Oyster(Crassostrea gigas),the main ingredient of oyster sauce,has a strong umami taste.In this study,three potential umami peptides,FLNQDEEAR(FR-9),FNKEE(FE-5),and EEFLK(EK-5),were identified and screened from the alc...Oyster(Crassostrea gigas),the main ingredient of oyster sauce,has a strong umami taste.In this study,three potential umami peptides,FLNQDEEAR(FR-9),FNKEE(FE-5),and EEFLK(EK-5),were identified and screened from the alcoholic extracts of the oyster using nano-HPLC-MS/MS analysis,i Umami-Scoring Card Method(i Umami-SCM)database and molecular docking(MD).Sensory evaluation and electronic tongue analysis were further used to confirm their tastes.The threshold of the three peptides ranged from 0.38 to 0.55 mg/m L.MD with umami receptors T1R1/T1R3 indicated that the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond interaction were the main forces involved.Besides,the Phe592 and Gln853 of T1R3 were the primary docking site for MD and played an important role in umami intensity.Peptides with two Glu residues at the terminus had stronger umami,especially at the C-terminus.These results contribute to the understanding of umami peptides in oysters and the interaction mechanism between umami peptides and umami receptors.展开更多
Walnut dreg protein hydrolysates(WDPHs)exhibit a variety of biological activities,however,the cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)inhibitory peptide of WDPHs remain unclear.The aim of this study was to rapidly screen for such pept...Walnut dreg protein hydrolysates(WDPHs)exhibit a variety of biological activities,however,the cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)inhibitory peptide of WDPHs remain unclear.The aim of this study was to rapidly screen for such peptides in WDPHs through a combination of in silico and in vitro analysis.In total,1262 peptide sequences were observed by nano liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry(nano LC-MS/MS)and 4 novel COX-2 inhibitory peptides(AGFP,FPGA,LFPD,and VGFP)were identified.Enzyme kinetic data indicated that AGFP,FPGA,and LFPD displayed mixed-type COX-2 inhibition,whereas VGFP was a non-competitive inhibitor.This is mainly because the peptides form hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with residues in the COX-2 active site.These results demonstrate that computer analysis combined with in vitro evaluation allows for rapid screening of COX-2 inhibitory peptides in walnut protein dregs.展开更多
Oncorhynchus mykiss is delicious and contains abundant flavor substances.However,few studies focused on umami peptides of O.mykiss.In the current work,umami peptides derived from O.mykiss were identified using virtual...Oncorhynchus mykiss is delicious and contains abundant flavor substances.However,few studies focused on umami peptides of O.mykiss.In the current work,umami peptides derived from O.mykiss were identified using virtual screening,molecular docking,and electronic tongue analysis.First,the O.mykiss protein was hydrolyzed using the PeptideCutter online enzymolysis program.Subsequently,water-soluble and toxicity screening were performed by Innovagen and ToxinPred software,respectively.The potential peptides were docked with umami receptor T1R1/T1R3.Furthermore,taste properties of potential peptides were validated by electronic tongue.Docking results suggested that the three tetrapeptide EANK,EEAK,and EMQK could enter the binding pocket in the T1R1 cavity,wherein Arg151,Asp147,Gln52,and Arg277 may play key roles in the production of umami taste.Electronic tongue results showed that the umami value of EANK,EEAK,and EMQK were stronger than monosodium glutamate.This work provides a new insight for the screening of umami peptides in O.mykiss.展开更多
Background Many countries have already banned the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry,making it extremely difficult to maintain animal health in livestock breeding.In the livestock industry,there is an urgent need ...Background Many countries have already banned the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry,making it extremely difficult to maintain animal health in livestock breeding.In the livestock industry,there is an urgent need to develop alternatives to antibiotics which will not lead to drug resistance on prolonged use.In this study,eighteen castrated bulls were randomly divided into two groups.The control group(CK)was fed the basal diet,while the antimicrobial peptide group(AP)was fed the basal diet supplemented with 8 g of antimicrobial peptides in the basal diet for the experimental period of 270 d.They were then slaughtered to measure production performance,and the ruminal contents were isolated for metagenomic and metabolome sequencing analysis.Result The results showed that antimicrobial peptides could improve the daily weight,carcass weight,and net meat weight of the experimental animals.Additionally,the rumen papillae diameter and the micropapillary density in the AP were significantly greater than those in the CK.Furthermore,the determination of digestive enzymes and fermentation parameters showed that the contents of protease,xylanase,andβ-glucoside in the AP were greater than those in the CK.However,lipase content in the CK was greater than that in the AP.Moreover,the content of acetate,propionate,butyrate,and valerate was found to be greater in AP than those in CK.The metagenomic analysis annotated 1993 differential microorganisms at the species level.The KEGG enrichment of these microorganisms revealed that the enrichment of drug resistance-related pathways was dramatically decreased in the AP,whereas the enrichment of immune-related pathways was significantly increased.There was also a significant reduction in the types of viruses in the AP.187 probiotics with significant differences were found,135 of which were higher in AP than in CK.It was also found that the antimicrobial mechanism of the antimicrobial peptides was quite specific.Seven low-abundance microorganisms(Acinetobactersp.Ac1271,Aequorivita soesokkakensis,Bacillus lacisalsi,Haloferax larsenii,Lysinibacillussp.3DF0063,Parabacteroidessp.217,Streptomycessp.So13.3)were found to regulate growth performance of the bull negatively.Metabolome analysis identified 45 differentially differential metabolites that significantly different between the CK and the AP groups.Seven upregulated metabolites(4-pyridoxic acid,Ala-Phe,3-ureidopropionate,hippuric acid,terephthalic acid,L-alanine,uridine 5-monophosphate)improve the growth performance of the experimental animals.To detect the interactions between the rumen microbiome and metabolism,we associated the rumen microbiome with the metabolome and found that negative regulation between the above 7 microorganisms and 7 metabolites.Conclusions This study shows that antimicrobial peptides can improve the growth performance of animals while resisting viruses and harmful bacteria and are expected to become healthy alternatives to antibiotics.We demonstrated a new antimicrobial peptides pharmacological model.We demonstrated low-abundance microorganisms may play a role by regulating the content of metabolites.展开更多
Milk allergy is a common allergic reaction found in infants and young children,most of them appear tolerance after growing up.In this study,infant formula was digested by simulated in vitro digestion method.The potent...Milk allergy is a common allergic reaction found in infants and young children,most of them appear tolerance after growing up.In this study,infant formula was digested by simulated in vitro digestion method.The potential non-allergenic peptides were further screened from undigested products by exclusion of the known epitopes fromβ-lactoglobulin(BLG)andα-lactalbumin(ALA).These potential non-allergenic peptides were synthesized and their transferability were determined by Caco-2 cell monolayer model.Finally,the potential allergenicity were evaluated by KU812 cell degranulation model.The results showed that 7 peptides were screened as non-allergenic sequences,among which were 3 from ALA and 4 from BLG.The Caco-2 cell model showed that all the synthetic peptides were absorbed and transported well.However,only peptide BLG_(107-118)showed potential allegencity by KU812 model.In conclusion,6 peptides,including ALA_(29-51),ALA_(80-90),ALA_(94-103),BLG_(1-20),BLG_(24-50),and BLG_(123-139)were evaluated as hypoallergenic peptides,which could be used for candidates of peptides inducing immune tolerance for persons with milk allergy.展开更多
