Cement,phosphorous slag(PS),and steel slag(SS)were used to prepare low-carbon cementitious materials,and triisopropanolamine(TIPA)was used to improve the mechanical properties by controlling the hydration process.The ...Cement,phosphorous slag(PS),and steel slag(SS)were used to prepare low-carbon cementitious materials,and triisopropanolamine(TIPA)was used to improve the mechanical properties by controlling the hydration process.The experimental results show that,by using 0.06%TIPA,the compressive strength of cement containing 60%PS or 60%SS could be enhanced by 12%or 18%at 28 d.The presence of TIPA significantly affected the hydration process of PS and SS in cement.In the early stage,TIPA accelerated the dissolution of Al in PS,and the formation of carboaluminate hydrate was facilitated,which could induce the hydration;TIPA promoted the dissolution of Fe in SS,and the formation of Fe-monocarbonate,which was precipitated on the surface of SS,resulting in the postponement of hydration,especially for the high SS content.In the later stage,under the continuous solubilization effect of TIPA,the hydration of PS and SS could refine the pore structure.It was noted that compared with portland cement,the carbon emissions of cement-PS-TIPA and cement-SS-TIPA was reduced by 52%and 49%,respectively.展开更多
Doping in Si nanocrystals is an interesting topic and directly studying the distribution of dopants in phosphorous/boron co-doping is an important issue facing the scientific community.In this study,atom probe tomogra...Doping in Si nanocrystals is an interesting topic and directly studying the distribution of dopants in phosphorous/boron co-doping is an important issue facing the scientific community.In this study,atom probe tomography is performed to study the structures and distribution of impurity in phosphorous/boron co-doped Si nanocrystals/SiO_(2) multilayers.Compared with phosphorous singly doped Si nanocrystals,it is interesting to find that the concentration of phosphorous in co-doped samples can be significantly improved.Theoretical simulation suggests that phosphorous-boron pairs are formed in co-doped Si nanocrystals with the lowest formation energy,which also reduces the formation energy of phosphorous in Si nanocrystals.The results indicate that co-doping can promote the entry of phosphorous impurities into the near-surface and inner sites of Si nanocrystals,which provides an interesting way to regulate the electronic and optical properties of Si nanocrystals such as the observed enhancement of conductivity and sub-band light emission.展开更多
To achieve stable and efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal and to investigate the characteristics of the A/A SBR enriched with denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria(DPB),the whole course of startup was studied...To achieve stable and efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal and to investigate the characteristics of the A/A SBR enriched with denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria(DPB),the whole course of startup was studied with two reactors operated in different mode.The reactor I was operated under anaerobic/settling/anoxic/settling mode,and the reactor II was operated under anaerobic/anoxic/settling mode.Differences between the two reactors in removal efficiency of COD,nitrogen and phosphorus were examined.The results indicated that efficient performance could be achieved in both reactors with different startup operation mode,while the phosphorus removal efficiency was improved sooner in reactor I than in reactor II,which suggested that reactor I would supply a more favorable condition for DPB proliferation.Meanwhile,it was observed that the amount of organic substrates consumption had a linear correlation to that of phosphorus release in anaerobic phase when DPB was accumulated in the A/A SBR denitrifying phosphorus removal system.展开更多
The phosphorous mixer indoduced could replace D2EHPA as an extractant applied in the extraction of indium. The extraction pfoperties of the phosphorous mixer were studied. The influences of extractant concentration, o...The phosphorous mixer indoduced could replace D2EHPA as an extractant applied in the extraction of indium. The extraction pfoperties of the phosphorous mixer were studied. The influences of extractant concentration, organic/ aqueous (O/A) phase ratio, equilibrium time, and pH value of the feed solutions on the extraction of indium and separ- ation of indium-iron were investigated experimentally. Under the best operating conditions, more than 98% of indium was extracted through two-stage counter-current extraction. The optimizing condition of indium extraction is determined as follows: O/A = 1: (9-12) in volume ratio; 30% PPD in sulphonated kerosene; pH of the feed, about 0.6; equilibrium time, 3-5 min. The extractant has good reusing and anti-aging properties.展开更多
Based on analyses of surface and core sediments in the tidal flats of the Yangtze Estuary and coastal areas, the present study reveals phosphorous forms existing in sediments and their distributions. The results show ...Based on analyses of surface and core sediments in the tidal flats of the Yangtze Estuary and coastal areas, the present study reveals phosphorous forms existing in sediments and their distributions. The results show that phosphorus in tidal flat sediments in the study area mainly consists of inorganic phosphorous forms, involving DP, Fe-P, Al-P, and Ca-P and organic phosphorous forms, in which Ca-P and OP are dominant compositions. This finding indicates that spatial distributions of various phosphorous forms are related to sedimentary environments in water and grain sizes of sediments, and are influenced by sewage discharges and effluents from aquacultivation in the coastal areas.展开更多
A chiral phosphorous derivatizing agent prepared from PCl3 and (S)-BINOL was described. It is used to determine the enantiomeric excess of chiral alcohols and amines by 31P NMR.
