fractures generally do not cause eyelid malposition.Studies have shown that mostly eyelid malposition is mainly due to the choice of surgical approaches of orbital fracture repair.Approaches are divided into transcutaneous and transconjunctival ones.The application of orbital fracture approaches depends on fractures’range and the surgeons’preferences.Eyelid malposition after orbital fracture surgery is not only an aesthetic concern but also a functional complication,which will cause eyes discomfort,such as corneal exposure and ocular irritation.Some patients may have multiple types of eyelid malposition.In this review,we summarized the surgical approaches of orbital fractures and the complications including scar,ectropion,retraction,entropion,flattening,laceration and lacrimal canaliculus avulsion and notch deformity that associated with eyelid,especially the lower eyelid.Reports revealed that the scar usually occurred in infraorbital incisions compared with subtarsal and subciliary incisions,and the transconjunctival approach had a higher incidence of entropion and flattening,and less ectropion than the transcutaneous approach.Meanwhile,pathogenesis of eyelid malposition after orbital fracture surgery are discussed.Furthermore,to prevent eyelid malposition complications,doctors should choose the appropriate orbital fracture approach according to the patient’s needs,and delicate tissue management,technical expertise,and meticulous hemostasis are necessary.Conservative treatment with taping,lubricating ointment,and steroid for eyelid malposition complications should be performed first,and then surgical intervention when the conservative treatment fails.展开更多
·AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of complex orbital fracture reconstruction with titanium implants. ·METHODS:A retrospective review of 46 patients treated with complex orbital fractures reconstr...·AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of complex orbital fracture reconstruction with titanium implants. ·METHODS:A retrospective review of 46 patients treated with complex orbital fractures reconstruction using titanium implants from January 2005 to December 2008 was conducted. The following data were recorded:age, gender, mechanism of injury, preoperative and postoperative orbital CT, visual acuity, diplopia, ocular motility and Hertel exophthalmometer. ·RESULTS:The most common cause was motor vehicle accident (47.8%), followed by industrial injury (30.4%). All patients had improved appearance after operation and CT scan at one week after operation showed the fracture defects of orbit and neighboring areas had been reconstructed. Forty-six cases had various degrees of enophthalmos before operation. Among them, 32 cases were completely corrected, 11 cases improved obviously and 3 cases had no improvement after operation. Thirty-six patients with visual acuity ≥20/60 revealed diplopia of various degrees, including 26 patients had diplopia in right ahead and/or reading positions. At the sixth month after operation, diplopia disappeared in five patients, 7 patients still had diplopia in right ahead and/or reading positions, 14 patients had diplopia in positions rather than right ahead and reading positions (<20°) and ten patients had diplopia only at peripheral gazing (>20°). All patients had various degrees of ocular motility disorders before operation. At the sixth month after operation, eyeball movement disorder disappeared in 9 patients, 31 patients showed improvement and 6 patients had no improvement. Complications of implant infection, rejection and displacement were not reported after operation. ·CONCLUSION:The application of titanium implants in the repair of complex orbital fractures greatly improves the appearance and functional results, which is a favorable material for plastic surgery of complex orbital fracture.展开更多
Background:Orbital fractures are common injuries found in facial trauma.Typical etiologies of orbital fractures include motor vehicle collisions and assault.We report the case of a 32-year-old male who suffered an orb...Background:Orbital fractures are common injuries found in facial trauma.Typical etiologies of orbital fractures include motor vehicle collisions and assault.We report the case of a 32-year-old male who suffered an orbital fracture from a water balloon.Additionally,we describe the aeromedical complications that may result from this injury.Finally,we attempt to answer the question of when a patient may return to flying after sustaining such an injury through review of the literature.Case presentation:A 32-year-old male pilot with the United States Air Force was at an outdoor event with his unit when he was struck with a water balloon launched from a sling shot into his left orbit.Shortly afterwards,he had an onset of subcutaneous emphysema and was escorted to a nearby Emergency Department.Computed tomography identified an orbital fracture with associated orbital and subcutaneous emphysema.The patient was evaluated by a plastic surgeon and was determined not to be a surgical candidate.Four weeks later,he returned to flying status.Conclusions:Water balloons are thought to be safe and harmless toys.However,when coupled with sling shots,water balloons can become formidable projectiles capable of significant orbital injury including orbital fractures.These injuries are concerning to aviators,as the most common sites for fractures of the orbit are the thin ethmoid and maxillary bones adjacent to the sinuses.At altitude,gases in the sinuses may expand and enter the orbit through these fractures,which may suddenly incapacitate the flyer.It is important for flight surgeons to identify and assess these individuals to determine suitability for flying.展开更多
Objective To explore the method of treating serious secondary fronto-orbital fracture deformities through intro-extra cranial approach. Methods The fronto-orbital fracture was divided into two types according to wheth...Objective To explore the method of treating serious secondary fronto-orbital fracture deformities through intro-extra cranial approach. Methods The fronto-orbital fracture was divided into two types according to whether there were any large scale fronto-otbital bone defects; typeⅠ: Large scale fronto-orbital bone defect; type Ⅱ: Concave fronto-orbital fracture deformity without large scale bone defect. Both types were treated throuth intro-extra cranial approach to expose the fracture site. For typel deformity, the bone defects were repaired and reconstructed with outer table of cranial bone and artificial bone. For type Ⅱ, the deformity was repaired by osteotomy, bone reposition and internal rigid fixation. Results 18 cases were treated from June 1998 to October 2000, include typeⅠ, 12 cases, and typeⅡ, 6 cases. All the patients recovered well and the post-operative appearance were greatly improved. Conclusion Intro-extra cranial approach can June 2003 Vol12 No2 expose the fractured site better展开更多
●AIM:To explore the combined application of surgical navigation nasal endoscopy(NNE)and three-dimensional printing technology(3DPT)for the adjunctive treatment of orbital blowout fractures(OBF).●METHODS:Retrospectiv...●AIM:To explore the combined application of surgical navigation nasal endoscopy(NNE)and three-dimensional printing technology(3DPT)for the adjunctive treatment of orbital blowout fractures(OBF).●METHODS:Retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of patients with OBF who underwent surgical treatment at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University between July 2012 and November 2022.The control group consisted of patients who received traditional surgical treatment(n=43),while the new surgical group(n=52)consisted of patients who received NNE with 3DPT.The difference in therapeutic effects between the two groups was evaluated by comparing the duration of the operation,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),enophthalmos difference,recovery rate of eye movement disorder,recovery rate of diplopia,and incidence of postoperative complications.●RESULTS:The study included 95 cases(95 eyes),with 63 men and 32 women.The patients’age ranged from 5 to 67y(35.21±15.75y).The new surgical group and the control group exhibited no statistically significant differences in the duration of the operation,BCVA and enophthalmos difference.The recovery rates of diplopia in the new surgical group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 1mo[OR=0.03,95%CI(0.01–0.15),P<0.0000]and 3mo[OR=0.11,95%CI(0.03–0.36),P<0.0000]postoperation.Additionally,the recovery rates of eye movement disorders at 1 and 3mo after surgery were OR=0.08,95%CI(0.03–0.24),P<0.0000;and OR=0.01,95%CI(0.00–0.18),P<0.0000.The incidence of postoperative complications was lower in the new surgical group compared to the control group[OR=4.86,95%CI(0.95–24.78),P<0.05].●CONCLUSION:The combination of NNE and 3DPT can shorten the recovery time of diplopia and eye movement disorder in patients with OBF.展开更多
