Based on the study on cultivation models of soybean narrow-row-flat-dense planting under the conditions of different between-row spacing and inter-plant spacing by using the comparison field experiment, and technical ...Based on the study on cultivation models of soybean narrow-row-flat-dense planting under the conditions of different between-row spacing and inter-plant spacing by using the comparison field experiment, and technical studies of the contour following the seeder unit, the anti-block, the lateral and stratified the deep fertilizing, according to the design ideas of planting units integration and variable between-row spacing from 30 to 45 cm, the 2BZJ-3/4 precision planter matched with 18-32 hp tractors has been developed for the popularization of the narrow-row-flat-dense planting soybean technique by means of Virtual Prototyping （VP） technology.展开更多
To effectively obtain the downforce of the gauge wheels in real time,mechanical models of the interaction among the ground,gauge wheels,gauge wheel arms,and depth adjustment lever were constructed.A measuring method w...To effectively obtain the downforce of the gauge wheels in real time,mechanical models of the interaction among the ground,gauge wheels,gauge wheel arms,and depth adjustment lever were constructed.A measuring method was proposed for monitoring the downforce through a two-dimensional radial sensing device,and a corresponding prototype was designed.Through simulation analysis of the sensing device with ANSYS,a 45°angle was determined to exist between the strain gauge axis and the sensing device axis,and the Wheatstone bridging circuit of R1+R3−R5−R7(R stands for resistance strain gauge,different figures represent the strain gauge number)and R2+R4−R6−R8 was adopted.According to performance and calibration tests for the sensing device,the maximum interaction effect between the X and Y axes was 2.52%,and the output signal was stable and consistent.The standard error of the slope of the fitting equation of the downforce calculation model is 0.008.According to the field test,the average downforce of the gauge wheels was 1148,1017,843,and 713 N,at different sowing speeds of 6,8,10,and 12 km/h,respectively.The coefficients of variation were 0.40,0.41,0.62,and 0.71,respectively.The results indicate that the downforce fluctuation of the gauge wheels became more severe with increasing planting speed.Both the strain simulation analysis and field test verified that the measurement method is accurate and reliable,the performance of the sensing device is stable,the measurement method and sensing device meet the application requirements and lay a foundation for the research of accurate and stable control of downforce of no-till planter.展开更多
Traditional passive ground wheel drive of peanut planters has displayed poor high-speed seeding performance and the slippage caused in case of sticky and wet soil.Given this,an integrated electric-driven precision see...Traditional passive ground wheel drive of peanut planters has displayed poor high-speed seeding performance and the slippage caused in case of sticky and wet soil.Given this,an integrated electric-driven precision seed metering device and controller were designed,which features the application of improved fuzzy PID algorithm.Based on a small peanut planter with one ridge width and duplicate rows,the servo motor drive is used to replace the traditional passive ground wheel.In addition,the satellite speed measurement is employed to complete the electric driving and controlling modification of the seed meter and precise seeding control.A working process mathematical model for the peanut metering device was established to conduct motor speed and field tests which aim at comparing performances between the conventional and the improved fuzzy PID controls.The motor speed trial shows that the average error of the actual speed of the improved fuzzy PID motor was±1 rad/min,and the coefficient of variation was less than 1%.Against the conventional one,it can better suppress overshoot and improve the response speed.The stable output speed can still be obtained even in case of step changes.Field tests show that when working at medium and low speeds,the qualified rate of plant spacing was greater than 98%,and the rate of missed sowing is<2%;while working at high speed,the qualified rate was greater than 94%,and the rate of missed sowing was less than 4%.The average plant spacing qualification rate of the seed device increased by 6.72%;compared with other electric-driven peanut seed meters,the plant spacing qualification rate increased by 4%during high-speed sowing.In summary,this study has provided an effective technical reference for high-speed precision planting of peanuts.展开更多
An adequate and uniform press wheel pressure is crucial for the homogeneous development of a crop,as it affects actual seeding depth and germination rate.The problems of uneven compaction of seed furrow and consistenc...An adequate and uniform press wheel pressure is crucial for the homogeneous development of a crop,as it affects actual seeding depth and germination rate.The problems of uneven compaction of seed furrow and consistency of seeding depth can be caused by the pressure fluctuation of the coil-spring pressure control device(CPCD)when the no-till planter is working on the unplowed ground.In this study,a pneumatic pressure control device(PPCD)was designed for the no-till planter,the key structural parameters of air spring for press wheel pressure(PWP)stability were determined by theoretical analysis and parameter calculation.Using the gas-structure coupling finite element simulation method(FESM),the piston radius,piston angle,and cord angle of the air spring are selected as the test factors,and the vertical stiffness was used as the test index to carry out the quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test to establish the regression model of test index and factor.The bench test of the PPCD was carried out under the optimal parameter combination,piston radius of 27.2 mm,piston angle of 11.7°,and cord angle of 30.0°.The vertical stiffness verification test showed that the simulation test was consistent with the bench test result,the vertical stiffness simulation error was 7.1%,and the internal air pressure simulation error was 3.0%;The control response test showed that the average response time of the air spring inflating and deflating was 0.80 s,the maximum overshoot was 4.33%during inflation,and no pressure overshoot during deflation;Under the condition of-40-40 mm surface relief height,the PPCD could effectively reduce the pressure fluctuation compared with the CPCD,and the average reduction of the pressure fluctuation was about 25.1%.展开更多
