GeTe has attracted extensive research interest for thermoelectric applications.In this paper,we first train a neuroevolution potential(NEP)based on a dataset constructed by ab initio molecular dynamics,with the Gaussi...GeTe has attracted extensive research interest for thermoelectric applications.In this paper,we first train a neuroevolution potential(NEP)based on a dataset constructed by ab initio molecular dynamics,with the Gaussian approximation potential(GAP)as a reference.The phonon density of states is then calculated by two machine learning potentials and compared with density functional theory results,with the GAP potential having higher accuracy.Next,the thermal conductivity of a GeTe crystal at 300 K is calculated by the equilibrium molecular dynamics method using both machine learning potentials,and both of them are in good agreement with the experimental results;however,the calculation speed when using the NEP potential is about 500 times faster than when using the GAP potential.Finally,the lattice thermal conductivity in the range of 300 K-600 K is calculated using the NEP potential.The lattice thermal conductivity decreases as the temperature increases due to the phonon anharmonic effect.This study provides a theoretical tool for the study of the thermal conductivity of GeTe.展开更多
Purpose: This review article provides the readers with an in-depth insight in understanding and interpreting various research literatures on the masseter vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(mVEMP). The article also ...Purpose: This review article provides the readers with an in-depth insight in understanding and interpreting various research literatures on the masseter vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(mVEMP). The article also reviews the contemporary researches involving the clinical applications of the mVEMP. Conclusions: Masseter VEMP is an evolving yet clinically promising neuro-otology test tool that has recently gained more research interest and is considered an additional tool to diagnose various vestibular disorders. Masseter VEMP assesses the functional integrity of the acoustic-masseteric and vestibulo-masseteric reflex pathways. The mVEMP could be used as a complementary test to evaluate the same peripheral generator as the cervical VEMP but a different central pathway i.e., vestibulo-trigeminal pathway. Various research studies that have experimented on parameters such as the effect of different electrode montages(zygomatic vs mandibular configurations), stimulation rates, filter settings and stimuli used to evoke mVEMP have been discussed in this article that could assist in the optimization of a comprehensive clinical protocol. The latency and the amplitude of mVEMP waveforms serve as significant parameters in differentiating normals from those of the clinical populations. Along with the cVEMPs and oVEMPs, mVEMP might help diagnose brainstem lesions in REM Sleep behaviour disorders, Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. However, further studies are required to probe in this area of research.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the influences of entrepreneurship training on the innovation potential among nursing students.Methods:A quasi-experimental design was utilized to conduct this study.The study was conducted in th...Objective:To evaluate the influences of entrepreneurship training on the innovation potential among nursing students.Methods:A quasi-experimental design was utilized to conduct this study.The study was conducted in the classroom at the faculty of nursing,and the“i Hub”center at Ain Shams University(ASU)in Cairo,Egypt.A purposive sample of 42 nursing students who participated in the“Ain Shams University-innovate”competition from the Faculty of Nursing of ASU were included in this study.Data collection tools included(1)Nursing students'innovation skills assessment questionnaire and(2)Innovative projects evaluation tool.Results:There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of nursing students'total innovation skills pre-and post-implementation of entrepreneurship training,where P-value<0.05.Conclusions:The results of the current study support the research hypothesis because the implementation of entrepreneurship training positively affects nursing students'innovation potential.Developing entrepreneurship education in nursing and integrating it into nursing programs will stimulate creativity,innovation,and entrepreneurship among nursing students and health care services.展开更多
