While newer,more efficient Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and extinguishing agents have been developed to reduce the occurrence of thermal runaway accidents,there is still a scarcity of research focused on the application...While newer,more efficient Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and extinguishing agents have been developed to reduce the occurrence of thermal runaway accidents,there is still a scarcity of research focused on the application of surfactants in different LIBs extinguishing agents,particularly in terms of patented technologies.The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of the technological progress of LIBs and LIBs extinguishing agents in terms of patents in Korea,Japan,Europe,the United States,China,etc.The initial part of this review paper is sort out LIBs technology development in different regions.In addition,to compare LIBs extinguishing agent progress and challenges of liquid,solid,combination of multiple,and microencapsulated.The subsequent section of this review focuses on an in-depth analysis dedicated to the efficiency and challenges faced by the surfactants corresponding design principles of LIBs extinguishing agents,such as nonionic and anionic surfactants.A total of 451,760 LIBs-related patent and 20 LIBs-fire-extinguishing agent-related patent were included in the analyses.The extinguishing effect,cooling performance,and anti-recombustion on different agents have been highlighted.After a comprehensive comparison of these agents,this review suggests that temperature-sensitive hydrogel extinguishing agent is ideal for the effective control of LIBs fire.The progress and challenges of surfactants have been extensively examined,focusing on key factors such as surface activity,thermal stability,foaming properties,environmental friendliness,and electrical conductivity.Moreover,it is crucial to emphasize that the selection of a suitable surfactant must align with the extinguishing strategy of the extinguishing agent for optimal firefighting effectiveness.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liuweiwuling Tablet(LWWL)is a Chinese patent medicine approved for the treatment of chronic inflammation caused by hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Previous studies have indicated an anti-HBV effect of LWWL,...BACKGROUND Liuweiwuling Tablet(LWWL)is a Chinese patent medicine approved for the treatment of chronic inflammation caused by hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Previous studies have indicated an anti-HBV effect of LWWL,specifically in terms of antigen inhibition,but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.AIM To investigate the potential mechanism of action of LWWL against HBV.METHODS In vitro experiments utilized three HBV-replicating and three non-HBV-replicating cell lines.The in vivo experiment involved a hydrodynamic injectionmediated mouse model with HBV replication.Transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of action of LWWL.RESULTS In HepG2.1403F cells,LWWL(0.8 mg/mL)exhibited inhibitory effects on HBV DNA,hepatitis B surface antigen and pregenomic RNA(pgRNA)at rates of 51.36%,24.74%and 50.74%,respectively.The inhibition rates of LWWL(0.8mg/mL)on pgRNA/covalently closed circular DNA in HepG2.1403F,HepG2.2.15 and HepG2.A64 cells were 47.78%,39.51%and 46.74%,respectively.Integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that the anti-HBV effect of LWWL was primarily linked to pathways related to apoptosis(PI3K-AKT,CASP8-CASP3 and P53 pathways).Apoptosis flow analysis revealed that the apoptosis rate in the LWWL-treated group was significantly higher than in the control group(CG)among HBV-replicating cell lines,including HepG2.2.15(2.92%±1.01%vs 6.68%±2.04%,P<0.05),HepG2.A64(4.89%±1.28%vs 8.52%±0.50%,P<0.05)and HepG2.1403F(3.76%±1.40%vs 7.57%±1.35%,P<0.05)(CG vs LWWL-treated group).However,there were no significant differences in apoptosis rates between the non-HBV-replicating HepG2 cells(5.04%±0.74%vs 5.51%±1.57%,P>0.05),L02 cells(5.49%±0.80%vs 5.48%±1.01%,P>0.05)and LX2 cells(6.29%±1.54%vs 6.29%±0.88%,P>0.05).TUNEL staining revealed a significantly higher apoptosis rate in the LWWL-treated group than in the CG in the HBVreplicating mouse model,while no noticeable difference in apoptosis rates between the two groups was observed in the non-HBV-replicating mouse model.CONCLUSION Preliminary results suggest that LWWL exerts a potent inhibitory effect on wild-type and drug-resistant HBV,potentially involving selective regulation of apoptosis.These findings offer novel insights into the anti-HBV activities of LWWL and present a novel mechanism for the development of anti-HBV medications.展开更多
Background A medical content-based image retrieval(CBIR)system is designed to retrieve images from large imaging repositories that are visually similar to a user′s query image.CBIR is widely used in evidence-based di...Background A medical content-based image retrieval(CBIR)system is designed to retrieve images from large imaging repositories that are visually similar to a user′s query image.CBIR is widely used in evidence-based diagnosis,teaching,and research.Although the retrieval accuracy has largely improved,there has been limited development toward visualizing important image features that indicate the similarity of retrieved images.Despite the prevalence of 3D volumetric data in medical imaging such as computed tomography(CT),current CBIR systems still rely on 2D cross-sectional views for the visualization of retrieved images.Such 2D visualization requires users to browse through the image stacks to confirm the similarity of the retrieved images and often involves mental reconstruction of 3D information,including the size,shape,and spatial relations of multiple structures.This process is time-consuming and reliant on users'experience.Methods In this study,we proposed an importance-aware 3D volume visualization method.The rendering parameters were automatically optimized to maximize the visibility of important structures that were detected and prioritized in the retrieval process.We then integrated the proposed visualization into a CBIR system,thereby complementing the 2D cross-sectional views for relevance feedback and further analyses.Results Our preliminary results demonstrate that 3D visualization can provide additional information using multimodal positron emission tomography and computed tomography(PETCT)images of a non-small cell lung cancer dataset.展开更多
BACKGROUND To date,this is the first case of a paradoxical embolism(PDE)that concurrently manifested in the coronary and lower limb arteries and was secondary to a central venous catheter(CVC)thrombus via a patent for...BACKGROUND To date,this is the first case of a paradoxical embolism(PDE)that concurrently manifested in the coronary and lower limb arteries and was secondary to a central venous catheter(CVC)thrombus via a patent foramen ovale(PFO).CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of simultaneous coronary and lower limb artery embolism in a PFO patient carrier of a CVC.The patient presented to the hospital with acute chest pain and lower limb fatigue.Doppler ultrasound showed a large thrombus in the right internal jugular vein,precisely at the tip of the CVC.Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography confirmed the existence of a PFO,with inducible right-to-left shunting by the Valsalva maneuver.The patient was administered an extended course of anticoagulation therapy,and then the CVC was successfully removed.Percutaneous PFO closure was not undertaken.There was no recurrence during follow-up.CONCLUSION Thus,CVC-associated thrombosis is a potential source for multiple PDE in PFO patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND We report a low-birth-weight child(1.8 kg)with neonatal type III congenital esophageal atresia(CEA)combined with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus(PDA).After comprehensive evaluation,esophageal anastomos...BACKGROUND We report a low-birth-weight child(1.8 kg)with neonatal type III congenital esophageal atresia(CEA)combined with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus(PDA).After comprehensive evaluation,esophageal anastomosis was performed on postnatal day 11 after excluding surgical contraindications,and arterial catheter ligation was performed at the same time.Concurrent surgery for CEA combined with PDA has not been clearly reported in the literature.CASE SUMMARY We report a 6-day-old female child with type III CEA and PDA.The patient presented with foam at the mouth after birth,cough and shortness of breath after feeding.At another hospital,she was considered to have neonatal pneumonia,neonatal jaundice and congenital heart disease and transferred to our hospital.After iodine oil radiography of the esophagus and echocardiography we con-firmed diagnosis of CEA and PDA.The diameter of the PDA was 8 mm,with obvious left to right shunting.We performed right rear extrapleural orificium fistula ligation and esophageal anastomosis,and ligation of PDA via left axilla straight incision after 5 d of hospitalization.The operations were successful,and the incision healed after 12 d,and the patient was discharged.We re-examined the patient 1 mo after surgery.She did not vomit when she ate rice flour.Esophageal angiography showed no stricture of the anastomotic stoma.The patient weighed 3.2 kg.CONCLUSION For CEA patients with multiple risk factors,comprehensive,timely and accurate diagnosis and evaluation,and early treatment may improve prognosis.展开更多
The task of indoor visual localization, utilizing camera visual information for user pose calculation, was a core component of Augmented Reality (AR) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Existing indoor l...The task of indoor visual localization, utilizing camera visual information for user pose calculation, was a core component of Augmented Reality (AR) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Existing indoor localization technologies generally used scene-specific 3D representations or were trained on specific datasets, making it challenging to balance accuracy and cost when applied to new scenes. Addressing this issue, this paper proposed a universal indoor visual localization method based on efficient image retrieval. Initially, a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) was employed to aggregate features from intermediate layers of a convolutional neural network, obtaining a global representation of the image. This approach ensured accurate and rapid retrieval of reference images. Subsequently, a new mechanism using Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) was designed to resolve relative pose ambiguity caused by the essential matrix decomposition based on the five-point method. Finally, the absolute pose of the queried user image was computed, thereby achieving indoor user pose estimation. The proposed indoor localization method was characterized by its simplicity, flexibility, and excellent cross-scene generalization. Experimental results demonstrated a positioning error of 0.09 m and 2.14° on the 7Scenes dataset, and 0.15 m and 6.37° on the 12Scenes dataset. These results convincingly illustrated the outstanding performance of the proposed indoor localization method.展开更多
Objective To analyze patent application status of Scutellaria Barbata industrial chain and provide some suggestions for its patent application and product development.Methods Patent data were collected through IncoPat...Objective To analyze patent application status of Scutellaria Barbata industrial chain and provide some suggestions for its patent application and product development.Methods Patent data were collected through IncoPat patent analysis system.Meanwhile,the patent analysis method combined with text mining method was adopted to analyze the situation and development trend of patent application in China’s Scutellaria Barbata industrial chain by using pie chart,bubble chart,trend chart and other visual charts to display the results.Results and Conclusion The patent application of Scutellaria Barbata in China mainly experienced three stages:Slow development,rapid development,and recession period.The number of patents is large,but the authorization rate is low.Individuals and enterprises are the main applicants for patent applications.Product development is involved in the whole industrial chain,but it basically focuses on its efficacy in downstream drugs,health food and other aspects.Therefore,government should enhance the awareness of patent protection,encourage collaborative innovation in industry-university-research to promote the combination of basic research and market application.Besides,it should provide theoretical support to tackle the problem of short board products,which can promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and contribute to the upgrading of Scutellaria Barbata industrial chain.展开更多
Fine-grained image classification is a challenging research topic because of the high degree of similarity among categories and the high degree of dissimilarity for a specific category caused by different poses and scal...Fine-grained image classification is a challenging research topic because of the high degree of similarity among categories and the high degree of dissimilarity for a specific category caused by different poses and scales.A cul-tural heritage image is one of thefine-grained images because each image has the same similarity in most cases.Using the classification technique,distinguishing cultural heritage architecture may be difficult.This study proposes a cultural heri-tage content retrieval method using adaptive deep learning forfine-grained image retrieval.The key contribution of this research was the creation of a retrieval mod-el that could handle incremental streams of new categories while maintaining its past performance in old categories and not losing the old categorization of a cul-tural heritage image.The goal of the proposed method is to perform a retrieval task for classes.Incremental learning for new classes was conducted to reduce the re-training process.In this step,the original class is not necessary for re-train-ing which we call an adaptive deep learning technique.Cultural heritage in the case of Thai archaeological site architecture was retrieved through machine learn-ing and image processing.We analyze the experimental results of incremental learning forfine-grained images with images of Thai archaeological site architec-ture from world heritage provinces in Thailand,which have a similar architecture.Using afine-grained image retrieval technique for this group of cultural heritage images in a database can solve the problem of a high degree of similarity among categories and a high degree of dissimilarity for a specific category.The proposed method for retrieving the correct image from a database can deliver an average accuracy of 85 percent.Adaptive deep learning forfine-grained image retrieval was used to retrieve cultural heritage content,and it outperformed state-of-the-art methods infine-grained image retrieval.展开更多