Radial borehole fracturing that combines radial boreholes with hydraulic fracturing is anticipated to improve the output of tight oil and gas reservoirs.This paper aims to investigate fracture propagation and pressure...Radial borehole fracturing that combines radial boreholes with hydraulic fracturing is anticipated to improve the output of tight oil and gas reservoirs.This paper aims to investigate fracture propagation and pressure characteristics of radial borehole fracturing in multiple layers.A series of laboratory experiments with artificial rock samples(395 mm×395 mm×395 mm)was conducted using a true triaxial fracturing device.Three crucial factors corresponding to the vertical distance of adjacent radial borehole layers(vertical distance),the azimuth and diameter of the radial borehole are examined.Experimental results show that radial borehole fracturing in multiple layers generates diverse fracture geometries.Four types of fractures are identified based on the connectivity between hydraulic fractures and radial boreholes.The vertical distance significantly influences fracture propagation perpendicular to the radial borehole axis.An increase in the vertical distance impedes fracture connection across multiple radial borehole layers and reduces the fracture propagation distance along the radial borehole axis.The azimuth also influences fracture propagation along the radial borehole axis.Increasing the azimuth reduces the guiding ability of radial boreholes,which makes the fracture quickly curve to the maximum horizontal stress direction.The breakdown pressure correlates with diverse fracture geometries observed.When the fractures connect multi-layer radial boreholes,increasing the vertical distance decreases the breakdown pressure.Decreasing the azimuth and increasing the diameter also decrease the breakdown pressure.The extrusion force exists between the adjacent fractures generated in radial boreholes in multiple rows,which plays a crucial role in enhancing the guiding ability of radial boreholes and results in higher breakdown pressure.The research provides valuable theoretical insights for the field application of radial borehole fracturing technology in tight oil and gas reservoirs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Distal humerus elbow fractures are one of the most common traumatic fractures seen in pediatric patients and present as three main types:Supracondylar(SC),lateral condyle(LC),and medial epicondyle(ME)fractu...BACKGROUND Distal humerus elbow fractures are one of the most common traumatic fractures seen in pediatric patients and present as three main types:Supracondylar(SC),lateral condyle(LC),and medial epicondyle(ME)fractures.AIM To evaluate the epidemiology of pediatric distal humerus fractures(SC,LC,and ME)from an American insurance claims database.METHODS A retrospective review was performed on patients 17 years and younger with the ICD 9 and 10 codes for SC,LC and ME fractures based on the IBM Truven MarketScan®Commercial and IBM Truven MarketScan Medicare Supplemental databases.Patients from 2015 to 2020 were queried for treatments,patient age,sex,length of hospitalization,and comorbidities.RESULTS A total of 1133 SC,154 LC,and 124 ME fractures were identified.SC fractures had the highest percentage of operation at 83%,followed by LC(78%)and ME fractures(41%).Male patients were,on average,older than female patients for both SC and ME fractures.CONCLUSION In the insurance claims databases used,SC fractures were the most reported,followed by LC fractures,and finally ME fractures.Age was identified to be a factor for how a pediatric distal humerus fractures,with patients with SC and LC fractures being younger than those with ME fractures.The peak age per injury per sex was similar to reported historic central tendencies,despite reported trends for younger physiologic development.展开更多
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the predictive value of blood calcium in the prognosis of traumatic fracture. Methods: A retrospective experimental design was employed, 112 cases (52 non-fracture and 60 trauma...Purpose: This study aims to investigate the predictive value of blood calcium in the prognosis of traumatic fracture. Methods: A retrospective experimental design was employed, 112 cases (52 non-fracture and 60 traumatic fracture) were randomly selected. The type of fracture complies with WHO-recommended (2019) diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis combined with fracture. The blood pressure (BP) was measured by OMRON’s HEM-7136 model electronic blood pressure monitor. Blood calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>), and blood phosphorus (P) values were measured using Colorimetric Roche kits on a Roche/Hitachi fully automated biochemical analyzer. Data collection and analysis followed. Results: Higher levels of age, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were found in the traumatic fracture group compared to the control group, whereas weight, height, and blood phosphorus did not differ significantly (P adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and blood phosphorus, binary logistic regression analysis revealed that blood calcium was a protective factor against traumatic fracture (β = -26.85, OR = 0.00, 95% CI = 0.00 -0.02, P = 0.022). Conclusion: The findings suggest that high and low blood calcium levels may serve as useful indicators in predicting the prognosis of fractures resulting from trauma.展开更多
Stability analysis of underground constructions requires a model study of rock masses’ long-term performance. Creep tests under different stress conditions was conducted on intact granite and granite samples fracture...Stability analysis of underground constructions requires a model study of rock masses’ long-term performance. Creep tests under different stress conditions was conducted on intact granite and granite samples fractured at 30° and 45° angles. The experimental results indicate that the steady creep strain rates of intact and fractured rock present an exponential increase trend with the increase of stress level. A nonlinear creep model is developed based on the experimental results, in which the initial damage caused by fracture together with the damage caused by constant load have been taken into consideration. The fitting analysis results indicated that the model proposed is more accurate at identifying the full creep regions in fractured granite, especially the accelerated stage of creep deformation. The least-square fit error of the proposed creep model is significantly lower than that of Nishihara model by almost an order of magnitude. An analysis of the effects of elastic modulus, viscosity coefficient, and damage factors on fractured rock strain rate and creep strain is conducted. If no consideration is given to the effects of the damage, the proposed nonlinear creep model can degenerate into to the classical Nishihara model.展开更多
