Objective:To explore the effect of community pharmacy services on rational medication use in elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes.Methods:Between November 2022 and December 2023,80 elderly patients with hyp...Objective:To explore the effect of community pharmacy services on rational medication use in elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes.Methods:Between November 2022 and December 2023,80 elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes were selected and randomly divided into a control group(routine medication guidance)and an observation group(community pharmacy services),with 40 subjects each.The medication effect scores,blood pressure,blood sugar levels,and quality of life scores before and after intervention were compared between the two groups.Results:Comparison of pharmaceutical knowledge,medication compliance,and safe medication behavior scores showed that the observation group had higher scores as compared to the control group(P<0.05);blood pressure(systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,heart rate)and blood sugar(fasting blood glucose,2 h postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin)index levels were compared,and the observation group’s index levels were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);the scores of physical health,mental health,social relationships,and environment in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Community pharmacy services improved the rational medication effect of elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes,and improved their blood pressure,blood sugar control levels,and quality of life.展开更多
Background: The last two decades have witnessed the advancement of accreditation of Chinese higher education, with pharmacy programs being one of the most important. The purpose of this research was to review and eluc...Background: The last two decades have witnessed the advancement of accreditation of Chinese higher education, with pharmacy programs being one of the most important. The purpose of this research was to review and elucidate the evolution of the pharmacy accreditation system in China. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane databases and Google Scholar and CKNI databases, the website of the Working Committee for the Accreditation of Medical Education, and related university websites. Search terms used with each database were “accreditation” AND “pharmacy” AND “China”. The search strategy was designed to identify studies that report pharmacy program accreditation in China. Results: The primary outcomes indicate that the timeline of current Chinese pharmacy accreditation can be divided into four distinct chronological periods. Conclusion: After two decades of evolution, the qualification of the pharmaceutical program in China has significantly advanced its committees, criteria, methods, and systems, though with areas for refinement. As China embarks upon the process of pharmacy accreditation, it is simultaneously drawing upon lessons from the developed world, as well as infusing the process with its own distinct cultural identity. To effectively tackle current issues in the field of pharmacy accreditation, a commitment to continual quality advancement is required.展开更多
Objective To summarize the main characteristics and development approaches of direct-to-patient(DTP)pharmacies,and to explore its future development trend.Methods Firstly,relevant policies of DTP pharmacies were sorte...Objective To summarize the main characteristics and development approaches of direct-to-patient(DTP)pharmacies,and to explore its future development trend.Methods Firstly,relevant policies of DTP pharmacies were sorted out based on some documents on the government website,and related articles were studied.Secondly,499 DTP pharmacies were investigated.Finally,the current status of the industry was summarized and analyzed.Results and Conclusion Policies on China’s DTP pharmacy have been constantly improved.According to industry standards,the current compliance rate of DTP pharmacies is about 46.09%.In terms of varieties,the market share concentration rate of biological products is higher than that of chemical drugs.The regional distribution of these drugs is mainly concentrated in the central and eastern provinces.However,63.45%of DTP pharmacies have less than 50 product specifications.DTP pharmacies have an average of 7.3 pharmacy technicians and 2.3 licensed pharmacists,which is higher than that of ordinary pharmacies.Due to the policy promotion,DTP pharmacies will be paid more attention by the public and the government,and the market share will become larger than before.Patients shifting from hospitals to drug-to-pharmacies can make them better layout.Besides,pharmaceutical services will become more specialized,and disease division will be more detailed.With the deepening of medical reform and the continuous improvement of national medical security as well as drug procurement and medical insurance payment methods,DTP pharmacies can play an important role in the national basic medical security system.展开更多
Talent training has been emphasized in China’s national development.Training an excellent pharmaceutical professional has far-reaching significance for promoting rational use of drugs,ensuring safe drug use,and impro...Talent training has been emphasized in China’s national development.Training an excellent pharmaceutical professional has far-reaching significance for promoting rational use of drugs,ensuring safe drug use,and improving the quality and safety of medical treatment.The internship program is an important part of a pharmacy major that serves to develop students’practical skills.In this paper,we propose a combination of outcome-based education(OBE)and case-based learning(CBL)in pharmacy internships to promote critical thinking and independent learning among students and ensure the sustainable development of pharmacy education.展开更多
