Overpressure is significant to the exploration and exploitation of petroleum due to its influence on hydrocarbon accumulation and drilling strategies.The deep-burial hydrocarbon reservoirs of Jurassic strata in the ce...Overpressure is significant to the exploration and exploitation of petroleum due to its influence on hydrocarbon accumulation and drilling strategies.The deep-burial hydrocarbon reservoirs of Jurassic strata in the central Junggar Basin are characterized by intensive overpressure,whose origins are complex and still unclear.In this study,Bowers'method and sonic velocity-density crossplot method based on well logging data were used as a combination for overpressure judgements in geophysics.Furthermore,the corresponding geological processes were analysed in quality and quantity to provide a rational comprehension of the overpressure origins and the model of overpressure evolution and hy-drocarbon accumulation processes.The results showed that hydrocarbon generation in the Jurassic source rocks led to overpressure in the mudstones,while hydrocarbon generation in Permian source rocks led to overpressure in the sandstone reservoirs in Jurassic strata by vertical pressure transfer.The burial and thermal history indicated that the aquathermal effect of pore fluids by temperature increase in deep strata is also an important origin of overpressure,while disequilibrium compaction may not be the dominant cause for the overpressure in deep-buried strata.Furthermore,the continuous tectonic compression in both the north-south and west-east trends from the Jurassic period to the present may also have enhanced the overpressure in deep strata.Meanwhile,the developed faults formed by intensive tectonic compression led to pressure transfer from source rocks to the Jurassic reservoirs.Overpressured geofluids with hydrocarbons migrated to sandstone reservoirs and aggravated the over-pressure in the Jurassic strata.To conclude,the intensive overpressure in the central Junggar Basin is attributed to the combination of multiple mechanisms,including hydrocarbon generation,the aqua-thermal effect,tectonic compression and pressure transfer.Furthermore,the developed overpressure indicated hydrocarbon migration and accumulation processes and the potential of oil and gas reservoirs in deeply buried strata.We hope this study will provide a systematic research concept for overpressure origin analysis and provide guidance for petroleum exploration and exploitation in deep-buried strata.展开更多
The Liaohe River basin in northeastern China occupies an important geographical position connecting Northeast Asia and the Central Plains.Millennia ago,it witnessed the convergence of farming,fishing,hunting,and nomad...The Liaohe River basin in northeastern China occupies an important geographical position connecting Northeast Asia and the Central Plains.Millennia ago,it witnessed the convergence of farming,fishing,hunting,and nomadic cultures and the coexistence and flourishing of multiple peoples.Archaeological excavations and research on this area show that as early as the Neolithic period,the indigenous Hongshan Culture had already embraced the dawn of civilization.Traces of early city forms were discovered at the Niuheliang site dating from the late Hongshan period,providing archaeological evidence on the 5,000 years of history of Chinese civilization.In academic circles,Hongshan Culture is considered the“tap root”of Chinese civilization,from which the core traditions of Chinese civilization such as respecting heaven and ancestors and worshiping the dragon and jade originated.This issue’s“Focus”section is dedicated to tracing the origins of Chinese civilization by focusing on the origins and characteristics of Hongshan Culture as well as its fusion with other civilizations around the world.We hope to shed light on the far reaching,time-honored Chinese culture and provide a fresh perspective for readers to understand the development of human civilization.展开更多
The Central Axis of Beijing embodies the cultural spirit and urban planning ingenuity of an ancient nation.WITH the release of the Beijing Central Axis panoramic map by Beijing Municipal Cultural Heritage Bureau in la...The Central Axis of Beijing embodies the cultural spirit and urban planning ingenuity of an ancient nation.WITH the release of the Beijing Central Axis panoramic map by Beijing Municipal Cultural Heritage Bureau in late November,2022,together with the plan for its protection and management in the coming decade.展开更多
Indirect development with an intermediate larva exists in all major animal lineages1, which makes larvae central to mostscenarios of animal evolution2-11. Yet how larvae evolved remains disputed. Here we show that tem...Indirect development with an intermediate larva exists in all major animal lineages1, which makes larvae central to mostscenarios of animal evolution2-11. Yet how larvae evolved remains disputed. Here we show that temporal shifts (that is,heterochronies) in trunk formation underpin the diversification of larvae and bilaterian life cycles. We performed chromosomescalegenome sequencing in the annelid Owenia fusiformis with transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling during the life cycles ofthis and two other annelids. We found that trunk development is deferred to pre-metamorphic stages in the feeding