It＇s the main trend of the development of international pharmaceutical education to cultivate professionals with the capability of pharmaceutical service by professional degree education. Clinical pharmacy rotation p...It＇s the main trend of the development of international pharmaceutical education to cultivate professionals with the capability of pharmaceutical service by professional degree education. Clinical pharmacy rotation practice, named officially as ＂Advanced clinical pharmacy practice＂ at our school, is specific to our master of pharmacy （M. Pharm） graduate students for clinical pharmacy practice training in multiple clinical departments in hospitals. It is meaningful for the education reform of clinical pharmacy to evaluate the outcome of clinical pharmacy rotation practice. Questionnaire was developed based on the Teaching Guide To Advanced Clinical Pharmacy Practice and its related record forms. The practice outcomes of clinical rotation practice in the first two years for M. Pharm graduate students were assessed using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Results showed that the teaching effect of clinical pharmacy practice was at the ＂excellent＂ level. The evaluation scores of Grade 2011 and Grade 2012 were 90.60 （excellent） and 91.83 （excellent） respectively, while the overall score was 91.29 （excellent）. Students showed excellent skills and have met the requirements of the teaching guide after practice. There are somethings to improve in clinical rotation practice teaching. This study will provide important information for our school and the nation to achieve teaching reform in M. Pharm education of clinical pharmacy.展开更多
In order to carry out the comprehensive reform of the professional master’s degree training mode of clinical pharmacy, we carried out interviews among 91 persons on the professional master’s degree of clinical pharm...In order to carry out the comprehensive reform of the professional master’s degree training mode of clinical pharmacy, we carried out interviews among 91 persons on the professional master’s degree of clinical pharmacy in Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and collected extensive feedback. We preliminaries explore the mode of Doctor of Pharmacy（Pharm. D.） Education, laying the foundation for Doctor’s education of professional clinical pharmacy in China. We conducted investigations and interviews among 91 clinical pharmacists and students of Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences on the training of professional master’s degree and Pharm. D. education mode, which includes 67 postgraduates and 24 clinical pharmacists. Respondents put forward the problems of training mode and corresponding suggestions and opinions from different aspects during the investigation and interview. The results mainly divide into four aspects： curriculum setting, clinical practice, assessme nt system and teaching resources. Respondents put forward effective feedback on the above four aspects, which are beneficial to the comprehensive reform of the training mode of professional master degree in clinical pharmacy and preliminary exploration of Pharm. D. Education in China.展开更多
In the 1950s, clinical pharmacy emerged in the United States and gradually developed into an indispensable component of the clinical services system, The American College of Clinical Pharmacy defines clinical pharmacy...In the 1950s, clinical pharmacy emerged in the United States and gradually developed into an indispensable component of the clinical services system, The American College of Clinical Pharmacy defines clinical pharmacy as a pharmaceutical field that focuses on the science and practice of rational drug use.展开更多
Clinical pharmacy is an important development in modern pharmacy practice. In China, the recent recognition of clinical pharmacists by the Ministry of Health is an important step that can lead to a successful change i...Clinical pharmacy is an important development in modern pharmacy practice. In China, the recent recognition of clinical pharmacists by the Ministry of Health is an important step that can lead to a successful change in the functional role of the pharmacists to directly improve the health care outcomes. To optimize this role change, we propose that a ＂form follows function＂ structure be implemented. We believe that a ＂form＂ consisting of three components is highly desirable and should be established with careful coordination：（1） a formal education/training curriculum;（2） a professional organization to lead the clinical improvements in practice/research; and（3） an accrediting body for quality education/training and practice. By incorporating the clinical pharmacy experiences in USA and other countries as well as adopting this ＂form follows function＂ approach, we predict a bright future for the clinical pharmacists in China as valuable members of health care team to positively impact the health care outcomes.展开更多
