This study is based on research work conducted during 2008-2010 inDera Ismail Khan, KPK,Pakistan. The research area was extensively surveyed to investigate weed species. About 32 weed species, belonging to two monocot...This study is based on research work conducted during 2008-2010 inDera Ismail Khan, KPK,Pakistan. The research area was extensively surveyed to investigate weed species. About 32 weed species, belonging to two monocot and thirteen dicot families, were collected from the study area. Plants were identified with the help of available literature and by comparing with the already identified plant specimens of the herbarium ofQuaid-i-AzamUniversity,Islamabad,Pakistan. Data inventory constitutes botanical name, vernacular name, English name, family, and flowering and fruiting period. Phalarus minor, Rumax dentatus, and Chenopodium album were the dominant weeds in the study area having comparatively higher relative weed density. Weeds having tough competition with wheat crop for light, moisture, and nutrients adversely affect wheat production. Hence, a constant effort is needed to keep the weed population under control. Many methods of weed control and eradication have been devised but chemical control is the most effective one. However, it may have some environmental consequences if not handled properly.展开更多
This study was conducted to solve the problem of green weed control in wheat fields in Hetao irrigation area among the Yellow River.Based on the observation of the competition between wheat and weeds in areas where we...This study was conducted to solve the problem of green weed control in wheat fields in Hetao irrigation area among the Yellow River.Based on the observation of the competition between wheat and weeds in areas where weeds occurred seriously in wheat fields in Hetao irrigation area among the Yellow River,we measured the effects of green weed control measures and wheat yield using different wheat varieties,planting densities,different organic fertilizers,different ploughing times,and different mulching methods.The results showed that the emergence of weeds in wheat fields dominated by Chenopodiaceae weeds,grain amaranth and barnyard grass was more than 10 d later than wheat.Weeds were mainly distributed between rows(holes),and the number of plants accounted for 66.6%(drill seeding)and 97.6%(hole seeding),respectively.And the growth of weeds in rows(holes)was weaker,and the fresh weight of individual plants was 39.3%-41.9%lower than that between rows(holes).The ecological weed inhibitory effect was significant in the early stage of wheat growth;and among the green weed control measures,except that different varieties and planting densities caused no significant difference in weed control effect,other measures had obvious weed control effects.Comprehensive comparison showed that the control effects of plant number in black film full-covered hole seeding,conventional film-covered hole seeding,increasing ploughing times,and applying organic fertilizer free of weed seed pollution were 82.3%,71.7%,22.0%,and 8.6%,respectively;the fresh weight control effects of black film full-covered hole seeding,conventional film-covered hole seeding,increasing ploughing times,and applying organic fertilizer free of weed seed pollution were 98.0%,97.1%,23.9%,and 9.6%,respectively;and the fresh weight control effects of black film full-covered hole seeding,conventional film-covered hole seeding and increasing ploughing times increased wheat yield by 69.4%,56.4%and 21.1%,respectively.The technologies in this study can realize the purposes of mechanized green weed control in organic wheat production and low-cost,high-yield,large-scale production.展开更多
This paper probes on one of the famous parables of Jesus-the Wheat and Weeds, and demonstrates some implied meaning and morals connoted in it. Through an interesting contrast between the calm restraint of the househol...This paper probes on one of the famous parables of Jesus-the Wheat and Weeds, and demonstrates some implied meaning and morals connoted in it. Through an interesting contrast between the calm restraint of the householder and high anxi ety of his slaves, this parable suggests that people should stay calm and learn from God to be tolerate and lenient religiously to"let wheat and weeds grow together until the harvest". Meanwhile, God drops a subtle hint to seed wheat positively in stead of sug gesting people to remove weeds negatively.展开更多