Aiming to solve the problem of small range of the appropriately sowing seeds existing in a vertical disc seed-metering device,the planter plate series with four sizes were developed according to the variety and size d...Aiming to solve the problem of small range of the appropriately sowing seeds existing in a vertical disc seed-metering device,the planter plate series with four sizes were developed according to the variety and size distribution of all soybeans in China.The structure and working principle of the vertical disc soybean seed-metering device were detailed,and the influence of the diameter of soybean on the working performance of the seed-metering device was analyzed through the software EDEM virtual simulation,so as to achieve the goal of covering the soybean seeds with all sizes by the minimum planter plate series as well as to obtain the most appropriate operating speed of each planter plate by optimization.For the planter plates with the hole diameter of 7,9,12,16 mm,the appropriate size ranges of sowing seeds are 4.5-6.0,6.0-8.0,8.0-10.5,10.5-13.0 mm,respectively,and the appropriate operating speeds are 9,8,7,6 km/h,respectively.The results show that this planter plate series can meet the requirements of seeding with all sizes of soybeans at the range of the most appropriate operating speed.The study method can provide a reference for design and optimization of precision planters.展开更多
No-till planters are very popular for maize seeding in fields covered with residue in annual wheat-maize double cropping system in North China Plain.However,there is no suitable depth control mechanism for existing no...No-till planters are very popular for maize seeding in fields covered with residue in annual wheat-maize double cropping system in North China Plain.However,there is no suitable depth control mechanism for existing no-till maize planters,and as a result,it is hard to obtain consistent planting depth,uniform emergence,and good passing ability at the same time.For the above reasons,a proper planting unit with a new type of depth-control mechanism was developed in this study.The mechanism consists of a single-side gauge wheel,a parallel four-bar linkage,a pair of double-disc opener,a V-shape press wheel and a depth regulator,which can adjust the planting depth from 30 mm to 90 mm to satisfy the agronomic requirement under different field conditions.Based on analysis and calculation,the width of gauge wheel was set to 50 mm while the length of parallel four-bar linkage was set to 350 mm.Field experiment was conducted and the results indicated that the newly designed planting unit with single-side gauge wheel performed well with regard to planting depth uniformity and anti-blocking ability.The planting depth uniformity and seed spacing quality were 95.45%and 91.90%,respectively,when the average height of stubble was 22.5 cm and residue amount was 0.64 kg/m^(2)in the field.It can satisfy the requirement of no-till maize planting on the cropland with residue and stubble in North China Plain.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key Technology R&D Program(2006BAD11A05)National Soybean Industry Technology System
文摘Based on the study on cultivation models of soybean narrow-row-flat-dense planting under the conditions of different between-row spacing and inter-plant spacing by using the comparison field experiment, and technical studies of the contour following the seeder unit, the anti-block, the lateral and stratified the deep fertilizing, according to the design ideas of planting units integration and variable between-row spacing from 30 to 45 cm, the 2BZJ-3/4 precision planter matched with 18-32 hp tractors has been developed for the popularization of the narrow-row-flat-dense planting soybean technique by means of Virtual Prototyping （VP） technology.
基金supported by the State’s Key Project of Research and Development Plan of China(Grant No.2021YFD2000401)the Heilongjiang Province Engineering Science and Technology Major Project of China(Grant No.2020ZX17B01)the National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Project(Grant No.GARS-04).
文摘To effectively obtain the downforce of the gauge wheels in real time,mechanical models of the interaction among the ground,gauge wheels,gauge wheel arms,and depth adjustment lever were constructed.A measuring method was proposed for monitoring the downforce through a two-dimensional radial sensing device,and a corresponding prototype was designed.Through simulation analysis of the sensing device with ANSYS,a 45°angle was determined to exist between the strain gauge axis and the sensing device axis,and the Wheatstone bridging circuit of R1+R3−R5−R7(R stands for resistance strain gauge,different figures represent the strain gauge number)and R2+R4−R6−R8 was adopted.According to performance and calibration tests for the sensing device,the maximum interaction effect between the X and Y axes was 2.52%,and the output signal was stable and consistent.The standard error of the slope of the fitting equation of the downforce calculation model is 0.008.According to the field test,the average downforce of the gauge wheels was 1148,1017,843,and 713 N,at different sowing speeds of 6,8,10,and 12 km/h,respectively.The coefficients of variation were 0.40,0.41,0.62,and 0.71,respectively.The results indicate that the downforce fluctuation of the gauge wheels became more severe with increasing planting speed.Both the strain simulation analysis and field test verified that the measurement method is accurate and reliable,the performance of the sensing device is stable,the measurement method and sensing device meet the application requirements and lay a foundation for the research of accurate and stable control of downforce of no-till planter.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.2018YF008-02)the Introduction and Education Program for young Talents in Shandong Colleges and universities.