Horizontal well-stimulation is the key to unconventional resource exploration and development.The development mode of the well plant helps increase the stimulated reservoir volume.Nevertheless,fracture interference be...Horizontal well-stimulation is the key to unconventional resource exploration and development.The development mode of the well plant helps increase the stimulated reservoir volume.Nevertheless,fracture interference between wells reduces the fracturing effect.Here,a 2D hydro-mechanical coupling model describing hydraulic fracture(HF)propagation is established with the extended finite element method,and the effects of several factors on HF propagation during multiple wells fracturing are analyzed.The results show that with an increase in elastic modulus,horizontal principal stress difference and injection fluid displacement,the total fracture area and the reservoir stimulation efficiency are both improved in all three fracturing technologies.After a comparison of the three technologies,the method of improved zipper fracturing is proposed,which avoids mutual interference between HFs,and the reservoir stimulation effect is improved significantly.The study provides guidance for optimizing the fracturing technology of multiple horizontal wells.展开更多
Introduction: Forearm fractures involving both the radius and ulna, present distinctive challenges in orthopedic trauma management. This case report explores the complexities of a rare case of bilateral fractures, emp...Introduction: Forearm fractures involving both the radius and ulna, present distinctive challenges in orthopedic trauma management. This case report explores the complexities of a rare case of bilateral fractures, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach for optimal outcomes. Case Presentation: This report presents the case of a 40-year-old motorcyclist who was involved in a road accident and arrived at the emergency department shortly after the incident. Clinical examination revealed closed fractures in both forearms with mild swelling and severe tenderness. Fortunately, no neurovascular issues or compartment syndrome were detected. The patient was administered intravenous fluids and effective pain relief. Forearm splints were applied and the arms were elevated using pillows. Radiographs showed fractures in the right distal radius and ulna, as well as the left mid-shaft radius and ulna. Under general anesthesia, open reduction and internal fixation were per-formed using plates and screws for all four fractures. Postoperatively, the patient’s arms were immobilized and elevated, with gradual recovery during follow-up appointments over six months, eventually achieving full function without complaints. Conclusion: This article highlights the possibility, although infrequent, of bilateral shaft fractures of the ulna and radius. With thorough clinical assessment and radiological investigation, such fractures can be well-defined. The required definitive treatment, which usually involves open reduction and internal fixation, can be performed.展开更多
Introduction: The commonest maxillofacial fractures involve the mandible. Age can be considered among influential factors. Aim of the Study: To compare mandibular fractures between children and adults from the beginni...Introduction: The commonest maxillofacial fractures involve the mandible. Age can be considered among influential factors. Aim of the Study: To compare mandibular fractures between children and adults from the beginning up to the treatment in Senegal. Patients and Method: A three-year retrospective study was conducted in a university hospital. The medical records of patients admitted for maxillofacial injuries were reviewed. Patient and injury-related variables including age, gender, etiology, average consultation delay, anatomic location of fracture and treatment were compared up to age of 15 and beyond that. Results: Considering 272 casualties, maxillofacial fractures were less frequent among children than adults (36.7% and 59.7%) and were mainly mandibular (90.1% and 91.4%). Male predilection (sex ratio of 2.4 and 4.9) was twice (2) as pronounced from the age of 16. The average consultation delay was two (2) times shorter for children. Road traffic accidents which predominated among children (33.9%) had comparable frequency (32.3%) although they were outnumbered by assault (37.6%) among adults. Fractures occurred mainly on the corpus (90.1% and 90.4%), particularly on parasymphysis (40.1%) up to the age of 15, whereas angle fractures increased (8.5% to 19.6%) and joint damage decreased afterwards. Intra-oral orthopedic procedures (91.2% and 92.6%) in which mandibular retention splints were more common (37.3%) up to the age of 15 then arch ligatures (49%) were then widely favored. Conclusion: Differences relating to the distribution of causes but also to the anatomic location on the corpus and to the choice of intra-oral orthopedic procedures within overall similarities between children and adults regarding the male predilection, the frequency of road traffic accidents, the mandibular injuries, but also the school therapeutic attitude consisting of favoring the orthopedic option.展开更多
Orbital angular momentum(OAM)holography has become a promising technique in information encryption,data storage and opto-electronic computing,owing to the infinite topological charge of one single OAM mode and the ort...Orbital angular momentum(OAM)holography has become a promising technique in information encryption,data storage and opto-electronic computing,owing to the infinite topological charge of one single OAM mode and the orthogonality of different OAM modes.In this paper,we propose a novel OAM hologram generation method based on a densely connected U-net(DCU),where the densely connected convolution blocks(DCB)replace the convolution blocks of the U-net.Importantly,the reconstruction process of the OAM hologram is integrated into DCU as its output layer,so as to eliminate the requirement to prepare training data for the OAM hologram,which is required by conventional neural networks through an iterative algorithm.The experimental and simulation results show that the OAM hologram can rapidly be generated with the well-trained DCU,and the reconstructed image's quality from the generated OAM hologram is significantly improved in comparison with those from the Gerchberg-Saxton generation method,the Gerchberg-Saxton based generation method and the U-net method.In addition,a 10-bit OAM multiplexing hologram scheme is numerically demonstrated to have a high capacity with OAM hologram.展开更多
Orbital angular momentum(OAM), as a new degree of freedom, has recently been applied in holography technology.Due to the infinite helical mode index of OAM mode, a large number of holographic images can be reconstruct...Orbital angular momentum(OAM), as a new degree of freedom, has recently been applied in holography technology.Due to the infinite helical mode index of OAM mode, a large number of holographic images can be reconstructed from an OAM-multiplexing hologram. However, the traditional design of an OAM hologram is constrained by the helical mode index of the selected OAM mode, for a larger helical mode index OAM mode has a bigger sampling distance, and the crosstalk is produced for different sampling distances for different OAM modes. In this paper, we present the design of the OAM hologram based on a Bessel–Gaussian beam, which is non-diffractive and has a self-healing property during its propagation. The Fourier transform of the Bessel–Gaussian beam is the perfect vortex mode that has the fixed ring radius for different OAM modes. The results of simulation and experiment have demonstrated the feasibility of the generation of the OAM hologram with the Bessel–Gaussian beam. The quality of the reconstructed holographic image is increased, and the security is enhanced. Additionally, the anti-interference property is improved owing to its self-healing property of the Bessel-OAM holography.展开更多
