Hydrogen production through hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)offers a promising solution to combat climate change by replacing fossil fuels with clean energy sources.However,the widespread adoption of efficient electro...Hydrogen production through hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)offers a promising solution to combat climate change by replacing fossil fuels with clean energy sources.However,the widespread adoption of efficient electrocatalysts,such as platinum(Pt),has been hindered by their high cost.In this study,we developed an easy-to-implement method to create ultrathin Pt nanomembranes,which catalyze HER at a cost significantly lower than commercial Pt/C and comparable to non-noble metal electrocatalysts.These Pt nanomembranes consist of highly distorted Pt nanocrystals and exhibit a heterogeneous elastic strain field,a characteristic rarely seen in conventional crystals.This unique feature results in significantly higher electrocatalytic efficiency than various forms of Pt electrocatalysts,including Pt/C,Pt foils,and numerous Pt singleatom or single-cluster catalysts.Our research offers a promising approach to develop highly efficient and cost-effective low-dimensional electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production,potentially addressing the challenges posed by the climate crisis.展开更多
Antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)are a new type of targeting antibodies that conjugate with highly toxic anticancer drugs via chemical linkers to exert high specificity and efficient killing of tumor cells,thereby attrac...Antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)are a new type of targeting antibodies that conjugate with highly toxic anticancer drugs via chemical linkers to exert high specificity and efficient killing of tumor cells,thereby attracting considerable attention in precise oncology therapy.Cetuximab(Cet)is a typical antibody that offers the benefits of good targeting and safety for individuals with advanced and inoperable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(cSCC);however,its anti-tumor activity is limited to a single use.Cisplatin(CisPt)shows good curative effects;however,its adverse effects and non-tumor-targeting ability are major drawbacks.In this study,we designed and developed a new ADC based on a new cytotoxic platinum(IV)prodrug(C8Pt(IV))and Cet.The so-called antibody-platinum(IV)prodrugs conjugates,named Cet-C8Pt(IV),showed excellent tumor targeting in cSCC.Specifically,it accurately delivered C8Pt(IV)into tumor cells to exert the combined anti-tumor effect of Cet and CisPt.Herein,metabolomic analysis showed that Cet-C8Pt(IV)promoted cellular apoptosis and increased DNA damage in cSCC cells by affecting the vitamin B6 metabolic pathway in tumor cells,thereby further enhancing the tumor-killing ability and providing a new strategy for clinical cancer treatment using antibody-platinum(IV)prodrugs conjugates.展开更多
Objective:The choice of chemotherapeutic regimen for triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)remains controversial.Homologous recombination deficiency(HRD)has attracted increasing attention in informing chemotherapy treatm...Objective:The choice of chemotherapeutic regimen for triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)remains controversial.Homologous recombination deficiency(HRD)has attracted increasing attention in informing chemotherapy treatment.This study was aimed at investigating the feasibility of HRD as a clinically actionable biomarker for platinum-containing and platinum-free therapy.Methods:Chinese patients with TNBC who received chemotherapy between May 1,2008 and March 31,2020 were retrospectively analyzed with a customized 3D-HRD panel.HRD positivity was defined by an HRD score≥30 or deleterious BRCA1/2 mutation.A total of 386 chemotherapy-treated patients with TNBC were screened from a surgical cohort(NCT01150513)and a metastatic cohort,and 189 patients with available clinical and tumor sequencing data were included.Results:In the entire cohort,49.2%(93/189)of patients were identified as HRD positive(40 with deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations and 53 with BRCA1/2 intact with an HRD score of≥30).In the first-line metastatic setting,platinum therapy was associated with longer median progression-free survival(mPFS)than platinum-free therapy[9.1 vs.3.0 months;hazard ratio(HR),0.43;95%confidence interval 0.22–0.84;P=0.01].Among HRD-positive patients,the mPFS was significantly longer in those treated with platinum rather than platinum-free therapy(13.6 vs.2.0 months;HR,0.11;P=0.001).Among patients administered a platinum-free regimen,HRD-negative patients showed a PFS significantly superior to that of HRD-positive patients(P=0.02;treatment-biomarker P-interaction=0.001).Similar results were observed in the BRCA1/2-intact subset.In the adjuvant setting,HRD-positive patients tended to benefit more from platinum chemotherapy than from platinum-free chemotherapy(P=0.05,P-interaction=0.02).Conclusions:HRD characterization may guide decision-making regarding the use of platinum treatment in patients with TNBC in both adjuvant and metastatic settings.展开更多