Deep convolutional neural networks(DCNNs)are widely used in content-based image retrieval(CBIR)because of the advantages in image feature extraction.However,the training of deep neural networks requires a large number...Deep convolutional neural networks(DCNNs)are widely used in content-based image retrieval(CBIR)because of the advantages in image feature extraction.However,the training of deep neural networks requires a large number of labeled data,which limits the application.Self-supervised learning is a more general approach in unlabeled scenarios.A method of fine-tuning feature extraction networks based on masked learning is proposed.Masked autoencoders(MAE)are used in the fine-tune vision transformer(ViT)model.In addition,the scheme of extracting image descriptors is discussed.The encoder of the MAE uses the ViT to extract global features and performs self-supervised fine-tuning by reconstructing masked area pixels.The method works well on category-level image retrieval datasets with marked improvements in instance-level datasets.For the instance-level datasets Oxford5k and Paris6k,the retrieval accuracy of the base model is improved by 7%and 17%compared to that of the original model,respectively.展开更多
Percutaneous Patent Foramen Ovate PFO/Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) closure has become an increasingly simplified procedure over the past decade. The main advantages of a percutaneous approach include avoidance of surger...Percutaneous Patent Foramen Ovate PFO/Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) closure has become an increasingly simplified procedure over the past decade. The main advantages of a percutaneous approach include avoidance of surgery, short procedure time and hospital stay. Device embolization is seen rarely but it can be fatal. We report this complication following a percutaneous PFO closure in a 44-year-old man. The device was embolized into the distal part of the right pulmonary artery. We removed the device surgically and closed the PFO/ASD.展开更多
Recent days,Image retrieval has become a tedious process as the image database has grown very larger.The introduction of Machine Learning(ML)and Deep Learning(DL)made this process more comfortable.In these,the pair-wi...Recent days,Image retrieval has become a tedious process as the image database has grown very larger.The introduction of Machine Learning(ML)and Deep Learning(DL)made this process more comfortable.In these,the pair-wise label similarity is used tofind the matching images from the database.But this method lacks of limited propose code and weak execution of misclassified images.In order to get-rid of the above problem,a novel triplet based label that incorporates context-spatial similarity measure is proposed.A Point Attention Based Triplet Network(PABTN)is introduced to study propose code that gives maximum discriminative ability.To improve the performance of ranking,a corre-lating resolutions for the classification,triplet labels based onfindings,a spatial-attention mechanism and Region Of Interest(ROI)and small trial information loss containing a new triplet cross-entropy loss are used.From the experimental results,it is shown that the proposed technique exhibits better results in terms of mean Reciprocal Rank(mRR)and mean Average Precision(mAP)in the CIFAR-10 and NUS-WIPE datasets.展开更多
As a knowledge-intensive and promising strategic emerging industry, the biomedical industry has high entry thresholds, large R&D investment, long cycle, high risk and high return. In all technical fields, the biom...As a knowledge-intensive and promising strategic emerging industry, the biomedical industry has high entry thresholds, large R&D investment, long cycle, high risk and high return. In all technical fields, the biomedical industry has the highest dependence on intellectual property rights, and the protection of pharmaceutical intellectual property rights by domestic and foreign biomedical enterprises also runs through the whole process of drug research and development. Extending the patent protection period of drugs as well as forming and strengthening patent fortresses requires a patent network that surrounds drugs to maximize the value of intellectual property protection, which is also the focus of every pharmaceutical company with patent rights. By analyzing the patent portfolio of Clovis Oncology Company in the United States on Rucaparib and the patent portfolio of other companies or applicants on Rucaparib, we can have a clearer understanding of the strategy of extending the patent protection period of a new drug product.展开更多
Fine-grained image search is one of the most challenging tasks in computer vision that aims to retrieve similar images at the fine-grained level for a given query image.The key objective is to learn discriminative fin...Fine-grained image search is one of the most challenging tasks in computer vision that aims to retrieve similar images at the fine-grained level for a given query image.The key objective is to learn discriminative fine-grained features by training deep models such that similar images are clustered,and dissimilar images are separated in the low embedding space.Previous works primarily focused on defining local structure loss functions like triplet loss,pairwise loss,etc.However,training via these approaches takes a long training time,and they have poor accuracy.Additionally,representations learned through it tend to tighten up in the embedded space and lose generalizability to unseen classes.This paper proposes a noise-assisted representation learning method for fine-grained image retrieval to mitigate these issues.In the proposed work,class manifold learning is performed in which positive pairs are created with noise insertion operation instead of tightening class clusters.And other instances are treated as negatives within the same cluster.Then a loss function is defined to penalize when the distance between instances of the same class becomes too small relative to the noise pair in that class in embedded space.The proposed approach is validated on CARS-196 and CUB-200 datasets and achieved better retrieval results(85.38%recall@1 for CARS-196%and 70.13%recall@1 for CUB-200)compared to other existing methods.展开更多
Background:Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale(PFO)has been widely accepted as a highly effective way to treat high-risk PFO-related diseases.However,traditional non-degradable occluders made of metal alloys...Background:Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale(PFO)has been widely accepted as a highly effective way to treat high-risk PFO-related diseases.However,traditional non-degradable occluders made of metal alloys will permanently exist in the body,resulting in thrombosis,valve damage,hemolysis,arrhythmia,or other complications.The biodegradable PFO occluder developed by Shanghai Mallow Medical Instrument Co.,Ltd.,China can be fully absorbed and degrade into nontoxic ingredients,reducing postoperative complications.Objectives:To study the safety and efficacy of biodegradable PFO occluders in treating PFO.Methods:This single-center clinical trial collected 30 patients treated with a biodegradable PFO occluder.The follow-up period lasted 12 months to analyze the echocardiographic characteristics and headache relief through HIT-6 scores.Results:The immediate success rate was 100%,with no intraoperative severe occlusion-related complications.The contrast transcranial Doppler(cTCD)at 12 months showed that all patients’right-to-left shunts(RLS)were grade I or 0 with no serious postoperative complications,indicating the overall success rate was 100%.The biodegradable PFO occluder mostly degraded six months after the occlusion.Conclusion:PFO closure with a Mallow biodegradable occluder is safe and effective and has no severe complications.展开更多