Growth, yield and quality of potato are greatly affected by its nutritional management. Foliar application of urea reduces nitrogen losses and increases plant nitrogen use efficiency. This study was therefore planned ...Growth, yield and quality of potato are greatly affected by its nutritional management. Foliar application of urea reduces nitrogen losses and increases plant nitrogen use efficiency. This study was therefore planned to evaluate the effect of soil applied phosphorus (DAP) and foliar application of nitrogenous fertilizer (urea) on growth, yield and quality of potato. Experiment was comprised of four different treatments of phosphorus (DAP, 46% P) and nitrogen (urea, 46% N) including a control. Treatments were T0 (DAP 160 + Urea 300 kg/acre), T1 (DAP 160 + Urea 5 kg/acre), T2 (DAP 100 + Urea 6 kg/acre) and T3 (DAP 120 + Urea 8 kg/acre). DAP fertilizer was given as basal dressing at the time of sowing. Foliar applications of nitrogenous fertilizer (urea) were given after 30 of sowing with one week interval in five split doses. Results indicated that T3 remained better regarding productivity and quality of potato. The overall fertilizer efficacy regarding yield and quality was: T3 > T2 > T1 > T0. However, Vitamin C was found maximum in T0.展开更多
Increasing urbanization has led to increasing impermeable surfaces and use of lawn care products. Phosphorous (P) is a major pollutant in freshwater systems, leading to eutrophication, harmful algal blooms and hypoxia...Increasing urbanization has led to increasing impermeable surfaces and use of lawn care products. Phosphorous (P) is a major pollutant in freshwater systems, leading to eutrophication, harmful algal blooms and hypoxia. An important source is runoff from urban areas so reducing use of P fertilizers by homeowners would be helpful. This study examines the use of two alternative fertilizer sources in an urbanizing watershed in the Midwest, organic fertilizer/composted manure and P-free fertilizer. A mail survey of households was conducted, resulting in a 44% effective response rate. The adoption rates were relatively high (31% and 23% respectively) compared to those found in previous work for rain gardens and rain barrels. Probit regression results found that adoption of both practices was higher among those who tested their soil, knew the watershed concept, and spent more than 10 hours per month gardening. Results for use of composted manure imply that adopters do not view this as fertilizer, which may result in buildup of P levels in the soil over time. Respondents who indicated that water quality was more important than economic development were more likely to use P-free fertilizers. Significant demographic factors for organic fertilizer were somewhat surprising;those with two years of college were more likely to adopt than those with a four-year degree and those with household income of $50,000 - 75,000 were more likely to adopt than those with an income of $75,000 - 100,000. No demographic factors were important for P-free fertilizers.展开更多
Hydrological dynamics affect water levels and thus affecting ecosystem structure and functions. Lake levels in tropical ecosystems affect phosphorous input through runoff from adjacent watersheds. The resultant biolog...Hydrological dynamics affect water levels and thus affecting ecosystem structure and functions. Lake levels in tropical ecosystems affect phosphorous input through runoff from adjacent watersheds. The resultant biological community, water and sediment quality of the lakes due to water level changes is a reflection of the geology of the area and the anthropogenic activities in the watershed. The study conducted between January 2018 and December 2019 was to explore relationships between the phosphorous input and Water Level Fluctuations (WLF) recorded by Water Resource Authority (WRA). Lake water samples were analyzed in the laboratory for phosphorous using molybdenum blue-ascorbic method and recorded using spectrophotometer. Chlorophyll-<em>a</em> was determined by extracting a filtered sample with 15 ml acetone and incubating overnight and thereafter read using a double beam spectrophotometer. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) was determined by filtering 200 ml of a water sample and dried overnight at 105<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C. The lowest and highest phosphorous concentrations recorded were 0.2 mg/l and 0.42 mg/l at NST7 and NST2, respectively. Measurements of Chlorophyll-<em>a</em> were 0.32 mg/l and 0.42 mg/l at NST9 and NST2, respectively. Secchi transparency measurements were 32.9 cm at NST3 and 84 cm at NST1. The highest and lowest TSS concentrations were 0.14 mg/l and 0.13 mg/l at NTS1 and NST8, respectively. The hydrodynamic regime in most tropical lakes plays a significant role in the re-reaction of phosphorous that consequently influences productivity. Tropical lakes have extreme lake level fluctuations which accelerate the production process. The influence of water level changes on aquatic productivity is crucial in most tropical lakes and should be taken into consideration when assessing the environmental impacts.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to study the effects of different rates of nitrogen and phosphorous on the nodulation and growth of soybean. The pot experiment was conducted under a rain shelter in Agro Technology Park, E...An experiment was conducted to study the effects of different rates of nitrogen and phosphorous on the nodulation and growth of soybean. The pot experiment was conducted under a rain shelter in Agro Technology Park, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. The experimental design was CRD with four replicates. Different fertilizer combinations were used as treatments such as T1-30N:150P: 75K: kg/ha, T2-70N:150P:75K: kg/ha, T3 (control)-50N:150P:75K: kg/ha, T4-50N:125P:75K: kg/ ha and T5-50N:175P:75K: kg/ha. The results revealed that there were significant (p < 0.05) differences among the treatments on plant height, leaf area, plant dry biomass and nodulation. It was observed that T4 showed significant increment in growth and nodulation of soybean. The application of fertilizer combination with reduced amount of phosphorous fertilizer could be used to get maximum growth and nodulation of soybean in Batticaloa district of Sri Lanka.展开更多