The d-d orbital coupling induced by crystal-phase engineering can effectively adjust the electronic structure of electrocatalysts,thus showing significant catalytic performance,while it has been rarely explored in ele...The d-d orbital coupling induced by crystal-phase engineering can effectively adjust the electronic structure of electrocatalysts,thus showing significant catalytic performance,while it has been rarely explored in electrochemical acetonitrile reduction reaction(ARR)to date.Herein,we successfully realize the structural transformation of Pd Cu metallic aerogels(MAs)from face-centered cubic(FCC)to body-centered cubic(BCC)through annealing treatment.Specifically,the BCC Pd Cu MAs exhibit excellent ARR performance with high ethylamine selectivity of 90.91%,Faradaic efficiency of 88.60%,yield rate of 316.0 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1)_(Pd+Cu)and long-term stability for consecutive electrolysis within 20 h at-0.55 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode,outperforming than those of FCC Pd Cu MAs.Under the membrane electrode assembly system,BCC Pd Cu MAs also demonstrate excellent ethylamine yield rate of 389.5 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1)_(Pd+Cu).Density functional theory calculation reveals that the d-d orbital coupling in BCC Pd Cu MAs results in an evident correlation effect for the interaction of Pd and Cu sites,which boosts up the Cu sites electronic activities to enhance ARR performance.Our work opens a new route to develop efficient ARR electrocatalysts from the perspective of crystalline structure transformation.展开更多
Shale gas is an important component of unconventional oil and gas resources.Studying the imbibition behavior is helpful to optimize flowback parameters and enhance gas recovery.Recent imbibition studies have focused o...Shale gas is an important component of unconventional oil and gas resources.Studying the imbibition behavior is helpful to optimize flowback parameters and enhance gas recovery.Recent imbibition studies have focused on shale matrix,and the pressure conditions discussed were mostly atmospheric.The initial imbibition behavior begins from propped fractures to matrix,but there are few studies working on explaining the imbibition behavior in propped fractures or the phenomenon of many shale wells exhibit higher productivity after a“soaking”period.Therefore,propped fracture samples were designed for imbibition and migration experiments.In order to accurately study the mechanism and main influencing factors of fracturing fluid imbibition and migration in propped and unpropped shale fractures under high temperature and high pressure,a series of experiments based on nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)were carried out.Results showed that NMR T2 spectra of all samples exhibited a bimodal distribution.The final imbibition volume of fracturing fluid was positively related to pressure and fracture width.The imbibition effect of fracturing fluid was more evident in matrix pores under high pressure.In the migration during soaking stage,the fracturing fluid gradually migrated from large pores to small pores and gradually displaced the shale gas from the matrix,thus allowing the water blocking in propped fractures to self-unlock to some extent.Gas permeability decreased in the imbibition stage,while it recovered in the migration stage to some extent.展开更多
Fractures of the humeral paddle, common to young adults, are most often complex, linked to violence and an increase in road accidents. The objective of our work is to evaluate our functional results, in the medium ter...Fractures of the humeral paddle, common to young adults, are most often complex, linked to violence and an increase in road accidents. The objective of our work is to evaluate our functional results, in the medium term, correlated with a review of the literature. This is a retrospective study of 63 patients, carried out in the traumatology-orthopedics department 1 of the IBN EL JAZZAR hospital in KAIROUAN, over a period of 7 years from January 2015 to December 2021. The average age of patients was 39 years (17 - 68 years). Predominantly male. The etiologies are dominated by falls and accidents on public roads. Fractures are classified according to the Müller and Allgöwer classification where type C is found in 51% of cases. All our patients undergo an olecranon osteotomy in 71% of cases. Osteosynthesis using a Lecestre plate combined with screwing or plugging is used in 84% of cases. The evolution is marked by complications observed in eight patients (16%), including two cases of sepsis, four cases of elbow stiffness (8%), one case of joint callus and one case of pseudarthrosis. Our results are evaluated according to the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, they are excellent and good in 71% of cases, average in 18% of cases and poor in 11% of cases. Fractures of the humeral paddle are fractures with a satisfactory functional prognosis, requiring ad integrum anatomical restoration and solid osteosynthesis allowing early rehabilitation of the elbow. One case of joint callus and one case of pseudarthrosis.展开更多
The surrounding rock of roadways exhibits intricate characteristics of discontinuity and heterogeneity.To address these complexities,this study employs non-local Peridynamics(PD)theory and reconstructs the kernel func...The surrounding rock of roadways exhibits intricate characteristics of discontinuity and heterogeneity.To address these complexities,this study employs non-local Peridynamics(PD)theory and reconstructs the kernel function to represent accurately the spatial decline of long-range force.Additionally,modifications to the traditional bondbased PD model are made.By considering the micro-structure of coal-rock materials within a uniform discrete model,heterogeneity characterized by bond random pre-breaking is introduced.This approach facilitates the proposal of a novel model capable of handling the random distribution characteristics of material heterogeneity,rendering the PD model suitable for analyzing the deformation and failure of heterogeneous layered coal-rock mass structures.The established numerical model and simulation method,termed the sub-homogeneous PD model,not only incorporates the support effect but also captures accurately the random heterogeneous micro-structure of roadway surrounding rock.The simulation results obtained using this model show good agreement with field measurements from the Fucun coal mine,effectively validating the model’s capability in accurately reproducing the deformation and failure mode of surrounding rock under bolt-supported(anchor cable).The proposed subhomogeneous PD model presents a valuable and effective simulation tool for studying the deformation and failure of roadway surrounding rock in coal mines,offering new insights and potential advancements.展开更多
文摘Orbital fractures refer to all continuity solutions involving the wall of the orbit. They are responsible for serious complications, particularly ophthalmological. Objective: To identify the epidemiological, anatomical and clinical aspects as well as the possible ocular complications of orbital fractures in the Gbêkê region. Methods: Prospective study from July 1, 2020, to October 31, 2020, i.e., a duration of 4 months. It took place in the ophthalmology department of the University Hospital of Bouaké. Patients with orbital fractures with ocular repercussions received during the study period were included. Results: Out of 27 cases of orbital floor fracture received, 20 had ocular complications, i.e., a prevalence of 74.07%. The average age was 32 years with extremes of 18 and 48 years. The male gender predominated with 80%, i.e. a sex ratio of 4. Subconjunctival hemorrhage was the most frequent reason for consultation (70%). The etiology was dominated by road traffic accidents (85%). The average consultation time was 24 hours. 80% of the patients had a distance visual acuity (DVA) between 3/10 and 10/10.) Diplopia was observed in 60% of patients. Blow out fracture (70%) was the most prominent orbital lesion. At the paraclinical level, 80% of the patients had performed a CT scan of the orbit. Evisceration was the predominant ophthalmologic surgical management (4 patients). At the bone level, reconstruction of the orbital floor with a polydioxanone plate (PDS) was performed in 50% of patients. Conclusion: The risk of ocular injury in orbital fractures is frequent because of the close relationship between the orbit and the eyeball.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 81970834 and 81870688)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(grants 19441900800).