There are many active substances in Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua)explaining the variety of biological activities.In order to study the immunomodulatory activity and the mechanism of Atlantic cod peptides at the cellular ...There are many active substances in Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua)explaining the variety of biological activities.In order to study the immunomodulatory activity and the mechanism of Atlantic cod peptides at the cellular level.In this study,cod peptides were isolated by 80%ethanol extraction method,the isolated ethanol-soluble cod peptides(CP-ES)were investigated and their immunomodulatory activity was verified.Additionally,CP-ES showed lower molecular weight and more hydrophobic amino acids.CP-ES could promote the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and T lymphocytes in mice,suggesting that CP-ES may regulate adaptive immunity.It promoted the release of NO and the expression of iNOS,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1βgenes in macrophages,suggesting that CP-ES may regulate innate immunity.CP-ES could promote the expression of TLR2 gene,and the peptides identified in CP-ES were docked with TLR2 to predict the peptides playing a major role in CP-ES.These results suggested that CP-ES may regulate the immune activity of both innate and adaptive lines.展开更多
Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the most studied phytocannabinoids, is non-psychotropic and can induce protective effects on the central nervous system against acute and chronic brain injury. Interestingly, CBD inhibits pro...Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the most studied phytocannabinoids, is non-psychotropic and can induce protective effects on the central nervous system against acute and chronic brain injury. Interestingly, CBD inhibits processes relating to amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease, though the detailed molecular mechanism underlying the CBD neurotoxicity modulation is not fully understood. In this study, using atomic force microscopy, we find that CBD promotes the aggregation of Aβ peptides, enhancing the formation of Aβ oligomers, also known as Aβ-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs). The CBD-mediated sequestration of Aβ monomers in soluble ADDLs could reduce neurotoxicity. This study highlights a possible role of CBD in modulating the formation of ADDL aggregates and provides insight into potentially neuroprotective properties of CBD in Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
The main protease(M^(pro))is essential for the replication of SARS-COV-2 and therefore represents a promising anti-viral target.In this study,we screened M^(pro)inhibitory peptides from Ulva prolifera protein on in-si...The main protease(M^(pro))is essential for the replication of SARS-COV-2 and therefore represents a promising anti-viral target.In this study,we screened M^(pro)inhibitory peptides from Ulva prolifera protein on in-silico proteolysis.Cytotoxicity analysis using the online toxic prediction tool ToxinPred revealed that all the peptides were non-cytotoxic.The hexapeptide(SSGFID)exhibited high M^(pro)inhibitory activity in molecular docking and its IC_(50)value was 139.40±0.82μmol/L in vitro according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay(FRET).Quantitative real-time(qRT-)PCR results show that SSGFID could stimulate the expression of mitosis-related factors,including nuclear factor-κB,cyclin D1,and cyclin-dependent kinase 4,to promote the proliferation of mice splenocytes.Stability study revealed that SSGFID showed resistance against pepsin and trypsin but lost D(Asp)after pretreatment at121℃ for 15 min.Besides,SSGFID was mainly transported through the Caco-2 cell monolayer by the peptide transporter PepT1 and passive-mediated transport during the transport study.Unfortunately,the peptide was also degraded by Caco-2 intracellular enzymes,and the transfer rate of intact peptide was4.2%.Furthermore,Lineweaver–Burk plots demonstrated that SSGFID possessed a mixed inhibitory characteristic with M^(pro).Our study indicated the potential of Ulva prolifera as antiviral and immuneenhancing functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals.展开更多
Peptides play multiple functions in cellular processes and are considered an attractive paradigm for the development of novel drugs and therapeutic approaches. However, the complexity of their pharmacokinetics/pharmac...Peptides play multiple functions in cellular processes and are considered an attractive paradigm for the development of novel drugs and therapeutic approaches. However, the complexity of their pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and physicochemical properties presents challenges in their development. Currently, there is no single analytical method that fully meets the requirements for studying peptide drug pharmacokinetics. Interdisciplinary teams and multiple technical platforms are required to address these challenges. This article explores the pharmacokinetics, bioanalytical methods, challenges, and strategies in the development of peptide drugs. As our understanding of peptide drug pharmacokinetics and bioanalytical characteristics deepens, it will facilitate their development and provide scientific evidence for rational clinical use.展开更多
Host defense peptides(HDPs)are small molecules with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against infectious bacteria,viruses,and fungi.Increasing evidence suggests that HDPs can also indirectly protect hosts by mod...Host defense peptides(HDPs)are small molecules with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against infectious bacteria,viruses,and fungi.Increasing evidence suggests that HDPs can also indirectly protect hosts by modulating their immune responses.Due to these dual roles,HDPs have been considered one of the most promising antibiotic substitutes to improve growth performance,intestinal health,and immunity in farm animals.This review describes the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory roles of host defense peptides and their recent applications in animal production.展开更多
AIM:To analyze a series of antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)in corneal tissue from individuals with fungal keratitis(FK)during the active phase of the fungus infection and after healing.METHODS:Patients undergone lamellar ...AIM:To analyze a series of antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)in corneal tissue from individuals with fungal keratitis(FK)during the active phase of the fungus infection and after healing.METHODS:Patients undergone lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of severe FK or corneal scar had their corneal buttons sampled.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to ascertain the gene expression of human beta-defensin(HBD)-1,-2,-3,-9,S100A7,8,9,and LL-37.RESULTS:All AMPs’messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression was considerably elevated in all samples(n=12).In contrast to controls,where HBD-2,-3,and S100A7 mRNAs were expressed at very low levels,it was discovered that HBD-1,-9,S100A8,S100A9,and LL-37 were constitutively expressed in all healed samples(n=4).HBD-1,-2-3,S100A7,and LL-37 mRNAs were significantly increased in all active FK samples(n=8).The levels of HBD-9,S100A8,and S100A9 mRNAs were moderately upregulated in all active FK samples.Subgroup comparison showed that HBD-2 was significantly increased in Fusarium keratitis samples(n=5),and LL-37 mRNAs were significantly enhanced in Aspergillus keratitis samples(n=3).Whereas there was not significantly increased of HBD-1,-3,-9,S100A7,8,9 mRNA in Aspergillus keratitis samples compared with Fusarium keratitis samples.CONCLUSION:AMPs expression is increased in active FK,but not all AMPs are equally expressed.HBD-2 and LL-37 expression levels are the highest,showing some specificity of AMP expression related to FK.Human AMPs,particularly HBD-2 may play a significant role in Fusarium keratitis and LL-37 might be the key player in Aspergillus keratitis.展开更多