In recent years,cross-modal hash retrieval has become a popular research field because of its advantages of high efficiency and low storage.Cross-modal retrieval technology can be applied to search engines,crossmodalm...In recent years,cross-modal hash retrieval has become a popular research field because of its advantages of high efficiency and low storage.Cross-modal retrieval technology can be applied to search engines,crossmodalmedical processing,etc.The existing main method is to use amulti-label matching paradigm to finish the retrieval tasks.However,such methods do not use fine-grained information in the multi-modal data,which may lead to suboptimal results.To avoid cross-modal matching turning into label matching,this paper proposes an end-to-end fine-grained cross-modal hash retrieval method,which can focus more on the fine-grained semantic information of multi-modal data.First,the method refines the image features and no longer uses multiple labels to represent text features but uses BERT for processing.Second,this method uses the inference capabilities of the transformer encoder to generate global fine-grained features.Finally,in order to better judge the effect of the fine-grained model,this paper uses the datasets in the image text matching field instead of the traditional label-matching datasets.This article experiment on Microsoft COCO(MS-COCO)and Flickr30K datasets and compare it with the previous classicalmethods.The experimental results show that this method can obtain more advanced results in the cross-modal hash retrieval field.展开更多
Purpose:Following the typical features of the grey-rhino event as predictability and profound influence,we attempt to find a special pattern called the grey-rhino in eminent technologies via patent analysis.Design/met...Purpose:Following the typical features of the grey-rhino event as predictability and profound influence,we attempt to find a special pattern called the grey-rhino in eminent technologies via patent analysis.Design/methodology/approach:We propose to combine triadic patent families and technology life cycle to define the grey-rhino model.Firstly,we design the indicator rhino-index Rh=ST/SP and descriptor sequence{Rh},where ST and SP are the accumulative number of triadic patent families and all patent families respectively for a specific technology.Secondly,according to the two typical features of the grey-rhino event,a grey-rhino is defined as a technology that meets both qualitative and quantitative conditions.Qualitatively,this technology has a profound influence.Quantitatively,in the emerging stage,Rh≥Rae,where Rae is the average level of the proportion of triadic patent families.Finally,this model is verified in three datasets,namely Encyclopedia Britannica’s list for the greatest inventions(EB technologies for short),MIT breakthrough technologies(MIT technologies)and Derwent Manual Code technologies(MAN technologies).Findings:The result shows that there are 64.71%EB technologies and 50.00%MIT technologies meeting the quantitative standard of the grey-rhino model,but only 14.71%MAN technologies fit the quantitative standard.This falling trend indicates the quantitative standard of the grey-rhino model is reasonable.EB technologies and MIT technologies have profound influence on society,which means they satisfy the qualitative standard of the grey-rhino model.Hence,64.71%EB technologies and 50.00%MIT technologies are grey-rhinos.In 14.71%MAN technologies meeting the quantitative standard,we make some qualitative judgments and deem U11-A01A,U12-A01A1A,and W01-A01A as grey-rhino technologies.In addition,grey-rhinos and non-grey-rhinos have some differences.Rh values of grey-rhinos have a downward trend,while Rh values of non-grey-rhinos have a contrary trend.Rh values of grey-rhinos are scattered relatively in the early stage and centralize gradually,but non-grey-rhinos do not have this feature.Research limitations:There are four main limitations.First,if a technology satisfies the quantitative standard of the model,it is likely to be a grey-rhino but expert judgments are necessary.Second,we don’t know why it will be eminent,which involves technical contents.Thirdly,we did not consider the China National Intellectual Property Administration(CNIPA)and the German Patent and Trademark Office(DPMA)which also play important roles in worldwide patents,so we hope to expand our study to the CNIPA and the DPMA.Furthermore,we did not compare the rhino-index with other patent indicators.Practical implications:If a technology meets the quantitative standard,this can be seen as early warning signals and the technology may become a grey-rhino in the future,which can catch people’s attention in the emerging stage and make people seize the technical opportunity early.Originality/value:We define and verify a new pattern called the grey-rhino model in eminent technologies.展开更多
Introduction: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart disease whose seriousness lies in the risk of pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure and death. The aim of this study was to describe the su...Introduction: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart disease whose seriousness lies in the risk of pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure and death. The aim of this study was to describe the surgical closure of an isolated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) performed in Soavinandriana Teaching Hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study, during thirteen-years-period (January 2004 to December 2016), performed at Cardiac surgery unit of Soavinandriana Teaching Hospital, including all children underwent surgical closures of an isolated PDA. Demographic data, birth weight, clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, time between diagnosis and surgery and hospital left stays were analyzed. Results: A total of eighty-six children were recorded, including 21 males (24.42%) and 65 females (75.58%), giving sex ratio of 30%. The average age was 33.91 months. Children were born with a low birth weight in 12.79% of cases. PDA was symptomatic in 81.39%. The most circumstances of discovery were recurrent lung infections (31.40%), dyspnea (24.41%) and failure to thrive (19.76%). Echocardiography showed left ventricular dilatation (63.95%), pulmonary hypertension (73.25%). The ductus was large in 97.67% and the mean diameter was 5 mm. Chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly (97.67%) and increased pulmonary vascularity (86.04%). Mean delay of surgical procedures after diagnosis was 15.16 months. Surgical procedures consisted left posterolateral thoracotomy with a section and suture after clamping the ductus. Earlier postoperatives courses were simple in all children. The mean duration of hospitalization was 8.93 days. Conclusion: PDA was most common large (97%) and symptomatic (81%) in our study. Surgical closure of an isolated PAD was the only surgical procedure of congenital heart cardiopathy available in Antananarivo.展开更多
Aiming at the in situ and mobile observation of urban environmental air pollution,a portable instrument using ultraviolet spectrum retrieval algorithm was developed based on the basis of Differential Optical Absorptio...Aiming at the in situ and mobile observation of urban environmental air pollution,a portable instrument using ultraviolet spectrum retrieval algorithm was developed based on the basis of Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(DOAS)and multiple-pass cell technique.Typical trace gas pollutants,NH3,SO2,and NO2,were explored using their optical spectral characteristics in deep ultraviolet wavelength range from 210 to 215 nm.The gas concentration was retrieved by Lambert-Beer’s law and nonlinear least square method.With an optimized optical alignment,the detection limits of NH3,SO2,NO2 were estimated to be 2.2,2.3,and 36.2 ppb,respectively.The system was used in carrying out some cruise observations in Chengdu,China.During the entire period,the polluted gases showed varied distribution and typical daily average concentrations ofNH3,SO2,NO2 were 23.2,3.5,and 106.0 ppb,respectively.The contributions from different sources were analyzed combined with the HYSPLIT model.Results show that the portable DOAS system is a convenient and effective tool for regional distribution measurement and pollution source monitoring.展开更多