The Ministry of Health and Family Planning of the People’s Republic of China issued a mandate to all hospitals to implement clinical pharmacy services by 2020.Implementation of clinical pharmacy services to provide p...The Ministry of Health and Family Planning of the People’s Republic of China issued a mandate to all hospitals to implement clinical pharmacy services by 2020.Implementation of clinical pharmacy services to provide pharmaceutical care is a priority.The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in collaboration with the University of Alberta implemented a structured train-the-trainer program to train pharmacists to provide direct patient care in collaboration with physicians,to teach/mentor other pharmacists and students from Hunan province,and to conduct clinical pharmacy research.Following implementation of the program,the pharmacy department increased the number of clinical pharmacists,expanded the clinical pharmacy services,made changes to hospital policies,and received a financial award of five million renminbi(one million Canadian dollars)to support the department.展开更多
Higher pharmaceutical education in China has developed for more than 100 years. More and more talented pharmacy professionals are required due to the rapid development of pharmaceutical industry and patients＇ needs, ...Higher pharmaceutical education in China has developed for more than 100 years. More and more talented pharmacy professionals are required due to the rapid development of pharmaceutical industry and patients＇ needs, leading to many challenges for the current higher pharmaceutical education system. This paper provided a retrospective review of the evolution of higher pharmaceutical education in China, which described its current status and future prospects of higher pharmaceutical education in China, and offered some suggestions on these challenges.展开更多
We evaluated the frequency and category distribution of drug therapy problems in young and elderly patients. A retro- spective study of the medical conditions, drug therapies, and drug therapy problems identified in 1...We evaluated the frequency and category distribution of drug therapy problems in young and elderly patients. A retro- spective study of the medical conditions, drug therapies, and drug therapy problems identified in 102 patients was performed. The patients were divided into young patient group （〈65 years of age） and elderly patient group （〉~ 65 years of age） in a hospital pharmacy setting. Inclusion criteria： patients who were referred by the treating doctors and received evaluation by the clinical pharmacists. Exclusion criteria： patients who were unable to or refused to be evaluated by the clinical pharmacists. We found that 1） Patients in young and elderly groups had a mean of 3 and 5 medical conditions per person, respectively （P = 0.001）. 2） On the average, they took 4 and 7 drug therapies per person, respectively. The elderly patients took a significantly higher number of drug therapies （P = 0.001）. 3） Totally 85 drug therapy problems in 7 categories were identified within 102 patients. 4） 36.8% of young patients experienced 1 to 4 drug therapy problems whereas 61.8% of elderly patient experienced I to 5 drug therapy problems. Drug therapy problems were significantly more prevalent in elderly patients （P = 0.017）. 5） The drug therapy problem by category had similar distribution in young and elderly patients. The elderly patients in this study encountered more drug therapy problems than young patients. Accordingly, more attention should be paid to elderly patients in pharmaceutical care practice.展开更多
Zero addition of drugs is an important aspect of medication reformation in the whole country, which is the end of the era of medicine. The role of pharmacists is changing from being medication dispensers to outcome-or...Zero addition of drugs is an important aspect of medication reformation in the whole country, which is the end of the era of medicine. The role of pharmacists is changing from being medication dispensers to outcome-oriented and patient-focused care providers. However, it is still unclear how to play the role of pharmacists and carry out the related work in the new situation. Here, literature for relevant evidence was searched and summarized. Analysis results showed that there was a significant gap between pharmacy practice in China and developed countries. Evidence has supported pharmacists in their emerging role as care providers, that is available to improve the efficacy and quality of pharmaceutical care and ensure the safety of medicines for patients, but still more efforts are needed to promote new attitude toward more professional career, such as paying attention to the examination of outpatient prescription and medical orders, deeply clinical practice and individualized treatment, self-enhancement and public awareness of pharmacists. Collectively, the safety of patients can be ensured only by improving profession of pharmacists and showing the value of pharmacists. In doing so, pharmacy can develop rapidly, and pharmaceutical care with rational drug use can be realized.展开更多
