The Qiang ethnic group in southern Songpan county lives in vernacular plank houses(VPHs) with an architectural tradition that dates to the period of the ancient Di people.VPHs are now mainly constructed in settlements...The Qiang ethnic group in southern Songpan county lives in vernacular plank houses(VPHs) with an architectural tradition that dates to the period of the ancient Di people.VPHs are now mainly constructed in settlements of ethnic groups such as Baima Tibetans, Amdo Tibetans, and the Qiang people living in Wenxian county, Longnan city of Gansu province, and Maoxian, Lixian, Wenchuan, and Beichuan of Sichuan province respectively.Although VPHs of the Qiang people living in southern Songpan share many similarities with those of adjacent Tibetans in structure, construction, and spatial layout, they feature the Qiang people's unique architectural culture, and reflect a style transition from VPHs in the north to blockhouses in the south.The VPHs, as represented by those in Xiaoxinggou, play a significant role in the diversified architectural culture of this ethnic group.Their unique cultural value is worthy of further exploration and protection.展开更多
Based on Vd = K equation and the consideration that maximum velocity is “velocity of light”, diameter of a space time for a particular fundamental force has been calculated. With Siva’s classical equation for space...Based on Vd = K equation and the consideration that maximum velocity is “velocity of light”, diameter of a space time for a particular fundamental force has been calculated. With Siva’s classical equation for space time, the quantity of fundamental force has been calculated in terms of relative energy with photon. This has been converted into relative force and the relative forces interpreted in terms of coupling constants of fundamental forces. All the fundamental forces are manifestation of space time material only. Space time will be different for different fundamental forces and their elementary force carrying particles. Specially, it has elaborated the difference between mass and energy for gravity space time. A generalized equation of space time and coupling constants has been derived. This equation can be used to calculate the space time parameters of other fundamental forces by knowing the coupling constant and vice versa. Space time parameters will be different for fundamental forces. In order to keep the parameters such as c,G,h,lp,tp and mp applicable to all other fundamental forces, a new parameter Siva’s constant “K” has been introduced. Thus all the observations are based on “K” and transformation is possible by a new additional parameter “K” such that c=h=G=K=1 instead of c=h=G=1. Ultimately, this paper may be a ground work to discuss lot of issues such as “consciousness” and “decoding of quantum information” in future.展开更多
At present,there are many studies on linear cultural heritage in China.Some achievements have been made in discussions on related topics such as the Ancient Tea-Horse Road,the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal,and the Anci...At present,there are many studies on linear cultural heritage in China.Some achievements have been made in discussions on related topics such as the Ancient Tea-Horse Road,the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal,and the Ancient Hui-Hangzhou Road.However,there are few studies on the special linear landscapes ancient plank roads.With the establishment of the Three Gorges Project and the increase of the water level in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,most of the ancient plank roads have been submerged,and the related research has come to an abrupt end.In this study,through field visits and on-site surveys of Wuyan ancient plank roads,the preservation status and usage of the ancient plank roads were studied,and existing problems,cultural values,protection methods and utilization strategies were discussed to provide effective reference for protecting ancient plank roads and ancillary cultural heritage,and promoting the development of local modern tourism and traditional handicrafts.展开更多
Different extensions, such as Transition State theory of Eyring-Polanyi-Evans model of the original Born-Kramers-Slater Model for the Velocity of Chemical Reactions are discussed based on Smoluchowski and Fokker-Plank...Different extensions, such as Transition State theory of Eyring-Polanyi-Evans model of the original Born-Kramers-Slater Model for the Velocity of Chemical Reactions are discussed based on Smoluchowski and Fokker-Plank equations with various properties of Brownian motion and including 1-, 2-, 3-, and multi- dimensional models with applications in Neuroscience.展开更多
Information is given on thermal radiation from the Sun, considered in practical engineering calculations of heat exchange. It was found that although the surface temperature of the Sun is assumed to be about 5800 K, t...Information is given on thermal radiation from the Sun, considered in practical engineering calculations of heat exchange. It was found that although the surface temperature of the Sun is assumed to be about 5800 K, the solar spectrum data measured by Kondratyev lead to a value of at least 7134 K. Such a higher value can be obtained by interpreting the Planck formula for the black radiation spectrum for the Kondratyev data. In addition, using the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the energetic emissivity of the Sun’s surface was determined to be 0.431. Furthermore, based on Petela’s formulae for exergy of thermal radiation, the exergetic emissivity of the Sun’s surface was also calculated at the level of 0.426.展开更多
The frequency of any periodic event can be defined in terms of units of Time. Planck constructed a unit of time called the Plank time from other physical constants. Vyasa defined a natural unit of time, kshana, or mom...The frequency of any periodic event can be defined in terms of units of Time. Planck constructed a unit of time called the Plank time from other physical constants. Vyasa defined a natural unit of time, kshana, or moment based on the motion of a fundamental particle. It is the time taken by an elementary particle, to change its direction from east to north. According to Vyasa, kshana is discrete, exceedingly small, indivisible, and is a constant time quantum. When the intrinsic spin angular momentum of an electron was related to the angular momentum of a simple thin circular plate, spherical shell, and solid sphere model of an electron, we found that the value of kshana in seconds was equal to ten to a power of minus twenty-one second. The disc model for the spinning electron provides an accurate value of the number of kshanas per second as determined previously and compared with other spinning models of electrons. These results indicate that the disk-like model of spinning electrons is the correct model for electrons. Vyasa’s definition of kshana opens the possibility of a new foundation for the theory of physical time, and perspectives in theoretical and philosophical research.展开更多
基金the findings of a “Study on Architectural Culture Fusion in the Ethnic Corridor Area: A Case Study of Qiang Architecture in the Upper Reaches of the Minjiang River” (13XJC850002)a cultural and social science research project of the Ministry of Education in 2013the findings of a discipline project (Studies on Bashu Culture) of Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences。
文摘The Qiang ethnic group in southern Songpan county lives in vernacular plank houses(VPHs) with an architectural tradition that dates to the period of the ancient Di people.VPHs are now mainly constructed in settlements of ethnic groups such as Baima Tibetans, Amdo Tibetans, and the Qiang people living in Wenxian county, Longnan city of Gansu province, and Maoxian, Lixian, Wenchuan, and Beichuan of Sichuan province respectively.Although VPHs of the Qiang people living in southern Songpan share many similarities with those of adjacent Tibetans in structure, construction, and spatial layout, they feature the Qiang people's unique architectural culture, and reflect a style transition from VPHs in the north to blockhouses in the south.The VPHs, as represented by those in Xiaoxinggou, play a significant role in the diversified architectural culture of this ethnic group.Their unique cultural value is worthy of further exploration and protection.
