Thalidomide （α-N-phthalimido-glutarimide, TLD） is a kind of anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory drug, and showed effects in the treatment of several disease entities. In this study, the biological effects of a no...Thalidomide （α-N-phthalimido-glutarimide, TLD） is a kind of anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory drug, and showed effects in the treatment of several disease entities. In this study, the biological effects of a novel N-sugar substituted phthalimide （STA-35） on the regulation of multidrug resistance （MDR） to doxorubicin （ADR） were investigated. The proliferation of cancer cells was detected by a SRB assay. The activity of P-glycoprotein （P-gp） was determined by a Flow cytometry. The expression of P-gp was measured by western blotting. The results showed that STA-35 inhibited the proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and its ADR resistant cell line MCF-7/ADR, and the relative resistance was only 1.19. Meanwhile, STA-35 could sensitize the cytotoxicity of ADR in MCF-7/ADR cells. In addition, we found that STA-35 reduced the activity of P-gp by suppressing the P-gp expression, which was indicated by the increase in the accumulation of rhodamine 123 in MCF-7/ADR cells. These results suggested a promising application of STA-35 as the MDR reversing agent. The underlying mechanism of the effects might be attributed to the inhibition of P-gp.展开更多
A new synthetic process of N-arylphthalimide and halo-containing N-arylphthalimides through the reaction between phthalic anhydride and aromatic amines bearing halo groups in [bmim][BF4] was described, ionic liquid [b...A new synthetic process of N-arylphthalimide and halo-containing N-arylphthalimides through the reaction between phthalic anhydride and aromatic amines bearing halo groups in [bmim][BF4] was described, ionic liquid [bmim][BF4] acted as the dual role of solvent and promoter.展开更多
In this study, several N-(p-substituted-arylsulfonyl)phthalimides (1a-e) were synthesized. The synthesized compounds were then examined with respect to their substitution reactions with t-butylamine, diethylamine, cyc...In this study, several N-(p-substituted-arylsulfonyl)phthalimides (1a-e) were synthesized. The synthesized compounds were then examined with respect to their substitution reactions with t-butylamine, diethylamine, cyclohexylamine, and trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane in acetonitrile. In order to determine the mechanism, substituent effect, activation entropy, and nucleophile effect were used as criteria.展开更多
An efficient and mild method for the direct conversion of alcohols into N-alkylphthalimides using 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and dimethylformamide was described.The reaction was preceded via(alcoxymethylene) dimet...An efficient and mild method for the direct conversion of alcohols into N-alkylphthalimides using 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and dimethylformamide was described.The reaction was preceded via(alcoxymethylene) dimethylammonium chloride intermediate and produced corresponding N-alkylphthalimides in good-to-excellent yields.展开更多
Comprehensive Summary A visible-light mediated exclusively regioselective synthesis of 2,2-disubstituted thio-functionalized tetrahydrofurans,tetrahydro-pyrans and oxepanes has been described through an operationally ...Comprehensive Summary A visible-light mediated exclusively regioselective synthesis of 2,2-disubstituted thio-functionalized tetrahydrofurans,tetrahydro-pyrans and oxepanes has been described through an operationally simple and mild photoredox protocol.Thiyl radical generated from N-phenylsulfenyl phthalimide by photoredox catalysis was proven to be the key reactive intermediate in this reaction.展开更多
Herein,we report an efficient,tunable system for electrochemical reduction of ketones and phthalimides at room temperature without the need for stoichiometric external reductants.By utilizing NaN_(3) as the electrolyt...Herein,we report an efficient,tunable system for electrochemical reduction of ketones and phthalimides at room temperature without the need for stoichiometric external reductants.By utilizing NaN_(3) as the electrolyte and graphite felt as both the cathode and the anode,we were able to selectively reduce the carbonyl groups of the substrates to alcohols,pinacols,or methylene groups by judiciously choosing the solvent and an acidic additive.The reaction conditions were compatible with a diverse array of functional groups,and phthalimides could undergo one-pot reductive cyclization to afford products with indolizidine scaffolds.Mechanistic studies showed that the reactions involved electron,proton,and hydrogen atom transfers.Importantly,an N_(3)/HN_(3) cycle operated as a hydrogen atom shuttle,which was critical for reduction of the carbonyl groups to methylene groups.展开更多
