We prepared the Fe3O4/g‐C3N4nanoparticles(NPs)through a simple electrostatic self‐assembly method with a3:97weight ratio to investigate their Fenton,photo‐Fenton and oxidative functionalities besides photocatalytic...We prepared the Fe3O4/g‐C3N4nanoparticles(NPs)through a simple electrostatic self‐assembly method with a3:97weight ratio to investigate their Fenton,photo‐Fenton and oxidative functionalities besides photocatalytic functionality.We observed an improvement of the Fenton and photo‐Fenton activities of the Fe3O4/g‐C3N4nanocomposites.This improvement was attributed to efficient charge transfer between Fe3O4and g‐C3N4at the heterojunctions,inhibition of electron‐hole recombination,a high surface area,and stabilization of Fe3O4against leaching by the hydrophobic g‐C3N4.The obtained NPs showed a higher degradation potential for rhodamine B(RhB)dye than those of Fe3O4and g‐C3N4.As compared to photocatalysis,the efficiency of RhB degradation in the Fenton and photo‐Fenton reactions was increased by20%and90%,respectively.Additionally,the horseradish peroxidase(HRP)activity of the prepared nanomaterials was studied with3,3,5,5‐tetramethylbenzidinedihydrochloride(TMB)as a substrate.Dopamine oxidation was also examined.Results indicate that Fe3O4/g‐C3N4nanocomposites offers more efficient degradation of RhB dye in a photo‐Fenton system compared with regular photocatalytic degradation,which requires a long time.Our study also confirmed that Fe3O4/g‐C3N4nanocomposites can be used as a potential material for mimicking HRP owing to its high affinity for TMB.These findings suggest good potential for applications in biosensing and as a catalyst in oxidation reactions.展开更多
Long-term excessive intake of nitrite(NO_(2)^(-))poses a great threat to human health,needing a simple and fast method to detect NO_(2)-in food.Herein,via a simple and feasible strategy,Mn/Yb/Er triple-doped CeO_(2) n...Long-term excessive intake of nitrite(NO_(2)^(-))poses a great threat to human health,needing a simple and fast method to detect NO_(2)-in food.Herein,via a simple and feasible strategy,Mn/Yb/Er triple-doped CeO_(2) nanozyme(Mn/Yb/Er/CeO_(2))was synthesized for highly sensitive ratiometric detection of nitrite.By doping Mn,Yb,Er into CeO_(2) lattice structure,Mn/Yb/Er/CeO_(2) nanozyme showed enhanced oxidase-like activity,obtaining a higher density of oxygen vacancy and a higher ratio of Ce^(3+)to Ce~(4+)than that of CeO_(2).The 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)can be effectively oxidized by Mn/Yb/Er/CeO_(2) to produce the oxidized TMB(ox TMB),showing a significant absorption signal at 652 nm.Additionally,nitrite can react with ox TMB to produce yellow diazotized ox TMB,which is accompanied by an elevated absorption signal at 445 nm and a decreased absorption signal at 652 nm.Thus,based on the oxidase-mimetic activity of Mn/Yb/Er/CeO_(2) and the diazotization reaction between NO_(2)^(-)and ox TMB,a ratiometric colorimetric assay was established for NO_(2)^(-)detection in food.Furthermore,by integrating Mn/Yb/Er/CeO_(2) with a smartphone,a colorimetric smartphone-sensing platform was successfully fabricated for visualization and quantitative detection of NO_(2)^(-).Notably,this two-detection mode showed excellent sensitivity,selectivity,reliability and practicability in monitoring the NO_(2)^(-)in real samples,impling its great potential for food safety.展开更多
Carbon-based single-atom catalysts(SACs)have been widely studied in the field of biomedicine due to their excellent catalytic performance.However,carbon-based SACs usually aggregate during pyrolysis,which leads to the...Carbon-based single-atom catalysts(SACs)have been widely studied in the field of biomedicine due to their excellent catalytic performance.However,carbon-based SACs usually aggregate during pyrolysis,which leads to the reduction of catalytic activity.Here,we describe a method to improve the monodispersion of SACs using silicon dioxide as a protective layer.The decoration of silicon dioxide serves as a buffer layer for individual nanoparticles,which is not destroyed during the pyrolysis process,ensuring the single-particle dispersion of the nanoparticles after etching.This approach increased the hydroxyl groups on the surface of Fe-SAC(Fe-SAC-SE)and improved its water solubility,resulting in a four times enhancement of the peroxidase(POD)-like activity of Fe-SAC-SE(58.4 U/mg)than that of non-protected SACs(13.9 U/mg).The SiO_(2)-protection approach could also improve the catalytic activities of SACs with other metals such as Mn,Co,Ni,and Cu,indicating its generality for SACs preparation.Taking advantage of the high POD-like activity,photothermal properties,and large specific surface area of Fe-SAC-SE,we constructed a synergistic therapeutic system(Fe-SAC-SE@DOX@PEG)for combining the photothermal therapy,catalytic therapy,and chemotherapy.It was verified that the photothermal properties of Fe-SAC-SE@DOX@PEG could effectively improve its POD-like activity,exhibiting excellent tumor-killing performance at the cellular level.This work may provide a general approach to improve the performances of SACs for disease therapy and diagnosis.展开更多
Efficient determination of tumor exosomes using portable devices is crucial for the establishment of facile and convenient early cancer diagnostic methods. However, it is still challenging to effectively amplify the d...Efficient determination of tumor exosomes using portable devices is crucial for the establishment of facile and convenient early cancer diagnostic methods. However, it is still challenging to effectively amplify the detection signal to achieve tumor exosomes detection with high sensitivity by portable devices. To address this issue, we developed a portable multi-amplified temperature sensing strategy for highly sensitive detecting tumor exosomes based on multifunctional manganese dioxide/IR780 nanosheets(MnO_(2)/IR780 NSs) nanozyme with high oxidase-like activity and enhanced photothermal performance.Inspiringly, MnO_(2)/IR780 NSs were synthesized via a facile one-step method with mild experimental conditions, which not only exhibited a stronger photothermal effect than that of MnO_(2) but also showed excellent oxidase-like activity that can catalyze the oxidation of 3',3',5',5'-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB) to generate TMB oxide(oxTMB) with a robust photothermal property, thus conjoining with MnO_(2)/IR780 NSs to further enhance the temperature signal. The present assay enables highly sensitive determination of tumor exosomes with the detection limit down to 5.1×10~3 particles/mL, which was comparable or superior to those of the most previously reported sensors. Furthermore, detection of tumor exosomes spiked in biological samples was successfully realized. More importantly, our method showed the recommendable portability, robust applicability, and easy manipulation. By taking advantages of these features,this high-performance photothermal sensor offered a promising alternative means for nondestructive early cancer diagnosis and treatment efficacy evaluation.展开更多
Polymer stabilizers are widely used to synthesize gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)to prevent their aggregation and improve their stability.Although stabilizers are known to greatly influence both the structure and size of A...Polymer stabilizers are widely used to synthesize gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)to prevent their aggregation and improve their stability.Although stabilizers are known to greatly influence both the structure and size of Au NPs,limited efforts explore their effects on the activity of Au NPs for biocatalysis.Herein,different polymers are used as stabilizers to synthesize Au NPs.For the glucose oxidase-like activity,we find that without the spatial barrier from stabilizers,naked Au NPs show significantly high catalytic activity as well as the worst stability.Among the polymers,polyacrylic acid-stabilized Au NPs exhibit the highest activity,whose Vmax(0.74μM·s^(−1))is higher than that of the natural glucose oxidase(0.37μM·s^(−1))due to the smallest particle size(<2 nm)and the weak spatial resistance of polyacrylic acid.These variable catalytic results derive from the comprehensive effects including size,steric hindrance,and electronic effect.However,further selectivity and activity tests have exposed shortcomings.They possess universal activities for aldose oxidation,whereas cannot retain activities in typical physiological environments.Our findings highlight the role of polymer stabilizers in imposing effects on the glucose oxidase-like activity of Au NPs and provide a basis for further Au NPs engineering and applications.展开更多