It is still a lack of bifunctional catalysts for ammonia oxidation reaction(AOR)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)due to their different reaction mechanisms.In this work,P is doped into PtZn alloy by calcination wit...It is still a lack of bifunctional catalysts for ammonia oxidation reaction(AOR)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)due to their different reaction mechanisms.In this work,P is doped into PtZn alloy by calcination with NaH_(2)PO_(2) as P source to induce the lattice tensile strain of Pt and the electronic interaction between P and Zn,which optimizes the AOR and HER activity simultaneously.The sample with the optimal P content can drive the AOR peak current density of 293.6 mA·mgPt^(-1),which is almost 2.7 times of Pt.For HER,the overpotential at^(-1)0 mA·cm^(-2) is only 23 mV with Tafel slope of 34.1 mV·dec^(-1).Furthermore,only 0.59 V is needed to obtain 50 mA·mgPt^(-1) for ammonia electrolysis under a two-electrode system.Therefore,this work shows an ingenious method to design bifunctional catalysts for ammonia electrolysis.展开更多
The S-scheme heterojunctions can effectively separate photogenerated electrons and holes,retain their high redox capacity,and provide great prospects for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the composites in diff...The S-scheme heterojunctions can effectively separate photogenerated electrons and holes,retain their high redox capacity,and provide great prospects for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the composites in different fields.Herein,S-scheme heterojunction photocatalytic materials were rationally designed and prepared by a simple hydrothermal method between narrow-bandgap red phosphorus(HRP)and wide-bandgap BaTiO_(3)(BTO)photocatalysts.Owing to the effective charge separation and redox ability from the S-scheme mechanism and oxygen vacancies,BTO/HRP exhibited good photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic degradation ability.Systematic photoreaction tests demonstrated that BTO/HRP had high practicality in the removal of pollutants from wastewater;its photodegradation rate of Rhodamine B reached 3.029×10^(−1) min^(−1) in 12 min;and it could inactivate 1.8×10^(9) CFU/mL of Escherichia.coli in 1 h,with an antibacterial rate of 99.8%.This paper provided a promising photocatalyst for pollutant removal and a new strategy for the fabrication of efficient RP-based photocatalytic materials.展开更多
Developing high-activity and low-cost catalysts is the key to eliminate the limitation of sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)during electrocatalytic overall water splitting.Herein,Ni‒Fe/black phosphorous(BP...Developing high-activity and low-cost catalysts is the key to eliminate the limitation of sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)during electrocatalytic overall water splitting.Herein,Ni‒Fe/black phosphorous(BP)composites are synthesized using a simple three-electrode system,where exfoliation of bulky BP and synthesis of NiFe composites are simultaneously achieved.Under light illumination,the optimized Ni‒Fe/BP composite exhibits excellent photoelectrocatalytic OER performance(e.g.,the overpotential is 58 mV lower than a commercial RuO_(2) electrocatalyst at a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2)).The electron transfer on this composite is proved to follow a Ni‒BP‒Fe pathway.The electronic structure of this Ni‒Fe/BP composite is effectively regulated,leading to optimized adsorption strength of the intermediate OH*and improved intrinsic activity for the OER.Together with active sites on the support,this Ni‒Fe/BP composite possesses abundant electrochemical active sites and a bug surface area for the OER.The introduction of light further accelerates the electrocatalytic OER.This work provides a novel and facile method to synthesize high-performance metal/BP composites as well as the approaches to reveal their OER mechanisms.展开更多
Dendrite formation on lithium (Li) metal anode is a key issue which hinders the development of rechargeable Li battery seriously. A novel method for suppress!ng Li dendrites via using Li phosphorous oxynitride (UPON) ...Dendrite formation on lithium (Li) metal anode is a key issue which hinders the development of rechargeable Li battery seriously. A novel method for suppress!ng Li dendrites via using Li phosphorous oxynitride (UPON) modified Li anode and Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3-poly(ethylene oxide)(Li bistrifluoromethane-sulfonimide)(LAGP-PEO(LiTFSI)) composite solid electrolyte in all-solid-state Li battery is proposed, and the effect of the thickness of UPON on Li anode performarice is also studied. LiPON film with a thickness of 500 nm exhibits satisfactory interface property between Li metal anode and the LAGP-PEO(LiTFSI) solid electrolyte. The LiPON film provides a uniform Li^+ flux across the interface and effectively inhibits the formation of Li dendrites in all-solid-state Li batteries. The assembled all-solid-state Li cell Li(LiPON)/LAGP-PEO(LiTFSI)/LiFePO4 delivers an initial discharge capacity of 152.4 mAh·g^-1 and exhibits good cycling stability and rate performanee at 50 ℃.展开更多
There are a series of medium and small metamorphic phosphorous deposits distributed from Zhangchun and Huangmei counties of Hubei Province through Susong and Feidong counties of Anhui Province to Donghai County of Jia...There are a series of medium and small metamorphic phosphorous deposits distributed from Zhangchun and Huangmei counties of Hubei Province through Susong and Feidong counties of Anhui Province to Donghai County of Jiangsu Province, which are named Haizhou-type phosphorous deposit. Based on the study of the microstructures,展开更多
The effects of phytase on phosphorus(P)digestibility are well established.However,there are few studies that report P balance,particularly when phytase is used in diets that have adequate or deficient P.The main objec...The effects of phytase on phosphorus(P)digestibility are well established.However,there are few studies that report P balance,particularly when phytase is used in diets that have adequate or deficient P.The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of dietary P levels and exogenous phytase on P balance in growing pigs.The first part of the experiment was a 14-d metabolism study conducted with 80 barrows(initial body weight 18.5±0.5 kg)with a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement of treatments and main effects of available P(0.13%available P,low P[Low-P]diet;0.35%available P,adequate P[Adeq-P]diet)and phytase(0,250,500,2,500,and 12,500 U/kg).A portion of the pigs(n=24)fed the Low-P diet,with0,500,2,500,12,500 U/kg phytase,and those fed the Adeq-P diet,with 0 and 12,500 U/kg phytase,remained on test diets for another 4 d,and tissues were collected for determination of bone characteristics and tissue P concentration.There was a