The reactions of N-substituted saccharins and phthalimides with amines were promoted by water.Various o-sulfamoyl benzamides and N,N′-disubstituted phthalamides were prepared in moderate to good yields.These reaction...The reactions of N-substituted saccharins and phthalimides with amines were promoted by water.Various o-sulfamoyl benzamides and N,N′-disubstituted phthalamides were prepared in moderate to good yields.These reactions have prominent advantages,such as short reaction time,less by-products and simple isolation of the products.Water can probably stabilize the reaction intermediates and facilitate precipitation of the ring-opening products.When steric hindrance arose,hydrolytic compounds,either free acid or salts of the acids,were obtained.Possible reason for the formation of amine salts of o-sulfamoyl benzoic acids was proposed.展开更多
A series of novel phthalimides was prepared and tested for antifungal activity in vitro against seven phytopa- thogenic fungi： Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum Owen., Botrytis cinerea, Fulvia ...A series of novel phthalimides was prepared and tested for antifungal activity in vitro against seven phytopa- thogenic fungi： Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum Owen., Botrytis cinerea, Fulvia fulva, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum de Bary, Phytophthora capsici, Botryosphaeria berengeriama. The results showed that those compounds holding the structure of 6-methylpyridin-2-yl exhibited good activity against Phytophthora capsici and Botrytis cinerea.展开更多
The cytochrome bc1complex(the bc1complex or complex Ⅲ) is an attractive target for the discovery of numerous pharmaceuticals and pesticides. In order to identify new lead structures for this target, a new series of m...The cytochrome bc1complex(the bc1complex or complex Ⅲ) is an attractive target for the discovery of numerous pharmaceuticals and pesticides. In order to identify new lead structures for this target, a new series of molecules, N-(4-aryloxyphenyl)phthalimides, were designed and synthesized in a straightforward manner. Our design strategy was to introduce a 4-aryloxyphenyl group, a fragment which exhibited promising bc1complex-inhibiting properties, into the aryl group of the valuable N-arylphthalimide backbone. Afterward, the biochemical evaluation of the newly synthesized compounds was carried out,and the results implied that several compounds demonstrated good activities against succinatecytochrome reductase(SCR, a mixture of mitochondrial complex Ⅱ and the bc1complex). Further studies confirmed that 3e’, a representative compound in this paper, was identified as an inhibitor of the bc1complex. Furthermore, computational simulations were also performed to better understand binding of 3e’ to the enzyme complex, which indicated that 3e’ should bind to the Qosite of the bc1complex.Consequently, we harbor the idea that this paper can provide a solid platform for synthesis and discovery of other bc1complex inhibitors.展开更多
The present study was designed to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of series phthalimides possessing an N-aromatic amines moiety substituted at position 2 （2-7）. The compounds synthesized using phthalic anhydri...The present study was designed to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of series phthalimides possessing an N-aromatic amines moiety substituted at position 2 （2-7）. The compounds synthesized using phthalic anhydride and various amines in reflux synthesizer. The chemical structures of the titled compound were confirmed by physical and spectra analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vivo for antiepileptic activity by using standard experimental models. Compounds： 2-（3H-1, 2, 4-Triazole-3-y） isoindoline-1, 3-dione （2）, Ethyl-4（1, 3-dioxoisoindoline-2-yl） benzoate 3 and 2-（4-nitrophenyl） isoindoline-1,3dione （7） were found significantly （P 〈 0.01-0.00001） delayed the onset and antagonized picrotoxin-induced seizures.展开更多
A series of new norspermidine derivatives, both nonionic and cationic, have been obtained. Structures of the synthesized compounds have been estab-lished by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, mass spectrometry and element...A series of new norspermidine derivatives, both nonionic and cationic, have been obtained. Structures of the synthesized compounds have been estab-lished by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analyses. Physicochemical and anti-microbial properties have been discussed.展开更多
A series of heterocycle-substituted phthalimide derivatives were synthesized.Structurally diverse derivatives with heterocyclic rings,including furan,imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine,1,3,4-thiadiazine,imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiad...A series of heterocycle-substituted phthalimide derivatives were synthesized.Structurally diverse derivatives with heterocyclic rings,including furan,imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine,1,3,4-thiadiazine,imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine,pyrazole,1,2,4-triazolo[3,4- b][1,3,4]thiadiazine,thiazole and thiazoline,were obtained by the reactions ofα-bromoketone intermediate with various nucleophiles containing oxygen,nitrogen and sulfur atom.Their cytotoxic activity was also evaluated against five human cancer cell lines in vitro.展开更多
An unusual reductive ring-opening reaction of phthalimide with sodium hydride in anhydrous DMF was observed for the first time. The presumed mechanism was described in detail.