文摘Based on Vd = K equation and the consideration that maximum velocity is “velocity of light”, diameter of a space time for a particular fundamental force has been calculated. With Siva’s classical equation for space time, the quantity of fundamental force has been calculated in terms of relative energy with photon. This has been converted into relative force and the relative forces interpreted in terms of coupling constants of fundamental forces. All the fundamental forces are manifestation of space time material only. Space time will be different for different fundamental forces and their elementary force carrying particles. Specially, it has elaborated the difference between mass and energy for gravity space time. A generalized equation of space time and coupling constants has been derived. This equation can be used to calculate the space time parameters of other fundamental forces by knowing the coupling constant and vice versa. Space time parameters will be different for fundamental forces. In order to keep the parameters such as c,G,h,lp,tp and mp applicable to all other fundamental forces, a new parameter Siva’s constant “K” has been introduced. Thus all the observations are based on “K” and transformation is possible by a new additional parameter “K” such that c=h=G=K=1 instead of c=h=G=1. Ultimately, this paper may be a ground work to discuss lot of issues such as “consciousness” and “decoding of quantum information” in future.
基金Sponsored by Research and Innovation Project for Postgraduates of Chongqing Jiaotong University (CYS21363)。
文摘At present,there are many studies on linear cultural heritage in China.Some achievements have been made in discussions on related topics such as the Ancient Tea-Horse Road,the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal,and the Ancient Hui-Hangzhou Road.However,there are few studies on the special linear landscapes ancient plank roads.With the establishment of the Three Gorges Project and the increase of the water level in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,most of the ancient plank roads have been submerged,and the related research has come to an abrupt end.In this study,through field visits and on-site surveys of Wuyan ancient plank roads,the preservation status and usage of the ancient plank roads were studied,and existing problems,cultural values,protection methods and utilization strategies were discussed to provide effective reference for protecting ancient plank roads and ancillary cultural heritage,and promoting the development of local modern tourism and traditional handicrafts.
文摘Different extensions, such as Transition State theory of Eyring-Polanyi-Evans model of the original Born-Kramers-Slater Model for the Velocity of Chemical Reactions are discussed based on Smoluchowski and Fokker-Plank equations with various properties of Brownian motion and including 1-, 2-, 3-, and multi- dimensional models with applications in Neuroscience.
文摘Information is given on thermal radiation from the Sun, considered in practical engineering calculations of heat exchange. It was found that although the surface temperature of the Sun is assumed to be about 5800 K, the solar spectrum data measured by Kondratyev lead to a value of at least 7134 K. Such a higher value can be obtained by interpreting the Planck formula for the black radiation spectrum for the Kondratyev data. In addition, using the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the energetic emissivity of the Sun’s surface was determined to be 0.431. Furthermore, based on Petela’s formulae for exergy of thermal radiation, the exergetic emissivity of the Sun’s surface was also calculated at the level of 0.426.
文摘The frequency of any periodic event can be defined in terms of units of Time. Planck constructed a unit of time called the Plank time from other physical constants. Vyasa defined a natural unit of time, kshana, or moment based on the motion of a fundamental particle. It is the time taken by an elementary particle, to change its direction from east to north. According to Vyasa, kshana is discrete, exceedingly small, indivisible, and is a constant time quantum. When the intrinsic spin angular momentum of an electron was related to the angular momentum of a simple thin circular plate, spherical shell, and solid sphere model of an electron, we found that the value of kshana in seconds was equal to ten to a power of minus twenty-one second. The disc model for the spinning electron provides an accurate value of the number of kshanas per second as determined previously and compared with other spinning models of electrons. These results indicate that the disk-like model of spinning electrons is the correct model for electrons. Vyasa’s definition of kshana opens the possibility of a new foundation for the theory of physical time, and perspectives in theoretical and philosophical research.