文摘Orbital fractures generally do not cause eyelid malposition.Studies have shown that mostly eyelid malposition is mainly due to the choice of surgical approaches of orbital fracture repair.Approaches are divided into transcutaneous and transconjunctival ones.The application of orbital fracture approaches depends on fractures’range and the surgeons’preferences.Eyelid malposition after orbital fracture surgery is not only an aesthetic concern but also a functional complication,which will cause eyes discomfort,such as corneal exposure and ocular irritation.Some patients may have multiple types of eyelid malposition.In this review,we summarized the surgical approaches of orbital fractures and the complications including scar,ectropion,retraction,entropion,flattening,laceration and lacrimal canaliculus avulsion and notch deformity that associated with eyelid,especially the lower eyelid.Reports revealed that the scar usually occurred in infraorbital incisions compared with subtarsal and subciliary incisions,and the transconjunctival approach had a higher incidence of entropion and flattening,and less ectropion than the transcutaneous approach.Meanwhile,pathogenesis of eyelid malposition after orbital fracture surgery are discussed.Furthermore,to prevent eyelid malposition complications,doctors should choose the appropriate orbital fracture approach according to the patient’s needs,and delicate tissue management,technical expertise,and meticulous hemostasis are necessary.Conservative treatment with taping,lubricating ointment,and steroid for eyelid malposition complications should be performed first,and then surgical intervention when the conservative treatment fails.
文摘·AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of complex orbital fracture reconstruction with titanium implants. ·METHODS:A retrospective review of 46 patients treated with complex orbital fractures reconstruction using titanium implants from January 2005 to December 2008 was conducted. The following data were recorded:age, gender, mechanism of injury, preoperative and postoperative orbital CT, visual acuity, diplopia, ocular motility and Hertel exophthalmometer. ·RESULTS:The most common cause was motor vehicle accident (47.8%), followed by industrial injury (30.4%). All patients had improved appearance after operation and CT scan at one week after operation showed the fracture defects of orbit and neighboring areas had been reconstructed. Forty-six cases had various degrees of enophthalmos before operation. Among them, 32 cases were completely corrected, 11 cases improved obviously and 3 cases had no improvement after operation. Thirty-six patients with visual acuity ≥20/60 revealed diplopia of various degrees, including 26 patients had diplopia in right ahead and/or reading positions. At the sixth month after operation, diplopia disappeared in five patients, 7 patients still had diplopia in right ahead and/or reading positions, 14 patients had diplopia in positions rather than right ahead and reading positions (<20°) and ten patients had diplopia only at peripheral gazing (>20°). All patients had various degrees of ocular motility disorders before operation. At the sixth month after operation, eyeball movement disorder disappeared in 9 patients, 31 patients showed improvement and 6 patients had no improvement. Complications of implant infection, rejection and displacement were not reported after operation. ·CONCLUSION:The application of titanium implants in the repair of complex orbital fractures greatly improves the appearance and functional results, which is a favorable material for plastic surgery of complex orbital fracture.
文摘Background:Orbital fractures are common injuries found in facial trauma.Typical etiologies of orbital fractures include motor vehicle collisions and assault.We report the case of a 32-year-old male who suffered an orbital fracture from a water balloon.Additionally,we describe the aeromedical complications that may result from this injury.Finally,we attempt to answer the question of when a patient may return to flying after sustaining such an injury through review of the literature.Case presentation:A 32-year-old male pilot with the United States Air Force was at an outdoor event with his unit when he was struck with a water balloon launched from a sling shot into his left orbit.Shortly afterwards,he had an onset of subcutaneous emphysema and was escorted to a nearby Emergency Department.Computed tomography identified an orbital fracture with associated orbital and subcutaneous emphysema.The patient was evaluated by a plastic surgeon and was determined not to be a surgical candidate.Four weeks later,he returned to flying status.Conclusions:Water balloons are thought to be safe and harmless toys.However,when coupled with sling shots,water balloons can become formidable projectiles capable of significant orbital injury including orbital fractures.These injuries are concerning to aviators,as the most common sites for fractures of the orbit are the thin ethmoid and maxillary bones adjacent to the sinuses.At altitude,gases in the sinuses may expand and enter the orbit through these fractures,which may suddenly incapacitate the flyer.It is important for flight surgeons to identify and assess these individuals to determine suitability for flying.
