Phonetics is the cornerstone of language.The improvement of the proficiency of pronunciation has a great effect on the level of English listening and speaking skills.Learners with high proficiency in pronunciation can...Phonetics is the cornerstone of language.The improvement of the proficiency of pronunciation has a great effect on the level of English listening and speaking skills.Learners with high proficiency in pronunciation can communicate effectively in terms of thoughts,culture,and emotions[1].However,due to the limitations of the language environment,subject characteristics,and traditional teaching methods,non-English majors often face problems such as difficulty in pronunciation and lack of motivation for learning,which raise concerns regarding the English phonetic learning situation among these students.Therefore,innovative phonetic teaching is of great significance to non-English majors.This paper aims to provide some innovative and effective strategies for the innovative teaching of English phonetics for non-English majors to meet the learning needs of students,and to provide useful guidelines for future teaching reform and practice.According to the literature review and personal teaching experience,the article summarizes some innovative strategies that can improve the teaching of non-English majors’pronunciation,such as using real situations and technical assistance,encouraging cooperative learning,gamifying phonetic learning,and so on.By implementing these strategies,students can improve phonetic sensitivity and pronunciation accuracy,thereby enhancing their listening skills and oral fluency.展开更多
This paper is to make a comparison on Chinese and English sounds under contrastive analysis with the consideration of that Chinese teachers of English would be better able to foresee their students' difficulty and...This paper is to make a comparison on Chinese and English sounds under contrastive analysis with the consideration of that Chinese teachers of English would be better able to foresee their students' difficulty and consequently be better able to do their teaching plan in practice.展开更多
Task-based language teaching approach(TBLTA), which lays stress on "learning by doing", gained increasing popularity in English teaching in recent years. The design of phonetic teaching calls for more emphas...Task-based language teaching approach(TBLTA), which lays stress on "learning by doing", gained increasing popularity in English teaching in recent years. The design of phonetic teaching calls for more emphasis from English educators since it is one of the basic rounds of English teaching. This paper made a trial on the utilization of TBLTA in the English phonetic teaching context and designed a TBLTA model for English phonetic teaching based on discussions about model and merits of TBLTA.展开更多
Many people do believe that the pronunciation just related to the phonetic transcription, if we can master it, then we have good pronunciation. However, during the process of language study, we can found that the phon...Many people do believe that the pronunciation just related to the phonetic transcription, if we can master it, then we have good pronunciation. However, during the process of language study, we can found that the phonetics is affected by many factors. The consonants problems or vowels problems or during the process of learning, their phonetics is also affected by their mother tongue and local dialect.展开更多
Language researchers have long been working on the language transfer theory since 1970s with an aim to help second language acquisition. Researches on transfer of pronunciation were explored from many aspects, such as...Language researchers have long been working on the language transfer theory since 1970s with an aim to help second language acquisition. Researches on transfer of pronunciation were explored from many aspects, such as phonetics, age, motivation and culture etc. By illustrating the Chinese learners' improper English pronunciation, it tries to discuss the negative transfer of their mother tongue on the English pronunciation on the theoretical basis of phonetic and phonological differences between the two languages. Based on these studies and analysis, it hopes to arouse the learners' awareness of the different pronunciation between English and Chinese and their interests in acquiring a native-like pronunciation, and hopefully the teachers will also help the learners have a good knowledge of the difference before they're affected by the negative transfer of Chinese.展开更多
Pronunciation is the basic of learning a language and an important breakthrough point to promote the whole level of language.As a result,pronunciation attracted more and more attention in English teaching.However,it i...Pronunciation is the basic of learning a language and an important breakthrough point to promote the whole level of language.As a result,pronunciation attracted more and more attention in English teaching.However,it is still a weakness in English teaching because of the multifarious and complicated factors.A large numbers of research papers indicate that teacher is the leader and organizer of teaching activities,he or she dominants the whole process of pronunciation teaching.For example,they make decisions,design and reform the content of teaching in the classroom.What's more,teacher's beliefs can influence their teaching behaviors more than their professional knowledge,namely,teacher's phonetic teaching beliefs influence their phonetic teaching behaviors deeply.This study aims at finding out about teachers'beliefs of phonetic teaching and casting some light on the relationship between teachers' phonetic teaching beliefs and behaviors,and the causes for their inconsistency if any.展开更多