larva of O.fusiformis but starts after gastrulation in the non-feeding larva with gradual metamorphosis of Capitella teleta and the directdeveloping embryo of Dimorphilus gyrociliatus. Accordingly, the embryos of O. fusiformis develop first into an enlarged anteriordomain that forms larval tissues and the adult head12. Notably, this also occurs in the so-called 'head larvae' of other bilaterians13-17, with which the O. fusiformis larva shows extensive transcriptomic similarities. Together, our findings suggest that the temporaldecoupling of head and trunk formation, as maximally observed in head larvae, facilitated larval evolution in Bilateria. Thisdiverges from prevailing scenarios that propose either co-option9,10 or innovation11 of gene regulatory programmes to explainlarva and adult origins.展开更多
1.Introduction The Hengduan Mountains region(HDM)in southwest China,one of the earth's 34 biodiversity hotspots,is characterized by its unique geology,dramatic topography,a climate where snow and below freezing te...1.Introduction The Hengduan Mountains region(HDM)in southwest China,one of the earth's 34 biodiversity hotspots,is characterized by its unique geology,dramatic topography,a climate where snow and below freezing temperatures can occur on any day of the year,by its location at elevations averaging between(1400e)2000 and4500(e5300)meters above sea level(m a.s.l.),and by one of展开更多
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19/SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV), is a global threat to the human population. Here, we briefly summarize the a...The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19/SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV), is a global threat to the human population. Here, we briefly summarize the available data for the zoonotic origins of HCoV-19, with reference to the other two epidemics of highly virulent coronaviruses, SARSCoV and MERS-CoV, which cause severe pneumonia in humans. We propose to intensify future efforts for tracing the origins of HCoV-19, which is a very important scientific question for the control and prevention of the pandemic.展开更多
Pediatric origin of cancer stem cell hypothesis holds great promise and potential in adult cancer treatment, however; the road to innovation is full of obstacles as there are plenty of questions left unanswered. First...Pediatric origin of cancer stem cell hypothesis holds great promise and potential in adult cancer treatment, however; the road to innovation is full of obstacles as there are plenty of questions left unanswered. First, the key question is to characterize the nature of such stem cells (concept). Second, the quantitative imaging of pediatric stem cells should be implemented(technology). Conceptually, pediatric stem cell origins of adult cancer are based on the notion that plasticity in early life developmental programming evolves local environments to cancer. Technologically, such imaging in children is lacking as all imaging is designed for adult patients. We postulate that the need for quantitative imaging to measure space-time changes of plasticity in early life developmental programming in children may trigger research and development of the imaging technology. Such quantitative imaging of pediatric origin of adulthood cancer will help develop a spatiotemporal monitoring system to determine cancer initiation and progression. Clinical validation of such speculative hypothesis-that cancer originates in a pediatric environment-will help implement a wait-andwatch strategy for cancer treatment.展开更多
Sexism in the English Language is the reflector of a social sexism. The thesis is not only to discuss phenomena of sexism in English in terms of morphology, syntax and semantics, but also to focus on the origins and p...Sexism in the English Language is the reflector of a social sexism. The thesis is not only to discuss phenomena of sexism in English in terms of morphology, syntax and semantics, but also to focus on the origins and point out the ways of desexism.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the differences of volatile components in fresh fruit of Morinda citrifolia L.from different origins.[Methods]The method of HS-SPME-GC/MS detection was used to determine...[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the differences of volatile components in fresh fruit of Morinda citrifolia L.from different origins.[Methods]The method of HS-SPME-GC/MS detection was used to determine the volatile chemical components in fresh fruit of M.citrifolia.[Results]52,52 and 45 volatile components were identified from the fresh fruit of M.citrifolia from Xisha,Wanning and Haikou,respectively.Among them,the number and content of the identified esters were relatively high,mainly methyl caprylate,ethyl caprylate,4-pentenyl caproate,3-methylbuten-2-enyl caprylate,methyl caproate,and ethyl caproate.There were also fatty acids,alcohols,phenols,ketones,aldehydes and other substances.There were 33 common ingredients in the fruit from the three origins,mainly including caprylic acid,caproic acid,capric acid,methyl caprylate,ethyl caprylate,4-pentenyl caproate,3-methylbutene-2-enyl caprylate,methyl caproate,ethyl caproate,methyl caprate and hexyl caproate.[Conclusions]The types and contents of volatile components in fresh fruit of M.citrifolia from different origins were significantly different.展开更多