Objective To provide a reference for promoting the construction of chronic disease management in community pharmacies in China.Methods Literature research and comparative research methods were used to analyze the mana...Objective To provide a reference for promoting the construction of chronic disease management in community pharmacies in China.Methods Literature research and comparative research methods were used to analyze the management of chronic disease carried out by community pharmacies in the United States and the United Kingdom.Results and Conclusion The management of chronic diseases in American and British community pharmacies has formed retail health clinic and online chronic disease mode.It is recommended that Chinese government should issue measures and supporting guidelines for the management of chronic diseases in community pharmacies as soon as possible.Community pharmacies should be encouraged to carry out chronic disease management with the concept of prudent inclusion and gradual progression.Meanwhile,the concentration of drug retail industry should be improved to carry out the systematic construction of chronic disease management and build a standardized chronic disease service process.Besides,community pharmacies should make full use of new technologies such as the Internet,cloud computing and big data,smart wearable devices,and chronic disease management Apps to explore and carry out online professional chronic disease management mode.展开更多
Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the correct interpretation by university students of internationally available pictograms and to assess the ability of the pictograms to convey the intended mes...Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the correct interpretation by university students of internationally available pictograms and to assess the ability of the pictograms to convey the intended messages. Aim: To compare the ability of pharmacy and non-pharmacy students to comprehend pharmaceutical pictograms. Method: Twenty eight internationally available (United States Pharmacopoeial Convention Inc. USP) pictograms were used throughout this study, which was conducted with 300 pharmacy and non-pharmacy students. Questionnaires included relevant questions, and participants were instructed to study the pictograms and write their interpretations. The American National Standards Institute requirement of 85% correctness criterion was used for correct interpretation. Differences between responses of the two groups were calculated using SPSS version 18 and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The majority of pharmacy (98%) and non-pharmacy (86%) students stated that pictograms should be included in medicine leaflet and they were helpful for all patients. Out of the 28 pictograms 7 (25%) and 2 (7.1%) of them achieved the ANSI requirement of 85% correctness criterion by pharmacy and non-pharmacy students respectively. Conclusion: Interventions to increase public awareness of the usefulness of pharmaceutical pictograms are needed.展开更多
Starting from the background and significance of the development and design of the network course of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy specialty formed by introducing Guangxi minority medicine,this paper discusses...Starting from the background and significance of the development and design of the network course of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy specialty formed by introducing Guangxi minority medicine,this paper discusses the teaching design scheme and module construction of the network course in the development process,and summarizes the design,production and construction experience of the network course.Through practice,the teaching effect and achievement of the network course of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy specialty formed by introducing Guangxi minority medicine are obvious.展开更多
Objective:to explore the development of drug counseling service,strengthen the quality of pharmacy service in outpatient pharmacy,better service to patients,promote harmonious relations between doctors and patients.Me...Objective:to explore the development of drug counseling service,strengthen the quality of pharmacy service in outpatient pharmacy,better service to patients,promote harmonious relations between doctors and patients.Methods:to analyze the necessity of drug consultation in outpatient pharmacy,in order to improve the quality of pharmacology service in outpatient pharmacy,we will discuss how to effectively provide drug counseling to improve the pharmacological service quality of outpatient pharmacy.Results:the implementation of the complete drug consultation process can effectively improve the quality of pharmaceutical work in outpatient pharmacy.Improve the patient's satisfaction with pharmaceutical work.Conclusion:with the perfection of the medical system,improving the quality of pharmaceutical service in outpatient service,and improving the quality of medical consultation,make it more systematic,normalization is important,only improving the quality of outpatient pharmacy service and strengthening the development of drug consultation work,to achieve the common progress of medical services.展开更多
Objective To explore the effect of applying pharmacy quality control circle to reduce the error rate of drug delivery in inpatient pharmacy,and to improve the service quality of inpatient pharmacy staff.Methods Accord...Objective To explore the effect of applying pharmacy quality control circle to reduce the error rate of drug delivery in inpatient pharmacy,and to improve the service quality of inpatient pharmacy staff.Methods According to the ten standardized steps of pharmaceutical product management and Gantt chart,fishbone diagram and Plato were used to analyze the causes of drug delivery errors in hospital pharmacies,to find countermeasures and confirm the implementation effect.Results and Conclusion The error rate was reduced from 52% before implementation to 27.8%,and the target achievement rate was 100%.The staff’s understanding and application ability of pharmaceutical product circle was further enhanced.The “Training Standard for Newcomers” has reference value for hospital inpatient pharmacies and it can be promoted continuously.Pharmaceutical quality control circle can improve the quality of pharmacy services in hospitals.展开更多