Background:Despite immunotherapy advancements for patients with advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC),pivotal first-line trials were limited to patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group pe...Background:Despite immunotherapy advancements for patients with advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC),pivotal first-line trials were limited to patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status(ECOG PS)0-1 and a median age of 65 years or younger.We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of first-line atezolizumab monotherapy with single-agent chemotherapy in patients ineligible for platinum-based chemotherapy.Methods:This trial was a phase 3,open-label,randomised controlled study conducted at 91 sites in 23 countries across Asia,Europe,North America,and South America.Eligible patients had stage IIIB or IV NSCLC in whom platinum-doublet chemotherapy was deemed unsuitable by the investigator due to an ECOG PS 2 or 3,or alternatively,being 70 years or older with an ECOG PS 0-1 with substantial comorbidities or contraindications for platinum-doublet chemotherapy.Patients were randomised 2:1 by permuted-block randomisation(block size of six)to receive 1200 mg of atezolizumab given intravenously every 3 weeks or single-agent chemotherapy(vinorelbine[oral or intravenous]or gemcitabine[intravenous];dosing per local label)at 3-weekly or 4-weekly cycles.The primary endpoint was overall survival assessed in the intention-to-treat population.Safety analyses were conducted in the safety-evaluable population,which included all randomised patients who received any amount of atezolizumab or chemotherapy.This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT03191786.展开更多
The shuttle effect derived from diffusion of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs) and sluggish redox kinetic bring about poor cycling stability and low utilization of sulfur,which have always been the key challenging issues fo...The shuttle effect derived from diffusion of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs) and sluggish redox kinetic bring about poor cycling stability and low utilization of sulfur,which have always been the key challenging issues for the commercial application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries.Rational design of cathode materials to catalyze Li_(2)S dissociation/nucleation processes is an appealing and valid strategy to develop high-energy practical Li-S batteries.Herein,considering the synergistic effect of bidirectional catalysis on LiPSs conversion and enhanced chemical immobilization for LiPSs by heteroatom doping,Pt nanoparticles loaded on nitrogen-doped carbon spheres(Pt/NCS composites) were constructed as cathode materials.According to the dynamic evolution of Pt catalysts and sulfur species,Pt~0 and Pt^(2+) species were identified as active species for the accelerated dissociation and nucleation of Li_(2)S,respectively.Meanwhile,in-situ Raman results demonstrated the expedited conversion of sulfur species resulted from bidirectional catalysis of active Pt species,corresponding to boosted redox kinetics.Consequently,Pt/NCS cathode exhibited improved long-term cyclability with high initial capacity,along with enhanced rate capability.This work provides a facile approach to construct cathode materials with bidirectional catalysis on Li_(2)S dissociation/nucleation,and sheds light on a more global understanding of the catalytic mechanism of metal catalysts during LiPSs conversion.展开更多
Both structure and interface engineering are highly effective strategies for enhancing the catalytic activity and selectivity of precious metal nanostructures.In this work,we develop a facile pyrolysis strategy to syn...Both structure and interface engineering are highly effective strategies for enhancing the catalytic activity and selectivity of precious metal nanostructures.In this work,we develop a facile pyrolysis strategy to synthesize the high-quality holey platinum nanotubes(Pt-H-NTs)using nanorods-like Pt^(Ⅱ)-phenanthroline(PT)coordination compound as self-template and self-reduction precursor.Then,an up-bottom strategy is used to further synthesize polyallylamine(PA)modified Pt-H-NTs(Pt-HNTs@PA).PA modification sharply promotes the catalytic activity of Pt-H-NTs for the formic acid electrooxidation reaction(FAEOR)by the direct reaction pathway.Meanwhile,PA modification also elevates the catalytic activity of Pt-H-NTs for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by the proton enrichment at electrolyte/electrode interface.Benefiting from the high catalytic activity of Pt-H-NTs@PA for both FAEOR and HER,a two-electrode FAEOR boosted water electrolysis system is fabricated by using Pt-H-NTs@PA as bifunctio nal electrocatalysts.Such FAEOR boosted water electrolysis system only requires the operational voltage of 0.47 V to achieve the high-purity hydrogen production,showing an energy-saving hydrogen production strategy compared to traditional water electrolysis system.展开更多