Cartilage is a nonedible byproduct with little saleable value.However,previous studies have proposed the possibility of producing peptides from cartilage with immune function modulation potential.The current study aim...Cartilage is a nonedible byproduct with little saleable value.However,previous studies have proposed the possibility of producing peptides from cartilage with immune function modulation potential.The current study aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory activity of peptides derived from sturgeon(Acipenser schrenckii)cartilage in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.Five peptide sequences,including four novel peptides,were identified from ethanol-soluble cartilage hydrolysates.Among these five peptides,LTGP,LLLE,LLEL and VGPAGPAGP reduced the production of nitric oxide(NO)and interleukin-6(IL-6)while increasing interleukin-10(IL-10)excretion.Transcriptome analysis suggested the inhibition of activated mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and interleukin-17(IL-17)signaling pathways after LLEL intervention.MAPK,which is involved in the IL-17 signaling pathway,was further proved to be blocked by downregulating the phosphorylation of p38,extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase(ERK),and c-jun N-terminal kinase(JNK).This novel peptide offers an attractive approach to develop functional foods.展开更多
Fermented foods are a potential source to produce novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory peptides(D4IPs).In this study,the fermented mandarin fish(Chouguiyu)was used to screen D4IPs and their formation mechanism was...Fermented foods are a potential source to produce novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory peptides(D4IPs).In this study,the fermented mandarin fish(Chouguiyu)was used to screen D4IPs and their formation mechanism was studied by metagenomics and peptidomics.A total of 400 D4IPs with DPP-IV inhibition structure and high hydrophobicity were identified.The correlation network map showed that Lactococcus,Bacillus,Lysobacter,Pelagivirga,Kocuria,Escherichia,Streptococcus,and Peptostreptococcus were significantly correlated with the most D4IPs.Four stable D4IPs,including KAGARALTDAETAT,GEKVDFDDIQK,VVDADEMYLKGK,and GQKDSYVGDEAQ were respectively from the precursor proteins parvalbumin,troponin,myosin,and actin,and were mainly formed by the hydrolysis of subtilisin(EC 3.4.21.62),aspartic proteinase(EC 3.4.23.1),thermolysin(EC 3.4.24.27),oligopeptidase B(EC 3.4.21.83),and proteinase P1(EC 3.4.21.96)from Bacillus,Kocuria,Lysobacter,Lactococcus,and Peptostreptococcus.The inhibition mainly resulted from the hydrogen bond and salt bridge between D4IPs and DPP-IV enzyme.This study provides important information on the proteases and related microbial strains to directionally prepare D4IPs in Chouguiyu.展开更多
Pheretima,also called“earthworms”,is a well-known animal-derived traditional Chinese medicine that is extensively used in over 50 Chinese patent medicines(CPMs)in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).However,its zool...Pheretima,also called“earthworms”,is a well-known animal-derived traditional Chinese medicine that is extensively used in over 50 Chinese patent medicines(CPMs)in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).However,its zoological origin is unclear,both in the herbal market and CPMs.In this study,a strategy for integrating in-house annotated protein databases constructed from close evolutionary relationship-sourced RNA sequencing data from public archival resources and various sequencing algorithms(restricted search,open search,and de novo)was developed to characterize the phenotype of natural peptides of three major commercial species of Pheretima,including Pheretima aspergillum(PA),Pheretima vulgaris(PV),and Metaphire magna(MM).We identified 10,477 natural peptides in the PA,7,451 in PV,and 5,896 in MM samples.Five specific signature peptides were screened and then validated using synthetic peptides;these demonstrated robust specificity for the authentication of PA,PV,and MM.Finally,all marker peptides were successfully applied to identify the zoological origins of Brain Heart capsules and Xiaohuoluo pills,revealing the inconsistent Pheretima species used in these CPMs.In conclusion,our integrated strategy could be used for the in-depth characterization of natural peptides of other animal-derived traditional Chinese medicines,especially non-model species with poorly annotated protein databases.展开更多
Plasma concentration of Natriuretic Peptide (NP) is a valuable diagnostic tool for heart failure (HF). It can help rule out or confirm a diagnosis of HF based on symptoms, but its use is not clearly defined. NPs shoul...Plasma concentration of Natriuretic Peptide (NP) is a valuable diagnostic tool for heart failure (HF). It can help rule out or confirm a diagnosis of HF based on symptoms, but its use is not clearly defined. NPs should be used in conjunction with physical examination and other diagnostic tests. However, it is important to note that several conditions besides the diagnosis of HF may cause NPs levels to be elevated. Additionally, there are situations when NP concentrations may be below diagnostic thresholds in [1]. This consensus statement aims to provide a straightforward diagnostic flowchart for clinicians in both the emergency department and outpatient settings to aid in diagnosing both acute and chronic HF. The diagnosis of acute HF can be ruled out with a BNP level of 100 pg/mL or NTproBNP level of 300 pg/mL, regardless of the patient’s age. To identify HF, a 3-level cut-off point based on the patient’s age is recommended. Chronic heart failure can be ruled out with a BNP level of 35 pg/mL or NTproBNP level of 125 pg/mL, regardless of thepatient’s age [1].展开更多
The aim of this work was to develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of milk allergen and egg allergen in food products.Signature peptides GGLEPINFQTAADQAR,VGINYWLAHK,VLVLD...The aim of this work was to develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of milk allergen and egg allergen in food products.Signature peptides GGLEPINFQTAADQAR,VGINYWLAHK,VLVLDTDYK,FFVAPFPEVFGK,and NAVPITPTLNR were confirmed and synthesized as the quantitative peptide of ovalbumin,α-lactalbumin,β-lactoglobulin,α_(S1)-casein andα_(S2)-casein,the relative isotope-labeled internal standards were used in the quantitative analysis.Linear range was in the range of0.5-5000.0 nmol/L for egg and milk allergen in bread,cake,cookie,rice crust and wheat flour samples with free from egg and milk,the limits of detection of milk allergens and egg allergen were in the range between0.94 mg/100 g and 56.71 mg/100 g,limits of quantification of milk allergens and egg allergen were in the range between 2.36 mg/100 g and 141.78 mg/100 g.The recoveries ranged from 76.7%to 122.8%,the relative standard deviations were in the range of 1.60%-15.60%.The developed method has been successfully used for the detection of egg and milk allergen in various food samples.