Available information on the microbial mechanisms associated with heavy metal(HM)passivation during co-composting amended with phosphate rock(PR)remains limited.Thus,this study investigated the dynamic changes in bact...Available information on the microbial mechanisms associated with heavy metal(HM)passivation during co-composting amended with phosphate rock(PR)remains limited.Thus,this study investigated the dynamic changes in bacterial communities and HM-fractions(Zn,Cu,Cd,Cr and Pb)during swine manure composting with maize straw,and ascertained the bacterial influence on HM-passivation.The results demonstrated that the addition of PR improved HM-passivation,especially for Zn and Cd,with their bioavailability factors(BFs)reduced by 247.41 and 176.25%,respectively.As for bacterial communities,the proportion of Firmicutes decreased,while the proportions of Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,DeinococcusThermus and Gemmatimonadetes increased in all treatments.PR significantly changed the primary bacterial phyla in the thermophilic phase.Bacteroidetes were the main bacterial component controlling the passivation of Zn,Cu and Cr,while Deinococcus-Thermus mainly regulated the mobility of Zn and Pb,and Proteobacteria only dominated the transformation among Cd-fractions.These results may provide a reference for the use of HM-passivation techniques during composting.展开更多
Iron toxicity is a major constraint to rice production, particularly in highly weathered soils of inland valleys in Sub-Saharan Africa where the rice growing area is rapidly expanding. This study aimed to improve the ...Iron toxicity is a major constraint to rice production, particularly in highly weathered soils of inland valleys in Sub-Saharan Africa where the rice growing area is rapidly expanding. This study aimed to improve the productiveness of iron toxicity sensitive’s rice fields as well as in the unsensitive fields by using local phosphate fertilizers. Eighteen (18) rice genotypes were been assessed in a split plot design in two areas: without iron toxicity and with iron toxicity. NPK, NK, Rock Phosphate, Triple super phosphate, Calcined phosphate and Acidulated phosphate were used as fertilizers. Data collection was focused on agronomic traits and yield (g/m<sup>2</sup>). The best fertilizers in the area without iron toxicity were NPK (820.2 g/m<sup>2</sup>) and triple super phosphate (751.7 g/m<sup>2</sup>). In the iron toxicity area, the best yields were performed by NPK (785.5 g/m<sup>2</sup>) and raw calcined phosphate (698.3 g/m<sup>2</sup>). Yet, the Accessions 15, Accessions 225, Accessions 226 and Accessions 270 were rainfed rice genotypes while CC109 A, HB 46 and HB 62 were low-land/irrigated rice genotypes. NPK, NK and acidulated phosphate fertilizers alleviate the best, iron toxicity in both sensitive and unsensitive rice fields.展开更多
In the framework of various phosphates discharges valorization, we have realized physicochemical and mineralogical characterizations of these discharges. We have undertaken the physicochemical and mineralogical charac...In the framework of various phosphates discharges valorization, we have realized physicochemical and mineralogical characterizations of these discharges. We have undertaken the physicochemical and mineralogical characterizations of this waste by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis and Atomic Emission Spectrometry Coupled to an Inductive Plasma Source. The results of these analyze show that phosphate sludge and screen rejects could be used in ceramics, in the manufacture of aggregates, in agriculture and other fields. On the other hand, rich magnetic waste could be used in heterogeneous photocatalysis in waste liquids treatment.展开更多
Investigations were done to obtain potential phosphate solubilising strains from endophytic mycoflora isolated from the orchid,Pomatocalpa decipiens.928 endophytic phosphate solubilising fungal isolates were obtained ...Investigations were done to obtain potential phosphate solubilising strains from endophytic mycoflora isolated from the orchid,Pomatocalpa decipiens.928 endophytic phosphate solubilising fungal isolates were obtained from 2400 leaf segments(0.38%recovery)from rare epiphytic orchid Pomatocalpa decipiens present in the Barbara hills of Odisha(India).A number of isolates belonged to different genera such as Paecilomyces,Curvularia,Aspergillus,Cladosporium,Penicillium,Colletotrichum,while others,which were unidentified were classified as mycelia sterilia.Root sampling done from 25 different sites resulted in isolation of 20 endophytic phosphate solubilising fungal isolates from 300 segments(0.1%recovery).Aspergillus,Paecilomyces,Fusarium,Penicillium,and mycelia sterilia were mostly obtained.The qualitative and quantitative assessments of Phosphate(P)solubilisation were performed using TCP and Rock phosphate as P source for those strains.Aspergillus niger(leaf isolate)showed a maximum of 33.2 and 22.7%solubilisation in presence of TCP and Rock phosphate respectively whereas Aspergillus niger(Root isolate)showed a maximum of about 23.9%and 36.2%solubilisation in presence of TCP and Rock phosphate respectively.展开更多
Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N) deficiencies are recognized as the major constraint of agricultural productivity in developing countries including Zambia. While N deficits can be restored at least in part through the ...Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N) deficiencies are recognized as the major constraint of agricultural productivity in developing countries including Zambia. While N deficits can be restored at least in part through the application of crop residues and manure, the restoration of soil P can only be achieved by use of phosphate fertilizers which are unaffordable by the small scale farmers. The aim of the study was to assess the availability of P for crop use from rock phosphate (RP), partially acidulated by acid produced by sulfur oxidizing bacteria. The RP was obtained from Keren Mining Limited at Sinda district, Zambia;the Pyrite rock (iron sulfur) and bacteria culture were obtained Nampundwe mine dump. The pyrite and PR were ground and mixed with the bacterial culture to produce the Partially Acidulated Rock Phosphate (PARP). A pot experiment was set up in a CRB design in a greenhouse on four soil types with four treatments of: soil alone (control), soil with GRP, soil with PARP and soil with super single phosphate (SSP) replicated four times. The results showed that the plant height, biomass yield and P uptake across the different P sources showed significant differences (p < 0.01);particularly, the PARP and SSP were significantly higher than the both control and the GRP. A comparison of PARP and SSP within each soil based on both biomass yield and P uptake showed no significant difference between them. Despite the fact that the RAE values based on biomass yield were in most cases higher than those base on the P uptake, the trend was the same. On average the PARP was >90% effective within and across the four soils indicating that the PARP is reactive and suitable for direct application for crop production.展开更多
The continued supply of phosphate fertilizers that underpin global food production is an imminent crisis.The rock phosphate deposits on which the world depends are not only finite,but some are contaminated,and many ar...The continued supply of phosphate fertilizers that underpin global food production is an imminent crisis.The rock phosphate deposits on which the world depends are not only finite,but some are contaminated,and many are located in geopolitically unstable areas,meaning that fundamental changes will have to take place in order to maintain food production for a growing global population.No single solution exists,but a combination of approaches to phosphorus management is required not only to extend the lifespan of the remaining non-renewable rock phosphate reserves,but to result in a more efficient,sustainable phosphorus cycle.Solutions include improving the efficiency of fertilizer applications to agricultural land,alongside a better understanding of phosphorus cycling in soil-plant systems,and the interactions between soil physics,chemistry and biology,coupled with plant traits.Opportunities exist for the development of plants that can access different forms of soil phosphorus(e.g.,organic phosphorus)and that use internal phosphorus more efficiently.The development of different sources of phosphorus fertilizers are inevitably required given the finite nature of the rock phosphate supplies.Clear opportunities exist,and it is now important that a concerted effort to make advances in phosphorus use efficiency is prioritized.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0500205)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy Sciences(XDA23070502)。
文摘Available information on the microbial mechanisms associated with heavy metal(HM)passivation during co-composting amended with phosphate rock(PR)remains limited.Thus,this study investigated the dynamic changes in bacterial communities and HM-fractions(Zn,Cu,Cd,Cr and Pb)during swine manure composting with maize straw,and ascertained the bacterial influence on HM-passivation.The results demonstrated that the addition of PR improved HM-passivation,especially for Zn and Cd,with their bioavailability factors(BFs)reduced by 247.41 and 176.25%,respectively.As for bacterial communities,the proportion of Firmicutes decreased,while the proportions of Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,DeinococcusThermus and Gemmatimonadetes increased in all treatments.PR significantly changed the primary bacterial phyla in the thermophilic phase.Bacteroidetes were the main bacterial component controlling the passivation of Zn,Cu and Cr,while Deinococcus-Thermus mainly regulated the mobility of Zn and Pb,and Proteobacteria only dominated the transformation among Cd-fractions.These results may provide a reference for the use of HM-passivation techniques during composting.
文摘Iron toxicity is a major constraint to rice production, particularly in highly weathered soils of inland valleys in Sub-Saharan Africa where the rice growing area is rapidly expanding. This study aimed to improve the productiveness of iron toxicity sensitive’s rice fields as well as in the unsensitive fields by using local phosphate fertilizers. Eighteen (18) rice genotypes were been assessed in a split plot design in two areas: without iron toxicity and with iron toxicity. NPK, NK, Rock Phosphate, Triple super phosphate, Calcined phosphate and Acidulated phosphate were used as fertilizers. Data collection was focused on agronomic traits and yield (g/m<sup>2</sup>). The best fertilizers in the area without iron toxicity were NPK (820.2 g/m<sup>2</sup>) and triple super phosphate (751.7 g/m<sup>2</sup>). In the iron toxicity area, the best yields were performed by NPK (785.5 g/m<sup>2</sup>) and raw calcined phosphate (698.3 g/m<sup>2</sup>). Yet, the Accessions 15, Accessions 225, Accessions 226 and Accessions 270 were rainfed rice genotypes while CC109 A, HB 46 and HB 62 were low-land/irrigated rice genotypes. NPK, NK and acidulated phosphate fertilizers alleviate the best, iron toxicity in both sensitive and unsensitive rice fields.