Clinical pharmacy services in North American are well implemented both in community phar-macies and in hospital pharmacies.In 2009 the Chinese government mandated the implementation of clinical pharmacy services in al...Clinical pharmacy services in North American are well implemented both in community phar-macies and in hospital pharmacies.In 2009 the Chinese government mandated the implementation of clinical pharmacy services in all secondary and tertiary hospitals by 2020.The mandate would require adequately trained clinical pharmacists.However,most pharmacy education programs in China have not yet incorporated clinical pharmacy into their curricula.Many pharmacists have been sent to countries,including the United States and Canada,to receive clinical pharmacy train-ing.Because of different health care systems,medical team dynamics,and language barriers,it became difficult for the returning pharmacists to apply the skills gained from this type of training.As a result,the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University initiated an international academic-run train-the-trainer program.The objectives are to provide adequate training for phar-macists to provide pharmaceutical care to patients,conduct clinical pharmacy-related research,and engage in scholarly activities.After evaluation of local readiness,the course commenced in 2014,and to date four trainers have received personalized one-on-one training by an advanced pharma-cist with 15 years of experience of delivering similar curricula in North America.We present the initial process evaluation and learning that will contribute to the development of clinical pharmacy courses at Central South University.展开更多
文摘It＇s the main trend of the development of international pharmaceutical education to cultivate professionals with the capability of pharmaceutical service by professional degree education. Clinical pharmacy rotation practice, named officially as ＂Advanced clinical pharmacy practice＂ at our school, is specific to our master of pharmacy （M. Pharm） graduate students for clinical pharmacy practice training in multiple clinical departments in hospitals. It is meaningful for the education reform of clinical pharmacy to evaluate the outcome of clinical pharmacy rotation practice. Questionnaire was developed based on the Teaching Guide To Advanced Clinical Pharmacy Practice and its related record forms. The practice outcomes of clinical rotation practice in the first two years for M. Pharm graduate students were assessed using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Results showed that the teaching effect of clinical pharmacy practice was at the ＂excellent＂ level. The evaluation scores of Grade 2011 and Grade 2012 were 90.60 （excellent） and 91.83 （excellent） respectively, while the overall score was 91.29 （excellent）. Students showed excellent skills and have met the requirements of the teaching guide after practice. There are somethings to improve in clinical rotation practice teaching. This study will provide important information for our school and the nation to achieve teaching reform in M. Pharm education of clinical pharmacy.
文摘In order to carry out the comprehensive reform of the professional master’s degree training mode of clinical pharmacy, we carried out interviews among 91 persons on the professional master’s degree of clinical pharmacy in Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and collected extensive feedback. We preliminaries explore the mode of Doctor of Pharmacy（Pharm. D.） Education, laying the foundation for Doctor’s education of professional clinical pharmacy in China. We conducted investigations and interviews among 91 clinical pharmacists and students of Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences on the training of professional master’s degree and Pharm. D. education mode, which includes 67 postgraduates and 24 clinical pharmacists. Respondents put forward the problems of training mode and corresponding suggestions and opinions from different aspects during the investigation and interview. The results mainly divide into four aspects： curriculum setting, clinical practice, assessme nt system and teaching resources. Respondents put forward effective feedback on the above four aspects, which are beneficial to the comprehensive reform of the training mode of professional master degree in clinical pharmacy and preliminary exploration of Pharm. D. Education in China.
文摘In the 1950s, clinical pharmacy emerged in the United States and gradually developed into an indispensable component of the clinical services system, The American College of Clinical Pharmacy defines clinical pharmacy as a pharmaceutical field that focuses on the science and practice of rational drug use.
文摘Clinical pharmacy is an important development in modern pharmacy practice. In China, the recent recognition of clinical pharmacists by the Ministry of Health is an important step that can lead to a successful change in the functional role of the pharmacists to directly improve the health care outcomes. To optimize this role change, we propose that a ＂form follows function＂ structure be implemented. We believe that a ＂form＂ consisting of three components is highly desirable and should be established with careful coordination：（1） a formal education/training curriculum;（2） a professional organization to lead the clinical improvements in practice/research; and（3） an accrediting body for quality education/training and practice. By incorporating the clinical pharmacy experiences in USA and other countries as well as adopting this ＂form follows function＂ approach, we predict a bright future for the clinical pharmacists in China as valuable members of health care team to positively impact the health care outcomes.