Phosphatidylserine(PS)is the part of cell structure in the body and has many beneficial functions especially in brain-related aging diseases.Although daily foods can provide PS to human body,the amount is very limited...Phosphatidylserine(PS)is the part of cell structure in the body and has many beneficial functions especially in brain-related aging diseases.Although daily foods can provide PS to human body,the amount is very limited due to its poverty in most foods.To overcome the issue,numerous studies based on PS have been reported to develop PS-related supplements.In this review,PS was comprehensively and critically reviewed from the view of resources,functions,processing techniques,patents,and prospects.For resources,animal,plant,and microorganism origins were all covered with their differences in composition profiles.For functions,benefits regarding memory,cognitive enhancement,exercise performance,reducing Alzheimer’s disease,and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms were covered as well as the functional differences among animal-,plant-,and microorganism-based PS-related supplements.For processing techniques,traditional extracting methods from animal,plant,and microorganism tissues were comparatively discussed with enzymatic synthesis based on different reaction systems.Finally,patents of PS-related supplements were evaluated as well as their applications.This review could provide scientific and valuable support for PS industry.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2017YFC0804700)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology (No.KFJJ23-23M)。
文摘While newer,more efficient Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)and extinguishing agents have been developed to reduce the occurrence of thermal runaway accidents,there is still a scarcity of research focused on the application of surfactants in different LIBs extinguishing agents,particularly in terms of patented technologies.The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of the technological progress of LIBs and LIBs extinguishing agents in terms of patents in Korea,Japan,Europe,the United States,China,etc.The initial part of this review paper is sort out LIBs technology development in different regions.In addition,to compare LIBs extinguishing agent progress and challenges of liquid,solid,combination of multiple,and microencapsulated.The subsequent section of this review focuses on an in-depth analysis dedicated to the efficiency and challenges faced by the surfactants corresponding design principles of LIBs extinguishing agents,such as nonionic and anionic surfactants.A total of 451,760 LIBs-related patent and 20 LIBs-fire-extinguishing agent-related patent were included in the analyses.The extinguishing effect,cooling performance,and anti-recombustion on different agents have been highlighted.After a comprehensive comparison of these agents,this review suggests that temperature-sensitive hydrogel extinguishing agent is ideal for the effective control of LIBs fire.The progress and challenges of surfactants have been extensively examined,focusing on key factors such as surface activity,thermal stability,foaming properties,environmental friendliness,and electrical conductivity.Moreover,it is crucial to emphasize that the selection of a suitable surfactant must align with the extinguishing strategy of the extinguishing agent for optimal firefighting effectiveness.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81930110The National Funded Postdoctoral Researcher Program of China,No.GZC20232406+2 种基金Henan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science Research Project,No.2023ZY3040Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Research Plan Joint Construction Project,No.LHGJ20230233National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFC2303103.
文摘BACKGROUND Liuweiwuling Tablet(LWWL)is a Chinese patent medicine approved for the treatment of chronic inflammation caused by hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Previous studies have indicated an anti-HBV effect of LWWL,specifically in terms of antigen inhibition,but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.AIM To investigate the potential mechanism of action of LWWL against HBV.METHODS In vitro experiments utilized three HBV-replicating and three non-HBV-replicating cell lines.The in vivo experiment involved a hydrodynamic injectionmediated mouse model with HBV replication.Transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of action of LWWL.RESULTS In HepG2.1403F cells,LWWL(0.8 mg/mL)exhibited inhibitory effects on HBV DNA,hepatitis B surface antigen and pregenomic RNA(pgRNA)at rates of 51.36%,24.74%and 50.74%,respectively.The inhibition rates of LWWL(0.8mg/mL)on pgRNA/covalently closed circular DNA in HepG2.1403F,HepG2.2.15 and HepG2.A64 cells were 47.78%,39.51%and 46.74%,respectively.Integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that the anti-HBV effect of LWWL was primarily linked to pathways related to apoptosis(PI3K-AKT,CASP8-CASP3 and P53 pathways).Apoptosis flow analysis revealed that the apoptosis rate in the LWWL-treated group was significantly higher than in the control group(CG)among HBV-replicating cell lines,including HepG2.2.15(2.92%±1.01%vs 6.68%±2.04%,P<0.05),HepG2.A64(4.89%±1.28%vs 8.52%±0.50%,P<0.05)and HepG2.1403F(3.76%±1.40%vs 7.57%±1.35%,P<0.05)(CG vs LWWL-treated group).However,there were no significant differences in apoptosis rates between the non-HBV-replicating HepG2 cells(5.04%±0.74%vs 5.51%±1.57%,P>0.05),L02 cells(5.49%±0.80%vs 5.48%±1.01%,P>0.05)and LX2 cells(6.29%±1.54%vs 6.29%±0.88%,P>0.05).TUNEL staining revealed a significantly higher apoptosis rate in the LWWL-treated group than in the CG in the HBVreplicating mouse model,while no noticeable difference in apoptosis rates between the two groups was observed in the non-HBV-replicating mouse model.CONCLUSION Preliminary results suggest that LWWL exerts a potent inhibitory effect on wild-type and drug-resistant HBV,potentially involving selective regulation of apoptosis.These findings offer novel insights into the anti-HBV activities of LWWL and present a novel mechanism for the development of anti-HBV medications.
文摘Background A medical content-based image retrieval(CBIR)system is designed to retrieve images from large imaging repositories that are visually similar to a user′s query image.CBIR is widely used in evidence-based diagnosis,teaching,and research.Although the retrieval accuracy has largely improved,there has been limited development toward visualizing important image features that indicate the similarity of retrieved images.Despite the prevalence of 3D volumetric data in medical imaging such as computed tomography(CT),current CBIR systems still rely on 2D cross-sectional views for the visualization of retrieved images.Such 2D visualization requires users to browse through the image stacks to confirm the similarity of the retrieved images and often involves mental reconstruction of 3D information,including the size,shape,and spatial relations of multiple structures.This process is time-consuming and reliant on users'experience.Methods In this study,we proposed an importance-aware 3D volume visualization method.The rendering parameters were automatically optimized to maximize the visibility of important structures that were detected and prioritized in the retrieval process.We then integrated the proposed visualization into a CBIR system,thereby complementing the 2D cross-sectional views for relevance feedback and further analyses.Results Our preliminary results demonstrate that 3D visualization can provide additional information using multimodal positron emission tomography and computed tomography(PETCT)images of a non-small cell lung cancer dataset.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2021A1515011267and Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau,No.2023A03J0984.