文摘Objective To explore the method of treating serious secondary fronto-orbital fracture deformities through intro-extra cranial approach. Methods The fronto-orbital fracture was divided into two types according to whether there were any large scale fronto-otbital bone defects; typeⅠ: Large scale fronto-orbital bone defect; type Ⅱ: Concave fronto-orbital fracture deformity without large scale bone defect. Both types were treated throuth intro-extra cranial approach to expose the fracture site. For typel deformity, the bone defects were repaired and reconstructed with outer table of cranial bone and artificial bone. For type Ⅱ, the deformity was repaired by osteotomy, bone reposition and internal rigid fixation. Results 18 cases were treated from June 1998 to October 2000, include typeⅠ, 12 cases, and typeⅡ, 6 cases. All the patients recovered well and the post-operative appearance were greatly improved. Conclusion Intro-extra cranial approach can June 2003 Vol12 No2 expose the fractured site better
基金Supported by the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.20232ACB206030)。
文摘●AIM:To explore the combined application of surgical navigation nasal endoscopy(NNE)and three-dimensional printing technology(3DPT)for the adjunctive treatment of orbital blowout fractures(OBF).●METHODS:Retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of patients with OBF who underwent surgical treatment at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University between July 2012 and November 2022.The control group consisted of patients who received traditional surgical treatment(n=43),while the new surgical group(n=52)consisted of patients who received NNE with 3DPT.The difference in therapeutic effects between the two groups was evaluated by comparing the duration of the operation,best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),enophthalmos difference,recovery rate of eye movement disorder,recovery rate of diplopia,and incidence of postoperative complications.●RESULTS:The study included 95 cases(95 eyes),with 63 men and 32 women.The patients’age ranged from 5 to 67y(35.21±15.75y).The new surgical group and the control group exhibited no statistically significant differences in the duration of the operation,BCVA and enophthalmos difference.The recovery rates of diplopia in the new surgical group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 1mo[OR=0.03,95%CI(0.01–0.15),P<0.0000]and 3mo[OR=0.11,95%CI(0.03–0.36),P<0.0000]postoperation.Additionally,the recovery rates of eye movement disorders at 1 and 3mo after surgery were OR=0.08,95%CI(0.03–0.24),P<0.0000;and OR=0.01,95%CI(0.00–0.18),P<0.0000.The incidence of postoperative complications was lower in the new surgical group compared to the control group[OR=4.86,95%CI(0.95–24.78),P<0.05].●CONCLUSION:The combination of NNE and 3DPT can shorten the recovery time of diplopia and eye movement disorder in patients with OBF.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the Strategic Cooperation Technology Projects of CNPC and CUPB(No.ZLZX2020-01)the National Key Scientific Research Instrument Research Project of NSFC(No.51827804).
文摘Radial borehole fracturing that combines radial boreholes with hydraulic fracturing is anticipated to improve the output of tight oil and gas reservoirs.This paper aims to investigate fracture propagation and pressure characteristics of radial borehole fracturing in multiple layers.A series of laboratory experiments with artificial rock samples(395 mm×395 mm×395 mm)was conducted using a true triaxial fracturing device.Three crucial factors corresponding to the vertical distance of adjacent radial borehole layers(vertical distance),the azimuth and diameter of the radial borehole are examined.Experimental results show that radial borehole fracturing in multiple layers generates diverse fracture geometries.Four types of fractures are identified based on the connectivity between hydraulic fractures and radial boreholes.The vertical distance significantly influences fracture propagation perpendicular to the radial borehole axis.An increase in the vertical distance impedes fracture connection across multiple radial borehole layers and reduces the fracture propagation distance along the radial borehole axis.The azimuth also influences fracture propagation along the radial borehole axis.Increasing the azimuth reduces the guiding ability of radial boreholes,which makes the fracture quickly curve to the maximum horizontal stress direction.The breakdown pressure correlates with diverse fracture geometries observed.When the fractures connect multi-layer radial boreholes,increasing the vertical distance decreases the breakdown pressure.Decreasing the azimuth and increasing the diameter also decrease the breakdown pressure.The extrusion force exists between the adjacent fractures generated in radial boreholes in multiple rows,which plays a crucial role in enhancing the guiding ability of radial boreholes and results in higher breakdown pressure.The research provides valuable theoretical insights for the field application of radial borehole fracturing technology in tight oil and gas reservoirs.
文摘BACKGROUND Distal humerus elbow fractures are one of the most common traumatic fractures seen in pediatric patients and present as three main types:Supracondylar(SC),lateral condyle(LC),and medial epicondyle(ME)fractures.AIM To evaluate the epidemiology of pediatric distal humerus fractures(SC,LC,and ME)from an American insurance claims database.METHODS A retrospective review was performed on patients 17 years and younger with the ICD 9 and 10 codes for SC,LC and ME fractures based on the IBM Truven MarketScan®Commercial and IBM Truven MarketScan Medicare Supplemental databases.Patients from 2015 to 2020 were queried for treatments,patient age,sex,length of hospitalization,and comorbidities.RESULTS A total of 1133 SC,154 LC,and 124 ME fractures were identified.SC fractures had the highest percentage of operation at 83%,followed by LC(78%)and ME fractures(41%).Male patients were,on average,older than female patients for both SC and ME fractures.CONCLUSION In the insurance claims databases used,SC fractures were the most reported,followed by LC fractures,and finally ME fractures.Age was identified to be a factor for how a pediatric distal humerus fractures,with patients with SC and LC fractures being younger than those with ME fractures.The peak age per injury per sex was similar to reported historic central tendencies,despite reported trends for younger physiologic development.
文摘Purpose: This study aims to investigate the predictive value of blood calcium in the prognosis of traumatic fracture. Methods: A retrospective experimental design was employed, 112 cases (52 non-fracture and 60 traumatic fracture) were randomly selected. The type of fracture complies with WHO-recommended (2019) diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis combined with fracture. The blood pressure (BP) was measured by OMRON’s HEM-7136 model electronic blood pressure monitor. Blood calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>), and blood phosphorus (P) values were measured using Colorimetric Roche kits on a Roche/Hitachi fully automated biochemical analyzer. Data collection and analysis followed. Results: Higher levels of age, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were found in the traumatic fracture group compared to the control group, whereas weight, height, and blood phosphorus did not differ significantly (P adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and blood phosphorus, binary logistic regression analysis revealed that blood calcium was a protective factor against traumatic fracture (β = -26.85, OR = 0.00, 95% CI = 0.00 -0.02, P = 0.022). Conclusion: The findings suggest that high and low blood calcium levels may serve as useful indicators in predicting the prognosis of fractures resulting from trauma.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42307258)the technological research projects in Sichuan Province(No.2022YFSY0007)the China Atomic Energy Authority(CAEA)through the Geological Disposal Program.