A three-dimensional graphene-based composite was prepared by a simple one-step in-site reduced-oxide method under atmospheric pressure. The obtained hydrogel was modified with 4-amino-benzenesulfonic acid and connecte...A three-dimensional graphene-based composite was prepared by a simple one-step in-site reduced-oxide method under atmospheric pressure. The obtained hydrogel was modified with 4-amino-benzenesulfonic acid and connected with ethylenediamine, and freeze-dried into an aerogel, which was characterized. Then the surface interaction with platinum (Pt, IV) was explored. The obtained aerogel showed good adsorption for Pt (IV) at acid conditions, giving a rising to the adsorption rate > 98% while pH ≥ 6. Using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide of 2% (m/V) as an eluent to desorb the Pt (IV) from the surface of the aerogel, a desorption rate of 81.1% was obtained in this process. Urea, buffer aquation and other surfactants were used in the desorption experiment to understand the adsorption mechanism between the aerogel and Pt (IV). In this work, hydrogen bond, van der Waals force and electronic interaction force mainly drove the adsorption process. For obtaining more purified Pt (IV), we used 0.5% CTAB to desorb Pd (II). A new three-dimensional graphene-based composite was prepared and the surface interaction between Pt (IV) and composite was experimented for understanding the adsorption mechanism and exploring its potential application in sample preparation in low concentration.展开更多
基金The research of YY is supported by the Research Grant Council(RGC)through the General Research Fund(GRF)with the grant number N_CityU 109/21,CityU11213118 and CityU11209317.
文摘Hydrogen production through hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)offers a promising solution to combat climate change by replacing fossil fuels with clean energy sources.However,the widespread adoption of efficient electrocatalysts,such as platinum(Pt),has been hindered by their high cost.In this study,we developed an easy-to-implement method to create ultrathin Pt nanomembranes,which catalyze HER at a cost significantly lower than commercial Pt/C and comparable to non-noble metal electrocatalysts.These Pt nanomembranes consist of highly distorted Pt nanocrystals and exhibit a heterogeneous elastic strain field,a characteristic rarely seen in conventional crystals.This unique feature results in significantly higher electrocatalytic efficiency than various forms of Pt electrocatalysts,including Pt/C,Pt foils,and numerous Pt singleatom or single-cluster catalysts.Our research offers a promising approach to develop highly efficient and cost-effective low-dimensional electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production,potentially addressing the challenges posed by the climate crisis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:51803120).
文摘Antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs)are a new type of targeting antibodies that conjugate with highly toxic anticancer drugs via chemical linkers to exert high specificity and efficient killing of tumor cells,thereby attracting considerable attention in precise oncology therapy.Cetuximab(Cet)is a typical antibody that offers the benefits of good targeting and safety for individuals with advanced and inoperable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(cSCC);however,its anti-tumor activity is limited to a single use.Cisplatin(CisPt)shows good curative effects;however,its adverse effects and non-tumor-targeting ability are major drawbacks.In this study,we designed and developed a new ADC based on a new cytotoxic platinum(IV)prodrug(C8Pt(IV))and Cet.The so-called antibody-platinum(IV)prodrugs conjugates,named Cet-C8Pt(IV),showed excellent tumor targeting in cSCC.Specifically,it accurately delivered C8Pt(IV)into tumor cells to exert the combined anti-tumor effect of Cet and CisPt.Herein,metabolomic analysis showed that Cet-C8Pt(IV)promoted cellular apoptosis and increased DNA damage in cSCC cells by affecting the vitamin B6 metabolic pathway in tumor cells,thereby further enhancing the tumor-killing ability and providing a new strategy for clinical cancer treatment using antibody-platinum(IV)prodrugs conjugates.