文摘BACKGROUND To date,this is the first case of a paradoxical embolism(PDE)that concurrently manifested in the coronary and lower limb arteries and was secondary to a central venous catheter(CVC)thrombus via a patent foramen ovale(PFO).CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of simultaneous coronary and lower limb artery embolism in a PFO patient carrier of a CVC.The patient presented to the hospital with acute chest pain and lower limb fatigue.Doppler ultrasound showed a large thrombus in the right internal jugular vein,precisely at the tip of the CVC.Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography confirmed the existence of a PFO,with inducible right-to-left shunting by the Valsalva maneuver.The patient was administered an extended course of anticoagulation therapy,and then the CVC was successfully removed.Percutaneous PFO closure was not undertaken.There was no recurrence during follow-up.CONCLUSION Thus,CVC-associated thrombosis is a potential source for multiple PDE in PFO patients.
基金Supported by Kunming Health Science and Technology Talent Training Project,No.2018-SW-25.
文摘BACKGROUND We report a low-birth-weight child(1.8 kg)with neonatal type III congenital esophageal atresia(CEA)combined with symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus(PDA).After comprehensive evaluation,esophageal anastomosis was performed on postnatal day 11 after excluding surgical contraindications,and arterial catheter ligation was performed at the same time.Concurrent surgery for CEA combined with PDA has not been clearly reported in the literature.CASE SUMMARY We report a 6-day-old female child with type III CEA and PDA.The patient presented with foam at the mouth after birth,cough and shortness of breath after feeding.At another hospital,she was considered to have neonatal pneumonia,neonatal jaundice and congenital heart disease and transferred to our hospital.After iodine oil radiography of the esophagus and echocardiography we con-firmed diagnosis of CEA and PDA.The diameter of the PDA was 8 mm,with obvious left to right shunting.We performed right rear extrapleural orificium fistula ligation and esophageal anastomosis,and ligation of PDA via left axilla straight incision after 5 d of hospitalization.The operations were successful,and the incision healed after 12 d,and the patient was discharged.We re-examined the patient 1 mo after surgery.She did not vomit when she ate rice flour.Esophageal angiography showed no stricture of the anastomotic stoma.The patient weighed 3.2 kg.CONCLUSION For CEA patients with multiple risk factors,comprehensive,timely and accurate diagnosis and evaluation,and early treatment may improve prognosis.
文摘The task of indoor visual localization, utilizing camera visual information for user pose calculation, was a core component of Augmented Reality (AR) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Existing indoor localization technologies generally used scene-specific 3D representations or were trained on specific datasets, making it challenging to balance accuracy and cost when applied to new scenes. Addressing this issue, this paper proposed a universal indoor visual localization method based on efficient image retrieval. Initially, a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) was employed to aggregate features from intermediate layers of a convolutional neural network, obtaining a global representation of the image. This approach ensured accurate and rapid retrieval of reference images. Subsequently, a new mechanism using Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) was designed to resolve relative pose ambiguity caused by the essential matrix decomposition based on the five-point method. Finally, the absolute pose of the queried user image was computed, thereby achieving indoor user pose estimation. The proposed indoor localization method was characterized by its simplicity, flexibility, and excellent cross-scene generalization. Experimental results demonstrated a positioning error of 0.09 m and 2.14° on the 7Scenes dataset, and 0.15 m and 6.37° on the 12Scenes dataset. These results convincingly illustrated the outstanding performance of the proposed indoor localization method.
文摘Objective To analyze patent application status of Scutellaria Barbata industrial chain and provide some suggestions for its patent application and product development.Methods Patent data were collected through IncoPat patent analysis system.Meanwhile,the patent analysis method combined with text mining method was adopted to analyze the situation and development trend of patent application in China’s Scutellaria Barbata industrial chain by using pie chart,bubble chart,trend chart and other visual charts to display the results.Results and Conclusion The patent application of Scutellaria Barbata in China mainly experienced three stages:Slow development,rapid development,and recession period.The number of patents is large,but the authorization rate is low.Individuals and enterprises are the main applicants for patent applications.Product development is involved in the whole industrial chain,but it basically focuses on its efficacy in downstream drugs,health food and other aspects.Therefore,government should enhance the awareness of patent protection,encourage collaborative innovation in industry-university-research to promote the combination of basic research and market application.Besides,it should provide theoretical support to tackle the problem of short board products,which can promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and contribute to the upgrading of Scutellaria Barbata industrial chain.
基金This research was funded by King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok(Contract no.KMUTNB-62-KNOW-026).
文摘Fine-grained image classification is a challenging research topic because of the high degree of similarity among categories and the high degree of dissimilarity for a specific category caused by different poses and scales.A cul-tural heritage image is one of thefine-grained images because each image has the same similarity in most cases.Using the classification technique,distinguishing cultural heritage architecture may be difficult.This study proposes a cultural heri-tage content retrieval method using adaptive deep learning forfine-grained image retrieval.The key contribution of this research was the creation of a retrieval mod-el that could handle incremental streams of new categories while maintaining its past performance in old categories and not losing the old categorization of a cul-tural heritage image.The goal of the proposed method is to perform a retrieval task for classes.Incremental learning for new classes was conducted to reduce the re-training process.In this step,the original class is not necessary for re-train-ing which we call an adaptive deep learning technique.Cultural heritage in the case of Thai archaeological site architecture was retrieved through machine learn-ing and image processing.We analyze the experimental results of incremental learning forfine-grained images with images of Thai archaeological site architec-ture from world heritage provinces in Thailand,which have a similar architecture.Using afine-grained image retrieval technique for this group of cultural heritage images in a database can solve the problem of a high degree of similarity among categories and a high degree of dissimilarity for a specific category.The proposed method for retrieving the correct image from a database can deliver an average accuracy of 85 percent.Adaptive deep learning forfine-grained image retrieval was used to retrieve cultural heritage content,and it outperformed state-of-the-art methods infine-grained image retrieval.
基金the Project of Introducing Urgently Needed Talents in Key Supporting Regions of Shandong Province,China(No.SDJQP20221805)。
文摘Deep convolutional neural networks(DCNNs)are widely used in content-based image retrieval(CBIR)because of the advantages in image feature extraction.However,the training of deep neural networks requires a large number of labeled data,which limits the application.Self-supervised learning is a more general approach in unlabeled scenarios.A method of fine-tuning feature extraction networks based on masked learning is proposed.Masked autoencoders(MAE)are used in the fine-tune vision transformer(ViT)model.In addition,the scheme of extracting image descriptors is discussed.The encoder of the MAE uses the ViT to extract global features and performs self-supervised fine-tuning by reconstructing masked area pixels.The method works well on category-level image retrieval datasets with marked improvements in instance-level datasets.For the instance-level datasets Oxford5k and Paris6k,the retrieval accuracy of the base model is improved by 7%and 17%compared to that of the original model,respectively.