文摘Stability analysis of underground constructions requires a model study of rock masses’ long-term performance. Creep tests under different stress conditions was conducted on intact granite and granite samples fractured at 30° and 45° angles. The experimental results indicate that the steady creep strain rates of intact and fractured rock present an exponential increase trend with the increase of stress level. A nonlinear creep model is developed based on the experimental results, in which the initial damage caused by fracture together with the damage caused by constant load have been taken into consideration. The fitting analysis results indicated that the model proposed is more accurate at identifying the full creep regions in fractured granite, especially the accelerated stage of creep deformation. The least-square fit error of the proposed creep model is significantly lower than that of Nishihara model by almost an order of magnitude. An analysis of the effects of elastic modulus, viscosity coefficient, and damage factors on fractured rock strain rate and creep strain is conducted. If no consideration is given to the effects of the damage, the proposed nonlinear creep model can degenerate into to the classical Nishihara model.
基金funded by Shaanxi Natural Science Basic Research Program Project Study on Liquid Propellant High Energy Gas Fracturing Mechanism in Radial Well Based on Phase Field Method(No.2019JQ-824)NSFC Projects Evolution Mechanism and Effectiveness Evaluation of Fracture Network Produced by Volume Fracturing with Tighter Clusters in Continental Shale Oil Reservoir(No.52274040)+1 种基金Study on Thermal Secondary Pore Evolution and Salt Precipitation Regulation Mechanism in Fire Flooding Reservoirs Based on Multi-field Coupling of Thermal-Flow-Solid-Chemical(No.52274039)Xi’an Shiyou University Youth Scientific Research and Innovation Team Operation Funds in 2018 Flow Mechanism of Complex Reservoirs and High Efficiency Development and Oil Production Technology(No.115080020).
文摘Horizontal well-stimulation is the key to unconventional resource exploration and development.The development mode of the well plant helps increase the stimulated reservoir volume.Nevertheless,fracture interference between wells reduces the fracturing effect.Here,a 2D hydro-mechanical coupling model describing hydraulic fracture(HF)propagation is established with the extended finite element method,and the effects of several factors on HF propagation during multiple wells fracturing are analyzed.The results show that with an increase in elastic modulus,horizontal principal stress difference and injection fluid displacement,the total fracture area and the reservoir stimulation efficiency are both improved in all three fracturing technologies.After a comparison of the three technologies,the method of improved zipper fracturing is proposed,which avoids mutual interference between HFs,and the reservoir stimulation effect is improved significantly.The study provides guidance for optimizing the fracturing technology of multiple horizontal wells.
文摘Introduction: Forearm fractures involving both the radius and ulna, present distinctive challenges in orthopedic trauma management. This case report explores the complexities of a rare case of bilateral fractures, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach for optimal outcomes. Case Presentation: This report presents the case of a 40-year-old motorcyclist who was involved in a road accident and arrived at the emergency department shortly after the incident. Clinical examination revealed closed fractures in both forearms with mild swelling and severe tenderness. Fortunately, no neurovascular issues or compartment syndrome were detected. The patient was administered intravenous fluids and effective pain relief. Forearm splints were applied and the arms were elevated using pillows. Radiographs showed fractures in the right distal radius and ulna, as well as the left mid-shaft radius and ulna. Under general anesthesia, open reduction and internal fixation were per-formed using plates and screws for all four fractures. Postoperatively, the patient’s arms were immobilized and elevated, with gradual recovery during follow-up appointments over six months, eventually achieving full function without complaints. Conclusion: This article highlights the possibility, although infrequent, of bilateral shaft fractures of the ulna and radius. With thorough clinical assessment and radiological investigation, such fractures can be well-defined. The required definitive treatment, which usually involves open reduction and internal fixation, can be performed.
文摘Introduction: The commonest maxillofacial fractures involve the mandible. Age can be considered among influential factors. Aim of the Study: To compare mandibular fractures between children and adults from the beginning up to the treatment in Senegal. Patients and Method: A three-year retrospective study was conducted in a university hospital. The medical records of patients admitted for maxillofacial injuries were reviewed. Patient and injury-related variables including age, gender, etiology, average consultation delay, anatomic location of fracture and treatment were compared up to age of 15 and beyond that. Results: Considering 272 casualties, maxillofacial fractures were less frequent among children than adults (36.7% and 59.7%) and were mainly mandibular (90.1% and 91.4%). Male predilection (sex ratio of 2.4 and 4.9) was twice (2) as pronounced from the age of 16. The average consultation delay was two (2) times shorter for children. Road traffic accidents which predominated among children (33.9%) had comparable frequency (32.3%) although they were outnumbered by assault (37.6%) among adults. Fractures occurred mainly on the corpus (90.1% and 90.4%), particularly on parasymphysis (40.1%) up to the age of 15, whereas angle fractures increased (8.5% to 19.6%) and joint damage decreased afterwards. Intra-oral orthopedic procedures (91.2% and 92.6%) in which mandibular retention splints were more common (37.3%) up to the age of 15 then arch ligatures (49%) were then widely favored. Conclusion: Differences relating to the distribution of causes but also to the anatomic location on the corpus and to the choice of intra-oral orthopedic procedures within overall similarities between children and adults regarding the male predilection, the frequency of road traffic accidents, the mandibular injuries, but also the school therapeutic attitude consisting of favoring the orthopedic option.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62375140 and 61871234)the Open Research Fund of National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures(Grant No.M36055).