基金granted by Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(Grant No.2018-2-4023)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82001559)。
文摘Objective:The choice of chemotherapeutic regimen for triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)remains controversial.Homologous recombination deficiency(HRD)has attracted increasing attention in informing chemotherapy treatment.This study was aimed at investigating the feasibility of HRD as a clinically actionable biomarker for platinum-containing and platinum-free therapy.Methods:Chinese patients with TNBC who received chemotherapy between May 1,2008 and March 31,2020 were retrospectively analyzed with a customized 3D-HRD panel.HRD positivity was defined by an HRD score≥30 or deleterious BRCA1/2 mutation.A total of 386 chemotherapy-treated patients with TNBC were screened from a surgical cohort(NCT01150513)and a metastatic cohort,and 189 patients with available clinical and tumor sequencing data were included.Results:In the entire cohort,49.2%(93/189)of patients were identified as HRD positive(40 with deleterious BRCA1/2 mutations and 53 with BRCA1/2 intact with an HRD score of≥30).In the first-line metastatic setting,platinum therapy was associated with longer median progression-free survival(mPFS)than platinum-free therapy[9.1 vs.3.0 months;hazard ratio(HR),0.43;95%confidence interval 0.22–0.84;P=0.01].Among HRD-positive patients,the mPFS was significantly longer in those treated with platinum rather than platinum-free therapy(13.6 vs.2.0 months;HR,0.11;P=0.001).Among patients administered a platinum-free regimen,HRD-negative patients showed a PFS significantly superior to that of HRD-positive patients(P=0.02;treatment-biomarker P-interaction=0.001).Similar results were observed in the BRCA1/2-intact subset.In the adjuvant setting,HRD-positive patients tended to benefit more from platinum chemotherapy than from platinum-free chemotherapy(P=0.05,P-interaction=0.02).Conclusions:HRD characterization may guide decision-making regarding the use of platinum treatment in patients with TNBC in both adjuvant and metastatic settings.
文摘Background:Despite immunotherapy advancements for patients with advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC),pivotal first-line trials were limited to patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status(ECOG PS)0-1 and a median age of 65 years or younger.We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of first-line atezolizumab monotherapy with single-agent chemotherapy in patients ineligible for platinum-based chemotherapy.Methods:This trial was a phase 3,open-label,randomised controlled study conducted at 91 sites in 23 countries across Asia,Europe,North America,and South America.Eligible patients had stage IIIB or IV NSCLC in whom platinum-doublet chemotherapy was deemed unsuitable by the investigator due to an ECOG PS 2 or 3,or alternatively,being 70 years or older with an ECOG PS 0-1 with substantial comorbidities or contraindications for platinum-doublet chemotherapy.Patients were randomised 2:1 by permuted-block randomisation(block size of six)to receive 1200 mg of atezolizumab given intravenously every 3 weeks or single-agent chemotherapy(vinorelbine[oral or intravenous]or gemcitabine[intravenous];dosing per local label)at 3-weekly or 4-weekly cycles.The primary endpoint was overall survival assessed in the intention-to-treat population.Safety analyses were conducted in the safety-evaluable population,which included all randomised patients who received any amount of atezolizumab or chemotherapy.This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT03191786.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51932005, 22072164)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1807175)+3 种基金the Research Fund of Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Sciencethe IMR Innovation Fund (2023PY10)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2023-BS-013)the Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Jilin Province (JJKH20210453KJ)。