Recently,undergraduate and postgraduate pharmaceutical education systems have been changing greatly in Japan.In 2006,undergraduate pharmacist program was changed from 4 years course to 6 years course to train higher-q...Recently,undergraduate and postgraduate pharmaceutical education systems have been changing greatly in Japan.In 2006,undergraduate pharmacist program was changed from 4 years course to 6 years course to train higher-quality pharmacists who can deal with the changes in the progression of medical technology and meet social demands for medication safety[1].As a postgraduate training system,pharmacy residency system was started in several hospital in 2002,and around 35 hospitals have pharmacy residency system at 2015[2].展开更多
Objective: Like their urban counterparts, rural populations are experiencing increased health risks due to chronic disease. However, disease management is more problematic due to isolation, increased difficulty in get...Objective: Like their urban counterparts, rural populations are experiencing increased health risks due to chronic disease. However, disease management is more problematic due to isolation, increased difficulty in getting to medical appointments, and reduced numbers of medical personnel. We undertook a pilot study to investigate the feasibility and utility of health coaching for rural residents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) from a local pharmacy. Methods: Using the pharmacy database to identify qualified individuals, a nursing student recruited four individuals aged 40 - 79, with a history of DM2 of 3 - 15 years, to participate in the pilot project. Individual in-person interviews were conducted to identify specific goals to effectively self-manage their condition and to rate their confidence in their ability to fulfill these goals. Three monthly sessions were held to review and update goals, and to record blood pressure, waist circumference and weight measurements. Results: At the end of the study, all four achieved success in reaching and maintaining their personal dietary and physical activity goals. Significantly, all participants expressed increased confidence in their ability to self-manage their diabetes after health coaching. Conclusion: The provision of health coaching services from local pharmacies has potential to support rural clients in chronic disease management in medically under-serviced rural areas.展开更多
In Saudi Arabia community pharmacies by law, be owned and managed by pharmacists. Although these two functions seemed to be the same but in reality, they are not. Some studies showed that in community pharmacy manager...In Saudi Arabia community pharmacies by law, be owned and managed by pharmacists. Although these two functions seemed to be the same but in reality, they are not. Some studies showed that in community pharmacy managerial functions account for more than 50% of total routine and critical activity for all managerial position surveyed while other study showed that only 13.6% of the pharmacist’s time spent in administrative activities. This article addressed the role of the pharmacist as manager and the way in which he/she manages the pharmacy to ensure optimum productivity. The main part of this review discussed the managerial role of pharmacist in management of human resources, financial resources, marketing, inventory, information resources and space management of the pharmacy. Additionally, the management process, professional skills of managers, development of managerial skills, problems in management process and their resolution were also discussed. In addition to management functions which also include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling processes. The author concluded that the skills of pharmacy managers may vary because of the lack of formalized management training programs. To bridges a gap in management education, interested pharmacists should be encouraged to shift their career goals from professional to pharmacy administration. In addition, expansion of curricula in pharmacy management to include management training of highest possible caliber in managerial skills is highly demanded. Formalized management training programs for those involved in community pharmacy practice are also warranted.展开更多
Background: As pharmacists continue to transition into the provision of public health care, physical assessment and disease screening will become part of their everyday practice, in a similar manner that it has been f...Background: As pharmacists continue to transition into the provision of public health care, physical assessment and disease screening will become part of their everyday practice, in a similar manner that it has been for doctors and nurses. Objective: The aim was to describe the health assessment of undergraduate curricula across three disciplines involved in public health care and to explore the students’ perceived training in a variety of health assessments. Method: Instructors of courses related to health assessment in medicine, nursing, and pharmacy colleges in Qatar were invited to participate in the curriculum review process. Students’ perceived training in a variety of health assessments was assessed using a self-administered survey. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the survey responses. Results: A narrative description for the similarities and differences in the health assessment curricula across the three colleges was provided. Blood pressure, heart rate, and heart sounds were the health assessments that almost all students received training on, although there were differences in where the training was delivered. The health assessments that the students perceived having received least training on were measuring bone mineral density, blood cholesterol and international normalized ratio reported by only 37%, 41% and 44% of students, respectively. Conclusion: The study identified a close alignment between each of the health discipline’s scope of practice and the health assessment content taught in each individual program. It also identified possible curricular gaps towards learning the skills of patient assessment that may need to be addressed.展开更多