We have designed and synthesized a series of new phthalimidopiperazines, biological activity test show that the target compounds(Ic, Ie, ii) can inhibit HIV-I RT with IC50 20.0, 43.8, and 63.7 mu M, respectively.
PhSe-Na+ generated in situ by reduction of PhSeSePh, with sodium borohydride on reaction with N-(2-bromoethyl) phthalimide in N2 atmosphere results in the formation of N-[2-(phenylseleno)ethyl]phthalimide (L1). The ti...PhSe-Na+ generated in situ by reduction of PhSeSePh, with sodium borohydride on reaction with N-(2-bromoethyl) phthalimide in N2 atmosphere results in the formation of N-[2-(phenylseleno)ethyl]phthalimide (L1). The title compound has been characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR techniques. The crystal structure of L1 has been solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least squares. The ligand L1 crystallize in the monoclinic space group. Selenium forms two Se-C linkages, one is due to Se-Calkyl and the other one to Se-Caryl. Further, the ligation reaction of L1 with complex 1 is also explored whose identities are characterized by spectroscopic techniques.展开更多
N-Hydroxyphthalimide(NHPI)esters have emerged as powerful sources of alkyl radicals generated by single-electron transfer,but homolysis of NHPI ester to produce an alkyl radical and a phthalimide nitrogen radical is s...N-Hydroxyphthalimide(NHPI)esters have emerged as powerful sources of alkyl radicals generated by single-electron transfer,but homolysis of NHPI ester to produce an alkyl radical and a phthalimide nitrogen radical is still in its infancy.In this study,we developed a light-induced method for generation of alkyl and phthalimide nitrogen radicals from NHPI esters and subsequent reactions of the radicals with[1.1.1]propellane and aryl aldehydes for rapid generation of bicycle[1.1.1]pentane ketones.This method does not require metals or photosensitizers,features a broad substrate scope(90 examples)and excellent functional group tolerance,and can be used for the functionalization of structurally complex natural products and drugs.Mechanistic investigations indicate that the reaction involves photoinduced homolytic cleavage of the Cs_(2)CO_(3)-NHPI ester complex to produce alkyl and phthalimide nitrogen radicals and subsequent hydrogen atom transfer between the phthalimide nitrogen radical and the aldehyde to generate an acyl radical.展开更多
Quaternary approach has been receiving more and more attention due to its effectiveness in improving solar cell performance, while synthesis/selection of the fourth component is yet a key issue. Herein, we report a ch...Quaternary approach has been receiving more and more attention due to its effectiveness in improving solar cell performance, while synthesis/selection of the fourth component is yet a key issue. Herein, we report a chlorinated phthalimide based donor polymer(namely Ph I-Cl) having an ultra-wide bandgap(2.10 e V) and a deep HOMO(-5.58 e V) level. Addition of Ph I-Cl as the third component of PM6:Y6 and the fourth of PM6:Y6:PC71BM increases both hole and electron mobilities and gives rise to more balanced charge carriers mobilities. Both the short-circuit current-density and fill-factor are increased and open-circuit voltage is well maintained, delivering 17.0% and 18.1% efficiencies, respectively. These results demonstrate that chlorination on the side thiophene of phthalimide-based donor polymer is a way to make deep HOMO and ultra-wide bandgap donor polymer guest used for highly efficient ternary and quaternary strategies.展开更多
基金National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant No.30330690 and 30672525)Grant from the State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs,Peking University.