Conservational tillage （CT） in combination with broad spectrum herbicide may be more efficient and economical in controlling weeds, reducing cost of cultivation, and enhancing wheat yield. Field experiments were car...Conservational tillage （CT） in combination with broad spectrum herbicide may be more efficient and economical in controlling weeds, reducing cost of cultivation, and enhancing wheat yield. Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of tillage and herbicides on weeds and wheat yield under rice-wheat cropping system （RWCS）. The results indicated that broad spectrum herbicides particularly, carfentrazone ethyl ester＋ isoproturon （Affinity 50 WDG） reduced weeds density by 93 and 95% compared to control and also produced the maximum grain yield （6 818 and 6 996 kg ha-l） and HI （harvest index, 44.7 and 44.6%） in 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons, respectively. The maximum weeds infestation and the lowest yield were recorded in control. Tillage methods significantly influenced grain yield and HI, while no significant effect on all other parameters. The overall mean yield was significantly higher in zero tillage （5 575 kg ha-l） and reduced tillage （5 584 kg ha-l） compared to CT （5 479 kg ha-^-1）. Besides increasing wheat yield, Affinity 50 WDG and zero tillage are important weed management practices that can be integrated into wheat production in RWCS. However, in case of perennial weeds or insect pests＇ infestation, CT in combination with Affinity 50 WDG would be more productive than conservation tillage.展开更多
A total of six experiments were conducted over a two-year period (2018, 2019) at the University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus to assess the efficacy of various herbicides applied postemergence (POST) for the control of c...A total of six experiments were conducted over a two-year period (2018, 2019) at the University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus to assess the efficacy of various herbicides applied postemergence (POST) for the control of common chickweed in winter wheat. Fluroxypyr/bromoxynil/MCPA, pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil,pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/fluroxypyr,pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone, pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone + MCPA ester, tolpyralate and fluroxypyr/halauxifen + MCPA EHE, applied POST, controlled common chickweed only 5% - 42% at 2 weeks after treatment (WAT) and 1% - 23% at 4 WAT and resulted in common chickweed density and biomass that was similar to non-treated weedy control. Fluroxypyr/halauxifen + pyroxsulam + MCPA EHE, applied POST, provided 57% - 82% control of common chickweed and reduced density 93% and biomass 98% compared to the non-treated control. Thifensulfuron/tribenuron, thifensulfuron/tribenuron + MCPA ester, thifensulfuron/tribenuron + fluroxypyr + MCPA ester, tribenuron + thiencarbazone, and tribenuron + thiencarbazone + MCPA ester, applied POST, controlled common chickweed 98% - 100% and reduced common chickweed density 96% - 98% and common chickweed biomass 99%. Based on these results, herbicide treatments which contained tribenuron including thifensulfuron/tribenuron, thifensulfuron/tribenuron + MCPA ester, thifensulfuron/tribenuron + fluroxypyr + MCPA ester, tribenuron + thiencarbazone, and tribenuron + thiencarbazone + MCPA ester were the most efficacious for the control of common chickweed in wheat. In addition, fluroxypyr/halauxifen + pyroxsulam + MCPA EHE, applied POST, can provide adequate control of common chickweed in winter wheat.展开更多