Objectives: 1) To demonstrate that education outreach in public schools by students in pharmacy education programs is effective at increasing knowledge of important health topics;2) To assess subject attitude towards ...Objectives: 1) To demonstrate that education outreach in public schools by students in pharmacy education programs is effective at increasing knowledge of important health topics;2) To assess subject attitude towards pharmacy careers after education outreach. Study: A lecture was constructed providing participants with information about careers in pharmacy, diabetes, and information about health literacy. A multiple choice paper-based quiz covering the presented content both preceded and followed each delivery of the lecture. Increases in post-lecture scores of content-knowledge questions were seen in 10 of 11 questions, which indicated an overall increased knowledge from baseline. An additional question, which gauged student interest in pharmacy careers, showed a 10% increase in those who indicated they considered pharmacy as a career. Conclusions: The lectures, delivered by a student pharmacist, were effective in increasing awareness and knowledge of pharmacy as a career, diabetes as an important health issue, and health literacy as a problem pharmacists and other healthcare providers encounter on a daily basis.展开更多
A questionnaire survey was conducted employing pharmacists at 350 Japanese Federation of Democratic Medical Institutions (Min-Iren) member pharmacies, evaluating the challenges related to registering as a Health Suppo...A questionnaire survey was conducted employing pharmacists at 350 Japanese Federation of Democratic Medical Institutions (Min-Iren) member pharmacies, evaluating the challenges related to registering as a Health Support Pharmacy (HSP). Completed responses were received from 193 pharmacies (55.1%). Fifty-five (28.5%) of these pharmacies were approved as meeting the HSP criteria. Some difficulties encountered in registering as an HSP included the preparation of the numerous required documents and placing a health support pharmacist. The obstacles that prevented pharmacists from registering were physical, including “placement of two or more health support pharmacists” and “placement of the required over-the-counter drugs (OTCs).” Based on these, 51.8% of supervising pharmacists stated the opinion that the government should “loosen current criteria.” However, a survey conducted among the 724 participant pharmacists, working in a pharmacy, showed no significant difference in their answering tendencies depending on whether or not they worked at an HSP. This could be attributed to the effort that Min- Iren pharmacies have been putting into health support and primary care functions. Overall, 64.5% of pharmacists working at HSPs were proud that the pharmacy they worked had HSP status. The present survey revealed the physical obstacles of HSP registration. Conformity to the criteria of HSP is essential for performing their fundamental functions as pharmacies. The relaxation of the criteria is anticipated.展开更多
Pharmacy is an interdisciplinary field of science, which covers the knowledge of fate of drugs (pharmacons), excipients and formulated pharmaceutical products outside and inside the body. Separation of pharmacy as a s...Pharmacy is an interdisciplinary field of science, which covers the knowledge of fate of drugs (pharmacons), excipients and formulated pharmaceutical products outside and inside the body. Separation of pharmacy as a separate entity of medicine is dated back to the ninth century.[1] The trend toward specialization was later reinforced by a law enacted by the German Emperor Frederic II at the beginning of the thirteenth century.[2] Since these early times pharmacy underwent a continuous and intense development.展开更多
Objective To improve the quality of pharmacy service in private hospitals on the background of the fact that hospital pharmacy service is an important guarantee to promote rational drug use and the government encourag...Objective To improve the quality of pharmacy service in private hospitals on the background of the fact that hospital pharmacy service is an important guarantee to promote rational drug use and the government encourages social capital to enter the field of pharmacy and healthcare, therefore, private hospitals are facing a new stage of development. Methods Questionnaire survey was used to sample and analyze 10 representative private hospitals in local area, and comparisons were made with the status of pharmacy service in level 3 public hospitals. Results and Conclusion It can be found that private hospitals have many problems in pharmacy services, such as the low level of professional skills of pharmaceutical personnel, low recognition and trust from patients, and the imperfect pharmaceutical management system. Some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to promote the level of pharmacy services in private hospitals on the basis of this study.展开更多
Objective To study the cognition and demand of pharmacy services in hospitals from the views of doctors,pharmacists and patients and to provide references for improving the quality of pharmacy services.Methods 3 level...Objective To study the cognition and demand of pharmacy services in hospitals from the views of doctors,pharmacists and patients and to provide references for improving the quality of pharmacy services.Methods 3 level 2 hospitals and 3 level 3 hospitals in Beijing were selected and questionnaires for doctors,pharmacists and patients were distributed and collected.Results and Conclusion Cognitively speaking,69.85% of doctors and 75.36% of pharmacists believe that pharmacy services are necessary,and 81.1% of patients believe it is helpful for pharmacists being involved in the process of treatment plans.Doctors and pharmacists themselves believe that the current pharmacist’s service ability is still insufficient,mainly due to the lack of clinical knowledge and the knowledge of medication combination.In terms of demand,doctors and patients have higher demand for pharmacy services,which is mainly involved in designing patient treatment plans,providing drug information and giving medication advice,and providing medication counseling.Doctors,pharmacists and patients all recognize and support the development of pharmacy services.However,in the understanding of the meaning of pharmacy services,doctors are better than pharmacists.Doctors and patients have greater demand for pharmacy services,but the supply of pharmacy services is still far from enough.It is recommended to strengthen the construction of related systems,incorporate pharmacy service work into hospital performance appraisal;attach importance to pharmacy professional talent training,improve pharmacy service ability,explore new hospital pharmacy service mode and to promote hospital pharmacy development.展开更多