文摘Thalidomide （α-N-phthalimido-glutarimide, TLD） is a kind of anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory drug, and showed effects in the treatment of several disease entities. In this study, the biological effects of a novel N-sugar substituted phthalimide （STA-35） on the regulation of multidrug resistance （MDR） to doxorubicin （ADR） were investigated. The proliferation of cancer cells was detected by a SRB assay. The activity of P-glycoprotein （P-gp） was determined by a Flow cytometry. The expression of P-gp was measured by western blotting. The results showed that STA-35 inhibited the proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and its ADR resistant cell line MCF-7/ADR, and the relative resistance was only 1.19. Meanwhile, STA-35 could sensitize the cytotoxicity of ADR in MCF-7/ADR cells. In addition, we found that STA-35 reduced the activity of P-gp by suppressing the P-gp expression, which was indicated by the increase in the accumulation of rhodamine 123 in MCF-7/ADR cells. These results suggested a promising application of STA-35 as the MDR reversing agent. The underlying mechanism of the effects might be attributed to the inhibition of P-gp.
文摘A new synthetic process of N-arylphthalimide and halo-containing N-arylphthalimides through the reaction between phthalic anhydride and aromatic amines bearing halo groups in [bmim][BF4] was described, ionic liquid [bmim][BF4] acted as the dual role of solvent and promoter.
文摘In this study, several N-(p-substituted-arylsulfonyl)phthalimides (1a-e) were synthesized. The synthesized compounds were then examined with respect to their substitution reactions with t-butylamine, diethylamine, cyclohexylamine, and trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane in acetonitrile. In order to determine the mechanism, substituent effect, activation entropy, and nucleophile effect were used as criteria.
基金Shahid Chamran University Research Council,Ahvaz,for financial support of this investigation(No.87)
文摘An efficient and mild method for the direct conversion of alcohols into N-alkylphthalimides using 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and dimethylformamide was described.The reaction was preceded via(alcoxymethylene) dimethylammonium chloride intermediate and produced corresponding N-alkylphthalimides in good-to-excellent yields.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22171177,51973107)the Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(1922003)+1 种基金the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(2019B030302009)the Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Pearl River Scholar Funded Scheme2019(GDUPS2019).
文摘Comprehensive Summary A visible-light mediated exclusively regioselective synthesis of 2,2-disubstituted thio-functionalized tetrahydrofurans,tetrahydro-pyrans and oxepanes has been described through an operationally simple and mild photoredox protocol.Thiyl radical generated from N-phenylsulfenyl phthalimide by photoredox catalysis was proven to be the key reactive intermediate in this reaction.
基金We are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22001128)the National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20200847)the National Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine(No.NZY22001128).
文摘Herein,we report an efficient,tunable system for electrochemical reduction of ketones and phthalimides at room temperature without the need for stoichiometric external reductants.By utilizing NaN_(3) as the electrolyte and graphite felt as both the cathode and the anode,we were able to selectively reduce the carbonyl groups of the substrates to alcohols,pinacols,or methylene groups by judiciously choosing the solvent and an acidic additive.The reaction conditions were compatible with a diverse array of functional groups,and phthalimides could undergo one-pot reductive cyclization to afford products with indolizidine scaffolds.Mechanistic studies showed that the reactions involved electron,proton,and hydrogen atom transfers.Importantly,an N_(3)/HN_(3) cycle operated as a hydrogen atom shuttle,which was critical for reduction of the carbonyl groups to methylene groups.