Nanozyme antibacterial agents with high enzyme-like catalytic activity and strong bacteria-binding ability have provided an alternative method to efficiently disinfect drug-resistance microorganism.Herein,the carbon n...Nanozyme antibacterial agents with high enzyme-like catalytic activity and strong bacteria-binding ability have provided an alternative method to efficiently disinfect drug-resistance microorganism.Herein,the carbon nitride quantum dots(CNQDs)nanozymes with high nitrogen vacancies(NVs)were mass-productively prepared by a simple ultrasonic-crushing method assisted by propylene glycol.It was found that the NVs of CNQDs were stemmed from the selective breaking of surface N-(C)_(2)sites,accounting for 6.2%.Experiments and density functional theory(DFT)simulations have demonstrated that the presence of NVs can alter the local electron distribution and extend theπ-electron delocalization to enhance the peroxidase-like activity.Biocompatible CNQDs could enter inside microorganisms by diffusion and elevate the bacteria-binding ability,which enhanced the accurate and rapid attack of·OH to the microorganisms.The sterilization rate of CNQDs against Gram-negative bacteria(E.coli),Gram-positive bacteria(S.aureus,B.subtilis),fungi(R.solani)reaches more than 99%.Thus,this work showed great potential for engineered nanozymes for broad-spectrum antibacterial in biomedicine and environmental protection.展开更多
Mesoporous silica hollow spheres with a homogenous and high content distribution of Fe and Co were synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal process. The sub-nanometer bimetallic components inside the silica framew...Mesoporous silica hollow spheres with a homogenous and high content distribution of Fe and Co were synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal process. The sub-nanometer bimetallic components inside the silica framework facilitate the stable fixation and the open accessibility to active sites. The co-doped Fe/Co in the spheres showed excellent peroxidase-like activity and much higher catalytic performance than their monometallic-supported spheres. The synergistic effect between Fe and Co promotes the continuous formation of functional radicals during the oxidation process and thus accelerates the reaction rate. When used for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)), the Fe/Co incorporated silica hollow spheres show the capability of detection of H_(2)O_(2) in a wide range(10-250 μmol/L) and with the low detection limit of 0.012 ppm.展开更多
The undesirable enzymatic activity of nanozymes under near neutral p H condition and the traditional single signal output always restrict the analytical application of nanozyme-based biosensors.Herein,graphitic carbon...The undesirable enzymatic activity of nanozymes under near neutral p H condition and the traditional single signal output always restrict the analytical application of nanozyme-based biosensors.Herein,graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets supported palladium nanosheets composite (Pd/g-C_(3)N_(4)) with both oxidase-like activity and fluorescent property is synthesized.Notably,Pd/g-C_(3)N_(4)exhibits enhanced oxidase-like activity compared to Pd NSs under p H 7.4.By combining Pd/g-C_(3)N_(4)with o-phenylenediamine(OPD),a ratiometric fluorescence assay for acetylcholinesterase (ACh E) activity detection is developed.Pd/g-C_(3)N_(4)can catalyze oxidation of nonfluorescent OPD to fluorescent oxidized OPD (ox OPD,Em=565nm),which can quench fluorescence of g-C_(3)N_(4)supporter (Em=441 nm) through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET).However,in presence of ACh E,acetylthiocholine can be hydrolyzed into thiocholine,which will block the oxidase-like activity of Pd/g-C_(3)N_(4)and then hamper the FRET process.This ratiometric fluorescence assay is also viable to screen ACh E inhibitor.This work will guide design of ratiometric fluorescence assay based on nanozymes with improved enzymatic activity.展开更多
Background:Lifestyle plays an important role in preventing and managing gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).In response to the conflicting results in previous studies,we performed a systematic review and meta-analys...Background:Lifestyle plays an important role in preventing and managing gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).In response to the conflicting results in previous studies,we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate this association.Methods:Relevant studies published until January 2023 were retrieved from 6 databases,and the prevalence of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux(GER)or GERD was determined from the original studies.A random effects model was employed to meta-analyze the association by computing the pooled relative risk(RR)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs).Furthermore,subgroup and dose-response analyses were performed to explore subgroup differences and the association between cumulative physical activity(PA)time and GERD.Results:This meta-analysis included 33 studies comprising 242,850 participants.A significant negative association was observed between PA and the prevalence of symptomatic GER(RR=0.74,95%CI:0.66-0.83;p<0.01)or GERD(RR=0.80,95%CI:0.76-0.84;p<0.01),suggesting that engaging in PA might confer a protective benefit against GERD.Subgroup analyses consistently indicated the presence of this association across nearly all subgroups,particularly among the older individuals(RR_(<40 years):RR_(≥40 years)=0.85:0.69,p<0.01)and smokers(RR_(smoker):RR_(non-smoker)=0.67:0.82,p=0.03).Furthermore,a dose-response analysis revealed that individuals who engaged in 150 min of PA per week had a 72.09%lower risk of developing GERD.Conclusion:Maintaining high levels of PA decreased the risk of GERD,particularly among older adults and smokers.Meeting the recommended PA level of 150 min per week may significantly decrease the prevalence of GERD.展开更多
Purpose:The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity(PA)with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a populat...Purpose:The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity(PA)with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based prospective cohort study.Methods:Altogether,88,000 participants(mean age=62.2±7.9 years,mean±SD)were included from the UK Biobank.Sleep duration(short:<6 h/day;normal:6-8 h/day;long:>8 h/day)and PA of different intensities were measured using a wrist-won accelerometer over a 7-day period between 2013 and 2015.PA was classified according to the median or World Health Organization-recommendation:total volume of PA(high,low),moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)(recommended,not recommended),and light-intensity PA(high,low).Incidence of type 2diabetes was ascertained using hospital records or death registries.Results:During a median follow-up of 7.0 years,1615 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented.Compared with normal sleep duration,short(hazard ratio(HR)=1.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.03-1.41)but not long sleep duration(HR=1.01,95%CI:0.89-1.15)was associated with excessive type 2 diabetes risk.This increased risk among short sleepers seems to be protected against by PA.Compared with normal sleepers with high or recommended PA,short sleepers with low volume of PA(HR=1.81,95%CI:1.46-2.25),not recommended(below the World Health Organization-recommended level of)MVPA(HR=1.92,95%CI:1.55-2.36),or low light-intensity PA(HR=1.49,95%CI:1.13-1.90)had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes,while short sleepers with a high volume of PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.88-1.49),recommended MVPA(HR=1.02,95%CI:0.71-1.48),or high light-intensity PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.92-1.41)did not.Conclusion:Accelerometer-measured short but not long sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes.A higher level of PA,regardless of intensity,potentially ameliorates this excessive risk.展开更多