P×phytase interaction for P retention that was accounted for by a lack of re sponse to phytase in pigs fed the Adeq-P diet.Retention of P was greater with incremental levels of phytase in pigs fed Low-P diets as compared to those fed Adeq-P diets(P level x phytase,P<0.01),but calcium(Ca)retention was greater in pigs fed Adeq-P diets(P level x phytase P<0.01).Apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of P was improved by phytase(P<0.001)and was greater in pigs fed Adeq-P diets as compared to those fed Low-P diets(P=0.006).Metatarsal bone ash(quadratic,P=0.01)and strength(linear,P=0.03)was increased by phytase addition to the Low-P diets.There were no phytase or dietary P effects on P concentrations of the heart,kidney,liver,muscle,and spleen.These results suggest that as compared to the effects in an Adeq-P diet,adding phytase to a Low-P diet was more effective at reducing the P and Ca excretion and restoring average daily gain(ADG).The P released by phytase is absorbed and contributes to improved bone growth,greater rates of tissue accretion,and increased body weight,but does not change tissue P concentrations.There is,however,a threshold for P retention,beyond which it is excreted in the urine.展开更多
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol(1α-OH-D3)in calcium(Ca)-and phosphorous(P)-deficient diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics,tibia related pa...This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol(1α-OH-D3)in calcium(Ca)-and phosphorous(P)-deficient diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics,tibia related parameters, and immune responses of broiler chickens. A total of 280 one-day-old broiler chickens(Ross 308) were assigned to 20 floor pens and 4 dietary treatments with 5 replicates. Dietary treatments consisted of starter diets(starter diet of treatment A: 1% Ca, 0.73% total phosphorus [tP];starter diet of treatment B: 0.85% Ca.0.64% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3;starter diet of treatment C: 0.85%Ca, 0.59% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3;starter diet of treatment D: 0.85% Ca, 0.54% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OHD3), grower diets(grower diet of treatment A: 0.86% Ca, 0.68% tP;grower diet of treatment B: 0.73% Ca,0.59% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3;grower diet of treatment C: 0.73% Ca, 0.55% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3;grower diet of treatment D: 0.73% Ca, 0.50% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3) and finisher diets(finisher diet of treatment A: 0.81% Ca, 0.64% tP;finisher diet of treatment B: 0.68% Ca, 0.56% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3;finisher diet of treatment C: 0.68% Ca,0,52% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3;finisher diet of treatment D: 0.68%Ca.0.48% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3). Results showed that body weight gain(BWG) and feed intake(FI) of broilers in treatment B were similar to those of broilers in treatment A at the end of the trial(P < 0.05).Broilers in treatments C and D had lower BWG and FI than those in treatment A during the whole trial(P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio, carcass traits and relative weight of lymphoid organs were not affected by dietary treatments(P> 0.05). Dietary treatments had no significant effect on antibody titers against Newcastle and Influenza disease viruses as well as sheep red blood cells. Dietary treatments had no significant effects on tibia ash and tibial dyschondroplasia score. Broilers fed Ca-P deficient diets had lower tibia Ca and P than those in treatment A(P < 0.05). In conclusion, results indicated that broilers fed Ca-P deficient diets supplemented with 5 μg/kg la-OH-D3 failed to achieve the same tibia Ca and P values as broilers fed nonphytate phosphorus adequate diets.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)is an essential and limited resource.Incineration sewage sludge ash(ISSA)contains a high amount of P,which can be recovered using chemical leaching methods.However,the recovery ratio depends on the specia...Phosphorus(P)is an essential and limited resource.Incineration sewage sludge ash(ISSA)contains a high amount of P,which can be recovered using chemical leaching methods.However,the recovery ratio depends on the speciation of P and the leaching conditions.In this study,hydrochloric acid was used as a leaching agent,and the effects of the hydrochloric acid concentration,leaching time,temperature,and liquid-solid ratio on the P leaching ratio were investigated.Furthermore,the co-leaching of macro-metals Ca,Al,Fe,and Mg was analyzed.The results showed that P leached rapidly within 30 min,where the leaching rate reached more than 80%and then gradually stabilized.The leaching concentrations of Ca and Mg had a significant correlation(correlation coefficient r^(2)>0.90),and both were leached completely.Al and P had similar leaching patterns,where the leaching rates increased initially and then decreased with time at 0.2 mol/L HCl.According to X-ray diffraction analysis and Rietveld refinement,the P in ISSA was mainly present in the forms of Mg_(3)Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(4) and AlPO_(4).When leached using 0.2 mol/L HCl at 55℃ with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 20 L/kg,the AlPO_(4) and Fe_(3)(H_(2)O)_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) in ISSA dissolved initially and then precipitated on the surface of the solid phase,thereby impeding further P leaching.展开更多
Hydrothermal liquefaction(HTL)has been studied as a promising technology for converting wet biomass into bio-crude oil and the nutrient-rich post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater(PHWW)could be reused for algae and...Hydrothermal liquefaction(HTL)has been studied as a promising technology for converting wet biomass into bio-crude oil and the nutrient-rich post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater(PHWW)could be reused for algae and bacteria production.However,the PHWW from HTL contains various types of contaminants that need to be removed before reuse.Too high nutrients(nitrogen and phosphorous)contents,such as ammonium,are inhibitive to algal growth and bacteria species in anaerobic process.It is desirable to reduce nutrients concentration in PHWW to an acceptable level using zeolite adsorption.This study investigated nitrogen and phosphorous adsorption efficiencies from PHWW using three types of zeolites:activated clinoptilolite,natural clinoptilolite and Na-modified zeolite.Effects of ions and pH in the adsorption process were also investigated.Results showed that three zeolite variables affecting ammonium adsorption process could be ranked as follows:zeolite dosage>type>particle size,via an orthogonal experiment design.Activated clinoptilolite,with a particle size of 0.18-0.30 mm and a dosage of 0.4 g/mL demonstrated the highest ammonium adsorption efficiency of 54.92%.Zeolite could also adsorb organic nitrogen and had a high adsorption efficiency of phosphorous(97.85%).This study showed that zeolite is effective to adsorb nutrients in PHWW.The adsorption treated PHWW can then be used for culturing algae or anaerobic treatment,and the adsorbed nutrients can be reused later.展开更多