Weed competes with crops for water, nutrients and light so weed infestation is one of the major threats to crop. Present investigation was aimed to asses the comparative efficacy of different herbicides for weed manag...Weed competes with crops for water, nutrients and light so weed infestation is one of the major threats to crop. Present investigation was aimed to asses the comparative efficacy of different herbicides for weed management in wheat crop under agro-climatic conditions of Pakistan. This experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) design with five replications. Different herbicides were used for weed management in wheat crop. The post emergence application of herbicides included Aim 40 DF @ 0.02 kg a.i. ha-1, Agritop 500 GL-1 @ 0.43 kg a.i. ha-1, Isoproturon 50 WP @ 1 kg a.i. ha-1, Puma super 75 EW @ 0.75 kg, Topik 15 WP @ 0.04 kg and Buctril super 60 EC @ 0.45 kg. For comparison hand weeding and weedy check were also included. In each replication six treatments of these six herbicides were kept. The significantly affected parameters were fresh weed biomass (kg·ha-1), thousand grain weight (g), number of tillers m-2, weed control efficiency (%) and grain yield (kg·ha-1). Statistical analysis showed that maximum weed efficiency (84%) was recorded for Isoproturon 50 WP whereas minimum value (37%) was for Aim 40 DF. Similarly maximum number of tillers m-2 (250) was recorded for Isoproturon 50 WP and minimum (133) in weedy check. The herbicide Isoproturon 50 WP @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 was applied at post emergence performed well and exhibited effectively weed control and better yield in wheat.展开更多
为明确40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂在小麦田的应用技术,采用土壤喷雾法评价40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂对小麦田杂草的防除效果及对小麦的安全性。结果表明:40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂对小麦田杂草具有较好的防效,持效期达120 d以上,对禾本科杂草的防效优于对阔叶...为明确40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂在小麦田的应用技术,采用土壤喷雾法评价40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂对小麦田杂草的防除效果及对小麦的安全性。结果表明:40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂对小麦田杂草具有较好的防效,持效期达120 d以上,对禾本科杂草的防效优于对阔叶杂草的防效。施药后120 d,40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂150~360 g a.i./hm^(2)对禾本科杂草看麦娘和菵草的株防效和鲜重防效均大于95%,对阔叶杂草荠菜和牛繁缕的株防效分别为90.1%~96.3%和80.4%~85.5%,鲜重防效分别为93.6%~95.4%和83.2%~88.4%。40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂150~360 g a.i./hm^(2)对小麦出苗和生长安全,对小麦增产明显,增产率为16.3%~17.5%。40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂是防除小麦田杂草的优良除草剂,推荐施用剂量为150~180 g a.i./hm^(2),适宜施用时期为小麦播种后出苗前。展开更多
为探究封闭式除草剂苗后喷施对小麦生长和杂草的影响,以周麦22为试验材料,设置砜吡草唑用量125(T1)、250(T2)、500(T3)、1000(T4)、2000(T5)g a.i./hm^(2)和氟噻草胺用量184.5(T6)、369(T7)、738(T8)、1476(T9)g a.i./hm^(2)9个喷药处理...为探究封闭式除草剂苗后喷施对小麦生长和杂草的影响,以周麦22为试验材料,设置砜吡草唑用量125(T1)、250(T2)、500(T3)、1000(T4)、2000(T5)g a.i./hm^(2)和氟噻草胺用量184.5(T6)、369(T7)、738(T8)、1476(T9)g a.i./hm^(2)9个喷药处理和1个空白(清水)对照,研究不同除草剂对小麦光合特性、叶绿素SPAD值、光合有效辐射(IPAR)、叶面积指数(LAI)、鲜质量的影响及对杂草的化除效果。结果表明:T1、T6处理下小麦叶片的净光合速率高于对照,9个处理蒸腾速率均低于对照,T6、T1处理数值较大,气孔导度T1处理最大;胞间CO_(2)浓度T9处理最大,T1处理最小。在除草剂施用21 d时,T1处理SPAD值与对照差异有统计学意义。T1、T2、T3、T6、T7处理下,小麦IPAR和LAI均高于对照,且以T1处理下值最大,较对照分别增加18.37%、37.77%,T2次之。砜吡草唑施药剂量在125、250 g a.i./hm^(2)时(T1和T2)对小麦株高和鲜质量没有显著性影响;当剂量>250 g a.i./hm^(2)时,则会出现抑制症状,氟噻草胺不同用量小麦株高和鲜质量均受抑制。可见,T1和T2处理对小麦生长发育影响较小。T4、T5和T93个处理对所试杂草鲜质量防效均高于95%,T1和T62个处理对野燕麦的防效不明显。考虑到对小麦生长安全和用药成本,在对节节麦和野燕麦鲜质量防效达到50%~95%且对其余供试杂草鲜质量防效均高于95%的6个处理(T2、T3、T4、T5、T8、T9)中,推荐T2处理用于麦田苗后喷施。展开更多
Wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae)] is the staple diet of people in Pakistan. It is attacked by many types of pests. Therefore the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of climate change on the ecology and...Wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae)] is the staple diet of people in Pakistan. It is attacked by many types of pests. Therefore the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of climate change on the ecology and epidemiology of various wheat pests in Punjab, Pakistan. Results indicate that maximum weeds hot spots 242 (5.98%) Phalaris minor, 45 (1.18%) wild oat and 203 (5.01%) broad leaf weeds were noted in 2015. Aphid 31 (0.86%) hot spots were recorded in 2016 while maximum army worm 13 (0.26%) hot spots were noted in 2017. Maximum 70 (1.73%) spots of yellow rust and 85 (2.10%) hot spots of brown rust were observed during 2015 while 84 (4.16%) spots of loose smut were observed during 2017. ANOVA shows that years have no significant difference (P > 0.05) but weeks have significant effect on occurrence of these pest incidences except brown rust. But regression ANOVA was significant (P ≤ 0.05) and regression models equations have been developed on the bases of recorded data. Pest incidence was taken as dependent variable Y and weather factors i.e. minimum temperature as X1, maximum temperature as X2, relative humidity as X3 and rain fall as X4 were taken as independent variables. This study will help in recommendations for moving forward aiming at integration of biology of rust and smut diseases of wheat with changing climate for development of resistant varieties for resilient and durable management of these pathogens.展开更多