The negative transfer of native language influences the English acquisition process of the college students from Yantai in a great degree,both in the segmental and suprasegmental level,while the consonants in the segm...The negative transfer of native language influences the English acquisition process of the college students from Yantai in a great degree,both in the segmental and suprasegmental level,while the consonants in the segmental level are influenced most.The paper makes an experimental phonetic contrastive study on [d?],[t?],[?] in the aspect of frication between native English speakers from America and English learners from Yantai basing on processing a large number of English word corpora by using PRAAT.It is found that the degree of frication of [d?],[t?],[?] in American English is strong,while Yantai weak.展开更多
In this paper a novel approach of English Phonetic Alphabet applicable to Chinese people was introduced. This novel English Phonetic Alphabet was specially designed in line with the characteristics of radio telephone ...In this paper a novel approach of English Phonetic Alphabet applicable to Chinese people was introduced. This novel English Phonetic Alphabet was specially designed in line with the characteristics of radio telephone frequency communication in China and pronunciation habit and English level of most of Chinese people;which not only can improve the voice quality and guarantee accurate transfer of information, but also is integrated with the pronunciation characteristics of Chinese language, with the functions to avoid the uncommon, easily confusing and difficultly pronouncing English words, and efficiently improve the wireless communication efficiency.展开更多
Having drawn widespread attention and appreciation,Robert Frost's poem—The Road Not Taken is known to be rich in thematic sensation and meaning.In exploring the enduring charms of this poem,the present paper atte...Having drawn widespread attention and appreciation,Robert Frost's poem—The Road Not Taken is known to be rich in thematic sensation and meaning.In exploring the enduring charms of this poem,the present paper attempts to analyze it on the phonetic level in perspective of literary stylistics through which the poet enhances the aesthetic beauty in sound.展开更多
Phonetics and phonology are two significant areas of English pronunciation.Understanding the concepts of phonetics and phonology is essential for English teachers,which helps them prepare for the class and develop the...Phonetics and phonology are two significant areas of English pronunciation.Understanding the concepts of phonetics and phonology is essential for English teachers,which helps them prepare for the class and develop their own speaking competence.In addition,learning knowledge in these two areas also help students understand the language more efficiently.展开更多
In college EFL learning, teachers have commonly attracted significant attention to improve 5 skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating instead of pronouncing when students are taught EFL in the c...In college EFL learning, teachers have commonly attracted significant attention to improve 5 skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating instead of pronouncing when students are taught EFL in the classroom. As a matter of fact,most students have serious trouble in pronunciation before entering college due to their enjoying involving in reading comprehension for English silently in their spare time. Teachers in college trust their students who have the ability to pronounce precisely any English so that they ignore seriously to enhance their basic value of the perfect and standard speech sounds. Teachers believe the acceptable pronunciation is the best way to learn foreign language. It gives a comprehensive opinion on phonetics during the process of learning EFL in college in order to potentially impede that teachers in college recognize its basic and important position so that they can help their students improve the ability of pronouncing to practice 5 advanced skills.展开更多
Listening is one of the most important aspects in language communication.One can communicate with others even if he can speak just little English.But if he can’t understand what the other says,he cannot communicate.A...Listening is one of the most important aspects in language communication.One can communicate with others even if he can speak just little English.But if he can’t understand what the other says,he cannot communicate.A student’s listening ability largely depends on how much practice he has made and his listening ability depends due to how much listening skill he obtains.Soeaking of listening skill,a new oroblem facing college English teachers today展开更多
The text watermarking is a feasible method to protect the copyright from being copied and tampered. In this paper, a text zero-watermarking algorithm is proposed based on the connection between the Chinese characters ...The text watermarking is a feasible method to protect the copyright from being copied and tampered. In this paper, a text zero-watermarking algorithm is proposed based on the connection between the Chinese characters and the Chinese phonetic alphabets. According to the predefined interval threshold, the proposed algorithm extracts the characteristics of the text content by valuing on the basis of the custom of Chinese phonetic alphabets. After being chaotic transformed, the algorithm combines the text characteristics with the embedded watermarking information in the Chinese text. The experimental results show that the watermarking's capability of preventing tampering is up to 0.1%, which demonstrates the strong robustness and resistance to aggressive behavior of the algorithm.展开更多