基金We thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20802049)for financial support.
文摘The reactions of N-substituted saccharins and phthalimides with amines were promoted by water.Various o-sulfamoyl benzamides and N,N′-disubstituted phthalamides were prepared in moderate to good yields.These reactions have prominent advantages,such as short reaction time,less by-products and simple isolation of the products.Water can probably stabilize the reaction intermediates and facilitate precipitation of the ring-opening products.When steric hindrance arose,hydrolytic compounds,either free acid or salts of the acids,were obtained.Possible reason for the formation of amine salts of o-sulfamoyl benzoic acids was proposed.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 20432010, 20702027）, National Program on Key Basic Research Project （No. 2003CB 114403）, Project of China Ministry of Science and Technology （No. 2008DFA30770）, Key （Key grant） Project of Chinese Ministry of Education （No. 104189）, Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths （No. 2009021041-1）, Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin （No. 07JCYBJC00100） and Startup Foundation for Doctors of Shanxi Medical University （No. 200631）.
文摘A series of novel phthalimides was prepared and tested for antifungal activity in vitro against seven phytopa- thogenic fungi： Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum Owen., Botrytis cinerea, Fulvia fulva, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum de Bary, Phytophthora capsici, Botryosphaeria berengeriama. The results showed that those compounds holding the structure of 6-methylpyridin-2-yl exhibited good activity against Phytophthora capsici and Botrytis cinerea.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21502062,21272091 and 21472063)Hubei Provincial Department of Education(No.Q20102606)+3 种基金Xiangyang Science and Technology Bureau(No.2010GG1B33)Structural Biomedicine and Pharmacochemistry of Hubei University of Arts and Sciencethe support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(No.18-29-04047)the Tomsk Polytechnic University Competitiveness Enhancement Program grant(No.VIU-195/2018)
文摘The cytochrome bc1complex(the bc1complex or complex Ⅲ) is an attractive target for the discovery of numerous pharmaceuticals and pesticides. In order to identify new lead structures for this target, a new series of molecules, N-(4-aryloxyphenyl)phthalimides, were designed and synthesized in a straightforward manner. Our design strategy was to introduce a 4-aryloxyphenyl group, a fragment which exhibited promising bc1complex-inhibiting properties, into the aryl group of the valuable N-arylphthalimide backbone. Afterward, the biochemical evaluation of the newly synthesized compounds was carried out,and the results implied that several compounds demonstrated good activities against succinatecytochrome reductase(SCR, a mixture of mitochondrial complex Ⅱ and the bc1complex). Further studies confirmed that 3e’, a representative compound in this paper, was identified as an inhibitor of the bc1complex. Furthermore, computational simulations were also performed to better understand binding of 3e’ to the enzyme complex, which indicated that 3e’ should bind to the Qosite of the bc1complex.Consequently, we harbor the idea that this paper can provide a solid platform for synthesis and discovery of other bc1complex inhibitors.
文摘The present study was designed to investigate the anticonvulsant effect of series phthalimides possessing an N-aromatic amines moiety substituted at position 2 （2-7）. The compounds synthesized using phthalic anhydride and various amines in reflux synthesizer. The chemical structures of the titled compound were confirmed by physical and spectra analysis. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vivo for antiepileptic activity by using standard experimental models. Compounds： 2-（3H-1, 2, 4-Triazole-3-y） isoindoline-1, 3-dione （2）, Ethyl-4（1, 3-dioxoisoindoline-2-yl） benzoate 3 and 2-（4-nitrophenyl） isoindoline-1,3dione （7） were found significantly （P 〈 0.01-0.00001） delayed the onset and antagonized picrotoxin-induced seizures.
文摘A series of new norspermidine derivatives, both nonionic and cationic, have been obtained. Structures of the synthesized compounds have been estab-lished by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, mass spectrometry and elemental analyses. Physicochemical and anti-microbial properties have been discussed.