文摘This study is based on research work conducted during 2008-2010 inDera Ismail Khan, KPK,Pakistan. The research area was extensively surveyed to investigate weed species. About 32 weed species, belonging to two monocot and thirteen dicot families, were collected from the study area. Plants were identified with the help of available literature and by comparing with the already identified plant specimens of the herbarium ofQuaid-i-AzamUniversity,Islamabad,Pakistan. Data inventory constitutes botanical name, vernacular name, English name, family, and flowering and fruiting period. Phalarus minor, Rumax dentatus, and Chenopodium album were the dominant weeds in the study area having comparatively higher relative weed density. Weeds having tough competition with wheat crop for light, moisture, and nutrients adversely affect wheat production. Hence, a constant effort is needed to keep the weed population under control. Many methods of weed control and eradication have been devised but chemical control is the most effective one. However, it may have some environmental consequences if not handled properly.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Cooperation Project between Bayannaoer Academy of Agricultural and Animal Sciences and Bayannaoer Municipal Government(2020BCN886)2020 Science and Technology Major Special Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NMKJXM202013)Inner Mongolia"Grassland Talents"Engineering Team(CYYC2019-2-50).
文摘This study was conducted to solve the problem of green weed control in wheat fields in Hetao irrigation area among the Yellow River.Based on the observation of the competition between wheat and weeds in areas where weeds occurred seriously in wheat fields in Hetao irrigation area among the Yellow River,we measured the effects of green weed control measures and wheat yield using different wheat varieties,planting densities,different organic fertilizers,different ploughing times,and different mulching methods.The results showed that the emergence of weeds in wheat fields dominated by Chenopodiaceae weeds,grain amaranth and barnyard grass was more than 10 d later than wheat.Weeds were mainly distributed between rows(holes),and the number of plants accounted for 66.6%(drill seeding)and 97.6%(hole seeding),respectively.And the growth of weeds in rows(holes)was weaker,and the fresh weight of individual plants was 39.3%-41.9%lower than that between rows(holes).The ecological weed inhibitory effect was significant in the early stage of wheat growth;and among the green weed control measures,except that different varieties and planting densities caused no significant difference in weed control effect,other measures had obvious weed control effects.Comprehensive comparison showed that the control effects of plant number in black film full-covered hole seeding,conventional film-covered hole seeding,increasing ploughing times,and applying organic fertilizer free of weed seed pollution were 82.3%,71.7%,22.0%,and 8.6%,respectively;the fresh weight control effects of black film full-covered hole seeding,conventional film-covered hole seeding,increasing ploughing times,and applying organic fertilizer free of weed seed pollution were 98.0%,97.1%,23.9%,and 9.6%,respectively;and the fresh weight control effects of black film full-covered hole seeding,conventional film-covered hole seeding and increasing ploughing times increased wheat yield by 69.4%,56.4%and 21.1%,respectively.The technologies in this study can realize the purposes of mechanized green weed control in organic wheat production and low-cost,high-yield,large-scale production.
文摘This paper probes on one of the famous parables of Jesus-the Wheat and Weeds, and demonstrates some implied meaning and morals connoted in it. Through an interesting contrast between the calm restraint of the householder and high anxi ety of his slaves, this parable suggests that people should stay calm and learn from God to be tolerate and lenient religiously to"let wheat and weeds grow together until the harvest". Meanwhile, God drops a subtle hint to seed wheat positively in stead of sug gesting people to remove weeds negatively.