Objective: Pulmonary nodules(PNs) are one of the imaging manifestations of early lung cancer screening,which should receive more attention. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that voice changes occur in patients wi...Objective: Pulmonary nodules(PNs) are one of the imaging manifestations of early lung cancer screening,which should receive more attention. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that voice changes occur in patients with pulmonary diseases. The purpose of this study is to explore the differences in phonetic characteristics between patients with PNs and able-bodied persons.Methods: This study explores the phonetic characteristics of patients with PNs in order to provide a simpler and cheaper method for PN screening. It is a case-control study to explore the differences in phonetic characteristics between individuals with and without PNs. This study performed non-parametric statistics on acoustic parameters of vocalizations, collected from January 2017 to March 2018 in Shanghai,China, from these two groups;it explores the differences in third and fourth acoustic parameters between patients with PNs and a normal control group. At the same time, computed tomography(CT) scans,course of disease, combined disease and other risk factors of the patients were collected in the form of questionnaire. According to the grouping of risk factors, the phonetic characteristics of the patients with PNs were analyzed.Results: This study was comprised of 200 patients with PNs, as confirmed by CT, and 86 healthy people that served as a control group. Among patients with PNs, 43% had ground glass opacity, 32% had nodules with a diameter ≥ 8 mm, 19% had a history of smoking and 31% had hyperlipidemia. Compared with the normal group, there were statistically significant differences in pitch, intensity and shimmer in patients with PNs. Among patients with PNs, patients with diameters ≥ 8 mm had a significantly higher third formant. There was a significant difference in intensity, fourth formant and harmonics-to-noise ratio(HNR)between smoking and non-smoking patients. Compared with non-hyperlipidemia patients, the pitch, jitter and shimmer of patients with PNs and hyperlipidemia were higher and the HNR was lower;these differences were statistically significant.Conclusion: This measurable changes in vocalizations can be in patients with PNs. Patients with PNs had lower and weaker voices. The size of PNs had an effect on the phonetic formant. Smoking may contribute to damage to the voice and formant changes. Voice damage is more pronounced in individuals who have PNs accompanied by hyperlipidemia.展开更多
In recent years,the growing popularity of social media platforms has led to several interesting natural language processing(NLP)applications.However,these social media-based NLP applications are subject to different t...In recent years,the growing popularity of social media platforms has led to several interesting natural language processing(NLP)applications.However,these social media-based NLP applications are subject to different types of adversarial attacks due to the vulnerabilities of machine learning(ML)and NLP techniques.This work presents a new low-level adversarial attack recipe inspired by textual variations in online social media communication.These variations are generated to convey the message using out-of-vocabulary words based on visual and phonetic similarities of characters and words in the shortest possible form.The intuition of the proposed scheme is to generate adversarial examples influenced by human cognition in text generation on social media platforms while preserving human robustness in text understanding with the fewest possible perturbations.The intentional textual variations introduced by users in online communication motivate us to replicate such trends in attacking text to see the effects of such widely used textual variations on the deep learning classifiers.In this work,the four most commonly used textual variations are chosen to generate adversarial examples.Moreover,this article introduced a word importance ranking-based beam search algorithm as a searching method for the best possible perturbation selection.The effectiveness of the proposed adversarial attacks has been demonstrated on four benchmark datasets in an extensive experimental setup.展开更多
Ⅰ. Each of the Statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.1. Jack of all trades is an idiom_.A. nominal in nature...Ⅰ. Each of the Statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.1. Jack of all trades is an idiom_.A. nominal in nature B. adjectival in nature C. verbal in nature D. adverbial in nature2. Let the dog see the rabbit is an idiom_.A. nominal in nature B. adjectival in展开更多
文摘Phonetics is the cornerstone of language.The improvement of the proficiency of pronunciation has a great effect on the level of English listening and speaking skills.Learners with high proficiency in pronunciation can communicate effectively in terms of thoughts,culture,and emotions[1].However,due to the limitations of the language environment,subject characteristics,and traditional teaching methods,non-English majors often face problems such as difficulty in pronunciation and lack of motivation for learning,which raise concerns regarding the English phonetic learning situation among these students.Therefore,innovative phonetic teaching is of great significance to non-English majors.This paper aims to provide some innovative and effective strategies for the innovative teaching of English phonetics for non-English majors to meet the learning needs of students,and to provide useful guidelines for future teaching reform and practice.According to the literature review and personal teaching experience,the article summarizes some innovative strategies that can improve the teaching of non-English majors’pronunciation,such as using real situations and technical assistance,encouraging cooperative learning,gamifying phonetic learning,and so on.By implementing these strategies,students can improve phonetic sensitivity and pronunciation accuracy,thereby enhancing their listening skills and oral fluency.
文摘This paper is to make a comparison on Chinese and English sounds under contrastive analysis with the consideration of that Chinese teachers of English would be better able to foresee their students' difficulty and consequently be better able to do their teaching plan in practice.
