Goldfish(Carassius auratus auratus)are important ornamental fish that have experienced extreme anthropogenic selection and exhibit diverse phenotypes.Loss of the dorsal fin is a key characteristic that distinguishes t...Goldfish(Carassius auratus auratus)are important ornamental fish that have experienced extreme anthropogenic selection and exhibit diverse phenotypes.Loss of the dorsal fin is a key characteristic that distinguishes the Egg-goldfish from the Wen-goldfish.However,the mechanisms underlying the divergence in dorsal fin development are still unknown between the Egg-goldfish and the Wen-goldfish.In this study,we sought to unravel the postembryonic developmental processes of two goldfish strains,Red Cap Oranda,a representative of the Wen-goldfish,and Ranchu,a representative of the Egg-goldfish.We examined the developmental morphology of the dorsal fin in five-month-old goldfish larvae using both Alcian blue-alizarin red staining and X-ray photography.We showed that the developmental processes of the dorsal fin fold were different in Ranchu compared to Red Cap Oranda,despite similarity in their general developmental processes.We categorized the postembryonic development of Ranchu larvae into four types based on the number of the initial residual dorsal fin fold appearing at protruding-mouth stage.The number,size and position of the initial residual dorsal fin fold appeared at hatching affected and eventually determined the phenotypic variations in dorsal fin defects in Ranchu.In addition,we genotyped the eomesa gene to determine whether it would be a candidate gene responsible for the loss of the dorsal fin in Ranchu.The eomesa CDS sequence exhibited no nonsense mutation in Ranchu.In summary,the absence of the dorsal fin fold during postembryonic development eventually resulted in the loss of the dorsal fin in Ranchu.Further investigation is required to determine whether other genes and developmental pathways play important roles in the loss of the dorsal fin in Ranchu.展开更多
Recently N-glycosylation was found to be required for the postembryonic development and metamorphosis of the holometabolous beetle Tribolium castaneum. However, the role of N-glycosylation in the development of hemime...Recently N-glycosylation was found to be required for the postembryonic development and metamorphosis of the holometabolous beetle Tribolium castaneum. However, the role of N-glycosylation in the development of hemimetabolous insects is unknown. To further elucidate the role of N-glycosylation in the development of insects, a functional characterization of the N-glycosylation-related genes (NGRGs) was performed in a model insect for hemimetabolous development, namely the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. In this project, we report the effects of RNAi-mediated silencing of 15 NGRGs on the postembryonic development of N. lugens. Two major observations were made. First, interruption of the early steps of N-glycan processing led to a lethal phenotype during the transition from nymph to adult as was observed in T. castaneum. Second, we report here on an essential function for the α-1,6-fucosyl transferase in the ecdysis event of N. lugens between nymphal instars, since gene-silencing by RNAi led to failure of ecdysis and subsequent mortality of the treated insect.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the SHOU&MSU Joint Research Center grant.
文摘Goldfish(Carassius auratus auratus)are important ornamental fish that have experienced extreme anthropogenic selection and exhibit diverse phenotypes.Loss of the dorsal fin is a key characteristic that distinguishes the Egg-goldfish from the Wen-goldfish.However,the mechanisms underlying the divergence in dorsal fin development are still unknown between the Egg-goldfish and the Wen-goldfish.In this study,we sought to unravel the postembryonic developmental processes of two goldfish strains,Red Cap Oranda,a representative of the Wen-goldfish,and Ranchu,a representative of the Egg-goldfish.We examined the developmental morphology of the dorsal fin in five-month-old goldfish larvae using both Alcian blue-alizarin red staining and X-ray photography.We showed that the developmental processes of the dorsal fin fold were different in Ranchu compared to Red Cap Oranda,despite similarity in their general developmental processes.We categorized the postembryonic development of Ranchu larvae into four types based on the number of the initial residual dorsal fin fold appearing at protruding-mouth stage.The number,size and position of the initial residual dorsal fin fold appeared at hatching affected and eventually determined the phenotypic variations in dorsal fin defects in Ranchu.In addition,we genotyped the eomesa gene to determine whether it would be a candidate gene responsible for the loss of the dorsal fin in Ranchu.The eomesa CDS sequence exhibited no nonsense mutation in Ranchu.In summary,the absence of the dorsal fin fold during postembryonic development eventually resulted in the loss of the dorsal fin in Ranchu.Further investigation is required to determine whether other genes and developmental pathways play important roles in the loss of the dorsal fin in Ranchu.
文摘Recently N-glycosylation was found to be required for the postembryonic development and metamorphosis of the holometabolous beetle Tribolium castaneum. However, the role of N-glycosylation in the development of hemimetabolous insects is unknown. To further elucidate the role of N-glycosylation in the development of insects, a functional characterization of the N-glycosylation-related genes (NGRGs) was performed in a model insect for hemimetabolous development, namely the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. In this project, we report the effects of RNAi-mediated silencing of 15 NGRGs on the postembryonic development of N. lugens. Two major observations were made. First, interruption of the early steps of N-glycan processing led to a lethal phenotype during the transition from nymph to adult as was observed in T. castaneum. Second, we report here on an essential function for the α-1,6-fucosyl transferase in the ecdysis event of N. lugens between nymphal instars, since gene-silencing by RNAi led to failure of ecdysis and subsequent mortality of the treated insect.