A series of pharmacy services of clinical pharmacists at the Wuhan Mental Health Center during the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),such as participation in the formulation of COVID-19 pr...A series of pharmacy services of clinical pharmacists at the Wuhan Mental Health Center during the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),such as participation in the formulation of COVID-19 prevention and treatment plans suitable for psychiatric departments,popular science of pharmacy,medical order review,real-time intervention,and medication education are summarized here.Due to the sudden public health incident,the service model of psychiatric clinical pharmacists should be addressed,as clinical pharmacists are an important part of the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric diseases.Among the majors currently available in the clinical pharmacy training base curriculum,no psychiatry major has been set up in China yet;therefore,in this paper,we provide guidance in psychiatry pharmacy for those who wish to integrate clinical teams.展开更多
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of community pharmacy services on rational medication use in elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes.Methods:Between November 2022 and December 2023,80 elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes were selected and randomly divided into a control group(routine medication guidance)and an observation group(community pharmacy services),with 40 subjects each.The medication effect scores,blood pressure,blood sugar levels,and quality of life scores before and after intervention were compared between the two groups.Results:Comparison of pharmaceutical knowledge,medication compliance,and safe medication behavior scores showed that the observation group had higher scores as compared to the control group(P<0.05);blood pressure(systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,heart rate)and blood sugar(fasting blood glucose,2 h postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin)index levels were compared,and the observation group’s index levels were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);the scores of physical health,mental health,social relationships,and environment in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Community pharmacy services improved the rational medication effect of elderly patients with hypertension and diabetes,and improved their blood pressure,blood sugar control levels,and quality of life.
文摘Background: The last two decades have witnessed the advancement of accreditation of Chinese higher education, with pharmacy programs being one of the most important. The purpose of this research was to review and elucidate the evolution of the pharmacy accreditation system in China. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane databases and Google Scholar and CKNI databases, the website of the Working Committee for the Accreditation of Medical Education, and related university websites. Search terms used with each database were “accreditation” AND “pharmacy” AND “China”. The search strategy was designed to identify studies that report pharmacy program accreditation in China. Results: The primary outcomes indicate that the timeline of current Chinese pharmacy accreditation can be divided into four distinct chronological periods. Conclusion: After two decades of evolution, the qualification of the pharmaceutical program in China has significantly advanced its committees, criteria, methods, and systems, though with areas for refinement. As China embarks upon the process of pharmacy accreditation, it is simultaneously drawing upon lessons from the developed world, as well as infusing the process with its own distinct cultural identity. To effectively tackle current issues in the field of pharmacy accreditation, a commitment to continual quality advancement is required.
文摘Objective To summarize the main characteristics and development approaches of direct-to-patient(DTP)pharmacies,and to explore its future development trend.Methods Firstly,relevant policies of DTP pharmacies were sorted out based on some documents on the government website,and related articles were studied.Secondly,499 DTP pharmacies were investigated.Finally,the current status of the industry was summarized and analyzed.Results and Conclusion Policies on China’s DTP pharmacy have been constantly improved.According to industry standards,the current compliance rate of DTP pharmacies is about 46.09%.In terms of varieties,the market share concentration rate of biological products is higher than that of chemical drugs.The regional distribution of these drugs is mainly concentrated in the central and eastern provinces.However,63.45%of DTP pharmacies have less than 50 product specifications.DTP pharmacies have an average of 7.3 pharmacy technicians and 2.3 licensed pharmacists,which is higher than that of ordinary pharmacies.Due to the policy promotion,DTP pharmacies will be paid more attention by the public and the government,and the market share will become larger than before.Patients shifting from hospitals to drug-to-pharmacies can make them better layout.Besides,pharmaceutical services will become more specialized,and disease division will be more detailed.With the deepening of medical reform and the continuous improvement of national medical security as well as drug procurement and medical insurance payment methods,DTP pharmacies can play an important role in the national basic medical security system.