文摘Conservational tillage （CT） in combination with broad spectrum herbicide may be more efficient and economical in controlling weeds, reducing cost of cultivation, and enhancing wheat yield. Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of tillage and herbicides on weeds and wheat yield under rice-wheat cropping system （RWCS）. The results indicated that broad spectrum herbicides particularly, carfentrazone ethyl ester＋ isoproturon （Affinity 50 WDG） reduced weeds density by 93 and 95% compared to control and also produced the maximum grain yield （6 818 and 6 996 kg ha-l） and HI （harvest index, 44.7 and 44.6%） in 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons, respectively. The maximum weeds infestation and the lowest yield were recorded in control. Tillage methods significantly influenced grain yield and HI, while no significant effect on all other parameters. The overall mean yield was significantly higher in zero tillage （5 575 kg ha-l） and reduced tillage （5 584 kg ha-l） compared to CT （5 479 kg ha-^-1）. Besides increasing wheat yield, Affinity 50 WDG and zero tillage are important weed management practices that can be integrated into wheat production in RWCS. However, in case of perennial weeds or insect pests＇ infestation, CT in combination with Affinity 50 WDG would be more productive than conservation tillage.
文摘A total of six experiments were conducted over a two-year period (2018, 2019) at the University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus to assess the efficacy of various herbicides applied postemergence (POST) for the control of common chickweed in winter wheat. Fluroxypyr/bromoxynil/MCPA, pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil,pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/fluroxypyr,pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone, pyrasulfotole/bromoxynil/thiencarbazone + MCPA ester, tolpyralate and fluroxypyr/halauxifen + MCPA EHE, applied POST, controlled common chickweed only 5% - 42% at 2 weeks after treatment (WAT) and 1% - 23% at 4 WAT and resulted in common chickweed density and biomass that was similar to non-treated weedy control. Fluroxypyr/halauxifen + pyroxsulam + MCPA EHE, applied POST, provided 57% - 82% control of common chickweed and reduced density 93% and biomass 98% compared to the non-treated control. Thifensulfuron/tribenuron, thifensulfuron/tribenuron + MCPA ester, thifensulfuron/tribenuron + fluroxypyr + MCPA ester, tribenuron + thiencarbazone, and tribenuron + thiencarbazone + MCPA ester, applied POST, controlled common chickweed 98% - 100% and reduced common chickweed density 96% - 98% and common chickweed biomass 99%. Based on these results, herbicide treatments which contained tribenuron including thifensulfuron/tribenuron, thifensulfuron/tribenuron + MCPA ester, thifensulfuron/tribenuron + fluroxypyr + MCPA ester, tribenuron + thiencarbazone, and tribenuron + thiencarbazone + MCPA ester were the most efficacious for the control of common chickweed in wheat. In addition, fluroxypyr/halauxifen + pyroxsulam + MCPA EHE, applied POST, can provide adequate control of common chickweed in winter wheat.
文摘Weed competes with crops for water, nutrients and light so weed infestation is one of the major threats to crop. Present investigation was aimed to asses the comparative efficacy of different herbicides for weed management in wheat crop under agro-climatic conditions of Pakistan. This experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) design with five replications. Different herbicides were used for weed management in wheat crop. The post emergence application of herbicides included Aim 40 DF @ 0.02 kg a.i. ha-1, Agritop 500 GL-1 @ 0.43 kg a.i. ha-1, Isoproturon 50 WP @ 1 kg a.i. ha-1, Puma super 75 EW @ 0.75 kg, Topik 15 WP @ 0.04 kg and Buctril super 60 EC @ 0.45 kg. For comparison hand weeding and weedy check were also included. In each replication six treatments of these six herbicides were kept. The significantly affected parameters were fresh weed biomass (kg·ha-1), thousand grain weight (g), number of tillers m-2, weed control efficiency (%) and grain yield (kg·ha-1). Statistical analysis showed that maximum weed efficiency (84%) was recorded for Isoproturon 50 WP whereas minimum value (37%) was for Aim 40 DF. Similarly maximum number of tillers m-2 (250) was recorded for Isoproturon 50 WP and minimum (133) in weedy check. The herbicide Isoproturon 50 WP @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 was applied at post emergence performed well and exhibited effectively weed control and better yield in wheat.