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze effects of antimicrobial peptides added to the diet of Tan sheep on their production, slaughter performance and blood composition. [Methods] Ninety two four-month-old Ta...[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze effects of antimicrobial peptides added to the diet of Tan sheep on their production, slaughter performance and blood composition. [Methods] Ninety two four-month-old Tan sheep were randomly divided into two treatment groups according to their body weight, 46 in each group. The control check group(CK) was feed with conventional diet, and the experimental group was fed with the addition of antimicrobial peptide on the basis of the conventional diet, with the added amount of 2.5 g/sheep per day. The experimental period was 60 d. [Results] The incidence rate was 75.06% lower in the experimental group than in the CK. The average daily weight gain per sheep was 11.27% higher in the experimental group than in the CK(P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio was 8.45% lower in the experimental group than in the CK(P<0.05). The average daily gross profit per sheep was 12.12% higher in the experimental group than in the CK. For slaughter performance, the data difference of each item was not significant. The PH at 45 min and 24 h after slaughter was within the normal range of fresh mutton. The cooked meat percentage and water loss rate showed no significant differences(P>0.05). The marbling ranged from 2.45 to 2.50, indicating that the fat content was moderate, and the difference between groups was not significant(P>0.05). The flesh color ranged from 3.00 to 3.15, between light red and bright red, belonging to the normal color of mutton, and the difference between groups was not significant(P>0.05). The shear force was between 2.50 and 2.65, without a significant difference between groups(P>0.05). The white blood cells, lymphocytes and platelets in the experimental group were lower than those in the CK(P<0.01). The erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the erythrocyte group were higher than those in the CK(P<0.05). The neutrophils and monocytes in the experimental group were lower than those in the CK(P<0.05). [Conclusions] This study provides a technical basis for the rational use of antimicrobial peptides and their application in ruminants.展开更多
This study discusses the composition analysis and comparison of Jaboticaba under different processing conditions for fermented liquid, jam, fruit powder, and fruit vinegar. The differences and comparison of the conten...This study discusses the composition analysis and comparison of Jaboticaba under different processing conditions for fermented liquid, jam, fruit powder, and fruit vinegar. The differences and comparison of the contents of total polyphenols, anthocyanins, resveratrol, superoxide dismutase, small molecular peptides and ellagic acid in their products were analyzed. After analysis and comparison of results, the content of total polyphenols was found to be the highest 44.82 ± 0.89 (mg/g) after being fermented directly from fresh fruit. The fresh fruit was dried at low temperature and ground into powder, with a maximum ellagic acid content of 12.799 ± 0.12 (mg/g). Fresh fruit was then made into jam, with the highest anthocyanin content of 57.39 ± 1.20 (mg/g). The fruit vinegar was produced by fermentation. Except for the content of small molecule peptides, which was similar to the content of fermentation broth and fruit powder, they were 20.63 ± 1.61, 23.84 ± 2.51 and 20.52 ± 1.21 (mg/g), and the rest of the composition was not as good as other samples. In the fresh fruit fermentation broth samples, resveratrol was produced and detected, and its content was 2.14 (mg/L), while it was not detected in other samples, and a superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like enzyme was detected in the fresh fruit fermentation broth. The highest activity was 49002.5 units/mL. Jaboticaba is prepared using a fermentation broth processing method with fresh fruit, and its total polyphenol content is higher than that of fruit powder, jam, and fruit vinegar. The commercial value of Jaboticaba and the establishment of composition content data are relatively improved, which is more promising for the future.展开更多
Globally,the prevalence of anxiety and depression has reached epidemic proportions.Food-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides delivered through dietary supplementation can avoid the negative risks associated with ...Globally,the prevalence of anxiety and depression has reached epidemic proportions.Food-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides delivered through dietary supplementation can avoid the negative risks associated with traditional pharmaceuticals while delivering superior anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.This review summarizes current research on food-derived anxiolytic and antidepressant protein hydrolysates and peptides,and subsequently analyses their physicochemical characteristics and elaborates on their mechanisms.The aim of this work is to contribute to the in-depth study and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of related products to better serve patients with anxiety and depression.展开更多
The angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptide NCW derived from Mizuhopecten yessoensis has been demonstrated to have significant in vivo anti-hypertensive effects,however,its anti-hypertensive mechanism is ...The angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptide NCW derived from Mizuhopecten yessoensis has been demonstrated to have significant in vivo anti-hypertensive effects,however,its anti-hypertensive mechanism is still not fully clarified.This study established a UPLC-Q-TRAP-MS/MS-based widely targeted kidney metabolomics approach to explore the changes of kidney metabolic profiles and to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of peptide NCW in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that the kidney metabolic profiles were clearly separated between the SHR-NCW and SHRUntreated groups.A total of 85 metabolites were differentially regulated,and 16 metabolites were identified as potential kidney biomarkers,e.g.,3-hydroxybutyrate,malonic acid,deoxycytidine,and L-aspartic acid.The peptide NCW might regulate kidney metabolic disorder of SHRs to alleviate hypertension by suppressing inflammation and improving nitric oxide production under the regulation of linoleic acid metabolism,folate related pathways,synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies,pyrimidine metabolism,β-alanine metabolism,and retinal metabolism.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China:Investigate the mechanism of formation and control technologies of Chinese traditional and ethnic food quality(2021YFD2100100)。
文摘Oyster(Crassostrea gigas),the main ingredient of oyster sauce,has a strong umami taste.In this study,three potential umami peptides,FLNQDEEAR(FR-9),FNKEE(FE-5),and EEFLK(EK-5),were identified and screened from the alcoholic extracts of the oyster using nano-HPLC-MS/MS analysis,i Umami-Scoring Card Method(i Umami-SCM)database and molecular docking(MD).Sensory evaluation and electronic tongue analysis were further used to confirm their tastes.The threshold of the three peptides ranged from 0.38 to 0.55 mg/m L.MD with umami receptors T1R1/T1R3 indicated that the electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond interaction were the main forces involved.Besides,the Phe592 and Gln853 of T1R3 were the primary docking site for MD and played an important role in umami intensity.Peptides with two Glu residues at the terminus had stronger umami,especially at the C-terminus.These results contribute to the understanding of umami peptides in oysters and the interaction mechanism between umami peptides and umami receptors.