基金Funded by the Key Public Welfare Special Project of Henan Province(No.201300311000)the Major Technical Innovation Project in Hubei Province of China(No.2020BED025)。
文摘Cement,phosphorous slag(PS),and steel slag(SS)were used to prepare low-carbon cementitious materials,and triisopropanolamine(TIPA)was used to improve the mechanical properties by controlling the hydration process.The experimental results show that,by using 0.06%TIPA,the compressive strength of cement containing 60%PS or 60%SS could be enhanced by 12%or 18%at 28 d.The presence of TIPA significantly affected the hydration process of PS and SS in cement.In the early stage,TIPA accelerated the dissolution of Al in PS,and the formation of carboaluminate hydrate was facilitated,which could induce the hydration;TIPA promoted the dissolution of Fe in SS,and the formation of Fe-monocarbonate,which was precipitated on the surface of SS,resulting in the postponement of hydration,especially for the high SS content.In the later stage,under the continuous solubilization effect of TIPA,the hydration of PS and SS could refine the pore structure.It was noted that compared with portland cement,the carbon emissions of cement-PS-TIPA and cement-SS-TIPA was reduced by 52%and 49%,respectively.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2018YFB2200101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.62004078 and 61921005)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.BK20201073)Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo (Grant No.2021J068)ANR DONNA (Grant No.ANR-18-CE09-0034)Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Hangzhou (Grant No.TD2022012)partially supported by the CNRS Federation IRMA-FR 3095。
文摘Doping in Si nanocrystals is an interesting topic and directly studying the distribution of dopants in phosphorous/boron co-doping is an important issue facing the scientific community.In this study,atom probe tomography is performed to study the structures and distribution of impurity in phosphorous/boron co-doped Si nanocrystals/SiO_(2) multilayers.Compared with phosphorous singly doped Si nanocrystals,it is interesting to find that the concentration of phosphorous in co-doped samples can be significantly improved.Theoretical simulation suggests that phosphorous-boron pairs are formed in co-doped Si nanocrystals with the lowest formation energy,which also reduces the formation energy of phosphorous in Si nanocrystals.The results indicate that co-doping can promote the entry of phosphorous impurities into the near-surface and inner sites of Si nanocrystals,which provides an interesting way to regulate the electronic and optical properties of Si nanocrystals such as the observed enhancement of conductivity and sub-band light emission.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50778052)Development Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Harbin Institute of Technology(Grant No.NQQQ92324547)
文摘To achieve stable and efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal and to investigate the characteristics of the A/A SBR enriched with denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria(DPB),the whole course of startup was studied with two reactors operated in different mode.The reactor I was operated under anaerobic/settling/anoxic/settling mode,and the reactor II was operated under anaerobic/anoxic/settling mode.Differences between the two reactors in removal efficiency of COD,nitrogen and phosphorus were examined.The results indicated that efficient performance could be achieved in both reactors with different startup operation mode,while the phosphorus removal efficiency was improved sooner in reactor I than in reactor II,which suggested that reactor I would supply a more favorable condition for DPB proliferation.Meanwhile,it was observed that the amount of organic substrates consumption had a linear correlation to that of phosphorus release in anaerobic phase when DPB was accumulated in the A/A SBR denitrifying phosphorus removal system.
文摘The phosphorous mixer indoduced could replace D2EHPA as an extractant applied in the extraction of indium. The extraction pfoperties of the phosphorous mixer were studied. The influences of extractant concentration, organic/ aqueous (O/A) phase ratio, equilibrium time, and pH value of the feed solutions on the extraction of indium and separ- ation of indium-iron were investigated experimentally. Under the best operating conditions, more than 98% of indium was extracted through two-stage counter-current extraction. The optimizing condition of indium extraction is determined as follows: O/A = 1: (9-12) in volume ratio; 30% PPD in sulphonated kerosene; pH of the feed, about 0.6; equilibrium time, 3-5 min. The extractant has good reusing and anti-aging properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund of China(Grant Nos.49801018 and 49771101)Fund for University Key Teachers by the Ministry of Education.
文摘Based on analyses of surface and core sediments in the tidal flats of the Yangtze Estuary and coastal areas, the present study reveals phosphorous forms existing in sediments and their distributions. The results show that phosphorus in tidal flat sediments in the study area mainly consists of inorganic phosphorous forms, involving DP, Fe-P, Al-P, and Ca-P and organic phosphorous forms, in which Ca-P and OP are dominant compositions. This finding indicates that spatial distributions of various phosphorous forms are related to sedimentary environments in water and grain sizes of sediments, and are influenced by sewage discharges and effluents from aquacultivation in the coastal areas.
基金We are very grateful for the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.29872016) and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University ASD Fund.
文摘A chiral phosphorous derivatizing agent prepared from PCl3 and (S)-BINOL was described. It is used to determine the enantiomeric excess of chiral alcohols and amines by 31P NMR.