文摘Talent training has been emphasized in China’s national development.Training an excellent pharmaceutical professional has far-reaching significance for promoting rational use of drugs,ensuring safe drug use,and improving the quality and safety of medical treatment.The internship program is an important part of a pharmacy major that serves to develop students’practical skills.In this paper,we propose a combination of outcome-based education(OBE)and case-based learning(CBL)in pharmacy internships to promote critical thinking and independent learning among students and ensure the sustainable development of pharmacy education.
文摘Objective To provide a reference for promoting the construction of chronic disease management in community pharmacies in China.Methods Literature research and comparative research methods were used to analyze the management of chronic disease carried out by community pharmacies in the United States and the United Kingdom.Results and Conclusion The management of chronic diseases in American and British community pharmacies has formed retail health clinic and online chronic disease mode.It is recommended that Chinese government should issue measures and supporting guidelines for the management of chronic diseases in community pharmacies as soon as possible.Community pharmacies should be encouraged to carry out chronic disease management with the concept of prudent inclusion and gradual progression.Meanwhile,the concentration of drug retail industry should be improved to carry out the systematic construction of chronic disease management and build a standardized chronic disease service process.Besides,community pharmacies should make full use of new technologies such as the Internet,cloud computing and big data,smart wearable devices,and chronic disease management Apps to explore and carry out online professional chronic disease management mode.
文摘Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the correct interpretation by university students of internationally available pictograms and to assess the ability of the pictograms to convey the intended messages. Aim: To compare the ability of pharmacy and non-pharmacy students to comprehend pharmaceutical pictograms. Method: Twenty eight internationally available (United States Pharmacopoeial Convention Inc. USP) pictograms were used throughout this study, which was conducted with 300 pharmacy and non-pharmacy students. Questionnaires included relevant questions, and participants were instructed to study the pictograms and write their interpretations. The American National Standards Institute requirement of 85% correctness criterion was used for correct interpretation. Differences between responses of the two groups were calculated using SPSS version 18 and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The majority of pharmacy (98%) and non-pharmacy (86%) students stated that pictograms should be included in medicine leaflet and they were helpful for all patients. Out of the 28 pictograms 7 (25%) and 2 (7.1%) of them achieved the ANSI requirement of 85% correctness criterion by pharmacy and non-pharmacy students respectively. Conclusion: Interventions to increase public awareness of the usefulness of pharmaceutical pictograms are needed.
基金the"13 th Five-year"Plan Project of Guangxi Educational Science(2017B089).
文摘Starting from the background and significance of the development and design of the network course of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy specialty formed by introducing Guangxi minority medicine,this paper discusses the teaching design scheme and module construction of the network course in the development process,and summarizes the design,production and construction experience of the network course.Through practice,the teaching effect and achievement of the network course of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy specialty formed by introducing Guangxi minority medicine are obvious.
文摘Objective:to explore the development of drug counseling service,strengthen the quality of pharmacy service in outpatient pharmacy,better service to patients,promote harmonious relations between doctors and patients.Methods:to analyze the necessity of drug consultation in outpatient pharmacy,in order to improve the quality of pharmacology service in outpatient pharmacy,we will discuss how to effectively provide drug counseling to improve the pharmacological service quality of outpatient pharmacy.Results:the implementation of the complete drug consultation process can effectively improve the quality of pharmaceutical work in outpatient pharmacy.Improve the patient's satisfaction with pharmaceutical work.Conclusion:with the perfection of the medical system,improving the quality of pharmaceutical service in outpatient service,and improving the quality of medical consultation,make it more systematic,normalization is important,only improving the quality of outpatient pharmacy service and strengthening the development of drug consultation work,to achieve the common progress of medical services.
文摘Objective To explore the effect of applying pharmacy quality control circle to reduce the error rate of drug delivery in inpatient pharmacy,and to improve the service quality of inpatient pharmacy staff.Methods According to the ten standardized steps of pharmaceutical product management and Gantt chart,fishbone diagram and Plato were used to analyze the causes of drug delivery errors in hospital pharmacies,to find countermeasures and confirm the implementation effect.Results and Conclusion The error rate was reduced from 52% before implementation to 27.8%,and the target achievement rate was 100%.The staff’s understanding and application ability of pharmaceutical product circle was further enhanced.The “Training Standard for Newcomers” has reference value for hospital inpatient pharmacies and it can be promoted continuously.Pharmaceutical quality control circle can improve the quality of pharmacy services in hospitals.