基金supported by the Major Project of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province (202002AA100005 and 202102AE090027-2)the Project of Yunnan Province Food and Drug Homologous Resources Functional Food Innovation Team (A3032023057)+2 种基金the YEFICRC project of Yunnan provincial key programs (2019ZG009)Yunnan Province Ten Thousand Plan Industrial Technology Talents project (YNWR-CYJS-2020-010)the Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology Agricultural Joint Special Project (202101BD070001-120)。
文摘Walnut dreg protein hydrolysates(WDPHs)exhibit a variety of biological activities,however,the cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)inhibitory peptide of WDPHs remain unclear.The aim of this study was to rapidly screen for such peptides in WDPHs through a combination of in silico and in vitro analysis.In total,1262 peptide sequences were observed by nano liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry(nano LC-MS/MS)and 4 novel COX-2 inhibitory peptides(AGFP,FPGA,LFPD,and VGFP)were identified.Enzyme kinetic data indicated that AGFP,FPGA,and LFPD displayed mixed-type COX-2 inhibition,whereas VGFP was a non-competitive inhibitor.This is mainly because the peptides form hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with residues in the COX-2 active site.These results demonstrate that computer analysis combined with in vitro evaluation allows for rapid screening of COX-2 inhibitory peptides in walnut protein dregs.
基金supported by The National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFD0901702)
文摘Oncorhynchus mykiss is delicious and contains abundant flavor substances.However,few studies focused on umami peptides of O.mykiss.In the current work,umami peptides derived from O.mykiss were identified using virtual screening,molecular docking,and electronic tongue analysis.First,the O.mykiss protein was hydrolyzed using the PeptideCutter online enzymolysis program.Subsequently,water-soluble and toxicity screening were performed by Innovagen and ToxinPred software,respectively.The potential peptides were docked with umami receptor T1R1/T1R3.Furthermore,taste properties of potential peptides were validated by electronic tongue.Docking results suggested that the three tetrapeptide EANK,EEAK,and EMQK could enter the binding pocket in the T1R1 cavity,wherein Arg151,Asp147,Gln52,and Arg277 may play key roles in the production of umami taste.Electronic tongue results showed that the umami value of EANK,EEAK,and EMQK were stronger than monosodium glutamate.This work provides a new insight for the screening of umami peptides in O.mykiss.
基金financially supported by Research and application of corn straw forage and beef cattle high-efficiency and quality production technology (Provincial Education Science and Technology Innovation Project) (GSSYLXM-02)the Gansu beef cattle quality fattening project (GSAXMLZ-2021-01)+1 种基金the Application of Pingliang Red Bull Planting and Breeding Combined with High-efficiency Circular Production System Construction Technology Application (2020C-08)the local funding (GSSLCSX-2020-1)。
文摘Background Many countries have already banned the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry,making it extremely difficult to maintain animal health in livestock breeding.In the livestock industry,there is an urgent need to develop alternatives to antibiotics which will not lead to drug resistance on prolonged use.In this study,eighteen castrated bulls were randomly divided into two groups.The control group(CK)was fed the basal diet,while the antimicrobial peptide group(AP)was fed the basal diet supplemented with 8 g of antimicrobial peptides in the basal diet for the experimental period of 270 d.They were then slaughtered to measure production performance,and the ruminal contents were isolated for metagenomic and metabolome sequencing analysis.Result The results showed that antimicrobial peptides could improve the daily weight,carcass weight,and net meat weight of the experimental animals.Additionally,the rumen papillae diameter and the micropapillary density in the AP were significantly greater than those in the CK.Furthermore,the determination of digestive enzymes and fermentation parameters showed that the contents of protease,xylanase,andβ-glucoside in the AP were greater than those in the CK.However,lipase content in the CK was greater than that in the AP.Moreover,the content of acetate,propionate,butyrate,and valerate was found to be greater in AP than those in CK.The metagenomic analysis annotated 1993 differential microorganisms at the species level.The KEGG enrichment of these microorganisms revealed that the enrichment of drug resistance-related pathways was dramatically decreased in the AP,whereas the enrichment of immune-related pathways was significantly increased.There was also a significant reduction in the types of viruses in the AP.187 probiotics with significant differences were found,135 of which were higher in AP than in CK.It was also found that the antimicrobial mechanism of the antimicrobial peptides was quite specific.Seven low-abundance microorganisms(Acinetobactersp.Ac1271,Aequorivita soesokkakensis,Bacillus lacisalsi,Haloferax larsenii,Lysinibacillussp.3DF0063,Parabacteroidessp.217,Streptomycessp.So13.3)were found to regulate growth performance of the bull negatively.Metabolome analysis identified 45 differentially differential metabolites that significantly different between the CK and the AP groups.Seven upregulated metabolites(4-pyridoxic acid,Ala-Phe,3-ureidopropionate,hippuric acid,terephthalic acid,L-alanine,uridine 5-monophosphate)improve the growth performance of the experimental animals.To detect the interactions between the rumen microbiome and metabolism,we associated the rumen microbiome with the metabolome and found that negative regulation between the above 7 microorganisms and 7 metabolites.Conclusions This study shows that antimicrobial peptides can improve the growth performance of animals while resisting viruses and harmful bacteria and are expected to become healthy alternatives to antibiotics.We demonstrated a new antimicrobial peptides pharmacological model.We demonstrated low-abundance microorganisms may play a role by regulating the content of metabolites.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1604205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760431)State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,Nanchang University(SKLF-ZZA-201912)。
文摘Milk allergy is a common allergic reaction found in infants and young children,most of them appear tolerance after growing up.In this study,infant formula was digested by simulated in vitro digestion method.The potential non-allergenic peptides were further screened from undigested products by exclusion of the known epitopes fromβ-lactoglobulin(BLG)andα-lactalbumin(ALA).These potential non-allergenic peptides were synthesized and their transferability were determined by Caco-2 cell monolayer model.Finally,the potential allergenicity were evaluated by KU812 cell degranulation model.The results showed that 7 peptides were screened as non-allergenic sequences,among which were 3 from ALA and 4 from BLG.The Caco-2 cell model showed that all the synthetic peptides were absorbed and transported well.However,only peptide BLG_(107-118)showed potential allegencity by KU812 model.In conclusion,6 peptides,including ALA_(29-51),ALA_(80-90),ALA_(94-103),BLG_(1-20),BLG_(24-50),and BLG_(123-139)were evaluated as hypoallergenic peptides,which could be used for candidates of peptides inducing immune tolerance for persons with milk allergy.