文摘In the framework of various phosphates discharges valorization, we have realized physicochemical and mineralogical characterizations of these discharges. We have undertaken the physicochemical and mineralogical characterizations of this waste by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis and Atomic Emission Spectrometry Coupled to an Inductive Plasma Source. The results of these analyze show that phosphate sludge and screen rejects could be used in ceramics, in the manufacture of aggregates, in agriculture and other fields. On the other hand, rich magnetic waste could be used in heterogeneous photocatalysis in waste liquids treatment.
基金Forest and Environment Department,Govt.of Odisha(State Plan Project)and INSPIRE programme,(No.DST/INSPIRE Fellowship/2013/506)DST,Govt.of India is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Investigations were done to obtain potential phosphate solubilising strains from endophytic mycoflora isolated from the orchid,Pomatocalpa decipiens.928 endophytic phosphate solubilising fungal isolates were obtained from 2400 leaf segments(0.38%recovery)from rare epiphytic orchid Pomatocalpa decipiens present in the Barbara hills of Odisha(India).A number of isolates belonged to different genera such as Paecilomyces,Curvularia,Aspergillus,Cladosporium,Penicillium,Colletotrichum,while others,which were unidentified were classified as mycelia sterilia.Root sampling done from 25 different sites resulted in isolation of 20 endophytic phosphate solubilising fungal isolates from 300 segments(0.1%recovery).Aspergillus,Paecilomyces,Fusarium,Penicillium,and mycelia sterilia were mostly obtained.The qualitative and quantitative assessments of Phosphate(P)solubilisation were performed using TCP and Rock phosphate as P source for those strains.Aspergillus niger(leaf isolate)showed a maximum of 33.2 and 22.7%solubilisation in presence of TCP and Rock phosphate respectively whereas Aspergillus niger(Root isolate)showed a maximum of about 23.9%and 36.2%solubilisation in presence of TCP and Rock phosphate respectively.
文摘Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N) deficiencies are recognized as the major constraint of agricultural productivity in developing countries including Zambia. While N deficits can be restored at least in part through the application of crop residues and manure, the restoration of soil P can only be achieved by use of phosphate fertilizers which are unaffordable by the small scale farmers. The aim of the study was to assess the availability of P for crop use from rock phosphate (RP), partially acidulated by acid produced by sulfur oxidizing bacteria. The RP was obtained from Keren Mining Limited at Sinda district, Zambia;the Pyrite rock (iron sulfur) and bacteria culture were obtained Nampundwe mine dump. The pyrite and PR were ground and mixed with the bacterial culture to produce the Partially Acidulated Rock Phosphate (PARP). A pot experiment was set up in a CRB design in a greenhouse on four soil types with four treatments of: soil alone (control), soil with GRP, soil with PARP and soil with super single phosphate (SSP) replicated four times. The results showed that the plant height, biomass yield and P uptake across the different P sources showed significant differences (p < 0.01);particularly, the PARP and SSP were significantly higher than the both control and the GRP. A comparison of PARP and SSP within each soil based on both biomass yield and P uptake showed no significant difference between them. Despite the fact that the RAE values based on biomass yield were in most cases higher than those base on the P uptake, the trend was the same. On average the PARP was >90% effective within and across the four soils indicating that the PARP is reactive and suitable for direct application for crop production.
基金supported by funding from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/C/ 000I0310, BBS/E/C/000I0320, BBS/E/C/000I0120)funded by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council through the Tailoring Plant Metabolism Institute Strategic Grant BBS/E/C/000I0420
文摘The continued supply of phosphate fertilizers that underpin global food production is an imminent crisis.The rock phosphate deposits on which the world depends are not only finite,but some are contaminated,and many are located in geopolitically unstable areas,meaning that fundamental changes will have to take place in order to maintain food production for a growing global population.No single solution exists,but a combination of approaches to phosphorus management is required not only to extend the lifespan of the remaining non-renewable rock phosphate reserves,but to result in a more efficient,sustainable phosphorus cycle.Solutions include improving the efficiency of fertilizer applications to agricultural land,alongside a better understanding of phosphorus cycling in soil-plant systems,and the interactions between soil physics,chemistry and biology,coupled with plant traits.Opportunities exist for the development of plants that can access different forms of soil phosphorus(e.g.,organic phosphorus)and that use internal phosphorus more efficiently.The development of different sources of phosphorus fertilizers are inevitably required given the finite nature of the rock phosphate supplies.Clear opportunities exist,and it is now important that a concerted effort to make advances in phosphorus use efficiency is prioritized.