The exploitation of high performance redox-active substances is critically important for the development of non-aqueous redoxflow batteries.Herein,three tetrathiofulvalene(TTF)derivatives with different substitution gr...The exploitation of high performance redox-active substances is critically important for the development of non-aqueous redoxflow batteries.Herein,three tetrathiofulvalene(TTF)derivatives with different substitution groups,namely TTF diethyl ester(TTFDE),TTF tetramethyl ester(TTFTM),and TTF tetraethyl ester(TTFTE),are prepared and their energy storage properties are evaluated.It has been found that the redox potential and solubility of these TTF derivatives in conventional carbonate electrolytes increases with the number of ester groups.The battery with a catholyte of 0.2 mol L^(-1) of TTFTE delivers a specific capacity of more than 10 Ah L^(-1) at the current density of 0.5 C with two discharge voltage platforms locating at as high as 3.85 and 3.60 V vs.Li/Liþ.Its capacity retention can be improved from 2.34 Ah L^(-1) to 3.60 Ah L^(-1) after 100 cycles by the use of an anion exchange membrane to block the crossover of TTF species.The excellent cycling stability of the TIF esters is supported by their well-delocalized electrons,as revealed by the density function theory calculations.Therefore,the introduction of more and larger electron-withdrawing groups is a promising strategy to simultaneously increase the redox-potential and solubility of redox-active ma-terials for non-aqueous redoxflow batteries.展开更多
Abnormal SEP reflects dysfunction of the medial lemniscus and posterior cervical cord. These structures are likely to be affected in Chiari malformation. Therefore, SEP abnormalities may provide valuable information i...Abnormal SEP reflects dysfunction of the medial lemniscus and posterior cervical cord. These structures are likely to be affected in Chiari malformation. Therefore, SEP abnormalities may provide valuable information in patients with CM. However, the consistency of SEP abnormality or normality with the damage is a matter of research. Knowing whether median nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) is useful in revealing subclinical damage in patients with Chiari malformation is important in the treatment and follow-up plan of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between median nerve SEP values and the severity of cerebellar ectopia in patients with Chiari type 1 malformation. Median nerve SEP values were obtained from 30 healthy individuals and 146 individuals with Chiari malformation. The cerebellar ectopia degree and McRae line length were measured. SEP values were not significantly different between groups. The McRae line was found to be significantly shorter in the control group than in the Chiari malformation group (p = 0.031). There was no correlation between the degree of cerebellar ectopia and the length of the McRae line (r = 0.002, p = 0.979). Neither cerebellar ectopy degree nor McRae line length had a relationship with SEP values (r = -0.153, p = 0.066;r = -0.056, p = 0.500, respectively). There was no difference in cerebellar ectopy degree or SEP values between the groups with cerebellar ectopy with and without a syrinx (p = 0.899;p = 0.080, respectively). Likewise, McRae line length was not found to be related to the presence of a syrinx (p = 0.139). Median nerve SEP examination was not beneficial for diagnosing asymptomatic-oligosymptomatic Chiari malformation as a subclinical injury, whether accompanied by syringomyelia or not.展开更多
The theoretical uncertainties of single proton transfer cross sections of the(^(3)He,d)and(d,^(3)He)reactions,owing to the uncertainties of the entrance-and exit-channel optical model potentials,are examined with the^...The theoretical uncertainties of single proton transfer cross sections of the(^(3)He,d)and(d,^(3)He)reactions,owing to the uncertainties of the entrance-and exit-channel optical model potentials,are examined with the^(30)Si(^(3)He,d)^(31)P,^(13)B(d,^(3)He)^(12)Be,and^(34)S(^(3)He,d)^(35)Cl reactions at incident energies of 25,46,and 25 MeV,respectively,within the framework of the distorted wave Born approximation.The differential cross sections at the first peaks in the angular distributions of these reactions are found to have uncertainties of approximately 5%,owing to the uncertainties in the optical model potentials from 20,000 calculations of randomly sampled parameters.This amount of uncertainty is found to be nearly independent of the angular momentum transfer and the target masses within the studied range of incident energies.Uncertainties in the single proton spectroscopic factors obtained by matching the theoretical and experimental cross sections at different scattering angles are also discussed.展开更多
In this paper, the authors investigate compound action potentials formed when the underlying tract's axons have current-mediated coupling amongst themselves, and no field-mediated coupling. The key finding of the ...In this paper, the authors investigate compound action potentials formed when the underlying tract's axons have current-mediated coupling amongst themselves, and no field-mediated coupling. The key finding of the paper is that, for the case of biophysically inhomogeneous axon tracts, the compound action potential is governed by a Hodgkin-Huxley like equation itself in certain cases. The paper extends an earlier result for the identical axon case.展开更多