基金financially supported by the Project of Xingliao Talent Plan“Science and Technology Innovation Leader”(XLYC1802047).
文摘There are many active substances in Atlantic cod(Gadus morhua)explaining the variety of biological activities.In order to study the immunomodulatory activity and the mechanism of Atlantic cod peptides at the cellular level.In this study,cod peptides were isolated by 80%ethanol extraction method,the isolated ethanol-soluble cod peptides(CP-ES)were investigated and their immunomodulatory activity was verified.Additionally,CP-ES showed lower molecular weight and more hydrophobic amino acids.CP-ES could promote the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes and T lymphocytes in mice,suggesting that CP-ES may regulate adaptive immunity.It promoted the release of NO and the expression of iNOS,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1βgenes in macrophages,suggesting that CP-ES may regulate innate immunity.CP-ES could promote the expression of TLR2 gene,and the peptides identified in CP-ES were docked with TLR2 to predict the peptides playing a major role in CP-ES.These results suggested that CP-ES may regulate the immune activity of both innate and adaptive lines.
文摘Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the most studied phytocannabinoids, is non-psychotropic and can induce protective effects on the central nervous system against acute and chronic brain injury. Interestingly, CBD inhibits processes relating to amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease, though the detailed molecular mechanism underlying the CBD neurotoxicity modulation is not fully understood. In this study, using atomic force microscopy, we find that CBD promotes the aggregation of Aβ peptides, enhancing the formation of Aβ oligomers, also known as Aβ-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs). The CBD-mediated sequestration of Aβ monomers in soluble ADDLs could reduce neurotoxicity. This study highlights a possible role of CBD in modulating the formation of ADDL aggregates and provides insight into potentially neuroprotective properties of CBD in Alzheimer’s disease.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2016YFC1402102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41976109)the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)。
文摘The main protease(M^(pro))is essential for the replication of SARS-COV-2 and therefore represents a promising anti-viral target.In this study,we screened M^(pro)inhibitory peptides from Ulva prolifera protein on in-silico proteolysis.Cytotoxicity analysis using the online toxic prediction tool ToxinPred revealed that all the peptides were non-cytotoxic.The hexapeptide(SSGFID)exhibited high M^(pro)inhibitory activity in molecular docking and its IC_(50)value was 139.40±0.82μmol/L in vitro according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay(FRET).Quantitative real-time(qRT-)PCR results show that SSGFID could stimulate the expression of mitosis-related factors,including nuclear factor-κB,cyclin D1,and cyclin-dependent kinase 4,to promote the proliferation of mice splenocytes.Stability study revealed that SSGFID showed resistance against pepsin and trypsin but lost D(Asp)after pretreatment at121℃ for 15 min.Besides,SSGFID was mainly transported through the Caco-2 cell monolayer by the peptide transporter PepT1 and passive-mediated transport during the transport study.Unfortunately,the peptide was also degraded by Caco-2 intracellular enzymes,and the transfer rate of intact peptide was4.2%.Furthermore,Lineweaver–Burk plots demonstrated that SSGFID possessed a mixed inhibitory characteristic with M^(pro).Our study indicated the potential of Ulva prolifera as antiviral and immuneenhancing functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals.
文摘Peptides play multiple functions in cellular processes and are considered an attractive paradigm for the development of novel drugs and therapeutic approaches. However, the complexity of their pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and physicochemical properties presents challenges in their development. Currently, there is no single analytical method that fully meets the requirements for studying peptide drug pharmacokinetics. Interdisciplinary teams and multiple technical platforms are required to address these challenges. This article explores the pharmacokinetics, bioanalytical methods, challenges, and strategies in the development of peptide drugs. As our understanding of peptide drug pharmacokinetics and bioanalytical characteristics deepens, it will facilitate their development and provide scientific evidence for rational clinical use.
文摘Host defense peptides(HDPs)are small molecules with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against infectious bacteria,viruses,and fungi.Increasing evidence suggests that HDPs can also indirectly protect hosts by modulating their immune responses.Due to these dual roles,HDPs have been considered one of the most promising antibiotic substitutes to improve growth performance,intestinal health,and immunity in farm animals.This review describes the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory roles of host defense peptides and their recent applications in animal production.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171025,No.82070934)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HUST:No.2019kfyXMBZ065)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(No.2021BCA146)the Clinical Research Foundation of Wuhan Union Hospital(No.2021xhlcyj03).