文摘为明确40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂在小麦田的应用技术,采用土壤喷雾法评价40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂对小麦田杂草的防除效果及对小麦的安全性。结果表明:40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂对小麦田杂草具有较好的防效,持效期达120 d以上,对禾本科杂草的防效优于对阔叶杂草的防效。施药后120 d,40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂150~360 g a.i./hm^(2)对禾本科杂草看麦娘和菵草的株防效和鲜重防效均大于95%,对阔叶杂草荠菜和牛繁缕的株防效分别为90.1%~96.3%和80.4%~85.5%,鲜重防效分别为93.6%~95.4%和83.2%~88.4%。40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂150~360 g a.i./hm^(2)对小麦出苗和生长安全,对小麦增产明显,增产率为16.3%~17.5%。40%砜吡草唑悬浮剂是防除小麦田杂草的优良除草剂,推荐施用剂量为150~180 g a.i./hm^(2),适宜施用时期为小麦播种后出苗前。
文摘为探究封闭式除草剂苗后喷施对小麦生长和杂草的影响,以周麦22为试验材料,设置砜吡草唑用量125(T1)、250(T2)、500(T3)、1000(T4)、2000(T5)g a.i./hm^(2)和氟噻草胺用量184.5(T6)、369(T7)、738(T8)、1476(T9)g a.i./hm^(2)9个喷药处理和1个空白(清水)对照,研究不同除草剂对小麦光合特性、叶绿素SPAD值、光合有效辐射(IPAR)、叶面积指数(LAI)、鲜质量的影响及对杂草的化除效果。结果表明:T1、T6处理下小麦叶片的净光合速率高于对照,9个处理蒸腾速率均低于对照,T6、T1处理数值较大,气孔导度T1处理最大;胞间CO_(2)浓度T9处理最大,T1处理最小。在除草剂施用21 d时,T1处理SPAD值与对照差异有统计学意义。T1、T2、T3、T6、T7处理下,小麦IPAR和LAI均高于对照,且以T1处理下值最大,较对照分别增加18.37%、37.77%,T2次之。砜吡草唑施药剂量在125、250 g a.i./hm^(2)时(T1和T2)对小麦株高和鲜质量没有显著性影响;当剂量>250 g a.i./hm^(2)时,则会出现抑制症状,氟噻草胺不同用量小麦株高和鲜质量均受抑制。可见,T1和T2处理对小麦生长发育影响较小。T4、T5和T93个处理对所试杂草鲜质量防效均高于95%,T1和T62个处理对野燕麦的防效不明显。考虑到对小麦生长安全和用药成本,在对节节麦和野燕麦鲜质量防效达到50%~95%且对其余供试杂草鲜质量防效均高于95%的6个处理(T2、T3、T4、T5、T8、T9)中,推荐T2处理用于麦田苗后喷施。
文摘Wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae)] is the staple diet of people in Pakistan. It is attacked by many types of pests. Therefore the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of climate change on the ecology and epidemiology of various wheat pests in Punjab, Pakistan. Results indicate that maximum weeds hot spots 242 (5.98%) Phalaris minor, 45 (1.18%) wild oat and 203 (5.01%) broad leaf weeds were noted in 2015. Aphid 31 (0.86%) hot spots were recorded in 2016 while maximum army worm 13 (0.26%) hot spots were noted in 2017. Maximum 70 (1.73%) spots of yellow rust and 85 (2.10%) hot spots of brown rust were observed during 2015 while 84 (4.16%) spots of loose smut were observed during 2017. ANOVA shows that years have no significant difference (P > 0.05) but weeks have significant effect on occurrence of these pest incidences except brown rust. But regression ANOVA was significant (P ≤ 0.05) and regression models equations have been developed on the bases of recorded data. Pest incidence was taken as dependent variable Y and weather factors i.e. minimum temperature as X1, maximum temperature as X2, relative humidity as X3 and rain fall as X4 were taken as independent variables. This study will help in recommendations for moving forward aiming at integration of biology of rust and smut diseases of wheat with changing climate for development of resistant varieties for resilient and durable management of these pathogens.