Background:Information on the association between physical activity(PA)and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD)is limited.We aimed to explore the associations of total,domain-specific,and intensity-specific PA with...Background:Information on the association between physical activity(PA)and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD)is limited.We aimed to explore the associations of total,domain-specific,and intensity-specific PA with CKD and its subtypes in China.Methods:The study included 475,376 adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank aged 30-79 years during 2004-2008 at baseline.An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information about PA,which was quantified as metabolic equivalent of task hours per day(MET-h/day)and categorized into 4 groups based on quartiles.Cox regression was used to analyze the association between PA and CKD risk.Results:During a median follow-up of 12.1 years,5415 incident CKD cases were documented,including 1159 incident diabetic kidney disease(DKD)cases and 362 incident hypertensive nephropathy(HTN)cases.Total PA was inversely associated with CKD risk,with an adjusted hazard ratio(HR,95%confidence interval(95%CI))of 0.83(0.75-0.92)for incident CKD in the highest quartile of total PA as compared with participants in the lowest quartile.Similar results were observed for risk of DKD and HTN,and the corresponding HRs(95%CIs)were 0.75(0.58-0.97)for DKD risk and 0.56(0.37-0.85)for HTN risk.Increased nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA were significantly associated with a decreased risk of CKD,with HRs(95%CIs)of 0.80(0.73-0.88),0.85(0.77-0.94),and 0.85(0.76-0.95)in the highest quartile,respectively.Conclusion:PA,including nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA,was inversely associated with the risk of CKD,including DKD,HTN,and other CKD,and such associations were dose dependent.展开更多
Background:A quality diet and an active lifestyle are both important cornerstones of cardiovascular disease(CVD)prevention.However,despite their interlinked effects on metabolic health,the 2 behaviors are rarely consi...Background:A quality diet and an active lifestyle are both important cornerstones of cardiovascular disease(CVD)prevention.However,despite their interlinked effects on metabolic health,the 2 behaviors are rarely considered jointly,particularly within the context of CVD prevention.We examined the independent,interactive,and joint associations of diet and physical activity with CVD hospitalization,CVD mortality,and all-cause mortality.Methods:CVD-free Australian participants aged 4574 years(n=85,545)reported physical activity,diet,sociodemographic,and lifestyle characteristics at baseline(20062009)and follow-up(20122015),and data were linked to hospitalization and death registries(03/31/2019 for CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality and 12/08/2017 for CVD mortality).Diet quality was categorized as low,medium,and high based on meeting dietary recommendations.Physical activity was operationalized as(a)total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)as per guidelines,and(b)the composition of MVPA as the ratio of vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)to total MVPA.We used a left-truncated cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model using time-varying covariates.Results:During a median of 10.7 years of follow-up,6576 participants were admitted to the hospital for CVD and 6581 died from all causes(876 from CVD during 9.3 years).A high-quality diet was associated with a 17%lower risk of all-cause mortality than a low-quality diet,and the highest MVPA category(compared with the lowest)was associated with a 44%and 48%lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality,respectively.Multiplicative interactions between diet and physical activity were non-significant.For all outcomes,the lowest risk combinations involved a high-quality diet and the highest MVPA categories.Accounting for total MVPA,some VPA was associated with further risk reduction of CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality.Conclusion:For CVD prevention and longevity,one should adhere to both a healthy diet and an active lifestyle and incorporate some VPA when possible.展开更多
Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investi...Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investigated the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with body fat among adults.Methods:This was a cross-sectional analysis of U.S.nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey2011-2018 among adults aged 20 years or older.Daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA)were self-reported using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.Body fat(total and trunk fat percentage)was determined via dual X-ray absorptiometry.Results:Among 10,808 adults,about 54.6%spent 6 h/day or more sitting;more than one-half reported no LTPA(inactive)or less than 150 min/week LTPA(insufficiently active)with only 43.3%reported 150 min/week or more LTPA(active)in the past week.After fully adjusting for sociodemographic data,lifestyle behaviors,and chronic conditions,prolonged sitting time and low levels of LTPA were associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in both sexes.When stratifying by LTPA,the association between daily sitting time and body fat appeared to be stronger in those who were inactive/insuufficiently active.In the joint analyses,inactive/insuufficiently active adults who reported sitting more than 8 h/day had the highest total(female:3.99%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.09%-4.88%);male:3.79%(95%CI:2.75%-4.82%))and trunk body fat percentages(female:4.21%(95%CI:3.09%-5.32%);male:4.07%(95%CI:2.95%-5.19%))when compared with those who were active and sitting less than 4 h/day.Conclusion:Prolonged daily sitting time was associated with increased body fat among U.S.adults.The higher body fat associated with 6 h/day sitting may not be offset by achieving recommended levels of physical activity.展开更多
In this editorial we comment on the article titled“Inflammatory bowel diseases patients suffer from significant low levels and barriers to physical activity:The BE-FIT-IBD study”published in a recent issue of the Wo...In this editorial we comment on the article titled“Inflammatory bowel diseases patients suffer from significant low levels and barriers to physical activity:The BE-FIT-IBD study”published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroen-terology 2023;29(41):5668-5682.Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are emerging as a significant global health concern as their incidence continues to rise on a global scale,with detrimental impacts on quality of life.While many advances have been made regarding the management of the disease,physical inactivity in these patients represents an underexplored issue that may hold the key for further and better understanding the ramifications of IBD.Chronic pain,fatigue,and fear of exacerbating symptoms promotes physical inactivity among IBD patients,while the lack of clear guidelines on safe exercise regimens contributes to a norm of physical inactivity.Physical activity(PA)is accepted to have a positive effect on disease outcomes and quality of life,while inactivity exacerbates comorbidities like cardiovascular disease and mental health disorders.The“BE-FIT-IBD”study,focusing on PA levels and barriers in IBD patients of Southern Italy,revealed that a significant proportion(42.9%)were physically inactive.This lack of PA is attributed to barriers such as fear of flare-ups and misconceptions about exercise exacerbating the disease.The study also highlighted the need for better communication between healthcare providers and patients regarding the benefits of PA and safe incorporation into lifestyles.Moreover,physical inactivity may also contribute to disability in IBD patients,having a great impact on employment status.Of note is the fact that IBD also comes with an important psychological burden with relevant evidence suggesting that regular PA can improve mood,reduce anxiety,and enhance mental health.The“BE-FIT-IBD”study advocated for the integration of PA into IBD management,emphasizing the bidirectional link between PA and IBD.Regular exercise can influence the course of IBD,potentially reducing symptom severity and prolonging remission periods.As such,it is mandatory that healthcare providers actively educate patients,dispel misconceptions,and tailor exercise recommendations to improve the quality of life and reduce IBD-related complications.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,showed a wide spectrum of intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations,which rendered the patients physically inactive and impaired t...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,showed a wide spectrum of intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations,which rendered the patients physically inactive and impaired their quality of life.It has been found that physical activity is a non-pharmacological intervention that improves the quality of life for those patients.Irisin is one member of the myokines secreted by muscle contraction during exercise and could be used as an antiinflammatory biomarker in assessing the physical activity of IBD patients.In addition,experimental studies showed that exogenous irisin significantly decreased the inflammatory markers and the histological changes of the intestinal mucosa observed in experimental colitis.Furthermore,irisin produces changes in the diversity of the microbiota.Therefore,endogenous or exogenous irisin,via its anti-inflammatory effects,will improve the health of IBD patients and will limit the barriers to physical activity in patients with IBD.展开更多
