Peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a soil-borne disease,and it has become the main disease of peanut in Yimeng mountainous area.S.rolfsii survives the winter as mycelia and sclerotia in soil and debris,be...Peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a soil-borne disease,and it has become the main disease of peanut in Yimeng mountainous area.S.rolfsii survives the winter as mycelia and sclerotia in soil and debris,becoming the primary source of infection in the following year.The disease resistance of peanut varieties,high temperature and humidity,and cultivation measures are the pathogenic factors affecting the occurrence of peanut stem rot.The disease can be effectively controlled by screening disease-resistant varieties and seed chemical treatment,improving soil by deep tillage and crop rotation,carrying out flowing water management of affected field,cutting off transmission routes,and strengthening seed dressing and triple spraying control.展开更多
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is a destructive soilborne fungal pathogen with a wide host range that includes peanuts. Biological control offers an interesting alternative to fungicides for sustainable management of soilbo...Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is a destructive soilborne fungal pathogen with a wide host range that includes peanuts. Biological control offers an interesting alternative to fungicides for sustainable management of soilborne diseases. The current investigation is aimed at evaluating one potential biocontrol agent Streptomyces sp. RP1 A-12 for growth promotion and the management of peanut stem rot disease caused by S. rolfsii under field conditions. Preliminary studies conducted under in vitro and the greenhouse conditions showed promising results against the stem rot pathogen. Further in vitro and pot experiments conducted to assess Streptomyces sp. RP1 A-12 for its growth promoting abilities using whole organisms have shown an increase in seed germination, root and shoot length. Other parameters like nodule number and plant biomass were also significantly increased over control treatments indicating that the test bioagent possesses growth promoting abilities along with disease suppression capabilities. Subsequently field studies were carried out for two consecutive rainy seasons. The bioagent was applied as whole organism and partially purified crude metabolites. Results indicate the bioagent reduced stem rot disease incidence by 64–67% and 22–49% respectively in two field trials conducted with notable increase in yield. Partially purified Streptomyces sp. RP1 A-12 metabolites exhibited an even greater effect in reducing the incidence and severity of stem rot compared to the pathogen inoculated control.展开更多
采用种子包衣研究了精甲霜灵·咯菌腈·嘧菌酯对花生冠腐病和茎腐病防治效果,结果表明:经11%精甲霜灵·咯菌腈·嘧菌酯悬浮种衣剂200、300、400 g a.i./100 kg处理的种子对花生冠腐病和茎腐病的防效分别为81.92%~92.20%...采用种子包衣研究了精甲霜灵·咯菌腈·嘧菌酯对花生冠腐病和茎腐病防治效果,结果表明:经11%精甲霜灵·咯菌腈·嘧菌酯悬浮种衣剂200、300、400 g a.i./100 kg处理的种子对花生冠腐病和茎腐病的防效分别为81.92%~92.20%和76.36%~86.10%,两处试验田的出苗率为94.88%~95.75%和93.63%~95.25%,分别增产5.78%~13.14%和5.99%~8.40%。综合安全性、防治效果、增产效果,11%精甲霜灵·咯菌腈·嘧菌酯悬浮种衣剂对防治花生苗期土传真菌病害冠腐病和茎腐病具有较好的应用前景,生产上建议使用剂量为300~400 g a.i./100 kg种子。展开更多
基金Peanut Innovation Team Project of Shandong Agricultural Industry Research System(SDAIT-05-022)Special Fund Project of Agricultural Technology Extension of Shandong Province(SDTG-2016-08).
文摘Peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a soil-borne disease,and it has become the main disease of peanut in Yimeng mountainous area.S.rolfsii survives the winter as mycelia and sclerotia in soil and debris,becoming the primary source of infection in the following year.The disease resistance of peanut varieties,high temperature and humidity,and cultivation measures are the pathogenic factors affecting the occurrence of peanut stem rot.The disease can be effectively controlled by screening disease-resistant varieties and seed chemical treatment,improving soil by deep tillage and crop rotation,carrying out flowing water management of affected field,cutting off transmission routes,and strengthening seed dressing and triple spraying control.
基金Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), a government of India enterprise, for providing financial support under Biotechnology Industry Partnership Programme (BIPP) (BT/BIPP0429/11/10)
文摘Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. is a destructive soilborne fungal pathogen with a wide host range that includes peanuts. Biological control offers an interesting alternative to fungicides for sustainable management of soilborne diseases. The current investigation is aimed at evaluating one potential biocontrol agent Streptomyces sp. RP1 A-12 for growth promotion and the management of peanut stem rot disease caused by S. rolfsii under field conditions. Preliminary studies conducted under in vitro and the greenhouse conditions showed promising results against the stem rot pathogen. Further in vitro and pot experiments conducted to assess Streptomyces sp. RP1 A-12 for its growth promoting abilities using whole organisms have shown an increase in seed germination, root and shoot length. Other parameters like nodule number and plant biomass were also significantly increased over control treatments indicating that the test bioagent possesses growth promoting abilities along with disease suppression capabilities. Subsequently field studies were carried out for two consecutive rainy seasons. The bioagent was applied as whole organism and partially purified crude metabolites. Results indicate the bioagent reduced stem rot disease incidence by 64–67% and 22–49% respectively in two field trials conducted with notable increase in yield. Partially purified Streptomyces sp. RP1 A-12 metabolites exhibited an even greater effect in reducing the incidence and severity of stem rot compared to the pathogen inoculated control.
文摘采用种子包衣研究了精甲霜灵·咯菌腈·嘧菌酯对花生冠腐病和茎腐病防治效果,结果表明:经11%精甲霜灵·咯菌腈·嘧菌酯悬浮种衣剂200、300、400 g a.i./100 kg处理的种子对花生冠腐病和茎腐病的防效分别为81.92%~92.20%和76.36%~86.10%,两处试验田的出苗率为94.88%~95.75%和93.63%~95.25%,分别增产5.78%~13.14%和5.99%~8.40%。综合安全性、防治效果、增产效果,11%精甲霜灵·咯菌腈·嘧菌酯悬浮种衣剂对防治花生苗期土传真菌病害冠腐病和茎腐病具有较好的应用前景,生产上建议使用剂量为300~400 g a.i./100 kg种子。
文摘[目的]评价噻呋酰胺拌种对花生病害的防治效果。[方法]通过不同用量240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂拌花生种仁的方法,研究其对花生苗期根腐病、茎腐病和中期白绢病的控制效果及对花生产量的影响。[结果]在240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂用量150、300、450 m L/hm^2处理中,以450 m L/hm^2处理较好,对根腐病、茎腐病防治效果可达66.64%~74.00%,超过两常规对照的49.96%~60.00%。240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂拌种对防治花生白绢病发生的效果欠佳,但对延缓白绢病发生有一定效果;240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂拌种对花生具有增产效果,在用量150、300、450 m L/hm^2处理中,以450 m L/hm^2处理效果更好,产荚果4 444.95 kg/hm^2,较空白对照增产692.40 kg/hm^2,增幅18.45%,两常规对照产荚果分别为4 337.55和4 357.50 kg/hm^2,较空白对照增幅分别为15.59%和16.12%。[结论]试验结果为噻呋酰胺的进一步研究与应用提供了理论依据。