The 29th Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008. It will be a green game to promote sustainable development of men, cities and regions through ecological development advocating “man and nature be in one”. “Ec...The 29th Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008. It will be a green game to promote sustainable development of men, cities and regions through ecological development advocating “man and nature be in one”. “Eco” here means a process, a driving force, an action, a culture and a kind of vitality leading to sustainable development. It is a mechanism embodying the Olympic spirit of competition, cooperation and self reliance. The paper explained the ecological significance, connotation and objectives of Beijing Green Olympic Game. Ten major ecological heritages of Beijing have been investigated including ecologically sound landscape, culture, transportation, physical exercise, health care, sanitation, food, family relationship, agriculture, and human ecological totality. To preserve or restore the above mentioned old tradition, a green Olympic action plan has been made out in Beijing initiated by NGOs, supported by entrepreneurs and coordinated by government agencies. Four kinds of eco engineering have been planned for blue sky, clean water, green land and eco city development. The demonstration role of Beijing Green Olympic Game to developing regions and countries is also discussed.展开更多
The severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 was discovered on December 31,2019 in China.Subsequently,many COVID-19 cases were reported in many other countries.However,some positive COVID-19 samples had been reporte...The severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 was discovered on December 31,2019 in China.Subsequently,many COVID-19 cases were reported in many other countries.However,some positive COVID-19 samples had been reported earlier than those officially accepted by health authorities in other countries,such as France and Italy.Thus,it is of great importance to determine the place where SARS-CoV-2 was first transmitted to human.To this end,we analyze genomes of SARS-CoV-2 using k-mer natural vector method and compare the similarities of global SARS-CoV-2 genomes by a new natural metric.Because it is commonly accepted that SARS-CoV-2 is originated from bat coronavirus RaTG13,we only need to determine which SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence has the closest distance to bat coronavirus RaTG13 under our natural metric.From our analysis,SARS-CoV-2 most likely has already existed in other countries such as France,India,Netherland,England and United States before the outbreak at Wuhan,China.展开更多
The developmental origins of health and diseases(DOHaD)is a concept stating that adverse intrauterine environments contribute to the health risks of offspring.Since the theory emerged more than 30 years ago,many epide...The developmental origins of health and diseases(DOHaD)is a concept stating that adverse intrauterine environments contribute to the health risks of offspring.Since the theory emerged more than 30 years ago,many epidemiological and animal studies have confirmed that in utero exposure to environmental insults,including hyperglycemia and chemicals,increased the risk of developing noncommunicable diseases(NCDs).These NCDs include metabolic syndrome,type 2 diabetes,and complications such as diabetic cardiomyopathy.Studying the effects of different environmental insults on early embryo development would aid in understanding the underlying mechanisms by which these insults promote NCD development.Embryonic stem cells(ESCs)have also been utilized by researchers to study the DOHaD.ESCs have pluripotent characteristics and can be differentiated into almost every cell lineage;therefore,they are excellent in vitro models for studying early developmental events.More importantly,human ESCs(hESCs)are the best alternative to human embryos for research because of ethical concerns.In this review,we will discuss different maternal conditions associated with DOHaD,focusing on the complications of maternal diabetes.Next,we will review the differentiation protocols developed to generate different cell lineages from hESCs.Additionally,we will review how hESCs are utilized as a model for research into the DOHaD.The effects of environmental insults on hESC differentiation and the possible involvement of epigenetic regulation will be discussed.展开更多
The paper proposes that the four-component structure of political order consists of state, imagination, rule, and accountability whose mental origins are the social brain, theory of mind, the rational brain, and the e...The paper proposes that the four-component structure of political order consists of state, imagination, rule, and accountability whose mental origins are the social brain, theory of mind, the rational brain, and the empirical brain, respectively. The rational brain and the empirical brain are from the thinking brain. This paper posits that in the evolution of political order, the main function of political order is to pacify changed social structure derived from technological revolution. Therefore, the four technological revolutions (the Upper Paleolithic, Agricultural-Bronze, Iron, and Industrial Revolutions) produce the four changed