Plant-based fermentations provide an untapped source for novel biotechnological applications.In this study,a probiotic named Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 was introduced to ferment Lentinus edodes.Polysaccharides were...Plant-based fermentations provide an untapped source for novel biotechnological applications.In this study,a probiotic named Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 was introduced to ferment Lentinus edodes.Polysaccharides were extracted from fermented and non-fermented L.edodes and purified via DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100.The components designated F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a were analyzed by FT-IR,HPGPC,HPAEC,SEM,GC-MS and NMR.The results revealed that probiotic fermentation increased the molecular weight from 1.16×10^(4) Da to 1.87×10^(4) Da and altered the proportions of glucose,galactose and mannose,in which glucose increased from 45.94%to 48.16%.Methylation analysis and NMR spectra indicated that F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a had similar linkage patterns.Furthermore,their immunomodulatory activities were evaluated with immunosuppressive mice.NF-LEP and F-LEP improved immune organ indices,immunoglobulin(Ig G and Ig M)and cytokines concentrations;restored the antioxidation capacity of liver;and maintained the balance of gut microbiota.F-LEP displayed better moderating effects on the spleen index,immunoglobulin,cytokines and the diversity of gut microbiota than NF-LEP(200,400 mg/kg).Our study provides an efficient and environment-friendly way for the structural modification of polysaccharides,which helps to enhance their biological activity and promote their wide application in food,medicine and other fields.展开更多
Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)substantially affects quality of life and requires early prevention.This study aimed to elucidate the relationships between IBS and daily behaviors,including sedentary behavior(...Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)substantially affects quality of life and requires early prevention.This study aimed to elucidate the relationships between IBS and daily behaviors,including sedentary behavior(SB),physical activity(PA),and sleep.In particular,it seeks to identify healthy behaviors to reduce IBS risk,which previous studies have rarely addressed.Methods:Daily behaviors were retrieved from self-reported data of 362,193 eligible UK Biobank participants.Incident cases were determined by self-report or health care data according to RomeⅣcriteria.Results:A total of 345,388 participants were IBS-free at baseline,during a median follow-up of 8.45 years,19,885 incident IBS cases were recorded.When examined individually,SB and shorter(≤7 h/day)or longer(>7 h/day)sleep duration were each positively associated with increased IBS risk,and PA was associated with lower IBS risk.The isotemporal substitution model suggested that replacing SB with other activities could provide further protective effects against IBS risk.Among people sleeping≤7 h/day,replacing 1 h of SB with equivalent light PA,vigorous PA,or sleep was associated with 8.1%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.901-0.937),5.8%(95%CI:0.896-0.991),and 9.2%(95%CI:0.885-0.932)reduced IBS risk,respectively.For people sleeping>7 h/day,light and vigorous PA were associated with a 4.8%(95%CI:0.926-0.978)and a 12.0%(95%CI:0.815-0.949)lower IBS risk,respectively.These benefits were mostly independent of genetic risk for IBS.Conclusion:SB and unhealthy sleep duration are risk factors for IBS.A promising way to mitigate IBS risk for individuals sleeping≤7 h/day and for those sleeping>7 h/day appears to be by replacing SB with adequate sleep or vigorous PA,respectively,regardless of the genetic predisposition of IBS.展开更多
As adolescent mental health problems are becoming a more serious issue globally,this paper explores the relationship of physical activity in adolescents and its frequency on mental health as well as examines the media...As adolescent mental health problems are becoming a more serious issue globally,this paper explores the relationship of physical activity in adolescents and its frequency on mental health as well as examines the mediating effects of life satisfaction and self-rated health in order to provide a reference for the promotion of mental health in adolescents.A sample of 3578 Chinese high school students completed questionnaires assessing their mental health,physical activity frequency,life satisfaction,and self-rated health.The mean SCL-90 value for adolescents was found to be 1.629%,and 24.73%of adolescents had varying degrees of mental health issue.Increased physical activity frequency is positively associated with improved mental health(p<0.001).Additionally,life satisfaction and self-rated health were found to play significant mediating roles in the relationship between physical activity frequency and mental health.Specifically,low-frequency physical activity had the most pronounced mediating effect on mental health through life satisfaction,while high-frequency physical activity exerted the most significant mediating effect on mental health through self-rated health.These findings underscore the importance of promoting physical activity among adolescents and highlight the distinct pathways through which physical activity frequency can influence mental health outcomes.Further research is needed to explore these relationships in diverse populations and settings,as well as to develop targeted intervention.展开更多
There have been reports about Fe ions boosting oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity of Ni-based catalysts in alkaline conditions,while the origin and reason for the enhancement remains elusive.Herein,we attempt to i...There have been reports about Fe ions boosting oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity of Ni-based catalysts in alkaline conditions,while the origin and reason for the enhancement remains elusive.Herein,we attempt to identify the activity improvement and discover that Ni sites act as a host to attract Fe(Ⅲ)to form Fe(Ni)(Ⅲ)binary centres,which serve as the dynamic sites to promote OER activity and stability by cyclical formation of intermediates(Fe(Ⅲ)→Fe(Ni)(Ⅲ)→Fe(Ni)-OH→Fe(Ni)-O→Fe(Ni)OOH→Fe(Ⅲ))at the electrode/electrolyte interface to emit O_(2).Additionally,some ions(Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),and Cr(Ⅲ))can also be the active sites to catalyze the OER process on a variety of electrodes.The Fe(Ⅲ)-catalyzed overall water-splitting electrolyzer comprising bare Ni foam as the anode and Pt/Ni-Mo as the cathode demonstrates robust stability for 1600 h at 1000 mA cm^(-2)@~1.75 V.The results provide insights into the ioncatalyzed effects boosting OER performance.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)technology has become integral in the realm of medicine and healthcare,particularly in human activity recognition(HAR)applications such as fitness and rehabilitation tracking.This study intr...Artificial intelligence(AI)technology has become integral in the realm of medicine and healthcare,particularly in human activity recognition(HAR)applications such as fitness and rehabilitation tracking.This study introduces a robust coupling analysis framework that integrates four AI-enabled models,combining both machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)approaches to evaluate their effectiveness in HAR.The analytical dataset comprises 561 features sourced from the UCI-HAR database,forming the foundation for training the models.Additionally,the MHEALTH database is employed to replicate the modeling process for comparative purposes,while inclusion of the WISDM database,renowned for its challenging features,supports the framework’s resilience and adaptability.The ML-based models employ the methodologies including adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS),support vector machine(SVM),and random forest(RF),for data training.In contrast,a DL-based model utilizes one-dimensional convolution neural network(1dCNN)to automate feature extraction.Furthermore,the recursive feature elimination(RFE)algorithm,which drives an ML-based estimator to eliminate low-participation features,helps identify the optimal features for enhancing model performance.The best accuracies of the ANFIS,SVM,RF,and 1dCNN models with meticulous featuring process achieve around 90%,96%,91%,and 93%,respectively.Comparative analysis using the MHEALTH dataset showcases the 1dCNN model’s remarkable perfect accuracy(100%),while the RF,SVM,and ANFIS models equipped with selected features achieve accuracies of 99.8%,99.7%,and 96.5%,respectively.Finally,when applied to the WISDM dataset,the DL-based and ML-based models attain accuracies of 91.4%and 87.3%,respectively,aligning with prior research findings.In conclusion,the proposed framework yields HAR models with commendable performance metrics,exhibiting its suitability for integration into the healthcare services system through AI-driven applications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51572253,21771171)Scientific Research Grant of Hefei Science Center of CAS(2015SRG-HSC048)+1 种基金cooperation between NSFC and Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research(51561135011)CAS-TWAS Scholarship Program~~
