Rice paddies are unique waterlogged wetlands artificially constructed for agricultural production.Periphytic biofilms(PBs)at the soil–water interface play an important role in rice paddies characterized by high nutri...Rice paddies are unique waterlogged wetlands artificially constructed for agricultural production.Periphytic biofilms(PBs)at the soil–water interface play an important role in rice paddies characterized by high nutrient input but low utilization efficiency.PBs are composed of microbial aggregates,including a wide variety of microorganisms(algae,bacteria,fungi,protozoa,and metazoa),extracellular polymeric substances and minerals(iron,aluminum,and calcium),which form an integrated food web and energy flux within a relatively stable micro-ecosystem.PBs are crucial to regulate and streamline the nitrogen cycle by neutralizing nitrogen losses and improving rice production since PBs can serve as both a sink by capturing surplus nitrogen and a source by slowly re-releasing this nitrogen for reutilization.Here the ecological advantages of PBs in regulating the nitrogen cycle in rice paddies are illustrated.We summarize the key functional importance of PBs,including the intricate and delicate community structure,microbial interactions among individual phylotypes,a wide diversity of selfproduced organics,the active adaptation of PBs to constantly changing environments,and the intricate mechanisms by which PBs regulate the nitrogen cycle.We also identify the future challenges of microbial interspecific cooperation in PBs and their quantitative contributions to agricultural sustainability,optimizing nitrogen utilization and crop yields in rice paddies.展开更多
Stoichiometry plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles and can modulate soil nutrient availability and functions. In agricultural ecosystems,phosphorus(P) fertilizers(organic or chemical) are often applied to ach...Stoichiometry plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles and can modulate soil nutrient availability and functions. In agricultural ecosystems,phosphorus(P) fertilizers(organic or chemical) are often applied to achieve high crop yields. However, P is readily fixed by soil particles, leading to low P use efficiency. Therefore, understanding the role of carbon:nitrogen:P stoichiometries of soil and microorganisms in soil P transformation is of great significance for P management in agriculture. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent research on stoichiometry effect on soil P transformation in agricultural ecosystems. Soil microorganisms play an important role in the transformation of soil non-labile inorganic P to microbial biomass P by regulating microbial biomass stoichiometry. They also mobilize soil unavailable organic P into available P by changing ecoenzyme stoichiometry. Organic materials, such as manure and straw, play an important role in promoting the transformation of insoluble P into available P as well. Additionally, periphytic biofilms can reduce P loss from rice field ecosystems. Agricultural stoichiometries are different from those of natural ecosystems and thereby should receive more attention due to the influences of anthropogenic factors. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further stoichiometry research on the soil biochemical mechanisms underlying P transformation in agricultural ecosystems. In conclusion, understanding stoichiometry impact on soil P transformation is crucial for P management in agricultural ecosystems.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41825021 and 41961144010)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BE2020731)the Original Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-LY-DQC024).
文摘Rice paddies are unique waterlogged wetlands artificially constructed for agricultural production.Periphytic biofilms(PBs)at the soil–water interface play an important role in rice paddies characterized by high nutrient input but low utilization efficiency.PBs are composed of microbial aggregates,including a wide variety of microorganisms(algae,bacteria,fungi,protozoa,and metazoa),extracellular polymeric substances and minerals(iron,aluminum,and calcium),which form an integrated food web and energy flux within a relatively stable micro-ecosystem.PBs are crucial to regulate and streamline the nitrogen cycle by neutralizing nitrogen losses and improving rice production since PBs can serve as both a sink by capturing surplus nitrogen and a source by slowly re-releasing this nitrogen for reutilization.Here the ecological advantages of PBs in regulating the nitrogen cycle in rice paddies are illustrated.We summarize the key functional importance of PBs,including the intricate and delicate community structure,microbial interactions among individual phylotypes,a wide diversity of selfproduced organics,the active adaptation of PBs to constantly changing environments,and the intricate mechanisms by which PBs regulate the nitrogen cycle.We also identify the future challenges of microbial interspecific cooperation in PBs and their quantitative contributions to agricultural sustainability,optimizing nitrogen utilization and crop yields in rice paddies.
基金financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20230049)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277026)+2 种基金the 14th Five-Year Plan Innovation Program of the Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ISSASIP2201)the Major Science and Technology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(No.NMKJXM202009)the Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talents of Jiangsu,China(No.2022ZB533)。
文摘Stoichiometry plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles and can modulate soil nutrient availability and functions. In agricultural ecosystems,phosphorus(P) fertilizers(organic or chemical) are often applied to achieve high crop yields. However, P is readily fixed by soil particles, leading to low P use efficiency. Therefore, understanding the role of carbon:nitrogen:P stoichiometries of soil and microorganisms in soil P transformation is of great significance for P management in agriculture. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent research on stoichiometry effect on soil P transformation in agricultural ecosystems. Soil microorganisms play an important role in the transformation of soil non-labile inorganic P to microbial biomass P by regulating microbial biomass stoichiometry. They also mobilize soil unavailable organic P into available P by changing ecoenzyme stoichiometry. Organic materials, such as manure and straw, play an important role in promoting the transformation of insoluble P into available P as well. Additionally, periphytic biofilms can reduce P loss from rice field ecosystems. Agricultural stoichiometries are different from those of natural ecosystems and thereby should receive more attention due to the influences of anthropogenic factors. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further stoichiometry research on the soil biochemical mechanisms underlying P transformation in agricultural ecosystems. In conclusion, understanding stoichiometry impact on soil P transformation is crucial for P management in agricultural ecosystems.