social structures (linked bands, tribe, mega empire, and modern nation, respectively) whose internal conflicts are pacified by the four political revolutions (the imaginative, hierarchical, thinking, bottom-up political revolutions, respectively) to form the four politics (the imaginative egalitarianism, decentralized hierarchical tribalism, centralized top-down thinking, and multilateral bottom-up thinking politics, respectively). In the competitive West originated from Greece and Middle East, the rule of law is the rational rule of competition among competitors, and the accountability of election is the empirical accountability of competition among competitors. In the cooperative East originated from India and China, the rule of relation is the rational rule of cooperation among kin-friends, and the accountability of professional qualification is the empirical accountability of cooperation among kin-friends. For political order, the two viable politics are competitive liberal democracy based on liberty and cooperative well-off democracy (well-off socialism) based on wellbeing. The direction of political order is middle democracy between liberal democracy and well-off democracy based on the multilateral bottom-up thinking politics.展开更多
With the development of the rhetoric study from the origins in ancient Athens and The Rhetoric of Aristotle to the formation of modern Communication Study at the beginning of the twentieth century,the Rhetoric Study c...With the development of the rhetoric study from the origins in ancient Athens and The Rhetoric of Aristotle to the formation of modern Communication Study at the beginning of the twentieth century,the Rhetoric Study changed in dynamic and its concepts and theories merged and formed the foundations of Communication Study which focused on personal communication and speech rhetoric skills at that time.At the beginning of the twentieth century,although the Neo-Aristotelian rhetorical scholars from classic rhetoric approach created methodologies and enriched the content of Communication Study under the influence of humanistic study and social science study,but the Communication discipline was still in the embarrassing position.During World War I and World War II,most scholars with backgrounds of social science,history and anthropology carried out the studies of propaganda wars and the message disseminating,and explored the military powers and governments’access to the media and developed serial communication modes from the social science perspective,which laid the foundation for Communication discipline in the academic field.The author analyzed the Rhetoric and Social Science origins of Communication study in Boxing Plato’s Shadow:an Introduction to the Study of Human Communication,which is beneficial and helpful to understand the academic origins of Communication study and its cross-disciplined and embarrassing positions.展开更多
Uyghur medicine refers to the traditional medicine of the people residing in the oases of the Taklamakan desert in the North-West corner of modern China.Due to historical and geographical reasons,the ancestors of the ...Uyghur medicine refers to the traditional medicine of the people residing in the oases of the Taklamakan desert in the North-West corner of modern China.Due to historical and geographical reasons,the ancestors of the modern Uyghurs had extensive contact with Greco-Roman civilization even beginning in the 4th century BCE,and continuing with different extent until the 6th century CE.Thus,the knowledge of Greek humoral medicine spread to the Uyghur regions.When Arab-Persian medicine arrived along with Islam in the 10th century,it met both Buddhist medicine and the developed folk medicine.In this paper,we argue that“Greco-Roman”,“Arab-Persian”and“Uyghur”medicines are all of essentially the same system under holistic humoral medicine.We further assert that“Traditional European Medicine”is based on the same tradition,and,while it was discarded in the West,it has been substantially preserved by the Uyghurs.We also consider the implications of making the two millennial tradition of Uyghur medicine the object of modern scientific research in China.展开更多
China's 30 years of reform have achieved tremendous success and a transformation of the country.Amazingly,however,this grand endeavor began in an anonymous rural village in which the f irst breakthroughs were made...China's 30 years of reform have achieved tremendous success and a transformation of the country.Amazingly,however,this grand endeavor began in an anonymous rural village in which the f irst breakthroughs were made.How did China's reform begin in the countryside? Why were the initial breakthroughs made there? What is its significance? This article elaborates on these questions,urging that we should carry out a scientific outlook on development in the spirit of the 17th Party Congress,and steadfastly deepen the rural reform of rural.Research into these issues will help us gain a deeper understanding of the rural reform.展开更多