文摘We prepared the Fe3O4/g‐C3N4nanoparticles(NPs)through a simple electrostatic self‐assembly method with a3:97weight ratio to investigate their Fenton,photo‐Fenton and oxidative functionalities besides photocatalytic functionality.We observed an improvement of the Fenton and photo‐Fenton activities of the Fe3O4/g‐C3N4nanocomposites.This improvement was attributed to efficient charge transfer between Fe3O4and g‐C3N4at the heterojunctions,inhibition of electron‐hole recombination,a high surface area,and stabilization of Fe3O4against leaching by the hydrophobic g‐C3N4.The obtained NPs showed a higher degradation potential for rhodamine B(RhB)dye than those of Fe3O4and g‐C3N4.As compared to photocatalysis,the efficiency of RhB degradation in the Fenton and photo‐Fenton reactions was increased by20%and90%,respectively.Additionally,the horseradish peroxidase(HRP)activity of the prepared nanomaterials was studied with3,3,5,5‐tetramethylbenzidinedihydrochloride(TMB)as a substrate.Dopamine oxidation was also examined.Results indicate that Fe3O4/g‐C3N4nanocomposites offers more efficient degradation of RhB dye in a photo‐Fenton system compared with regular photocatalytic degradation,which requires a long time.Our study also confirmed that Fe3O4/g‐C3N4nanocomposites can be used as a potential material for mimicking HRP owing to its high affinity for TMB.These findings suggest good potential for applications in biosensing and as a catalyst in oxidation reactions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22004111 and 21974125)the Tackle Key Problems in Science and Technology Project of Henan Province,China(No.222102310386)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M682327)Henan Postdoctoral Foundation(No.202002009)Program for Innovative Research Team(in Science and Technology)in University of Henan Province(No.22TRTSTHN002)Excellent Youth Foundation of Henan Scientific Committee(No.232300421021)。
文摘Long-term excessive intake of nitrite(NO_(2)^(-))poses a great threat to human health,needing a simple and fast method to detect NO_(2)-in food.Herein,via a simple and feasible strategy,Mn/Yb/Er triple-doped CeO_(2) nanozyme(Mn/Yb/Er/CeO_(2))was synthesized for highly sensitive ratiometric detection of nitrite.By doping Mn,Yb,Er into CeO_(2) lattice structure,Mn/Yb/Er/CeO_(2) nanozyme showed enhanced oxidase-like activity,obtaining a higher density of oxygen vacancy and a higher ratio of Ce^(3+)to Ce~(4+)than that of CeO_(2).The 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)can be effectively oxidized by Mn/Yb/Er/CeO_(2) to produce the oxidized TMB(ox TMB),showing a significant absorption signal at 652 nm.Additionally,nitrite can react with ox TMB to produce yellow diazotized ox TMB,which is accompanied by an elevated absorption signal at 445 nm and a decreased absorption signal at 652 nm.Thus,based on the oxidase-mimetic activity of Mn/Yb/Er/CeO_(2) and the diazotization reaction between NO_(2)^(-)and ox TMB,a ratiometric colorimetric assay was established for NO_(2)^(-)detection in food.Furthermore,by integrating Mn/Yb/Er/CeO_(2) with a smartphone,a colorimetric smartphone-sensing platform was successfully fabricated for visualization and quantitative detection of NO_(2)^(-).Notably,this two-detection mode showed excellent sensitivity,selectivity,reliability and practicability in monitoring the NO_(2)^(-)in real samples,impling its great potential for food safety.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51872030,51631001,51902023,51702016,and 22175048)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars.
文摘Carbon-based single-atom catalysts(SACs)have been widely studied in the field of biomedicine due to their excellent catalytic performance.However,carbon-based SACs usually aggregate during pyrolysis,which leads to the reduction of catalytic activity.Here,we describe a method to improve the monodispersion of SACs using silicon dioxide as a protective layer.The decoration of silicon dioxide serves as a buffer layer for individual nanoparticles,which is not destroyed during the pyrolysis process,ensuring the single-particle dispersion of the nanoparticles after etching.This approach increased the hydroxyl groups on the surface of Fe-SAC(Fe-SAC-SE)and improved its water solubility,resulting in a four times enhancement of the peroxidase(POD)-like activity of Fe-SAC-SE(58.4 U/mg)than that of non-protected SACs(13.9 U/mg).The SiO_(2)-protection approach could also improve the catalytic activities of SACs with other metals such as Mn,Co,Ni,and Cu,indicating its generality for SACs preparation.Taking advantage of the high POD-like activity,photothermal properties,and large specific surface area of Fe-SAC-SE,we constructed a synergistic therapeutic system(Fe-SAC-SE@DOX@PEG)for combining the photothermal therapy,catalytic therapy,and chemotherapy.It was verified that the photothermal properties of Fe-SAC-SE@DOX@PEG could effectively improve its POD-like activity,exhibiting excellent tumor-killing performance at the cellular level.This work may provide a general approach to improve the performances of SACs for disease therapy and diagnosis.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22174083 and 22076090)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2020ZD37)+2 种基金Special Foundation for Taishan Scholar of Shandong Province(No.TSQN202103093)Shandong Province Higher Educational Program for Young Innovation Talentsthe Research Foundation for Distinguished Scholars of Qingdao Agricultural University(No.6651119006)。
文摘Efficient determination of tumor exosomes using portable devices is crucial for the establishment of facile and convenient early cancer diagnostic methods. However, it is still challenging to effectively amplify the detection signal to achieve tumor exosomes detection with high sensitivity by portable devices. To address this issue, we developed a portable multi-amplified temperature sensing strategy for highly sensitive detecting tumor exosomes based on multifunctional manganese dioxide/IR780 nanosheets(MnO_(2)/IR780 NSs) nanozyme with high oxidase-like activity and enhanced photothermal performance.Inspiringly, MnO_(2)/IR780 NSs were synthesized via a facile one-step method with mild experimental conditions, which not only exhibited a stronger photothermal effect than that of MnO_(2) but also showed excellent oxidase-like activity that can catalyze the oxidation of 3',3',5',5'-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB) to generate TMB oxide(oxTMB) with a robust photothermal property, thus conjoining with MnO_(2)/IR780 NSs to further enhance the temperature signal. The present assay enables highly sensitive determination of tumor exosomes with the detection limit down to 5.1×10~3 particles/mL, which was comparable or superior to those of the most previously reported sensors. Furthermore, detection of tumor exosomes spiked in biological samples was successfully realized. More importantly, our method showed the recommendable portability, robust applicability, and easy manipulation. By taking advantages of these features,this high-performance photothermal sensor offered a promising alternative means for nondestructive early cancer diagnosis and treatment efficacy evaluation.
基金S.J.D.acknowledges the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22074137 and 21721003)Y.X.F.acknowledges the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22274149)+1 种基金L.L.acknowledges the financial support of High Technology Industrialization Special of Science and Technology Cooperation of Jilin Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2021SYHZ0036)Jilin Province Key R&D Program of China(No.20200403002SF).