文摘Percutaneous Patent Foramen Ovate PFO/Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) closure has become an increasingly simplified procedure over the past decade. The main advantages of a percutaneous approach include avoidance of surgery, short procedure time and hospital stay. Device embolization is seen rarely but it can be fatal. We report this complication following a percutaneous PFO closure in a 44-year-old man. The device was embolized into the distal part of the right pulmonary artery. We removed the device surgically and closed the PFO/ASD.
文摘Recent days,Image retrieval has become a tedious process as the image database has grown very larger.The introduction of Machine Learning(ML)and Deep Learning(DL)made this process more comfortable.In these,the pair-wise label similarity is used tofind the matching images from the database.But this method lacks of limited propose code and weak execution of misclassified images.In order to get-rid of the above problem,a novel triplet based label that incorporates context-spatial similarity measure is proposed.A Point Attention Based Triplet Network(PABTN)is introduced to study propose code that gives maximum discriminative ability.To improve the performance of ranking,a corre-lating resolutions for the classification,triplet labels based onfindings,a spatial-attention mechanism and Region Of Interest(ROI)and small trial information loss containing a new triplet cross-entropy loss are used.From the experimental results,it is shown that the proposed technique exhibits better results in terms of mean Reciprocal Rank(mRR)and mean Average Precision(mAP)in the CIFAR-10 and NUS-WIPE datasets.
文摘As a knowledge-intensive and promising strategic emerging industry, the biomedical industry has high entry thresholds, large R&D investment, long cycle, high risk and high return. In all technical fields, the biomedical industry has the highest dependence on intellectual property rights, and the protection of pharmaceutical intellectual property rights by domestic and foreign biomedical enterprises also runs through the whole process of drug research and development. Extending the patent protection period of drugs as well as forming and strengthening patent fortresses requires a patent network that surrounds drugs to maximize the value of intellectual property protection, which is also the focus of every pharmaceutical company with patent rights. By analyzing the patent portfolio of Clovis Oncology Company in the United States on Rucaparib and the patent portfolio of other companies or applicants on Rucaparib, we can have a clearer understanding of the strategy of extending the patent protection period of a new drug product.
文摘Fine-grained image search is one of the most challenging tasks in computer vision that aims to retrieve similar images at the fine-grained level for a given query image.The key objective is to learn discriminative fine-grained features by training deep models such that similar images are clustered,and dissimilar images are separated in the low embedding space.Previous works primarily focused on defining local structure loss functions like triplet loss,pairwise loss,etc.However,training via these approaches takes a long training time,and they have poor accuracy.Additionally,representations learned through it tend to tighten up in the embedded space and lose generalizability to unseen classes.This paper proposes a noise-assisted representation learning method for fine-grained image retrieval to mitigate these issues.In the proposed work,class manifold learning is performed in which positive pairs are created with noise insertion operation instead of tightening class clusters.And other instances are treated as negatives within the same cluster.Then a loss function is defined to penalize when the distance between instances of the same class becomes too small relative to the noise pair in that class in embedded space.The proposed approach is validated on CARS-196 and CUB-200 datasets and achieved better retrieval results(85.38%recall@1 for CARS-196%and 70.13%recall@1 for CUB-200)compared to other existing methods.
基金supported by the Health and Family Planning Commission of Wuhan Municipality,Grant WX21Z26.
文摘Background:Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale(PFO)has been widely accepted as a highly effective way to treat high-risk PFO-related diseases.However,traditional non-degradable occluders made of metal alloys will permanently exist in the body,resulting in thrombosis,valve damage,hemolysis,arrhythmia,or other complications.The biodegradable PFO occluder developed by Shanghai Mallow Medical Instrument Co.,Ltd.,China can be fully absorbed and degrade into nontoxic ingredients,reducing postoperative complications.Objectives:To study the safety and efficacy of biodegradable PFO occluders in treating PFO.Methods:This single-center clinical trial collected 30 patients treated with a biodegradable PFO occluder.The follow-up period lasted 12 months to analyze the echocardiographic characteristics and headache relief through HIT-6 scores.Results:The immediate success rate was 100%,with no intraoperative severe occlusion-related complications.The contrast transcranial Doppler(cTCD)at 12 months showed that all patients’right-to-left shunts(RLS)were grade I or 0 with no serious postoperative complications,indicating the overall success rate was 100%.The biodegradable PFO occluder mostly degraded six months after the occlusion.Conclusion:PFO closure with a Mallow biodegradable occluder is safe and effective and has no severe complications.
基金This work was partially supported by Chongqing Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1417)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KJZD-K202200513)+2 种基金Chongqing Normal University Fund(Grant No.22XLB003)Chongqing Education Science Planning Project(Grant No.2021-GX-320)Humanities and Social Sciences Project of Chongqing Education Commission of China(Grant No.22SKGH100).
文摘In recent years,cross-modal hash retrieval has become a popular research field because of its advantages of high efficiency and low storage.Cross-modal retrieval technology can be applied to search engines,crossmodalmedical processing,etc.The existing main method is to use amulti-label matching paradigm to finish the retrieval tasks.However,such methods do not use fine-grained information in the multi-modal data,which may lead to suboptimal results.To avoid cross-modal matching turning into label matching,this paper proposes an end-to-end fine-grained cross-modal hash retrieval method,which can focus more on the fine-grained semantic information of multi-modal data.First,the method refines the image features and no longer uses multiple labels to represent text features but uses BERT for processing.Second,this method uses the inference capabilities of the transformer encoder to generate global fine-grained features.Finally,in order to better judge the effect of the fine-grained model,this paper uses the datasets in the image text matching field instead of the traditional label-matching datasets.This article experiment on Microsoft COCO(MS-COCO)and Flickr30K datasets and compare it with the previous classicalmethods.The experimental results show that this method can obtain more advanced results in the cross-modal hash retrieval field.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71673131).