Mark Bender and Aku Wuwu translate Hnewo Teyy,a crucial epic for Nuosu people from Yi to English directly and entirely for the first time.Their translation and introduction of the epic are involved in The Nuosu Book o...Mark Bender and Aku Wuwu translate Hnewo Teyy,a crucial epic for Nuosu people from Yi to English directly and entirely for the first time.Their translation and introduction of the epic are involved in The Nuosu Book of Origins,in which Bender concerns plants and animals.This paper mainly analyses Bender’s adaptation and selection concerning his investigation and translation of plants and animals under the guidance of Eco-translatology.Significantly,Eco-translatology and Bender’s translation and introduction provide enlightenment to the transmission of Chinese culture.展开更多
Toward the beginning of the 1400s, the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism came into existence, and it was not long before a man by the name of Gedun Druppa, a disciple of the great Master Tsongkhapa during his later yea...Toward the beginning of the 1400s, the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism came into existence, and it was not long before a man by the name of Gedun Druppa, a disciple of the great Master Tsongkhapa during his later years, established the school’s largest monastery in Tsang region (in today’s Shigatse City of Tibet Autonomous Region):the Tashilhunpo Monastery.展开更多
Where does our food come from?Once upon a time carrots were purple, there were no pineapples in Asia or lemons in America, and many people thought potatoes were poisonous. Many types of fruit and vegetable grew only i...Where does our food come from?Once upon a time carrots were purple, there were no pineapples in Asia or lemons in America, and many people thought potatoes were poisonous. Many types of fruit and vegetable grew only in one place. So how did they spread all over the world?展开更多
Where does our food come from?Once upon a time carrots were purple,there were no pineapples in Asia or lemons in America,and many people thought potatoes were poisonous.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41972124)。
文摘Overpressure is significant to the exploration and exploitation of petroleum due to its influence on hydrocarbon accumulation and drilling strategies.The deep-burial hydrocarbon reservoirs of Jurassic strata in the central Junggar Basin are characterized by intensive overpressure,whose origins are complex and still unclear.In this study,Bowers'method and sonic velocity-density crossplot method based on well logging data were used as a combination for overpressure judgements in geophysics.Furthermore,the corresponding geological processes were analysed in quality and quantity to provide a rational comprehension of the overpressure origins and the model of overpressure evolution and hy-drocarbon accumulation processes.The results showed that hydrocarbon generation in the Jurassic source rocks led to overpressure in the mudstones,while hydrocarbon generation in Permian source rocks led to overpressure in the sandstone reservoirs in Jurassic strata by vertical pressure transfer.The burial and thermal history indicated that the aquathermal effect of pore fluids by temperature increase in deep strata is also an important origin of overpressure,while disequilibrium compaction may not be the dominant cause for the overpressure in deep-buried strata.Furthermore,the continuous tectonic compression in both the north-south and west-east trends from the Jurassic period to the present may also have enhanced the overpressure in deep strata.Meanwhile,the developed faults formed by intensive tectonic compression led to pressure transfer from source rocks to the Jurassic reservoirs.Overpressured geofluids with hydrocarbons migrated to sandstone reservoirs and aggravated the over-pressure in the Jurassic strata.To conclude,the intensive overpressure in the central Junggar Basin is attributed to the combination of multiple mechanisms,including hydrocarbon generation,the aqua-thermal effect,tectonic compression and pressure transfer.Furthermore,the developed overpressure indicated hydrocarbon migration and accumulation processes and the potential of oil and gas reservoirs in deeply buried strata.We hope this study will provide a systematic research concept for overpressure origin analysis and provide guidance for petroleum exploration and exploitation in deep-buried strata.
文摘The Liaohe River basin in northeastern China occupies an important geographical position connecting Northeast Asia and the Central Plains.Millennia ago,it witnessed the convergence of farming,fishing,hunting,and nomadic cultures and the coexistence and flourishing of multiple peoples.Archaeological excavations and research on this area show that as early as the Neolithic period,the indigenous Hongshan Culture had already embraced the dawn of civilization.Traces of early city forms were discovered at the Niuheliang site dating from the late Hongshan period,providing archaeological evidence on the 5,000 years of history of Chinese civilization.In academic circles,Hongshan Culture is considered the“tap root”of Chinese civilization,from which the core traditions of Chinese civilization such as respecting heaven and ancestors and worshiping the dragon and jade originated.This issue’s“Focus”section is dedicated to tracing the origins of Chinese civilization by focusing on the origins and characteristics of Hongshan Culture as well as its fusion with other civilizations around the world.We hope to shed light on the far reaching,time-honored Chinese culture and provide a fresh perspective for readers to understand the development of human civilization.