文摘Traditional passive ground wheel drive of peanut planters has displayed poor high-speed seeding performance and the slippage caused in case of sticky and wet soil.Given this,an integrated electric-driven precision seed metering device and controller were designed,which features the application of improved fuzzy PID algorithm.Based on a small peanut planter with one ridge width and duplicate rows,the servo motor drive is used to replace the traditional passive ground wheel.In addition,the satellite speed measurement is employed to complete the electric driving and controlling modification of the seed meter and precise seeding control.A working process mathematical model for the peanut metering device was established to conduct motor speed and field tests which aim at comparing performances between the conventional and the improved fuzzy PID controls.The motor speed trial shows that the average error of the actual speed of the improved fuzzy PID motor was±1 rad/min,and the coefficient of variation was less than 1%.Against the conventional one,it can better suppress overshoot and improve the response speed.The stable output speed can still be obtained even in case of step changes.Field tests show that when working at medium and low speeds,the qualified rate of plant spacing was greater than 98%,and the rate of missed sowing is<2%;while working at high speed,the qualified rate was greater than 94%,and the rate of missed sowing was less than 4%.The average plant spacing qualification rate of the seed device increased by 6.72%;compared with other electric-driven peanut seed meters,the plant spacing qualification rate increased by 4%during high-speed sowing.In summary,this study has provided an effective technical reference for high-speed precision planting of peanuts.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52175260)Gratitude should be expressed to all the members of the Conservation Tillage Research Centre.
文摘An adequate and uniform press wheel pressure is crucial for the homogeneous development of a crop,as it affects actual seeding depth and germination rate.The problems of uneven compaction of seed furrow and consistency of seeding depth can be caused by the pressure fluctuation of the coil-spring pressure control device(CPCD)when the no-till planter is working on the unplowed ground.In this study,a pneumatic pressure control device(PPCD)was designed for the no-till planter,the key structural parameters of air spring for press wheel pressure(PWP)stability were determined by theoretical analysis and parameter calculation.Using the gas-structure coupling finite element simulation method(FESM),the piston radius,piston angle,and cord angle of the air spring are selected as the test factors,and the vertical stiffness was used as the test index to carry out the quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test to establish the regression model of test index and factor.The bench test of the PPCD was carried out under the optimal parameter combination,piston radius of 27.2 mm,piston angle of 11.7°,and cord angle of 30.0°.The vertical stiffness verification test showed that the simulation test was consistent with the bench test result,the vertical stiffness simulation error was 7.1%,and the internal air pressure simulation error was 3.0%;The control response test showed that the average response time of the air spring inflating and deflating was 0.80 s,the maximum overshoot was 4.33%during inflation,and no pressure overshoot during deflation;Under the condition of-40-40 mm surface relief height,the PPCD could effectively reduce the pressure fluctuation compared with the CPCD,and the average reduction of the pressure fluctuation was about 25.1%.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(51275086).
文摘Aiming to solve the problem of small range of the appropriately sowing seeds existing in a vertical disc seed-metering device,the planter plate series with four sizes were developed according to the variety and size distribution of all soybeans in China.The structure and working principle of the vertical disc soybean seed-metering device were detailed,and the influence of the diameter of soybean on the working performance of the seed-metering device was analyzed through the software EDEM virtual simulation,so as to achieve the goal of covering the soybean seeds with all sizes by the minimum planter plate series as well as to obtain the most appropriate operating speed of each planter plate by optimization.For the planter plates with the hole diameter of 7,9,12,16 mm,the appropriate size ranges of sowing seeds are 4.5-6.0,6.0-8.0,8.0-10.5,10.5-13.0 mm,respectively,and the appropriate operating speeds are 9,8,7,6 km/h,respectively.The results show that this planter plate series can meet the requirements of seeding with all sizes of soybeans at the range of the most appropriate operating speed.The study method can provide a reference for design and optimization of precision planters.
基金the supports of Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201503117)National Industry System of Corn Technology(CARS-02)。
文摘No-till planters are very popular for maize seeding in fields covered with residue in annual wheat-maize double cropping system in North China Plain.However,there is no suitable depth control mechanism for existing no-till maize planters,and as a result,it is hard to obtain consistent planting depth,uniform emergence,and good passing ability at the same time.For the above reasons,a proper planting unit with a new type of depth-control mechanism was developed in this study.The mechanism consists of a single-side gauge wheel,a parallel four-bar linkage,a pair of double-disc opener,a V-shape press wheel and a depth regulator,which can adjust the planting depth from 30 mm to 90 mm to satisfy the agronomic requirement under different field conditions.Based on analysis and calculation,the width of gauge wheel was set to 50 mm while the length of parallel four-bar linkage was set to 350 mm.Field experiment was conducted and the results indicated that the newly designed planting unit with single-side gauge wheel performed well with regard to planting depth uniformity and anti-blocking ability.The planting depth uniformity and seed spacing quality were 95.45%and 91.90%,respectively,when the average height of stubble was 22.5 cm and residue amount was 0.64 kg/m^(2)in the field.It can satisfy the requirement of no-till maize planting on the cropland with residue and stubble in North China Plain.