文摘Recently,undergraduate and postgraduate pharmaceutical education systems have been changing greatly in Japan.In 2006,undergraduate pharmacist program was changed from 4 years course to 6 years course to train higher-quality pharmacists who can deal with the changes in the progression of medical technology and meet social demands for medication safety[1].As a postgraduate training system,pharmacy residency system was started in several hospital in 2002,and around 35 hospitals have pharmacy residency system at 2015[2].
文摘Objective: Like their urban counterparts, rural populations are experiencing increased health risks due to chronic disease. However, disease management is more problematic due to isolation, increased difficulty in getting to medical appointments, and reduced numbers of medical personnel. We undertook a pilot study to investigate the feasibility and utility of health coaching for rural residents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) from a local pharmacy. Methods: Using the pharmacy database to identify qualified individuals, a nursing student recruited four individuals aged 40 - 79, with a history of DM2 of 3 - 15 years, to participate in the pilot project. Individual in-person interviews were conducted to identify specific goals to effectively self-manage their condition and to rate their confidence in their ability to fulfill these goals. Three monthly sessions were held to review and update goals, and to record blood pressure, waist circumference and weight measurements. Results: At the end of the study, all four achieved success in reaching and maintaining their personal dietary and physical activity goals. Significantly, all participants expressed increased confidence in their ability to self-manage their diabetes after health coaching. Conclusion: The provision of health coaching services from local pharmacies has potential to support rural clients in chronic disease management in medically under-serviced rural areas.
文摘In Saudi Arabia community pharmacies by law, be owned and managed by pharmacists. Although these two functions seemed to be the same but in reality, they are not. Some studies showed that in community pharmacy managerial functions account for more than 50% of total routine and critical activity for all managerial position surveyed while other study showed that only 13.6% of the pharmacist’s time spent in administrative activities. This article addressed the role of the pharmacist as manager and the way in which he/she manages the pharmacy to ensure optimum productivity. The main part of this review discussed the managerial role of pharmacist in management of human resources, financial resources, marketing, inventory, information resources and space management of the pharmacy. Additionally, the management process, professional skills of managers, development of managerial skills, problems in management process and their resolution were also discussed. In addition to management functions which also include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling processes. The author concluded that the skills of pharmacy managers may vary because of the lack of formalized management training programs. To bridges a gap in management education, interested pharmacists should be encouraged to shift their career goals from professional to pharmacy administration. In addition, expansion of curricula in pharmacy management to include management training of highest possible caliber in managerial skills is highly demanded. Formalized management training programs for those involved in community pharmacy practice are also warranted.
文摘Background: As pharmacists continue to transition into the provision of public health care, physical assessment and disease screening will become part of their everyday practice, in a similar manner that it has been for doctors and nurses. Objective: The aim was to describe the health assessment of undergraduate curricula across three disciplines involved in public health care and to explore the students’ perceived training in a variety of health assessments. Method: Instructors of courses related to health assessment in medicine, nursing, and pharmacy colleges in Qatar were invited to participate in the curriculum review process. Students’ perceived training in a variety of health assessments was assessed using a self-administered survey. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the survey responses. Results: A narrative description for the similarities and differences in the health assessment curricula across the three colleges was provided. Blood pressure, heart rate, and heart sounds were the health assessments that almost all students received training on, although there were differences in where the training was delivered. The health assessments that the students perceived having received least training on were measuring bone mineral density, blood cholesterol and international normalized ratio reported by only 37%, 41% and 44% of students, respectively. Conclusion: The study identified a close alignment between each of the health discipline’s scope of practice and the health assessment content taught in each individual program. It also identified possible curricular gaps towards learning the skills of patient assessment that may need to be addressed.
文摘Objectives: 1) To demonstrate that education outreach in public schools by students in pharmacy education programs is effective at increasing knowledge of important health topics;2) To assess subject attitude towards pharmacy careers after education outreach. Study: A lecture was constructed providing participants with information about careers in pharmacy, diabetes, and information about health literacy. A multiple choice paper-based quiz covering the presented content both preceded and followed each delivery of the lecture. Increases in post-lecture scores of content-knowledge questions were seen in 10 of 11 questions, which indicated an overall increased knowledge from baseline. An additional question, which gauged student interest in pharmacy careers, showed a 10% increase in those who indicated they considered pharmacy as a career. Conclusions: The lectures, delivered by a student pharmacist, were effective in increasing awareness and knowledge of pharmacy as a career, diabetes as an important health issue, and health literacy as a problem pharmacists and other healthcare providers encounter on a daily basis.