文摘Growth, yield and quality of potato are greatly affected by its nutritional management. Foliar application of urea reduces nitrogen losses and increases plant nitrogen use efficiency. This study was therefore planned to evaluate the effect of soil applied phosphorus (DAP) and foliar application of nitrogenous fertilizer (urea) on growth, yield and quality of potato. Experiment was comprised of four different treatments of phosphorus (DAP, 46% P) and nitrogen (urea, 46% N) including a control. Treatments were T0 (DAP 160 + Urea 300 kg/acre), T1 (DAP 160 + Urea 5 kg/acre), T2 (DAP 100 + Urea 6 kg/acre) and T3 (DAP 120 + Urea 8 kg/acre). DAP fertilizer was given as basal dressing at the time of sowing. Foliar applications of nitrogenous fertilizer (urea) were given after 30 of sowing with one week interval in five split doses. Results indicated that T3 remained better regarding productivity and quality of potato. The overall fertilizer efficacy regarding yield and quality was: T3 > T2 > T1 > T0. However, Vitamin C was found maximum in T0.
文摘Increasing urbanization has led to increasing impermeable surfaces and use of lawn care products. Phosphorous (P) is a major pollutant in freshwater systems, leading to eutrophication, harmful algal blooms and hypoxia. An important source is runoff from urban areas so reducing use of P fertilizers by homeowners would be helpful. This study examines the use of two alternative fertilizer sources in an urbanizing watershed in the Midwest, organic fertilizer/composted manure and P-free fertilizer. A mail survey of households was conducted, resulting in a 44% effective response rate. The adoption rates were relatively high (31% and 23% respectively) compared to those found in previous work for rain gardens and rain barrels. Probit regression results found that adoption of both practices was higher among those who tested their soil, knew the watershed concept, and spent more than 10 hours per month gardening. Results for use of composted manure imply that adopters do not view this as fertilizer, which may result in buildup of P levels in the soil over time. Respondents who indicated that water quality was more important than economic development were more likely to use P-free fertilizers. Significant demographic factors for organic fertilizer were somewhat surprising;those with two years of college were more likely to adopt than those with a four-year degree and those with household income of $50,000 - 75,000 were more likely to adopt than those with an income of $75,000 - 100,000. No demographic factors were important for P-free fertilizers.
文摘Hydrological dynamics affect water levels and thus affecting ecosystem structure and functions. Lake levels in tropical ecosystems affect phosphorous input through runoff from adjacent watersheds. The resultant biological community, water and sediment quality of the lakes due to water level changes is a reflection of the geology of the area and the anthropogenic activities in the watershed. The study conducted between January 2018 and December 2019 was to explore relationships between the phosphorous input and Water Level Fluctuations (WLF) recorded by Water Resource Authority (WRA). Lake water samples were analyzed in the laboratory for phosphorous using molybdenum blue-ascorbic method and recorded using spectrophotometer. Chlorophyll-<em>a</em> was determined by extracting a filtered sample with 15 ml acetone and incubating overnight and thereafter read using a double beam spectrophotometer. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) was determined by filtering 200 ml of a water sample and dried overnight at 105<span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span>C. The lowest and highest phosphorous concentrations recorded were 0.2 mg/l and 0.42 mg/l at NST7 and NST2, respectively. Measurements of Chlorophyll-<em>a</em> were 0.32 mg/l and 0.42 mg/l at NST9 and NST2, respectively. Secchi transparency measurements were 32.9 cm at NST3 and 84 cm at NST1. The highest and lowest TSS concentrations were 0.14 mg/l and 0.13 mg/l at NTS1 and NST8, respectively. The hydrodynamic regime in most tropical lakes plays a significant role in the re-reaction of phosphorous that consequently influences productivity. Tropical lakes have extreme lake level fluctuations which accelerate the production process. The influence of water level changes on aquatic productivity is crucial in most tropical lakes and should be taken into consideration when assessing the environmental impacts.
文摘An experiment was conducted to study the effects of different rates of nitrogen and phosphorous on the nodulation and growth of soybean. The pot experiment was conducted under a rain shelter in Agro Technology Park, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. The experimental design was CRD with four replicates. Different fertilizer combinations were used as treatments such as T1-30N:150P: 75K: kg/ha, T2-70N:150P:75K: kg/ha, T3 (control)-50N:150P:75K: kg/ha, T4-50N:125P:75K: kg/ ha and T5-50N:175P:75K: kg/ha. The results revealed that there were significant (p < 0.05) differences among the treatments on plant height, leaf area, plant dry biomass and nodulation. It was observed that T4 showed significant increment in growth and nodulation of soybean. The application of fertilizer combination with reduced amount of phosphorous fertilizer could be used to get maximum growth and nodulation of soybean in Batticaloa district of Sri Lanka.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22162004)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(No.2022JJD120011)the Opening Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials(No.211025-K).
文摘It is still a lack of bifunctional catalysts for ammonia oxidation reaction(AOR)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)due to their different reaction mechanisms.In this work,P is doped into PtZn alloy by calcination with NaH_(2)PO_(2) as P source to induce the lattice tensile strain of Pt and the electronic interaction between P and Zn,which optimizes the AOR and HER activity simultaneously.The sample with the optimal P content can drive the AOR peak current density of 293.6 mA·mgPt^(-1),which is almost 2.7 times of Pt.For HER,the overpotential at^(-1)0 mA·cm^(-2) is only 23 mV with Tafel slope of 34.1 mV·dec^(-1).Furthermore,only 0.59 V is needed to obtain 50 mA·mgPt^(-1) for ammonia electrolysis under a two-electrode system.Therefore,this work shows an ingenious method to design bifunctional catalysts for ammonia electrolysis.