文摘AIM:To analyze a series of antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)in corneal tissue from individuals with fungal keratitis(FK)during the active phase of the fungus infection and after healing.METHODS:Patients undergone lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of severe FK or corneal scar had their corneal buttons sampled.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to ascertain the gene expression of human beta-defensin(HBD)-1,-2,-3,-9,S100A7,8,9,and LL-37.RESULTS:All AMPs’messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression was considerably elevated in all samples(n=12).In contrast to controls,where HBD-2,-3,and S100A7 mRNAs were expressed at very low levels,it was discovered that HBD-1,-9,S100A8,S100A9,and LL-37 were constitutively expressed in all healed samples(n=4).HBD-1,-2-3,S100A7,and LL-37 mRNAs were significantly increased in all active FK samples(n=8).The levels of HBD-9,S100A8,and S100A9 mRNAs were moderately upregulated in all active FK samples.Subgroup comparison showed that HBD-2 was significantly increased in Fusarium keratitis samples(n=5),and LL-37 mRNAs were significantly enhanced in Aspergillus keratitis samples(n=3).Whereas there was not significantly increased of HBD-1,-3,-9,S100A7,8,9 mRNA in Aspergillus keratitis samples compared with Fusarium keratitis samples.CONCLUSION:AMPs expression is increased in active FK,but not all AMPs are equally expressed.HBD-2 and LL-37 expression levels are the highest,showing some specificity of AMP expression related to FK.Human AMPs,particularly HBD-2 may play a significant role in Fusarium keratitis and LL-37 might be the key player in Aspergillus keratitis.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-46),China.
文摘Cartilage is a nonedible byproduct with little saleable value.However,previous studies have proposed the possibility of producing peptides from cartilage with immune function modulation potential.The current study aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory activity of peptides derived from sturgeon(Acipenser schrenckii)cartilage in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.Five peptide sequences,including four novel peptides,were identified from ethanol-soluble cartilage hydrolysates.Among these five peptides,LTGP,LLLE,LLEL and VGPAGPAGP reduced the production of nitric oxide(NO)and interleukin-6(IL-6)while increasing interleukin-10(IL-10)excretion.Transcriptome analysis suggested the inhibition of activated mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and interleukin-17(IL-17)signaling pathways after LLEL intervention.MAPK,which is involved in the IL-17 signaling pathway,was further proved to be blocked by downregulating the phosphorylation of p38,extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase(ERK),and c-jun N-terminal kinase(JNK).This novel peptide offers an attractive approach to develop functional foods.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0901903)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-46,CARS-47)+3 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515010872)the Young S&T Talent Training Program of Guangdong Provincial Association for S&T,China(SKXRC202210)the Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou(201906010081)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(2020TD69).
文摘Fermented foods are a potential source to produce novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory peptides(D4IPs).In this study,the fermented mandarin fish(Chouguiyu)was used to screen D4IPs and their formation mechanism was studied by metagenomics and peptidomics.A total of 400 D4IPs with DPP-IV inhibition structure and high hydrophobicity were identified.The correlation network map showed that Lactococcus,Bacillus,Lysobacter,Pelagivirga,Kocuria,Escherichia,Streptococcus,and Peptostreptococcus were significantly correlated with the most D4IPs.Four stable D4IPs,including KAGARALTDAETAT,GEKVDFDDIQK,VVDADEMYLKGK,and GQKDSYVGDEAQ were respectively from the precursor proteins parvalbumin,troponin,myosin,and actin,and were mainly formed by the hydrolysis of subtilisin(EC 3.4.21.62),aspartic proteinase(EC 3.4.23.1),thermolysin(EC 3.4.24.27),oligopeptidase B(EC 3.4.21.83),and proteinase P1(EC 3.4.21.96)from Bacillus,Kocuria,Lysobacter,Lactococcus,and Peptostreptococcus.The inhibition mainly resulted from the hydrogen bond and salt bridge between D4IPs and DPP-IV enzyme.This study provides important information on the proteases and related microbial strains to directionally prepare D4IPs in Chouguiyu.
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82130111)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81803716)+1 种基金the Qi-Huang Chief Scientist Project of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China(2020)the SIMM-SHUTCM Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Joint Research Program,China(Grant No.:E2G809H).
文摘Pheretima,also called“earthworms”,is a well-known animal-derived traditional Chinese medicine that is extensively used in over 50 Chinese patent medicines(CPMs)in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).However,its zoological origin is unclear,both in the herbal market and CPMs.In this study,a strategy for integrating in-house annotated protein databases constructed from close evolutionary relationship-sourced RNA sequencing data from public archival resources and various sequencing algorithms(restricted search,open search,and de novo)was developed to characterize the phenotype of natural peptides of three major commercial species of Pheretima,including Pheretima aspergillum(PA),Pheretima vulgaris(PV),and Metaphire magna(MM).We identified 10,477 natural peptides in the PA,7,451 in PV,and 5,896 in MM samples.Five specific signature peptides were screened and then validated using synthetic peptides;these demonstrated robust specificity for the authentication of PA,PV,and MM.Finally,all marker peptides were successfully applied to identify the zoological origins of Brain Heart capsules and Xiaohuoluo pills,revealing the inconsistent Pheretima species used in these CPMs.In conclusion,our integrated strategy could be used for the in-depth characterization of natural peptides of other animal-derived traditional Chinese medicines,especially non-model species with poorly annotated protein databases.
文摘Plasma concentration of Natriuretic Peptide (NP) is a valuable diagnostic tool for heart failure (HF). It can help rule out or confirm a diagnosis of HF based on symptoms, but its use is not clearly defined. NPs should be used in conjunction with physical examination and other diagnostic tests. However, it is important to note that several conditions besides the diagnosis of HF may cause NPs levels to be elevated. Additionally, there are situations when NP concentrations may be below diagnostic thresholds in [1]. This consensus statement aims to provide a straightforward diagnostic flowchart for clinicians in both the emergency department and outpatient settings to aid in diagnosing both acute and chronic HF. The diagnosis of acute HF can be ruled out with a BNP level of 100 pg/mL or NTproBNP level of 300 pg/mL, regardless of the patient’s age. To identify HF, a 3-level cut-off point based on the patient’s age is recommended. Chronic heart failure can be ruled out with a BNP level of 35 pg/mL or NTproBNP level of 125 pg/mL, regardless of thepatient’s age [1].