文摘The shuttle effect derived from diffusion of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs) and sluggish redox kinetic bring about poor cycling stability and low utilization of sulfur,which have always been the key challenging issues for the commercial application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries.Rational design of cathode materials to catalyze Li_(2)S dissociation/nucleation processes is an appealing and valid strategy to develop high-energy practical Li-S batteries.Herein,considering the synergistic effect of bidirectional catalysis on LiPSs conversion and enhanced chemical immobilization for LiPSs by heteroatom doping,Pt nanoparticles loaded on nitrogen-doped carbon spheres(Pt/NCS composites) were constructed as cathode materials.According to the dynamic evolution of Pt catalysts and sulfur species,Pt~0 and Pt^(2+) species were identified as active species for the accelerated dissociation and nucleation of Li_(2)S,respectively.Meanwhile,in-situ Raman results demonstrated the expedited conversion of sulfur species resulted from bidirectional catalysis of active Pt species,corresponding to boosted redox kinetics.Consequently,Pt/NCS cathode exhibited improved long-term cyclability with high initial capacity,along with enhanced rate capability.This work provides a facile approach to construct cathode materials with bidirectional catalysis on Li_(2)S dissociation/nucleation,and sheds light on a more global understanding of the catalytic mechanism of metal catalysts during LiPSs conversion.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272103)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2020JZ-23,2019KJXX-021,and 2020JM269)+7 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2020SF-355)the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(2022TD-35)the University Engineering Research Center of Crystal Growth and Applications of Guangdong Province(2020GCZX005)the Special Innovative Projects of Guangdong Province(2020KTSCX125)the Shenzhen Stable Supporting Program(SZWD2021015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202202001)the Open Foundation of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials at Guangxi University(2021GXYSOF02)the 111 Project(B14041)。
文摘Both structure and interface engineering are highly effective strategies for enhancing the catalytic activity and selectivity of precious metal nanostructures.In this work,we develop a facile pyrolysis strategy to synthesize the high-quality holey platinum nanotubes(Pt-H-NTs)using nanorods-like Pt^(Ⅱ)-phenanthroline(PT)coordination compound as self-template and self-reduction precursor.Then,an up-bottom strategy is used to further synthesize polyallylamine(PA)modified Pt-H-NTs(Pt-HNTs@PA).PA modification sharply promotes the catalytic activity of Pt-H-NTs for the formic acid electrooxidation reaction(FAEOR)by the direct reaction pathway.Meanwhile,PA modification also elevates the catalytic activity of Pt-H-NTs for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)by the proton enrichment at electrolyte/electrode interface.Benefiting from the high catalytic activity of Pt-H-NTs@PA for both FAEOR and HER,a two-electrode FAEOR boosted water electrolysis system is fabricated by using Pt-H-NTs@PA as bifunctio nal electrocatalysts.Such FAEOR boosted water electrolysis system only requires the operational voltage of 0.47 V to achieve the high-purity hydrogen production,showing an energy-saving hydrogen production strategy compared to traditional water electrolysis system.
文摘A three-dimensional graphene-based composite was prepared by a simple one-step in-site reduced-oxide method under atmospheric pressure. The obtained hydrogel was modified with 4-amino-benzenesulfonic acid and connected with ethylenediamine, and freeze-dried into an aerogel, which was characterized. Then the surface interaction with platinum (Pt, IV) was explored. The obtained aerogel showed good adsorption for Pt (IV) at acid conditions, giving a rising to the adsorption rate > 98% while pH ≥ 6. Using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide of 2% (m/V) as an eluent to desorb the Pt (IV) from the surface of the aerogel, a desorption rate of 81.1% was obtained in this process. Urea, buffer aquation and other surfactants were used in the desorption experiment to understand the adsorption mechanism between the aerogel and Pt (IV). In this work, hydrogen bond, van der Waals force and electronic interaction force mainly drove the adsorption process. For obtaining more purified Pt (IV), we used 0.5% CTAB to desorb Pd (II). A new three-dimensional graphene-based composite was prepared and the surface interaction between Pt (IV) and composite was experimented for understanding the adsorption mechanism and exploring its potential application in sample preparation in low concentration.