文摘The Central Axis of Beijing embodies the cultural spirit and urban planning ingenuity of an ancient nation.WITH the release of the Beijing Central Axis panoramic map by Beijing Municipal Cultural Heritage Bureau in late November,2022,together with the plan for its protection and management in the coming decade.
文摘Indirect development with an intermediate larva exists in all major animal lineages1, which makes larvae central to mostscenarios of animal evolution2-11. Yet how larvae evolved remains disputed. Here we show that temporal shifts (that is,heterochronies) in trunk formation underpin the diversification of larvae and bilaterian life cycles. We performed chromosomescalegenome sequencing in the annelid Owenia fusiformis with transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling during the life cycles ofthis and two other annelids. We found that trunk development is deferred to pre-metamorphic stages in the feeding larva of O.fusiformis but starts after gastrulation in the non-feeding larva with gradual metamorphosis of Capitella teleta and the directdeveloping embryo of Dimorphilus gyrociliatus. Accordingly, the embryos of O. fusiformis develop first into an enlarged anteriordomain that forms larval tissues and the adult head12. Notably, this also occurs in the so-called 'head larvae' of other bilaterians13-17, with which the O. fusiformis larva shows extensive transcriptomic similarities. Together, our findings suggest that the temporaldecoupling of head and trunk formation, as maximally observed in head larvae, facilitated larval evolution in Bilateria. Thisdiverges from prevailing scenarios that propose either co-option9,10 or innovation11 of gene regulatory programmes to explainlarva and adult origins.
基金funded by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31590823 to H.S.),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370004 and 31570213 to J.W.Z.,31700165 to T.D.)the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0505200 to H.S.)CAS ‘Light of West China’ Program to T.D.
文摘1.Introduction The Hengduan Mountains region(HDM)in southwest China,one of the earth's 34 biodiversity hotspots,is characterized by its unique geology,dramatic topography,a climate where snow and below freezing temperatures can occur on any day of the year,by its location at elevations averaging between(1400e)2000 and4500(e5300)meters above sea level(m a.s.l.),and by one of
文摘The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19/SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV), is a global threat to the human population. Here, we briefly summarize the available data for the zoonotic origins of HCoV-19, with reference to the other two epidemics of highly virulent coronaviruses, SARSCoV and MERS-CoV, which cause severe pneumonia in humans. We propose to intensify future efforts for tracing the origins of HCoV-19, which is a very important scientific question for the control and prevention of the pandemic.
文摘Pediatric origin of cancer stem cell hypothesis holds great promise and potential in adult cancer treatment, however; the road to innovation is full of obstacles as there are plenty of questions left unanswered. First, the key question is to characterize the nature of such stem cells (concept). Second, the quantitative imaging of pediatric stem cells should be implemented(technology). Conceptually, pediatric stem cell origins of adult cancer are based on the notion that plasticity in early life developmental programming evolves local environments to cancer. Technologically, such imaging in children is lacking as all imaging is designed for adult patients. We postulate that the need for quantitative imaging to measure space-time changes of plasticity in early life developmental programming in children may trigger research and development of the imaging technology. Such quantitative imaging of pediatric origin of adulthood cancer will help develop a spatiotemporal monitoring system to determine cancer initiation and progression. Clinical validation of such speculative hypothesis-that cancer originates in a pediatric environment-will help implement a wait-andwatch strategy for cancer treatment.
文摘Sexism in the English Language is the reflector of a social sexism. The thesis is not only to discuss phenomena of sexism in English in terms of morphology, syntax and semantics, but also to focus on the origins and point out the ways of desexism.
基金Supported by Hainan Province Basic and Applied Basic Research Program(Natural Science)High-level Talents(No.2019RC318)Nanfeng Special Phase III:Investigation and Protection of Cultivated Land and Fishery Water Resources(NFZX2021)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(No.1630032022022)。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the differences of volatile components in fresh fruit of Morinda citrifolia L.from different origins.[Methods]The method of HS-SPME-GC/MS detection was used to determine the volatile chemical components in fresh fruit of M.citrifolia.[Results]52,52 and 45 volatile components were identified from the fresh fruit of M.citrifolia from Xisha,Wanning and Haikou,respectively.Among them,the number and content of the identified esters were relatively high,mainly methyl caprylate,ethyl caprylate,4-pentenyl caproate,3-methylbuten-2-enyl caprylate,methyl caproate,and ethyl caproate.There were also fatty acids,alcohols,phenols,ketones,aldehydes and other substances.There were 33 common ingredients in the fruit from the three origins,mainly including caprylic acid,caproic acid,capric acid,methyl caprylate,ethyl caprylate,4-pentenyl caproate,3-methylbutene-2-enyl caprylate,methyl caproate,ethyl caproate,methyl caprate and hexyl caproate.[Conclusions]The types and contents of volatile components in fresh fruit of M.citrifolia from different origins were significantly different.