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1606400)Science and Technology Project of State Administration for Market Regulation(2021MK023)+1 种基金Hebei Province High-level Talent Funding Program(A201901008)Research Project of Hebei Administration for Market Regulation(2020ZD12)。
文摘The aim of this work was to develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of milk allergen and egg allergen in food products.Signature peptides GGLEPINFQTAADQAR,VGINYWLAHK,VLVLDTDYK,FFVAPFPEVFGK,and NAVPITPTLNR were confirmed and synthesized as the quantitative peptide of ovalbumin,α-lactalbumin,β-lactoglobulin,α_(S1)-casein andα_(S2)-casein,the relative isotope-labeled internal standards were used in the quantitative analysis.Linear range was in the range of0.5-5000.0 nmol/L for egg and milk allergen in bread,cake,cookie,rice crust and wheat flour samples with free from egg and milk,the limits of detection of milk allergens and egg allergen were in the range between0.94 mg/100 g and 56.71 mg/100 g,limits of quantification of milk allergens and egg allergen were in the range between 2.36 mg/100 g and 141.78 mg/100 g.The recoveries ranged from 76.7%to 122.8%,the relative standard deviations were in the range of 1.60%-15.60%.The developed method has been successfully used for the detection of egg and milk allergen in various food samples.
基金Supported by Ningxia Agricultural Reclamation Group Science and Technology Innovation ProjectNew Feed Technology Promotion Project of Ningxia Agriculture and Rural DepartmentNingxia Feed Industry Expert Technical Service Group Project。
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze effects of antimicrobial peptides added to the diet of Tan sheep on their production, slaughter performance and blood composition. [Methods] Ninety two four-month-old Tan sheep were randomly divided into two treatment groups according to their body weight, 46 in each group. The control check group(CK) was feed with conventional diet, and the experimental group was fed with the addition of antimicrobial peptide on the basis of the conventional diet, with the added amount of 2.5 g/sheep per day. The experimental period was 60 d. [Results] The incidence rate was 75.06% lower in the experimental group than in the CK. The average daily weight gain per sheep was 11.27% higher in the experimental group than in the CK(P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio was 8.45% lower in the experimental group than in the CK(P<0.05). The average daily gross profit per sheep was 12.12% higher in the experimental group than in the CK. For slaughter performance, the data difference of each item was not significant. The PH at 45 min and 24 h after slaughter was within the normal range of fresh mutton. The cooked meat percentage and water loss rate showed no significant differences(P>0.05). The marbling ranged from 2.45 to 2.50, indicating that the fat content was moderate, and the difference between groups was not significant(P>0.05). The flesh color ranged from 3.00 to 3.15, between light red and bright red, belonging to the normal color of mutton, and the difference between groups was not significant(P>0.05). The shear force was between 2.50 and 2.65, without a significant difference between groups(P>0.05). The white blood cells, lymphocytes and platelets in the experimental group were lower than those in the CK(P<0.01). The erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the erythrocyte group were higher than those in the CK(P<0.05). The neutrophils and monocytes in the experimental group were lower than those in the CK(P<0.05). [Conclusions] This study provides a technical basis for the rational use of antimicrobial peptides and their application in ruminants.
文摘This study discusses the composition analysis and comparison of Jaboticaba under different processing conditions for fermented liquid, jam, fruit powder, and fruit vinegar. The differences and comparison of the contents of total polyphenols, anthocyanins, resveratrol, superoxide dismutase, small molecular peptides and ellagic acid in their products were analyzed. After analysis and comparison of results, the content of total polyphenols was found to be the highest 44.82 ± 0.89 (mg/g) after being fermented directly from fresh fruit. The fresh fruit was dried at low temperature and ground into powder, with a maximum ellagic acid content of 12.799 ± 0.12 (mg/g). Fresh fruit was then made into jam, with the highest anthocyanin content of 57.39 ± 1.20 (mg/g). The fruit vinegar was produced by fermentation. Except for the content of small molecule peptides, which was similar to the content of fermentation broth and fruit powder, they were 20.63 ± 1.61, 23.84 ± 2.51 and 20.52 ± 1.21 (mg/g), and the rest of the composition was not as good as other samples. In the fresh fruit fermentation broth samples, resveratrol was produced and detected, and its content was 2.14 (mg/L), while it was not detected in other samples, and a superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like enzyme was detected in the fresh fruit fermentation broth. The highest activity was 49002.5 units/mL. Jaboticaba is prepared using a fermentation broth processing method with fresh fruit, and its total polyphenol content is higher than that of fruit powder, jam, and fruit vinegar. The commercial value of Jaboticaba and the establishment of composition content data are relatively improved, which is more promising for the future.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD2100402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81903275)the Fund of the Cultivation Project of Double First-Class Disciplines of Food Science and Engineering,Beijing Technology&Business University (BTBUYXTD202203)。
文摘Globally,the prevalence of anxiety and depression has reached epidemic proportions.Food-derived protein hydrolysates and peptides delivered through dietary supplementation can avoid the negative risks associated with traditional pharmaceuticals while delivering superior anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.This review summarizes current research on food-derived anxiolytic and antidepressant protein hydrolysates and peptides,and subsequently analyses their physicochemical characteristics and elaborates on their mechanisms.The aim of this work is to contribute to the in-depth study and provide a theoretical foundation for the development of related products to better serve patients with anxiety and depression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31901635)。
文摘The angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitory peptide NCW derived from Mizuhopecten yessoensis has been demonstrated to have significant in vivo anti-hypertensive effects,however,its anti-hypertensive mechanism is still not fully clarified.This study established a UPLC-Q-TRAP-MS/MS-based widely targeted kidney metabolomics approach to explore the changes of kidney metabolic profiles and to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of peptide NCW in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that the kidney metabolic profiles were clearly separated between the SHR-NCW and SHRUntreated groups.A total of 85 metabolites were differentially regulated,and 16 metabolites were identified as potential kidney biomarkers,e.g.,3-hydroxybutyrate,malonic acid,deoxycytidine,and L-aspartic acid.The peptide NCW might regulate kidney metabolic disorder of SHRs to alleviate hypertension by suppressing inflammation and improving nitric oxide production under the regulation of linoleic acid metabolism,folate related pathways,synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies,pyrimidine metabolism,β-alanine metabolism,and retinal metabolism.