We identify a class of transcendental entire maps of finite order, of disjoint-type, satisfying the rapid derivative growth condition. Within this class, we show that there exist hyperbolic transcendental entire maps ...We identify a class of transcendental entire maps of finite order, of disjoint-type, satisfying the rapid derivative growth condition. Within this class, we show that there exist hyperbolic transcendental entire maps that generate a large class of potentials which intersect the so-called tame potentials and form a distinct class of potentials. The methods and techniques derived from the thermodynamic formalism are applied to these potentials for transcendental entire maps acting on some subset of the Julia set which is conjugated to the shift map over a code space with a countable alphabet endowed with the euclidean induced metric on the complex plane.展开更多
The spinal cord is at risk of injury during spinal surgery.If intraoperative spinal co rd injury is identified early,irreve rsible impairment or loss of neurological function can be prevented.Different types of spinal...The spinal cord is at risk of injury during spinal surgery.If intraoperative spinal co rd injury is identified early,irreve rsible impairment or loss of neurological function can be prevented.Different types of spinal cord injury result in damage to diffe rent spinal cord regions,which may cause diffe rent somatosensory and motor evoked potential signal res ponses.In this study,we examined electrophysiological and histopathological changes between contusion,distra ction,and dislocation spinal cord injuries in a rat model.We found that contusion led to the most severe dorsal white matter injury and caused considerable attenuation of both somatosensory and motor evoked potentials.Dislocation resulted in loss of myelinated axons in the lateral region of the injured spinal cord along the rostrocaudal axis.The amplitude of attenuation in motor evoked potential responses caused by dislocation was greater than that caused by contusion.After distraction injury,extracellular spaces were slightly but not significantly enlarged;somatosensory evoked potential res ponses slightly decreased and motor evoked potential responses were lost.Correlation analysis showed that histological and electrophysiological findings we re significantly correlated and related to injury type.Intraope rative monitoring of both somatosensory and motor evoked potentials has the potential to identify iatrogenic spinal cord injury type during surgery.展开更多
Objective DUF538(domain of unknown function 538) domain containing proteins are known as putative hypothetical proteins in plants. Until yet, there is no much information regarding their structure and function. Method...Objective DUF538(domain of unknown function 538) domain containing proteins are known as putative hypothetical proteins in plants. Until yet, there is no much information regarding their structure and function. Methods In the present research work, the homologous structures and binding potentials were identified between plant/mammalian lipocalins and plant DUF538 protein by using bioinformatics and experimental tools including molecular dynamics simulation, molecular docking and recombinant technology-based techniques. Results Molecular docking analysis of their interactions with lipidic ligands including cholesterol and palmitic acid revealed the similar and comparable binding potentials between DUF538 and lipocalin proteins. Both the test proteins were found to have more affinity to cholesterol molecule in compare to palmitic acid. By using recombinant technology-based experiments, the heterologously expressed and purified fused product of DUF538 protein exhibited about 61% cholesterol binding ability. Conclusion As a conclusion, plants DUF538 protein family was predicted to be the structural and may be the functional homologues of plants/animals lipocalin superfamily.展开更多