文摘The 29th Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008. It will be a green game to promote sustainable development of men, cities and regions through ecological development advocating “man and nature be in one”. “Eco” here means a process, a driving force, an action, a culture and a kind of vitality leading to sustainable development. It is a mechanism embodying the Olympic spirit of competition, cooperation and self reliance. The paper explained the ecological significance, connotation and objectives of Beijing Green Olympic Game. Ten major ecological heritages of Beijing have been investigated including ecologically sound landscape, culture, transportation, physical exercise, health care, sanitation, food, family relationship, agriculture, and human ecological totality. To preserve or restore the above mentioned old tradition, a green Olympic action plan has been made out in Beijing initiated by NGOs, supported by entrepreneurs and coordinated by government agencies. Four kinds of eco engineering have been planned for blue sky, clean water, green land and eco city development. The demonstration role of Beijing Green Olympic Game to developing regions and countries is also discussed.
基金supported by Tsinghua University Spring Breeze Fund(2020Z99CFY044)Tsinghua University start-up fundTsinghua University Education Foundation fund(042202008)。
文摘The severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 was discovered on December 31,2019 in China.Subsequently,many COVID-19 cases were reported in many other countries.However,some positive COVID-19 samples had been reported earlier than those officially accepted by health authorities in other countries,such as France and Italy.Thus,it is of great importance to determine the place where SARS-CoV-2 was first transmitted to human.To this end,we analyze genomes of SARS-CoV-2 using k-mer natural vector method and compare the similarities of global SARS-CoV-2 genomes by a new natural metric.Because it is commonly accepted that SARS-CoV-2 is originated from bat coronavirus RaTG13,we only need to determine which SARS-CoV-2 genome sequence has the closest distance to bat coronavirus RaTG13 under our natural metric.From our analysis,SARS-CoV-2 most likely has already existed in other countries such as France,India,Netherland,England and United States before the outbreak at Wuhan,China.
文摘The developmental origins of health and diseases(DOHaD)is a concept stating that adverse intrauterine environments contribute to the health risks of offspring.Since the theory emerged more than 30 years ago,many epidemiological and animal studies have confirmed that in utero exposure to environmental insults,including hyperglycemia and chemicals,increased the risk of developing noncommunicable diseases(NCDs).These NCDs include metabolic syndrome,type 2 diabetes,and complications such as diabetic cardiomyopathy.Studying the effects of different environmental insults on early embryo development would aid in understanding the underlying mechanisms by which these insults promote NCD development.Embryonic stem cells(ESCs)have also been utilized by researchers to study the DOHaD.ESCs have pluripotent characteristics and can be differentiated into almost every cell lineage;therefore,they are excellent in vitro models for studying early developmental events.More importantly,human ESCs(hESCs)are the best alternative to human embryos for research because of ethical concerns.In this review,we will discuss different maternal conditions associated with DOHaD,focusing on the complications of maternal diabetes.Next,we will review the differentiation protocols developed to generate different cell lineages from hESCs.Additionally,we will review how hESCs are utilized as a model for research into the DOHaD.The effects of environmental insults on hESC differentiation and the possible involvement of epigenetic regulation will be discussed.
文摘The paper proposes that the four-component structure of political order consists of state, imagination, rule, and accountability whose mental origins are the social brain, theory of mind, the rational brain, and the empirical brain, respectively. The rational brain and the empirical brain are from the thinking brain. This paper posits that in the evolution of political order, the main function of political order is to pacify changed social structure derived from technological revolution. Therefore, the four technological revolutions (the Upper Paleolithic, Agricultural-Bronze, Iron, and Industrial Revolutions) produce the four changed social structures (linked bands, tribe, mega empire, and modern nation, respectively) whose internal conflicts are pacified by the four political revolutions (the imaginative, hierarchical, thinking, bottom-up political revolutions, respectively) to form the four politics (the imaginative egalitarianism, decentralized hierarchical tribalism, centralized top-down thinking, and multilateral bottom-up thinking politics, respectively). In the competitive West originated from Greece and Middle East, the rule of law is the rational rule of competition among competitors, and the accountability of election is the empirical accountability of competition among competitors. In the cooperative East originated from India and China, the rule of relation is the rational rule of cooperation among kin-friends, and the accountability of professional qualification is the empirical accountability of cooperation among kin-friends. For political order, the two viable politics are competitive liberal democracy based on liberty and cooperative well-off democracy (well-off socialism) based on wellbeing. The direction of political order is middle democracy between liberal democracy and well-off democracy based on the multilateral bottom-up thinking politics.