文摘Purpose:Following the typical features of the grey-rhino event as predictability and profound influence,we attempt to find a special pattern called the grey-rhino in eminent technologies via patent analysis.Design/methodology/approach:We propose to combine triadic patent families and technology life cycle to define the grey-rhino model.Firstly,we design the indicator rhino-index Rh=ST/SP and descriptor sequence{Rh},where ST and SP are the accumulative number of triadic patent families and all patent families respectively for a specific technology.Secondly,according to the two typical features of the grey-rhino event,a grey-rhino is defined as a technology that meets both qualitative and quantitative conditions.Qualitatively,this technology has a profound influence.Quantitatively,in the emerging stage,Rh≥Rae,where Rae is the average level of the proportion of triadic patent families.Finally,this model is verified in three datasets,namely Encyclopedia Britannica’s list for the greatest inventions(EB technologies for short),MIT breakthrough technologies(MIT technologies)and Derwent Manual Code technologies(MAN technologies).Findings:The result shows that there are 64.71%EB technologies and 50.00%MIT technologies meeting the quantitative standard of the grey-rhino model,but only 14.71%MAN technologies fit the quantitative standard.This falling trend indicates the quantitative standard of the grey-rhino model is reasonable.EB technologies and MIT technologies have profound influence on society,which means they satisfy the qualitative standard of the grey-rhino model.Hence,64.71%EB technologies and 50.00%MIT technologies are grey-rhinos.In 14.71%MAN technologies meeting the quantitative standard,we make some qualitative judgments and deem U11-A01A,U12-A01A1A,and W01-A01A as grey-rhino technologies.In addition,grey-rhinos and non-grey-rhinos have some differences.Rh values of grey-rhinos have a downward trend,while Rh values of non-grey-rhinos have a contrary trend.Rh values of grey-rhinos are scattered relatively in the early stage and centralize gradually,but non-grey-rhinos do not have this feature.Research limitations:There are four main limitations.First,if a technology satisfies the quantitative standard of the model,it is likely to be a grey-rhino but expert judgments are necessary.Second,we don’t know why it will be eminent,which involves technical contents.Thirdly,we did not consider the China National Intellectual Property Administration(CNIPA)and the German Patent and Trademark Office(DPMA)which also play important roles in worldwide patents,so we hope to expand our study to the CNIPA and the DPMA.Furthermore,we did not compare the rhino-index with other patent indicators.Practical implications:If a technology meets the quantitative standard,this can be seen as early warning signals and the technology may become a grey-rhino in the future,which can catch people’s attention in the emerging stage and make people seize the technical opportunity early.Originality/value:We define and verify a new pattern called the grey-rhino model in eminent technologies.
文摘Introduction: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart disease whose seriousness lies in the risk of pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure and death. The aim of this study was to describe the surgical closure of an isolated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) performed in Soavinandriana Teaching Hospital. Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study, during thirteen-years-period (January 2004 to December 2016), performed at Cardiac surgery unit of Soavinandriana Teaching Hospital, including all children underwent surgical closures of an isolated PDA. Demographic data, birth weight, clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, time between diagnosis and surgery and hospital left stays were analyzed. Results: A total of eighty-six children were recorded, including 21 males (24.42%) and 65 females (75.58%), giving sex ratio of 30%. The average age was 33.91 months. Children were born with a low birth weight in 12.79% of cases. PDA was symptomatic in 81.39%. The most circumstances of discovery were recurrent lung infections (31.40%), dyspnea (24.41%) and failure to thrive (19.76%). Echocardiography showed left ventricular dilatation (63.95%), pulmonary hypertension (73.25%). The ductus was large in 97.67% and the mean diameter was 5 mm. Chest X-ray showed cardiomegaly (97.67%) and increased pulmonary vascularity (86.04%). Mean delay of surgical procedures after diagnosis was 15.16 months. Surgical procedures consisted left posterolateral thoracotomy with a section and suture after clamping the ductus. Earlier postoperatives courses were simple in all children. The mean duration of hospitalization was 8.93 days. Conclusion: PDA was most common large (97%) and symptomatic (81%) in our study. Surgical closure of an isolated PAD was the only surgical procedure of congenital heart cardiopathy available in Antananarivo.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61805257,41905130)in part by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2020M671383,2020M681517)in part by the Science and Technology Development Plan Foundation of Suzhou(No.SS202148).
文摘Aiming at the in situ and mobile observation of urban environmental air pollution,a portable instrument using ultraviolet spectrum retrieval algorithm was developed based on the basis of Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy(DOAS)and multiple-pass cell technique.Typical trace gas pollutants,NH3,SO2,and NO2,were explored using their optical spectral characteristics in deep ultraviolet wavelength range from 210 to 215 nm.The gas concentration was retrieved by Lambert-Beer’s law and nonlinear least square method.With an optimized optical alignment,the detection limits of NH3,SO2,NO2 were estimated to be 2.2,2.3,and 36.2 ppb,respectively.The system was used in carrying out some cruise observations in Chengdu,China.During the entire period,the polluted gases showed varied distribution and typical daily average concentrations ofNH3,SO2,NO2 were 23.2,3.5,and 106.0 ppb,respectively.The contributions from different sources were analyzed combined with the HYSPLIT model.Results show that the portable DOAS system is a convenient and effective tool for regional distribution measurement and pollution source monitoring.
基金financially supported by the Innovative Funds Plan of Henan University of Technology(2020ZKCJ10)Cultivation Programme for Young Backbone Teachers in Henan University of Technology.
文摘Phosphatidylserine(PS)is the part of cell structure in the body and has many beneficial functions especially in brain-related aging diseases.Although daily foods can provide PS to human body,the amount is very limited due to its poverty in most foods.To overcome the issue,numerous studies based on PS have been reported to develop PS-related supplements.In this review,PS was comprehensively and critically reviewed from the view of resources,functions,processing techniques,patents,and prospects.For resources,animal,plant,and microorganism origins were all covered with their differences in composition profiles.For functions,benefits regarding memory,cognitive enhancement,exercise performance,reducing Alzheimer’s disease,and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms were covered as well as the functional differences among animal-,plant-,and microorganism-based PS-related supplements.For processing techniques,traditional extracting methods from animal,plant,and microorganism tissues were comparatively discussed with enzymatic synthesis based on different reaction systems.Finally,patents of PS-related supplements were evaluated as well as their applications.This review could provide scientific and valuable support for PS industry.