文摘Task-based language teaching approach(TBLTA), which lays stress on "learning by doing", gained increasing popularity in English teaching in recent years. The design of phonetic teaching calls for more emphasis from English educators since it is one of the basic rounds of English teaching. This paper made a trial on the utilization of TBLTA in the English phonetic teaching context and designed a TBLTA model for English phonetic teaching based on discussions about model and merits of TBLTA.
文摘Many people do believe that the pronunciation just related to the phonetic transcription, if we can master it, then we have good pronunciation. However, during the process of language study, we can found that the phonetics is affected by many factors. The consonants problems or vowels problems or during the process of learning, their phonetics is also affected by their mother tongue and local dialect.
文摘Language researchers have long been working on the language transfer theory since 1970s with an aim to help second language acquisition. Researches on transfer of pronunciation were explored from many aspects, such as phonetics, age, motivation and culture etc. By illustrating the Chinese learners' improper English pronunciation, it tries to discuss the negative transfer of their mother tongue on the English pronunciation on the theoretical basis of phonetic and phonological differences between the two languages. Based on these studies and analysis, it hopes to arouse the learners' awareness of the different pronunciation between English and Chinese and their interests in acquiring a native-like pronunciation, and hopefully the teachers will also help the learners have a good knowledge of the difference before they're affected by the negative transfer of Chinese.
文摘Pronunciation is the basic of learning a language and an important breakthrough point to promote the whole level of language.As a result,pronunciation attracted more and more attention in English teaching.However,it is still a weakness in English teaching because of the multifarious and complicated factors.A large numbers of research papers indicate that teacher is the leader and organizer of teaching activities,he or she dominants the whole process of pronunciation teaching.For example,they make decisions,design and reform the content of teaching in the classroom.What's more,teacher's beliefs can influence their teaching behaviors more than their professional knowledge,namely,teacher's phonetic teaching beliefs influence their phonetic teaching behaviors deeply.This study aims at finding out about teachers'beliefs of phonetic teaching and casting some light on the relationship between teachers' phonetic teaching beliefs and behaviors,and the causes for their inconsistency if any.
文摘The negative transfer of native language influences the English acquisition process of the college students from Yantai in a great degree,both in the segmental and suprasegmental level,while the consonants in the segmental level are influenced most.The paper makes an experimental phonetic contrastive study on [d?],[t?],[?] in the aspect of frication between native English speakers from America and English learners from Yantai basing on processing a large number of English word corpora by using PRAAT.It is found that the degree of frication of [d?],[t?],[?] in American English is strong,while Yantai weak.
文摘In this paper a novel approach of English Phonetic Alphabet applicable to Chinese people was introduced. This novel English Phonetic Alphabet was specially designed in line with the characteristics of radio telephone frequency communication in China and pronunciation habit and English level of most of Chinese people;which not only can improve the voice quality and guarantee accurate transfer of information, but also is integrated with the pronunciation characteristics of Chinese language, with the functions to avoid the uncommon, easily confusing and difficultly pronouncing English words, and efficiently improve the wireless communication efficiency.
文摘Having drawn widespread attention and appreciation,Robert Frost's poem—The Road Not Taken is known to be rich in thematic sensation and meaning.In exploring the enduring charms of this poem,the present paper attempts to analyze it on the phonetic level in perspective of literary stylistics through which the poet enhances the aesthetic beauty in sound.
文摘Phonetics and phonology are two significant areas of English pronunciation.Understanding the concepts of phonetics and phonology is essential for English teachers,which helps them prepare for the class and develop their own speaking competence.In addition,learning knowledge in these two areas also help students understand the language more efficiently.
文摘In college EFL learning, teachers have commonly attracted significant attention to improve 5 skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating instead of pronouncing when students are taught EFL in the classroom. As a matter of fact,most students have serious trouble in pronunciation before entering college due to their enjoying involving in reading comprehension for English silently in their spare time. Teachers in college trust their students who have the ability to pronounce precisely any English so that they ignore seriously to enhance their basic value of the perfect and standard speech sounds. Teachers believe the acceptable pronunciation is the best way to learn foreign language. It gives a comprehensive opinion on phonetics during the process of learning EFL in college in order to potentially impede that teachers in college recognize its basic and important position so that they can help their students improve the ability of pronouncing to practice 5 advanced skills.