文摘A questionnaire survey was conducted employing pharmacists at 350 Japanese Federation of Democratic Medical Institutions (Min-Iren) member pharmacies, evaluating the challenges related to registering as a Health Support Pharmacy (HSP). Completed responses were received from 193 pharmacies (55.1%). Fifty-five (28.5%) of these pharmacies were approved as meeting the HSP criteria. Some difficulties encountered in registering as an HSP included the preparation of the numerous required documents and placing a health support pharmacist. The obstacles that prevented pharmacists from registering were physical, including “placement of two or more health support pharmacists” and “placement of the required over-the-counter drugs (OTCs).” Based on these, 51.8% of supervising pharmacists stated the opinion that the government should “loosen current criteria.” However, a survey conducted among the 724 participant pharmacists, working in a pharmacy, showed no significant difference in their answering tendencies depending on whether or not they worked at an HSP. This could be attributed to the effort that Min- Iren pharmacies have been putting into health support and primary care functions. Overall, 64.5% of pharmacists working at HSPs were proud that the pharmacy they worked had HSP status. The present survey revealed the physical obstacles of HSP registration. Conformity to the criteria of HSP is essential for performing their fundamental functions as pharmacies. The relaxation of the criteria is anticipated.
文摘Pharmacy is an interdisciplinary field of science, which covers the knowledge of fate of drugs (pharmacons), excipients and formulated pharmaceutical products outside and inside the body. Separation of pharmacy as a separate entity of medicine is dated back to the ninth century.[1] The trend toward specialization was later reinforced by a law enacted by the German Emperor Frederic II at the beginning of the thirteenth century.[2] Since these early times pharmacy underwent a continuous and intense development.
文摘Objective To improve the quality of pharmacy service in private hospitals on the background of the fact that hospital pharmacy service is an important guarantee to promote rational drug use and the government encourages social capital to enter the field of pharmacy and healthcare, therefore, private hospitals are facing a new stage of development. Methods Questionnaire survey was used to sample and analyze 10 representative private hospitals in local area, and comparisons were made with the status of pharmacy service in level 3 public hospitals. Results and Conclusion It can be found that private hospitals have many problems in pharmacy services, such as the low level of professional skills of pharmaceutical personnel, low recognition and trust from patients, and the imperfect pharmaceutical management system. Some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to promote the level of pharmacy services in private hospitals on the basis of this study.
文摘Objective To study the cognition and demand of pharmacy services in hospitals from the views of doctors,pharmacists and patients and to provide references for improving the quality of pharmacy services.Methods 3 level 2 hospitals and 3 level 3 hospitals in Beijing were selected and questionnaires for doctors,pharmacists and patients were distributed and collected.Results and Conclusion Cognitively speaking,69.85% of doctors and 75.36% of pharmacists believe that pharmacy services are necessary,and 81.1% of patients believe it is helpful for pharmacists being involved in the process of treatment plans.Doctors and pharmacists themselves believe that the current pharmacist’s service ability is still insufficient,mainly due to the lack of clinical knowledge and the knowledge of medication combination.In terms of demand,doctors and patients have higher demand for pharmacy services,which is mainly involved in designing patient treatment plans,providing drug information and giving medication advice,and providing medication counseling.Doctors,pharmacists and patients all recognize and support the development of pharmacy services.However,in the understanding of the meaning of pharmacy services,doctors are better than pharmacists.Doctors and patients have greater demand for pharmacy services,but the supply of pharmacy services is still far from enough.It is recommended to strengthen the construction of related systems,incorporate pharmacy service work into hospital performance appraisal;attach importance to pharmacy professional talent training,improve pharmacy service ability,explore new hospital pharmacy service mode and to promote hospital pharmacy development.
基金Projects supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project Number 81771445).
文摘A series of pharmacy services of clinical pharmacists at the Wuhan Mental Health Center during the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),such as participation in the formulation of COVID-19 prevention and treatment plans suitable for psychiatric departments,popular science of pharmacy,medical order review,real-time intervention,and medication education are summarized here.Due to the sudden public health incident,the service model of psychiatric clinical pharmacists should be addressed,as clinical pharmacists are an important part of the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric diseases.Among the majors currently available in the clinical pharmacy training base curriculum,no psychiatry major has been set up in China yet;therefore,in this paper,we provide guidance in psychiatry pharmacy for those who wish to integrate clinical teams.