基金financially supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(Nos.52063028,22208275 and 22268003)the Ph.D.Startup Fund of Xinjiang Normal Univer-sity(No.XJNUBS1907)+1 种基金the Xinjiang Normal University Outstanding Young Teachers’Research Initiation Project(No.XJNU202015)the Innovation team for monitoring of emerging contaminants and biomarkers(No.2021D14017).
文摘The S-scheme heterojunctions can effectively separate photogenerated electrons and holes,retain their high redox capacity,and provide great prospects for enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the composites in different fields.Herein,S-scheme heterojunction photocatalytic materials were rationally designed and prepared by a simple hydrothermal method between narrow-bandgap red phosphorus(HRP)and wide-bandgap BaTiO_(3)(BTO)photocatalysts.Owing to the effective charge separation and redox ability from the S-scheme mechanism and oxygen vacancies,BTO/HRP exhibited good photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic degradation ability.Systematic photoreaction tests demonstrated that BTO/HRP had high practicality in the removal of pollutants from wastewater;its photodegradation rate of Rhodamine B reached 3.029×10^(−1) min^(−1) in 12 min;and it could inactivate 1.8×10^(9) CFU/mL of Escherichia.coli in 1 h,with an antibacterial rate of 99.8%.This paper provided a promising photocatalyst for pollutant removal and a new strategy for the fabrication of efficient RP-based photocatalytic materials.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21571119)the Applied Basic Research Project of Shanxi Province(Grant Nos.201901D211393 and 201901D211398)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Grant No.20210302124473)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institution in Shanxi(Grant No.2019L0466)the Graduate Education Innovation Project of Shanxi Province(Grant No.2021Y480)the China postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021M691366)the Graduate Education Innovation Project of Shanxi Normal University(Grant No.2021XSY038)the 1331 Engineering of Shanxi Province.
文摘Developing high-activity and low-cost catalysts is the key to eliminate the limitation of sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)during electrocatalytic overall water splitting.Herein,Ni‒Fe/black phosphorous(BP)composites are synthesized using a simple three-electrode system,where exfoliation of bulky BP and synthesis of NiFe composites are simultaneously achieved.Under light illumination,the optimized Ni‒Fe/BP composite exhibits excellent photoelectrocatalytic OER performance(e.g.,the overpotential is 58 mV lower than a commercial RuO_(2) electrocatalyst at a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2)).The electron transfer on this composite is proved to follow a Ni‒BP‒Fe pathway.The electronic structure of this Ni‒Fe/BP composite is effectively regulated,leading to optimized adsorption strength of the intermediate OH*and improved intrinsic activity for the OER.Together with active sites on the support,this Ni‒Fe/BP composite possesses abundant electrochemical active sites and a bug surface area for the OER.The introduction of light further accelerates the electrocatalytic OER.This work provides a novel and facile method to synthesize high-performance metal/BP composites as well as the approaches to reveal their OER mechanisms.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21233004)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Education Department (No. KJ2018A0372).
文摘Dendrite formation on lithium (Li) metal anode is a key issue which hinders the development of rechargeable Li battery seriously. A novel method for suppress!ng Li dendrites via using Li phosphorous oxynitride (UPON) modified Li anode and Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3-poly(ethylene oxide)(Li bistrifluoromethane-sulfonimide)(LAGP-PEO(LiTFSI)) composite solid electrolyte in all-solid-state Li battery is proposed, and the effect of the thickness of UPON on Li anode performarice is also studied. LiPON film with a thickness of 500 nm exhibits satisfactory interface property between Li metal anode and the LAGP-PEO(LiTFSI) solid electrolyte. The LiPON film provides a uniform Li^+ flux across the interface and effectively inhibits the formation of Li dendrites in all-solid-state Li batteries. The assembled all-solid-state Li cell Li(LiPON)/LAGP-PEO(LiTFSI)/LiFePO4 delivers an initial discharge capacity of 152.4 mAh·g^-1 and exhibits good cycling stability and rate performanee at 50 ℃.
基金Study supported by the National Key Project of the 8th Five-Year Plan Period.
文摘There are a series of medium and small metamorphic phosphorous deposits distributed from Zhangchun and Huangmei counties of Hubei Province through Susong and Feidong counties of Anhui Province to Donghai County of Jiangsu Province, which are named Haizhou-type phosphorous deposit. Based on the study of the microstructures,
基金Partial funding for this research is from Zymetrics,Golden Valley,MN,USA.
文摘The effects of phytase on phosphorus(P)digestibility are well established.However,there are few studies that report P balance,particularly when phytase is used in diets that have adequate or deficient P.The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of dietary P levels and exogenous phytase on P balance in growing pigs.The first part of the experiment was a 14-d metabolism study conducted with 80 barrows(initial body weight 18.5±0.5 kg)with a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement of treatments and main effects of available P(0.13%available P,low P[Low-P]diet;0.35%available P,adequate P[Adeq-P]diet)and phytase(0,250,500,2,500,and 12,500 U/kg).A portion of the pigs(n=24)fed the Low-P diet,with0,500,2,500,12,500 U/kg phytase,and those fed the Adeq-P diet,with 0 and 12,500 U/kg phytase,remained on test diets for another 4 d,and tissues were collected for determination of bone characteristics and tissue P concentration.There was a P×phytase interaction for P retention that was accounted for by a lack of re sponse to phytase in pigs fed the Adeq-P diet.Retention of P was greater with incremental levels of phytase in pigs fed Low-P diets as compared to those fed Adeq-P diets(P level x phytase,P<0.01),but calcium(Ca)retention was greater in pigs fed Adeq-P diets(P level x phytase P<0.01).Apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of P was improved by phytase(P<0.001)and was greater in pigs fed Adeq-P diets as compared to those fed Low-P diets(P=0.006).Metatarsal bone ash(quadratic,P=0.01)and strength(linear,P=0.03)was increased by phytase addition to the Low-P diets.There were no phytase or dietary P effects on P concentrations of the heart,kidney,liver,muscle,and spleen.These results suggest that as compared to the effects in an Adeq-P diet,adding phytase to a Low-P diet was more effective at reducing the P and Ca excretion and restoring average daily gain(ADG).The P released by phytase is absorbed and contributes to improved bone growth,greater rates of tissue accretion,and increased body weight,but does not change tissue P concentrations.There is,however,a threshold for P retention,beyond which it is excreted in the urine.