文摘Listening is one of the most important aspects in language communication.One can communicate with others even if he can speak just little English.But if he can’t understand what the other says,he cannot communicate.A student’s listening ability largely depends on how much practice he has made and his listening ability depends due to how much listening skill he obtains.Soeaking of listening skill,a new oroblem facing college English teachers today
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91112003)Youth Foundation(31541311307)
文摘The text watermarking is a feasible method to protect the copyright from being copied and tampered. In this paper, a text zero-watermarking algorithm is proposed based on the connection between the Chinese characters and the Chinese phonetic alphabets. According to the predefined interval threshold, the proposed algorithm extracts the characteristics of the text content by valuing on the basis of the custom of Chinese phonetic alphabets. After being chaotic transformed, the algorithm combines the text characteristics with the embedded watermarking information in the Chinese text. The experimental results show that the watermarking's capability of preventing tampering is up to 0.1%, which demonstrates the strong robustness and resistance to aggressive behavior of the algorithm.
基金supported by the TCM Diagnosis Key Discipline of Administration of TCM of ChinaKey Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment in Shanghai (No. 13DZ2261000)+1 种基金TCM Diagnosis Leading Academic Discipline Project of State Administration of TCM of ChinaSpecial Fund of Technical Standards by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai (No.14DZ0500400)。
文摘Objective: Pulmonary nodules(PNs) are one of the imaging manifestations of early lung cancer screening,which should receive more attention. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that voice changes occur in patients with pulmonary diseases. The purpose of this study is to explore the differences in phonetic characteristics between patients with PNs and able-bodied persons.Methods: This study explores the phonetic characteristics of patients with PNs in order to provide a simpler and cheaper method for PN screening. It is a case-control study to explore the differences in phonetic characteristics between individuals with and without PNs. This study performed non-parametric statistics on acoustic parameters of vocalizations, collected from January 2017 to March 2018 in Shanghai,China, from these two groups;it explores the differences in third and fourth acoustic parameters between patients with PNs and a normal control group. At the same time, computed tomography(CT) scans,course of disease, combined disease and other risk factors of the patients were collected in the form of questionnaire. According to the grouping of risk factors, the phonetic characteristics of the patients with PNs were analyzed.Results: This study was comprised of 200 patients with PNs, as confirmed by CT, and 86 healthy people that served as a control group. Among patients with PNs, 43% had ground glass opacity, 32% had nodules with a diameter ≥ 8 mm, 19% had a history of smoking and 31% had hyperlipidemia. Compared with the normal group, there were statistically significant differences in pitch, intensity and shimmer in patients with PNs. Among patients with PNs, patients with diameters ≥ 8 mm had a significantly higher third formant. There was a significant difference in intensity, fourth formant and harmonics-to-noise ratio(HNR)between smoking and non-smoking patients. Compared with non-hyperlipidemia patients, the pitch, jitter and shimmer of patients with PNs and hyperlipidemia were higher and the HNR was lower;these differences were statistically significant.Conclusion: This measurable changes in vocalizations can be in patients with PNs. Patients with PNs had lower and weaker voices. The size of PNs had an effect on the phonetic formant. Smoking may contribute to damage to the voice and formant changes. Voice damage is more pronounced in individuals who have PNs accompanied by hyperlipidemia.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No.NRF-2022R1A2C1007434)by the BK21 FOUR Program of the NRF of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF5199991014091).
文摘In recent years,the growing popularity of social media platforms has led to several interesting natural language processing(NLP)applications.However,these social media-based NLP applications are subject to different types of adversarial attacks due to the vulnerabilities of machine learning(ML)and NLP techniques.This work presents a new low-level adversarial attack recipe inspired by textual variations in online social media communication.These variations are generated to convey the message using out-of-vocabulary words based on visual and phonetic similarities of characters and words in the shortest possible form.The intuition of the proposed scheme is to generate adversarial examples influenced by human cognition in text generation on social media platforms while preserving human robustness in text understanding with the fewest possible perturbations.The intentional textual variations introduced by users in online communication motivate us to replicate such trends in attacking text to see the effects of such widely used textual variations on the deep learning classifiers.In this work,the four most commonly used textual variations are chosen to generate adversarial examples.Moreover,this article introduced a word importance ranking-based beam search algorithm as a searching method for the best possible perturbation selection.The effectiveness of the proposed adversarial attacks has been demonstrated on four benchmark datasets in an extensive experimental setup.
文摘Ⅰ. Each of the Statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.1. Jack of all trades is an idiom_.A. nominal in nature B. adjectival in nature C. verbal in nature D. adverbial in nature2. Let the dog see the rabbit is an idiom_.A. nominal in nature B. adjectival in