文摘Polymer stabilizers are widely used to synthesize gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)to prevent their aggregation and improve their stability.Although stabilizers are known to greatly influence both the structure and size of Au NPs,limited efforts explore their effects on the activity of Au NPs for biocatalysis.Herein,different polymers are used as stabilizers to synthesize Au NPs.For the glucose oxidase-like activity,we find that without the spatial barrier from stabilizers,naked Au NPs show significantly high catalytic activity as well as the worst stability.Among the polymers,polyacrylic acid-stabilized Au NPs exhibit the highest activity,whose Vmax(0.74μM·s^(−1))is higher than that of the natural glucose oxidase(0.37μM·s^(−1))due to the smallest particle size(<2 nm)and the weak spatial resistance of polyacrylic acid.These variable catalytic results derive from the comprehensive effects including size,steric hindrance,and electronic effect.However,further selectivity and activity tests have exposed shortcomings.They possess universal activities for aldose oxidation,whereas cannot retain activities in typical physiological environments.Our findings highlight the role of polymer stabilizers in imposing effects on the glucose oxidase-like activity of Au NPs and provide a basis for further Au NPs engineering and applications.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21876099,22106088,and 22276110)Key Research&Developmental Program of Shandong Province(No.2021CXGC011202)Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University(No.zy202102).
文摘Nanozyme antibacterial agents with high enzyme-like catalytic activity and strong bacteria-binding ability have provided an alternative method to efficiently disinfect drug-resistance microorganism.Herein,the carbon nitride quantum dots(CNQDs)nanozymes with high nitrogen vacancies(NVs)were mass-productively prepared by a simple ultrasonic-crushing method assisted by propylene glycol.It was found that the NVs of CNQDs were stemmed from the selective breaking of surface N-(C)_(2)sites,accounting for 6.2%.Experiments and density functional theory(DFT)simulations have demonstrated that the presence of NVs can alter the local electron distribution and extend theπ-electron delocalization to enhance the peroxidase-like activity.Biocompatible CNQDs could enter inside microorganisms by diffusion and elevate the bacteria-binding ability,which enhanced the accurate and rapid attack of·OH to the microorganisms.The sterilization rate of CNQDs against Gram-negative bacteria(E.coli),Gram-positive bacteria(S.aureus,B.subtilis),fungi(R.solani)reaches more than 99%.Thus,this work showed great potential for engineered nanozymes for broad-spectrum antibacterial in biomedicine and environmental protection.
基金financial supports from the Instrument & Equipment Open Funding of Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNational Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21875108)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 30921013106)。
文摘Mesoporous silica hollow spheres with a homogenous and high content distribution of Fe and Co were synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal process. The sub-nanometer bimetallic components inside the silica framework facilitate the stable fixation and the open accessibility to active sites. The co-doped Fe/Co in the spheres showed excellent peroxidase-like activity and much higher catalytic performance than their monometallic-supported spheres. The synergistic effect between Fe and Co promotes the continuous formation of functional radicals during the oxidation process and thus accelerates the reaction rate. When used for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)), the Fe/Co incorporated silica hollow spheres show the capability of detection of H_(2)O_(2) in a wide range(10-250 μmol/L) and with the low detection limit of 0.012 ppm.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Nos.ZR2020QB033 and ZR2019YQ10)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21904048,21974132,21902061 and 21902062)the Young Taishan Scholars Program (No.tsqn201812080)。
文摘The undesirable enzymatic activity of nanozymes under near neutral p H condition and the traditional single signal output always restrict the analytical application of nanozyme-based biosensors.Herein,graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets supported palladium nanosheets composite (Pd/g-C_(3)N_(4)) with both oxidase-like activity and fluorescent property is synthesized.Notably,Pd/g-C_(3)N_(4)exhibits enhanced oxidase-like activity compared to Pd NSs under p H 7.4.By combining Pd/g-C_(3)N_(4)with o-phenylenediamine(OPD),a ratiometric fluorescence assay for acetylcholinesterase (ACh E) activity detection is developed.Pd/g-C_(3)N_(4)can catalyze oxidation of nonfluorescent OPD to fluorescent oxidized OPD (ox OPD,Em=565nm),which can quench fluorescence of g-C_(3)N_(4)supporter (Em=441 nm) through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET).However,in presence of ACh E,acetylthiocholine can be hydrolyzed into thiocholine,which will block the oxidase-like activity of Pd/g-C_(3)N_(4)and then hamper the FRET process.This ratiometric fluorescence assay is also viable to screen ACh E inhibitor.This work will guide design of ratiometric fluorescence assay based on nanozymes with improved enzymatic activity.
文摘Background:Lifestyle plays an important role in preventing and managing gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).In response to the conflicting results in previous studies,we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate this association.Methods:Relevant studies published until January 2023 were retrieved from 6 databases,and the prevalence of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux(GER)or GERD was determined from the original studies.A random effects model was employed to meta-analyze the association by computing the pooled relative risk(RR)with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs).Furthermore,subgroup and dose-response analyses were performed to explore subgroup differences and the association between cumulative physical activity(PA)time and GERD.Results:This meta-analysis included 33 studies comprising 242,850 participants.A significant negative association was observed between PA and the prevalence of symptomatic GER(RR=0.74,95%CI:0.66-0.83;p<0.01)or GERD(RR=0.80,95%CI:0.76-0.84;p<0.01),suggesting that engaging in PA might confer a protective benefit against GERD.Subgroup analyses consistently indicated the presence of this association across nearly all subgroups,particularly among the older individuals(RR_(<40 years):RR_(≥40 years)=0.85:0.69,p<0.01)and smokers(RR_(smoker):RR_(non-smoker)=0.67:0.82,p=0.03).Furthermore,a dose-response analysis revealed that individuals who engaged in 150 min of PA per week had a 72.09%lower risk of developing GERD.Conclusion:Maintaining high levels of PA decreased the risk of GERD,particularly among older adults and smokers.Meeting the recommended PA level of 150 min per week may significantly decrease the prevalence of GERD.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2501500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171476)。
文摘Purpose:The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity(PA)with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based prospective cohort study.Methods:Altogether,88,000 participants(mean age=62.2±7.9 years,mean±SD)were included from the UK Biobank.Sleep duration(short:<6 h/day;normal:6-8 h/day;long:>8 h/day)and PA of different intensities were measured using a wrist-won accelerometer over a 7-day period between 2013 and 2015.PA was classified according to the median or World Health Organization-recommendation:total volume of PA(high,low),moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)(recommended,not recommended),and light-intensity PA(high,low).Incidence of type 2diabetes was ascertained using hospital records or death registries.Results:During a median follow-up of 7.0 years,1615 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented.Compared with normal sleep duration,short(hazard ratio(HR)=1.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.03-1.41)but not long sleep duration(HR=1.01,95%CI:0.89-1.15)was associated with excessive type 2 diabetes risk.This increased risk among short sleepers seems to be protected against by PA.Compared with normal sleepers with high or recommended PA,short sleepers with low volume of PA(HR=1.81,95%CI:1.46-2.25),not recommended(below the World Health Organization-recommended level of)MVPA(HR=1.92,95%CI:1.55-2.36),or low light-intensity PA(HR=1.49,95%CI:1.13-1.90)had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes,while short sleepers with a high volume of PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.88-1.49),recommended MVPA(HR=1.02,95%CI:0.71-1.48),or high light-intensity PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.92-1.41)did not.Conclusion:Accelerometer-measured short but not long sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes.A higher level of PA,regardless of intensity,potentially ameliorates this excessive risk.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82192900,82192901,82192904,81941018,and 91846303)Peking University Medicine Seed Fund for Interdisciplinary Research(BMU2022MX025)+5 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessupported by a grant from the Kadoorie Charitable Foundation in Hong Kongsupported by grants from the UK Wellcome Trust(212946/Z/18/Z,202922/Z/16/Z,104085/Z/14/Z,and 088158/Z/09/Z)the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC0900500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81390540)Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(2011BAI09B01)。
文摘Background:Information on the association between physical activity(PA)and the risk of chronic kidney disease(CKD)is limited.We aimed to explore the associations of total,domain-specific,and intensity-specific PA with CKD and its subtypes in China.Methods:The study included 475,376 adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank aged 30-79 years during 2004-2008 at baseline.An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the information about PA,which was quantified as metabolic equivalent of task hours per day(MET-h/day)and categorized into 4 groups based on quartiles.Cox regression was used to analyze the association between PA and CKD risk.Results:During a median follow-up of 12.1 years,5415 incident CKD cases were documented,including 1159 incident diabetic kidney disease(DKD)cases and 362 incident hypertensive nephropathy(HTN)cases.Total PA was inversely associated with CKD risk,with an adjusted hazard ratio(HR,95%confidence interval(95%CI))of 0.83(0.75-0.92)for incident CKD in the highest quartile of total PA as compared with participants in the lowest quartile.Similar results were observed for risk of DKD and HTN,and the corresponding HRs(95%CIs)were 0.75(0.58-0.97)for DKD risk and 0.56(0.37-0.85)for HTN risk.Increased nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA were significantly associated with a decreased risk of CKD,with HRs(95%CIs)of 0.80(0.73-0.88),0.85(0.77-0.94),and 0.85(0.76-0.95)in the highest quartile,respectively.Conclusion:PA,including nonoccupational PA,low-intensity PA,and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA,was inversely associated with the risk of CKD,including DKD,HTN,and other CKD,and such associations were dose dependent.