文摘A series of heterocycle-substituted phthalimide derivatives were synthesized.Structurally diverse derivatives with heterocyclic rings,including furan,imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine,1,3,4-thiadiazine,imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine,pyrazole,1,2,4-triazolo[3,4- b][1,3,4]thiadiazine,thiazole and thiazoline,were obtained by the reactions ofα-bromoketone intermediate with various nucleophiles containing oxygen,nitrogen and sulfur atom.Their cytotoxic activity was also evaluated against five human cancer cell lines in vitro.
文摘An unusual reductive ring-opening reaction of phthalimide with sodium hydride in anhydrous DMF was observed for the first time. The presumed mechanism was described in detail.
文摘We have designed and synthesized a series of new phthalimidopiperazines, biological activity test show that the target compounds(Ic, Ie, ii) can inhibit HIV-I RT with IC50 20.0, 43.8, and 63.7 mu M, respectively.
文摘PhSe-Na+ generated in situ by reduction of PhSeSePh, with sodium borohydride on reaction with N-(2-bromoethyl) phthalimide in N2 atmosphere results in the formation of N-[2-(phenylseleno)ethyl]phthalimide (L1). The title compound has been characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR techniques. The crystal structure of L1 has been solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least squares. The ligand L1 crystallize in the monoclinic space group. Selenium forms two Se-C linkages, one is due to Se-Calkyl and the other one to Se-Caryl. Further, the ligation reaction of L1 with complex 1 is also explored whose identities are characterized by spectroscopic techniques.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22171174)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202207015,GK202304033,GK202401008)+5 种基金the Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(2023-CX-TD-28)the Fundamental Science Research Project of Shaanxi for Chemistry,Biology(22JHZ002)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2023-JC-YB-100)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732165)the Shaanxi Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023BSHYDZZ107)the Young Talent Fund of Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China(20240606)。
文摘N-Hydroxyphthalimide(NHPI)esters have emerged as powerful sources of alkyl radicals generated by single-electron transfer,but homolysis of NHPI ester to produce an alkyl radical and a phthalimide nitrogen radical is still in its infancy.In this study,we developed a light-induced method for generation of alkyl and phthalimide nitrogen radicals from NHPI esters and subsequent reactions of the radicals with[1.1.1]propellane and aryl aldehydes for rapid generation of bicycle[1.1.1]pentane ketones.This method does not require metals or photosensitizers,features a broad substrate scope(90 examples)and excellent functional group tolerance,and can be used for the functionalization of structurally complex natural products and drugs.Mechanistic investigations indicate that the reaction involves photoinduced homolytic cleavage of the Cs_(2)CO_(3)-NHPI ester complex to produce alkyl and phthalimide nitrogen radicals and subsequent hydrogen atom transfer between the phthalimide nitrogen radical and the aldehyde to generate an acyl radical.
基金the financial support of the Department of Science and Technology of Inner Mongolia (No.2020GG0192)Grassland Talents (No. CYYC10031)+1 种基金Inner Mongolia Normal University (No. 112/1004031962)the financial support of Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Environment Security of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China (No. XTCX003)。
文摘Quaternary approach has been receiving more and more attention due to its effectiveness in improving solar cell performance, while synthesis/selection of the fourth component is yet a key issue. Herein, we report a chlorinated phthalimide based donor polymer(namely Ph I-Cl) having an ultra-wide bandgap(2.10 e V) and a deep HOMO(-5.58 e V) level. Addition of Ph I-Cl as the third component of PM6:Y6 and the fourth of PM6:Y6:PC71BM increases both hole and electron mobilities and gives rise to more balanced charge carriers mobilities. Both the short-circuit current-density and fill-factor are increased and open-circuit voltage is well maintained, delivering 17.0% and 18.1% efficiencies, respectively. These results demonstrate that chlorination on the side thiophene of phthalimide-based donor polymer is a way to make deep HOMO and ultra-wide bandgap donor polymer guest used for highly efficient ternary and quaternary strategies.
