Objective:Empathy can help establish harmonious nurse-patient relationships.We aimed to assess the status of empathy,and explore the relationship between learning burnout,parental rearing patterns and empathy amongst ...Objective:Empathy can help establish harmonious nurse-patient relationships.We aimed to assess the status of empathy,and explore the relationship between learning burnout,parental rearing patterns and empathy amongst nursing students.Method:A questionnaire survey that employed the Learning Burnout Scale,the Short-Form Egna Minnenav Barndoms Uppfostran(s-EMBU)and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy was conducted amongst 562 nursing students.The data were analysed on the basis of descriptive statistic and correlation analysis was used.Results:Empathy is negatively correlated with learning burnout,parental rejection and overprotection and showed no positive correlation with parental emotional warmth.Conclusions:Educators should pay attention to nursing students'feelings and learning burnout status and take positive measures to improve the empathy level of the students.Positive parental rearing patterns also help cultivate empathy.展开更多
Background:Great diversity exists in the parenting pattern of altricial birds,which has long been considered as an adaptive response to specific environmental conditions but not to their life-history style.Methods:We ...Background:Great diversity exists in the parenting pattern of altricial birds,which has long been considered as an adaptive response to specific environmental conditions but not to their life-history style.Methods:We examined the egg-laying and nestling-raising pattern of the Grey-backed Shrike(Lanius tephronotus)that breeds only once a year on the Tibetan Plateau.We compared the dietary composition to that of its sympatric competitor,the Brown-cheeked Laughing Thrush(Trochalopteron henrici)that breeds twice a year.Results:Female Grey-backed Shrikes produced a fixed clutch size of five,with increasing egg size by their laying sequence.The last offspring in the brood is disadvantageous in the size hierarchy because it hatches later.However,they had the largest fledgling body mass.These findings indicate that Grey-backed Shrikes adopt the brood survival strategy in both the egg and nestling phases.Moreover,males and females exhibit no sexual division in providing parental care as they made an equal contribution to the total amount of food delivered to their brood.This parenting pattern of Grey-backed Shrikes,as well as their dietary items,differ significantly from those of the Brown-cheeked Laughing Thrush.Conclusions:We suggest that the differentiation in life-history style between sympatric competitors,rather than a behavioral response to specific environmental conditions,plays a decisive role in driving avian parenting strategy diversification.展开更多
文摘Objective:Empathy can help establish harmonious nurse-patient relationships.We aimed to assess the status of empathy,and explore the relationship between learning burnout,parental rearing patterns and empathy amongst nursing students.Method:A questionnaire survey that employed the Learning Burnout Scale,the Short-Form Egna Minnenav Barndoms Uppfostran(s-EMBU)and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy was conducted amongst 562 nursing students.The data were analysed on the basis of descriptive statistic and correlation analysis was used.Results:Empathy is negatively correlated with learning burnout,parental rejection and overprotection and showed no positive correlation with parental emotional warmth.Conclusions:Educators should pay attention to nursing students'feelings and learning burnout status and take positive measures to improve the empathy level of the students.Positive parental rearing patterns also help cultivate empathy.
基金Financial support was provided by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.31672299,31572271 and 31772465)the Natural Science Foundation of Xizang Province of China(2016ZR-NY-05)。
文摘Background:Great diversity exists in the parenting pattern of altricial birds,which has long been considered as an adaptive response to specific environmental conditions but not to their life-history style.Methods:We examined the egg-laying and nestling-raising pattern of the Grey-backed Shrike(Lanius tephronotus)that breeds only once a year on the Tibetan Plateau.We compared the dietary composition to that of its sympatric competitor,the Brown-cheeked Laughing Thrush(Trochalopteron henrici)that breeds twice a year.Results:Female Grey-backed Shrikes produced a fixed clutch size of five,with increasing egg size by their laying sequence.The last offspring in the brood is disadvantageous in the size hierarchy because it hatches later.However,they had the largest fledgling body mass.These findings indicate that Grey-backed Shrikes adopt the brood survival strategy in both the egg and nestling phases.Moreover,males and females exhibit no sexual division in providing parental care as they made an equal contribution to the total amount of food delivered to their brood.This parenting pattern of Grey-backed Shrikes,as well as their dietary items,differ significantly from those of the Brown-cheeked Laughing Thrush.Conclusions:We suggest that the differentiation in life-history style between sympatric competitors,rather than a behavioral response to specific environmental conditions,plays a decisive role in driving avian parenting strategy diversification.