文摘Orbital angular momentum(OAM)holography has become a promising technique in information encryption,data storage and opto-electronic computing,owing to the infinite topological charge of one single OAM mode and the orthogonality of different OAM modes.In this paper,we propose a novel OAM hologram generation method based on a densely connected U-net(DCU),where the densely connected convolution blocks(DCB)replace the convolution blocks of the U-net.Importantly,the reconstruction process of the OAM hologram is integrated into DCU as its output layer,so as to eliminate the requirement to prepare training data for the OAM hologram,which is required by conventional neural networks through an iterative algorithm.The experimental and simulation results show that the OAM hologram can rapidly be generated with the well-trained DCU,and the reconstructed image's quality from the generated OAM hologram is significantly improved in comparison with those from the Gerchberg-Saxton generation method,the Gerchberg-Saxton based generation method and the U-net method.In addition,a 10-bit OAM multiplexing hologram scheme is numerically demonstrated to have a high capacity with OAM hologram.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.62375140 and 62001249)the Open Research Fund of the National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures (Grant No.M36055)。
文摘Orbital angular momentum(OAM), as a new degree of freedom, has recently been applied in holography technology.Due to the infinite helical mode index of OAM mode, a large number of holographic images can be reconstructed from an OAM-multiplexing hologram. However, the traditional design of an OAM hologram is constrained by the helical mode index of the selected OAM mode, for a larger helical mode index OAM mode has a bigger sampling distance, and the crosstalk is produced for different sampling distances for different OAM modes. In this paper, we present the design of the OAM hologram based on a Bessel–Gaussian beam, which is non-diffractive and has a self-healing property during its propagation. The Fourier transform of the Bessel–Gaussian beam is the perfect vortex mode that has the fixed ring radius for different OAM modes. The results of simulation and experiment have demonstrated the feasibility of the generation of the OAM hologram with the Bessel–Gaussian beam. The quality of the reconstructed holographic image is increased, and the security is enhanced. Additionally, the anti-interference property is improved owing to its self-healing property of the Bessel-OAM holography.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52161135302,22105087)the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(Grant No.2022M721360)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20210446)。
文摘The d-d orbital coupling induced by crystal-phase engineering can effectively adjust the electronic structure of electrocatalysts,thus showing significant catalytic performance,while it has been rarely explored in electrochemical acetonitrile reduction reaction(ARR)to date.Herein,we successfully realize the structural transformation of Pd Cu metallic aerogels(MAs)from face-centered cubic(FCC)to body-centered cubic(BCC)through annealing treatment.Specifically,the BCC Pd Cu MAs exhibit excellent ARR performance with high ethylamine selectivity of 90.91%,Faradaic efficiency of 88.60%,yield rate of 316.0 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1)_(Pd+Cu)and long-term stability for consecutive electrolysis within 20 h at-0.55 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode,outperforming than those of FCC Pd Cu MAs.Under the membrane electrode assembly system,BCC Pd Cu MAs also demonstrate excellent ethylamine yield rate of 389.5 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1)_(Pd+Cu).Density functional theory calculation reveals that the d-d orbital coupling in BCC Pd Cu MAs results in an evident correlation effect for the interaction of Pd and Cu sites,which boosts up the Cu sites electronic activities to enhance ARR performance.Our work opens a new route to develop efficient ARR electrocatalysts from the perspective of crystalline structure transformation.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52174036,51774243,51904257,51874251)the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.2021YJ0345,2022JDJQ0009,2022NSFSC0186).
文摘Shale gas is an important component of unconventional oil and gas resources.Studying the imbibition behavior is helpful to optimize flowback parameters and enhance gas recovery.Recent imbibition studies have focused on shale matrix,and the pressure conditions discussed were mostly atmospheric.The initial imbibition behavior begins from propped fractures to matrix,but there are few studies working on explaining the imbibition behavior in propped fractures or the phenomenon of many shale wells exhibit higher productivity after a“soaking”period.Therefore,propped fracture samples were designed for imbibition and migration experiments.In order to accurately study the mechanism and main influencing factors of fracturing fluid imbibition and migration in propped and unpropped shale fractures under high temperature and high pressure,a series of experiments based on nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)were carried out.Results showed that NMR T2 spectra of all samples exhibited a bimodal distribution.The final imbibition volume of fracturing fluid was positively related to pressure and fracture width.The imbibition effect of fracturing fluid was more evident in matrix pores under high pressure.In the migration during soaking stage,the fracturing fluid gradually migrated from large pores to small pores and gradually displaced the shale gas from the matrix,thus allowing the water blocking in propped fractures to self-unlock to some extent.Gas permeability decreased in the imbibition stage,while it recovered in the migration stage to some extent.
文摘Fractures of the humeral paddle, common to young adults, are most often complex, linked to violence and an increase in road accidents. The objective of our work is to evaluate our functional results, in the medium term, correlated with a review of the literature. This is a retrospective study of 63 patients, carried out in the traumatology-orthopedics department 1 of the IBN EL JAZZAR hospital in KAIROUAN, over a period of 7 years from January 2015 to December 2021. The average age of patients was 39 years (17 - 68 years). Predominantly male. The etiologies are dominated by falls and accidents on public roads. Fractures are classified according to the Müller and Allgöwer classification where type C is found in 51% of cases. All our patients undergo an olecranon osteotomy in 71% of cases. Osteosynthesis using a Lecestre plate combined with screwing or plugging is used in 84% of cases. The evolution is marked by complications observed in eight patients (16%), including two cases of sepsis, four cases of elbow stiffness (8%), one case of joint callus and one case of pseudarthrosis. Our results are evaluated according to the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, they are excellent and good in 71% of cases, average in 18% of cases and poor in 11% of cases. Fractures of the humeral paddle are fractures with a satisfactory functional prognosis, requiring ad integrum anatomical restoration and solid osteosynthesis allowing early rehabilitation of the elbow. One case of joint callus and one case of pseudarthrosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12302264,52104004,12072170,and 12202225)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021QA042)Special Fund for Taishan Scholar Project(No.Tsqn202211180).
文摘The surrounding rock of roadways exhibits intricate characteristics of discontinuity and heterogeneity.To address these complexities,this study employs non-local Peridynamics(PD)theory and reconstructs the kernel function to represent accurately the spatial decline of long-range force.Additionally,modifications to the traditional bondbased PD model are made.By considering the micro-structure of coal-rock materials within a uniform discrete model,heterogeneity characterized by bond random pre-breaking is introduced.This approach facilitates the proposal of a novel model capable of handling the random distribution characteristics of material heterogeneity,rendering the PD model suitable for analyzing the deformation and failure of heterogeneous layered coal-rock mass structures.The established numerical model and simulation method,termed the sub-homogeneous PD model,not only incorporates the support effect but also captures accurately the random heterogeneous micro-structure of roadway surrounding rock.The simulation results obtained using this model show good agreement with field measurements from the Fucun coal mine,effectively validating the model’s capability in accurately reproducing the deformation and failure mode of surrounding rock under bolt-supported(anchor cable).The proposed subhomogeneous PD model presents a valuable and effective simulation tool for studying the deformation and failure of roadway surrounding rock in coal mines,offering new insights and potential advancements.