文摘The Ministry of Health and Family Planning of the People’s Republic of China issued a mandate to all hospitals to implement clinical pharmacy services by 2020.Implementation of clinical pharmacy services to provide pharmaceutical care is a priority.The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in collaboration with the University of Alberta implemented a structured train-the-trainer program to train pharmacists to provide direct patient care in collaboration with physicians,to teach/mentor other pharmacists and students from Hunan province,and to conduct clinical pharmacy research.Following implementation of the program,the pharmacy department increased the number of clinical pharmacists,expanded the clinical pharmacy services,made changes to hospital policies,and received a financial award of five million renminbi(one million Canadian dollars)to support the department.
基金The cultivation of teachers for Pharm.D Program in China(Grant No.201411)
文摘Higher pharmaceutical education in China has developed for more than 100 years. More and more talented pharmacy professionals are required due to the rapid development of pharmaceutical industry and patients＇ needs, leading to many challenges for the current higher pharmaceutical education system. This paper provided a retrospective review of the evolution of higher pharmaceutical education in China, which described its current status and future prospects of higher pharmaceutical education in China, and offered some suggestions on these challenges.
文摘We evaluated the frequency and category distribution of drug therapy problems in young and elderly patients. A retro- spective study of the medical conditions, drug therapies, and drug therapy problems identified in 102 patients was performed. The patients were divided into young patient group （〈65 years of age） and elderly patient group （〉~ 65 years of age） in a hospital pharmacy setting. Inclusion criteria： patients who were referred by the treating doctors and received evaluation by the clinical pharmacists. Exclusion criteria： patients who were unable to or refused to be evaluated by the clinical pharmacists. We found that 1） Patients in young and elderly groups had a mean of 3 and 5 medical conditions per person, respectively （P = 0.001）. 2） On the average, they took 4 and 7 drug therapies per person, respectively. The elderly patients took a significantly higher number of drug therapies （P = 0.001）. 3） Totally 85 drug therapy problems in 7 categories were identified within 102 patients. 4） 36.8% of young patients experienced 1 to 4 drug therapy problems whereas 61.8% of elderly patient experienced I to 5 drug therapy problems. Drug therapy problems were significantly more prevalent in elderly patients （P = 0.017）. 5） The drug therapy problem by category had similar distribution in young and elderly patients. The elderly patients in this study encountered more drug therapy problems than young patients. Accordingly, more attention should be paid to elderly patients in pharmaceutical care practice.
文摘Zero addition of drugs is an important aspect of medication reformation in the whole country, which is the end of the era of medicine. The role of pharmacists is changing from being medication dispensers to outcome-oriented and patient-focused care providers. However, it is still unclear how to play the role of pharmacists and carry out the related work in the new situation. Here, literature for relevant evidence was searched and summarized. Analysis results showed that there was a significant gap between pharmacy practice in China and developed countries. Evidence has supported pharmacists in their emerging role as care providers, that is available to improve the efficacy and quality of pharmaceutical care and ensure the safety of medicines for patients, but still more efforts are needed to promote new attitude toward more professional career, such as paying attention to the examination of outpatient prescription and medical orders, deeply clinical practice and individualized treatment, self-enhancement and public awareness of pharmacists. Collectively, the safety of patients can be ensured only by improving profession of pharmacists and showing the value of pharmacists. In doing so, pharmacy can develop rapidly, and pharmaceutical care with rational drug use can be realized.
文摘Clinical pharmacy services in North American are well implemented both in community phar-macies and in hospital pharmacies.In 2009 the Chinese government mandated the implementation of clinical pharmacy services in all secondary and tertiary hospitals by 2020.The mandate would require adequately trained clinical pharmacists.However,most pharmacy education programs in China have not yet incorporated clinical pharmacy into their curricula.Many pharmacists have been sent to countries,including the United States and Canada,to receive clinical pharmacy train-ing.Because of different health care systems,medical team dynamics,and language barriers,it became difficult for the returning pharmacists to apply the skills gained from this type of training.As a result,the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University initiated an international academic-run train-the-trainer program.The objectives are to provide adequate training for phar-macists to provide pharmaceutical care to patients,conduct clinical pharmacy-related research,and engage in scholarly activities.After evaluation of local readiness,the course commenced in 2014,and to date four trainers have received personalized one-on-one training by an advanced pharma-cist with 15 years of experience of delivering similar curricula in North America.We present the initial process evaluation and learning that will contribute to the development of clinical pharmacy courses at Central South University.