基金the Heart Foundation Australia(#101234,#101583)an Emerging Leader Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council(2009254)an Early-Mid Career Researcher Grant under the New South Wales Cardiovascular Research Capacity Program.
文摘Background:A quality diet and an active lifestyle are both important cornerstones of cardiovascular disease(CVD)prevention.However,despite their interlinked effects on metabolic health,the 2 behaviors are rarely considered jointly,particularly within the context of CVD prevention.We examined the independent,interactive,and joint associations of diet and physical activity with CVD hospitalization,CVD mortality,and all-cause mortality.Methods:CVD-free Australian participants aged 4574 years(n=85,545)reported physical activity,diet,sociodemographic,and lifestyle characteristics at baseline(20062009)and follow-up(20122015),and data were linked to hospitalization and death registries(03/31/2019 for CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality and 12/08/2017 for CVD mortality).Diet quality was categorized as low,medium,and high based on meeting dietary recommendations.Physical activity was operationalized as(a)total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)as per guidelines,and(b)the composition of MVPA as the ratio of vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)to total MVPA.We used a left-truncated cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model using time-varying covariates.Results:During a median of 10.7 years of follow-up,6576 participants were admitted to the hospital for CVD and 6581 died from all causes(876 from CVD during 9.3 years).A high-quality diet was associated with a 17%lower risk of all-cause mortality than a low-quality diet,and the highest MVPA category(compared with the lowest)was associated with a 44%and 48%lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality,respectively.Multiplicative interactions between diet and physical activity were non-significant.For all outcomes,the lowest risk combinations involved a high-quality diet and the highest MVPA categories.Accounting for total MVPA,some VPA was associated with further risk reduction of CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality.Conclusion:For CVD prevention and longevity,one should adhere to both a healthy diet and an active lifestyle and incorporate some VPA when possible.
文摘Background:Prolonged sitting and reduced physical activity lead to low energy expenditures.However,little is known about the joint impact of daily sitting time and physical activity on body fat distribution.We investigated the independent and joint associations of daily sitting time and physical activity with body fat among adults.Methods:This was a cross-sectional analysis of U.S.nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey2011-2018 among adults aged 20 years or older.Daily sitting time and leisure-time physical activity(LTPA)were self-reported using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire.Body fat(total and trunk fat percentage)was determined via dual X-ray absorptiometry.Results:Among 10,808 adults,about 54.6%spent 6 h/day or more sitting;more than one-half reported no LTPA(inactive)or less than 150 min/week LTPA(insufficiently active)with only 43.3%reported 150 min/week or more LTPA(active)in the past week.After fully adjusting for sociodemographic data,lifestyle behaviors,and chronic conditions,prolonged sitting time and low levels of LTPA were associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in both sexes.When stratifying by LTPA,the association between daily sitting time and body fat appeared to be stronger in those who were inactive/insuufficiently active.In the joint analyses,inactive/insuufficiently active adults who reported sitting more than 8 h/day had the highest total(female:3.99%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):3.09%-4.88%);male:3.79%(95%CI:2.75%-4.82%))and trunk body fat percentages(female:4.21%(95%CI:3.09%-5.32%);male:4.07%(95%CI:2.95%-5.19%))when compared with those who were active and sitting less than 4 h/day.Conclusion:Prolonged daily sitting time was associated with increased body fat among U.S.adults.The higher body fat associated with 6 h/day sitting may not be offset by achieving recommended levels of physical activity.
文摘In this editorial we comment on the article titled“Inflammatory bowel diseases patients suffer from significant low levels and barriers to physical activity:The BE-FIT-IBD study”published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroen-terology 2023;29(41):5668-5682.Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are emerging as a significant global health concern as their incidence continues to rise on a global scale,with detrimental impacts on quality of life.While many advances have been made regarding the management of the disease,physical inactivity in these patients represents an underexplored issue that may hold the key for further and better understanding the ramifications of IBD.Chronic pain,fatigue,and fear of exacerbating symptoms promotes physical inactivity among IBD patients,while the lack of clear guidelines on safe exercise regimens contributes to a norm of physical inactivity.Physical activity(PA)is accepted to have a positive effect on disease outcomes and quality of life,while inactivity exacerbates comorbidities like cardiovascular disease and mental health disorders.The“BE-FIT-IBD”study,focusing on PA levels and barriers in IBD patients of Southern Italy,revealed that a significant proportion(42.9%)were physically inactive.This lack of PA is attributed to barriers such as fear of flare-ups and misconceptions about exercise exacerbating the disease.The study also highlighted the need for better communication between healthcare providers and patients regarding the benefits of PA and safe incorporation into lifestyles.Moreover,physical inactivity may also contribute to disability in IBD patients,having a great impact on employment status.Of note is the fact that IBD also comes with an important psychological burden with relevant evidence suggesting that regular PA can improve mood,reduce anxiety,and enhance mental health.The“BE-FIT-IBD”study advocated for the integration of PA into IBD management,emphasizing the bidirectional link between PA and IBD.Regular exercise can influence the course of IBD,potentially reducing symptom severity and prolonging remission periods.As such,it is mandatory that healthcare providers actively educate patients,dispel misconceptions,and tailor exercise recommendations to improve the quality of life and reduce IBD-related complications.