文摘With the development of the rhetoric study from the origins in ancient Athens and The Rhetoric of Aristotle to the formation of modern Communication Study at the beginning of the twentieth century,the Rhetoric Study changed in dynamic and its concepts and theories merged and formed the foundations of Communication Study which focused on personal communication and speech rhetoric skills at that time.At the beginning of the twentieth century,although the Neo-Aristotelian rhetorical scholars from classic rhetoric approach created methodologies and enriched the content of Communication Study under the influence of humanistic study and social science study,but the Communication discipline was still in the embarrassing position.During World War I and World War II,most scholars with backgrounds of social science,history and anthropology carried out the studies of propaganda wars and the message disseminating,and explored the military powers and governments’access to the media and developed serial communication modes from the social science perspective,which laid the foundation for Communication discipline in the academic field.The author analyzed the Rhetoric and Social Science origins of Communication study in Boxing Plato’s Shadow:an Introduction to the Study of Human Communication,which is beneficial and helpful to understand the academic origins of Communication study and its cross-disciplined and embarrassing positions.
基金the China National Natural Science Foundation Program(81460749)National 973 Program(2011CB512004).
文摘Uyghur medicine refers to the traditional medicine of the people residing in the oases of the Taklamakan desert in the North-West corner of modern China.Due to historical and geographical reasons,the ancestors of the modern Uyghurs had extensive contact with Greco-Roman civilization even beginning in the 4th century BCE,and continuing with different extent until the 6th century CE.Thus,the knowledge of Greek humoral medicine spread to the Uyghur regions.When Arab-Persian medicine arrived along with Islam in the 10th century,it met both Buddhist medicine and the developed folk medicine.In this paper,we argue that“Greco-Roman”,“Arab-Persian”and“Uyghur”medicines are all of essentially the same system under holistic humoral medicine.We further assert that“Traditional European Medicine”is based on the same tradition,and,while it was discarded in the West,it has been substantially preserved by the Uyghurs.We also consider the implications of making the two millennial tradition of Uyghur medicine the object of modern scientific research in China.
文摘China's 30 years of reform have achieved tremendous success and a transformation of the country.Amazingly,however,this grand endeavor began in an anonymous rural village in which the f irst breakthroughs were made.How did China's reform begin in the countryside? Why were the initial breakthroughs made there? What is its significance? This article elaborates on these questions,urging that we should carry out a scientific outlook on development in the spirit of the 17th Party Congress,and steadfastly deepen the rural reform of rural.Research into these issues will help us gain a deeper understanding of the rural reform.
文摘Mark Bender and Aku Wuwu translate Hnewo Teyy,a crucial epic for Nuosu people from Yi to English directly and entirely for the first time.Their translation and introduction of the epic are involved in The Nuosu Book of Origins,in which Bender concerns plants and animals.This paper mainly analyses Bender’s adaptation and selection concerning his investigation and translation of plants and animals under the guidance of Eco-translatology.Significantly,Eco-translatology and Bender’s translation and introduction provide enlightenment to the transmission of Chinese culture.
文摘Toward the beginning of the 1400s, the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism came into existence, and it was not long before a man by the name of Gedun Druppa, a disciple of the great Master Tsongkhapa during his later years, established the school’s largest monastery in Tsang region (in today’s Shigatse City of Tibet Autonomous Region):the Tashilhunpo Monastery.
文摘Where does our food come from?Once upon a time carrots were purple, there were no pineapples in Asia or lemons in America, and many people thought potatoes were poisonous. Many types of fruit and vegetable grew only in one place. So how did they spread all over the world?
文摘Where does our food come from?Once upon a time carrots were purple,there were no pineapples in Asia or lemons in America,and many people thought potatoes were poisonous.