基金supported by Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch, and resulted from M.Sc. thesis of Parham Ghasemi (grant number:2016/18)
文摘This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary 1α-hydroxycholecalciferol(1α-OH-D3)in calcium(Ca)-and phosphorous(P)-deficient diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics,tibia related parameters, and immune responses of broiler chickens. A total of 280 one-day-old broiler chickens(Ross 308) were assigned to 20 floor pens and 4 dietary treatments with 5 replicates. Dietary treatments consisted of starter diets(starter diet of treatment A: 1% Ca, 0.73% total phosphorus [tP];starter diet of treatment B: 0.85% Ca.0.64% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3;starter diet of treatment C: 0.85%Ca, 0.59% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3;starter diet of treatment D: 0.85% Ca, 0.54% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OHD3), grower diets(grower diet of treatment A: 0.86% Ca, 0.68% tP;grower diet of treatment B: 0.73% Ca,0.59% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3;grower diet of treatment C: 0.73% Ca, 0.55% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3;grower diet of treatment D: 0.73% Ca, 0.50% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3) and finisher diets(finisher diet of treatment A: 0.81% Ca, 0.64% tP;finisher diet of treatment B: 0.68% Ca, 0.56% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3;finisher diet of treatment C: 0.68% Ca,0,52% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3;finisher diet of treatment D: 0.68%Ca.0.48% tP + 5 μg/kg of 1α-OH-D3). Results showed that body weight gain(BWG) and feed intake(FI) of broilers in treatment B were similar to those of broilers in treatment A at the end of the trial(P < 0.05).Broilers in treatments C and D had lower BWG and FI than those in treatment A during the whole trial(P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio, carcass traits and relative weight of lymphoid organs were not affected by dietary treatments(P> 0.05). Dietary treatments had no significant effect on antibody titers against Newcastle and Influenza disease viruses as well as sheep red blood cells. Dietary treatments had no significant effects on tibia ash and tibial dyschondroplasia score. Broilers fed Ca-P deficient diets had lower tibia Ca and P than those in treatment A(P < 0.05). In conclusion, results indicated that broilers fed Ca-P deficient diets supplemented with 5 μg/kg la-OH-D3 failed to achieve the same tibia Ca and P values as broilers fed nonphytate phosphorus adequate diets.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(2017ZX07202005).
文摘Phosphorus(P)is an essential and limited resource.Incineration sewage sludge ash(ISSA)contains a high amount of P,which can be recovered using chemical leaching methods.However,the recovery ratio depends on the speciation of P and the leaching conditions.In this study,hydrochloric acid was used as a leaching agent,and the effects of the hydrochloric acid concentration,leaching time,temperature,and liquid-solid ratio on the P leaching ratio were investigated.Furthermore,the co-leaching of macro-metals Ca,Al,Fe,and Mg was analyzed.The results showed that P leached rapidly within 30 min,where the leaching rate reached more than 80%and then gradually stabilized.The leaching concentrations of Ca and Mg had a significant correlation(correlation coefficient r^(2)>0.90),and both were leached completely.Al and P had similar leaching patterns,where the leaching rates increased initially and then decreased with time at 0.2 mol/L HCl.According to X-ray diffraction analysis and Rietveld refinement,the P in ISSA was mainly present in the forms of Mg_(3)Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(4) and AlPO_(4).When leached using 0.2 mol/L HCl at 55℃ with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 20 L/kg,the AlPO_(4) and Fe_(3)(H_(2)O)_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) in ISSA dissolved initially and then precipitated on the surface of the solid phase,thereby impeding further P leaching.
基金This work is supported by Doctoral Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(20130008120004)Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2015SYL004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51576206).
文摘Hydrothermal liquefaction(HTL)has been studied as a promising technology for converting wet biomass into bio-crude oil and the nutrient-rich post-hydrothermal liquefaction wastewater(PHWW)could be reused for algae and bacteria production.However,the PHWW from HTL contains various types of contaminants that need to be removed before reuse.Too high nutrients(nitrogen and phosphorous)contents,such as ammonium,are inhibitive to algal growth and bacteria species in anaerobic process.It is desirable to reduce nutrients concentration in PHWW to an acceptable level using zeolite adsorption.This study investigated nitrogen and phosphorous adsorption efficiencies from PHWW using three types of zeolites:activated clinoptilolite,natural clinoptilolite and Na-modified zeolite.Effects of ions and pH in the adsorption process were also investigated.Results showed that three zeolite variables affecting ammonium adsorption process could be ranked as follows:zeolite dosage>type>particle size,via an orthogonal experiment design.Activated clinoptilolite,with a particle size of 0.18-0.30 mm and a dosage of 0.4 g/mL demonstrated the highest ammonium adsorption efficiency of 54.92%.Zeolite could also adsorb organic nitrogen and had a high adsorption efficiency of phosphorous(97.85%).This study showed that zeolite is effective to adsorb nutrients in PHWW.The adsorption treated PHWW can then be used for culturing algae or anaerobic treatment,and the adsorbed nutrients can be reused later.