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,showed a wide spectrum of intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations,which rendered the patients physically inactive and impaired their quality of life.It has been found that physical activity is a non-pharmacological intervention that improves the quality of life for those patients.Irisin is one member of the myokines secreted by muscle contraction during exercise and could be used as an antiinflammatory biomarker in assessing the physical activity of IBD patients.In addition,experimental studies showed that exogenous irisin significantly decreased the inflammatory markers and the histological changes of the intestinal mucosa observed in experimental colitis.Furthermore,irisin produces changes in the diversity of the microbiota.Therefore,endogenous or exogenous irisin,via its anti-inflammatory effects,will improve the health of IBD patients and will limit the barriers to physical activity in patients with IBD.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFC1606701)。
文摘Plant-based fermentations provide an untapped source for novel biotechnological applications.In this study,a probiotic named Lactobacillus fermentum 21828 was introduced to ferment Lentinus edodes.Polysaccharides were extracted from fermented and non-fermented L.edodes and purified via DEAE-52 and Sephadex G-100.The components designated F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a were analyzed by FT-IR,HPGPC,HPAEC,SEM,GC-MS and NMR.The results revealed that probiotic fermentation increased the molecular weight from 1.16×10^(4) Da to 1.87×10^(4) Da and altered the proportions of glucose,galactose and mannose,in which glucose increased from 45.94%to 48.16%.Methylation analysis and NMR spectra indicated that F-LEP-2a and NF-LEP-2a had similar linkage patterns.Furthermore,their immunomodulatory activities were evaluated with immunosuppressive mice.NF-LEP and F-LEP improved immune organ indices,immunoglobulin(Ig G and Ig M)and cytokines concentrations;restored the antioxidation capacity of liver;and maintained the balance of gut microbiota.F-LEP displayed better moderating effects on the spleen index,immunoglobulin,cytokines and the diversity of gut microbiota than NF-LEP(200,400 mg/kg).Our study provides an efficient and environment-friendly way for the structural modification of polysaccharides,which helps to enhance their biological activity and promote their wide application in food,medicine and other fields.
基金supported by grants from China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health(2022-CKL-03)Peking University(BMU2021YJ044)supported by the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170898)。
文摘Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)substantially affects quality of life and requires early prevention.This study aimed to elucidate the relationships between IBS and daily behaviors,including sedentary behavior(SB),physical activity(PA),and sleep.In particular,it seeks to identify healthy behaviors to reduce IBS risk,which previous studies have rarely addressed.Methods:Daily behaviors were retrieved from self-reported data of 362,193 eligible UK Biobank participants.Incident cases were determined by self-report or health care data according to RomeⅣcriteria.Results:A total of 345,388 participants were IBS-free at baseline,during a median follow-up of 8.45 years,19,885 incident IBS cases were recorded.When examined individually,SB and shorter(≤7 h/day)or longer(>7 h/day)sleep duration were each positively associated with increased IBS risk,and PA was associated with lower IBS risk.The isotemporal substitution model suggested that replacing SB with other activities could provide further protective effects against IBS risk.Among people sleeping≤7 h/day,replacing 1 h of SB with equivalent light PA,vigorous PA,or sleep was associated with 8.1%(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.901-0.937),5.8%(95%CI:0.896-0.991),and 9.2%(95%CI:0.885-0.932)reduced IBS risk,respectively.For people sleeping>7 h/day,light and vigorous PA were associated with a 4.8%(95%CI:0.926-0.978)and a 12.0%(95%CI:0.815-0.949)lower IBS risk,respectively.These benefits were mostly independent of genetic risk for IBS.Conclusion:SB and unhealthy sleep duration are risk factors for IBS.A promising way to mitigate IBS risk for individuals sleeping≤7 h/day and for those sleeping>7 h/day appears to be by replacing SB with adequate sleep or vigorous PA,respectively,regardless of the genetic predisposition of IBS.
文摘As adolescent mental health problems are becoming a more serious issue globally,this paper explores the relationship of physical activity in adolescents and its frequency on mental health as well as examines the mediating effects of life satisfaction and self-rated health in order to provide a reference for the promotion of mental health in adolescents.A sample of 3578 Chinese high school students completed questionnaires assessing their mental health,physical activity frequency,life satisfaction,and self-rated health.The mean SCL-90 value for adolescents was found to be 1.629%,and 24.73%of adolescents had varying degrees of mental health issue.Increased physical activity frequency is positively associated with improved mental health(p<0.001).Additionally,life satisfaction and self-rated health were found to play significant mediating roles in the relationship between physical activity frequency and mental health.Specifically,low-frequency physical activity had the most pronounced mediating effect on mental health through life satisfaction,while high-frequency physical activity exerted the most significant mediating effect on mental health through self-rated health.These findings underscore the importance of promoting physical activity among adolescents and highlight the distinct pathways through which physical activity frequency can influence mental health outcomes.Further research is needed to explore these relationships in diverse populations and settings,as well as to develop targeted intervention.
基金financially supported by the 2022 Special Fund Project for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province(STKJ202209077 and STKJ202209083)the Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme 2019(GDUPS2019)the City University of Hong Kong Strategic Research Grant(SRG)(7005505)。
文摘There have been reports about Fe ions boosting oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity of Ni-based catalysts in alkaline conditions,while the origin and reason for the enhancement remains elusive.Herein,we attempt to identify the activity improvement and discover that Ni sites act as a host to attract Fe(Ⅲ)to form Fe(Ni)(Ⅲ)binary centres,which serve as the dynamic sites to promote OER activity and stability by cyclical formation of intermediates(Fe(Ⅲ)→Fe(Ni)(Ⅲ)→Fe(Ni)-OH→Fe(Ni)-O→Fe(Ni)OOH→Fe(Ⅲ))at the electrode/electrolyte interface to emit O_(2).Additionally,some ions(Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),and Cr(Ⅲ))can also be the active sites to catalyze the OER process on a variety of electrodes.The Fe(Ⅲ)-catalyzed overall water-splitting electrolyzer comprising bare Ni foam as the anode and Pt/Ni-Mo as the cathode demonstrates robust stability for 1600 h at 1000 mA cm^(-2)@~1.75 V.The results provide insights into the ioncatalyzed effects boosting OER performance.
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Council,Taiwan(Grant No.NSTC 112-2121-M-039-001)by China Medical University(Grant No.CMU112-MF-79).
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)technology has become integral in the realm of medicine and healthcare,particularly in human activity recognition(HAR)applications such as fitness and rehabilitation tracking.This study introduces a robust coupling analysis framework that integrates four AI-enabled models,combining both machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)approaches to evaluate their effectiveness in HAR.The analytical dataset comprises 561 features sourced from the UCI-HAR database,forming the foundation for training the models.Additionally,the MHEALTH database is employed to replicate the modeling process for comparative purposes,while inclusion of the WISDM database,renowned for its challenging features,supports the framework’s resilience and adaptability.The ML-based models employ the methodologies including adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS),support vector machine(SVM),and random forest(RF),for data training.In contrast,a DL-based model utilizes one-dimensional convolution neural network(1dCNN)to automate feature extraction.Furthermore,the recursive feature elimination(RFE)algorithm,which drives an ML-based estimator to eliminate low-participation features,helps identify the optimal features for enhancing model performance.The best accuracies of the ANFIS,SVM,RF,and 1dCNN models with meticulous featuring process achieve around 90%,96%,91%,and 93%,respectively.Comparative analysis using the MHEALTH dataset showcases the 1dCNN model’s remarkable perfect accuracy(100%),while the RF,SVM,and ANFIS models equipped with selected features achieve accuracies of 99.8%,99.7%,and 96.5%,respectively.Finally,when applied to the WISDM dataset,the DL-based and ML-based models attain accuracies of 91.4%and 87.3%,respectively,aligning with prior research findings.In conclusion,the proposed framework yields HAR models with commendable performance metrics,exhibiting its suitability for integration into the healthcare services system through AI-driven applications.