In this work,we study the linearized Landau equation with soft potentials and show that the smooth solution to the Cauchy problem with initial datum in L^(2)(ℝ^(3))enjoys an analytic regularization effect,and that the...In this work,we study the linearized Landau equation with soft potentials and show that the smooth solution to the Cauchy problem with initial datum in L^(2)(ℝ^(3))enjoys an analytic regularization effect,and that the evolution of the analytic radius is the same as the heat equations.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effects of conductive hearing loss(CHL) on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(VEMPs) using a simulated CHL model, and to provide the basis for future studies.Methods: Twenty-one health...Objective: To investigate the effects of conductive hearing loss(CHL) on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(VEMPs) using a simulated CHL model, and to provide the basis for future studies.Methods: Twenty-one healthy subjects were recruited in this study. We measured ocular VEMPs(o VEMPs) and cervical VEMPs(c VEMPs) in these subjects by air-conduction sound(ACS) stimulation. CHL was simulated later by blocking the right external auditory canal with a soundproof earplug to evaluate its impacts on VEMPs. Subjects' responses before simulated CHL served as the control, and were compared to their responses following simulated CHL.Results: o VEMPs following simulated CHL showed decreased response rate, elevated thresholds, attenuated amplitudes and prolonged N1 latencies compared with those before simulated CHL, and the differences were statistically significant. Similarly, c VEMPs following simulated CHL also showed decreased response rate, elevated thresholds and attenuated amplitudes, with prolonged P1 latencies compared with those before simulated CHL, although only differences in response rate, threshold and amplitude were significant.Conclusions: Conductive hearing loss affects the response rate and other response parameters in o VEMPs and c VEMPs.展开更多
We observed the steady-state visually evoked potential(SSVEP) from a healthy subject using a compact quad-channel potassium spin exchange relaxation-free(SERF) optically pumped magnetometer(OPM). To this end, 30 s of ...We observed the steady-state visually evoked potential(SSVEP) from a healthy subject using a compact quad-channel potassium spin exchange relaxation-free(SERF) optically pumped magnetometer(OPM). To this end, 30 s of data were collected, and SSVEP-related magnetic responses with signal intensity ranging from 150 fT to 300 f T were observed for all four channels. The corresponding signal to noise ratio(SNR) was in the range of 3.5–5.5. We then used different channels to operate the sensor as a gradiometer. In the specific case of detecting SSVEP, we noticed that the short channel separation distance led to a strongly diminished gradiometer signal. Although not optimal for the case of SSVEP detection, this set-up can prove to be highly useful for other magnetoencephalography(MEG) paradigms that require good noise cancellation.Considering its compactness, low cost, and good performance, the K-SERF sensor has great potential for biomagnetic field measurements and brain-computer interfaces(BCI).展开更多
Objectives: The aim of our study is to examine vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials(VEMPs) elicited by the galvanic vestibular stimulation in the sternocleidomastoid muscle(SCM) in healthy subjects for clinical appli...Objectives: The aim of our study is to examine vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials(VEMPs) elicited by the galvanic vestibular stimulation in the sternocleidomastoid muscle(SCM) in healthy subjects for clinical applications of auditory neuropathy or vestibular neuropathy in the future.Methods: We enrolled sixteen healthy subjects to record the average responses of SCM to galvanic vestibular stimulation(GVS) [current 3 mA;duration 1 ms] by electromyography(EMG). SPSS 18.0 software was used to analyze the obtained data for mean and standard deviation.Results: In all healthy subjects mastoid-forehead galvanic vestibular stimulation produced a positive-negative biphasic EMG responses on SCM ipsilateral to the cathodal electrode. The latency of p13 was 11.7 ± 3.0 ms. The latency of n23 was 17.8 ± 3.4 ms. The amplitude of p13-n23 was147.0 ± 69.0 μV. The interaural asymmetry ratio(AR) of p13, n23 latency and the amplitude was respectively 0.12 ± 0.09, 0.08 ± 0.08 and0.16 ± 0.10.Discussions: Galvanic vestibular stimulation could elicit biphasic EMG responses from SCM via the vestibular nerve but not from the otolith organs. Galvanic stimulation together with air conducted sound(ACS) or bone conducted vibration(BCV) can elicit VEMPs and may enable the differentiation of retrolabyrinthine lesions from labyrinthine lesions in vestibular system.展开更多
AIM To investigate the effects of a water extract of Hwangryunhaedok-tang(HHTE) on the pacemaker potentials of mouse interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs).METHODS We dissociated ICCs from small intestines and cultured. IC...AIM To investigate the effects of a water extract of Hwangryunhaedok-tang(HHTE) on the pacemaker potentials of mouse interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs).METHODS We dissociated ICCs from small intestines and cultured. ICCs were immunologically identified using an antic-kit antibody. We used the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration to record the pacemaker potentials generated by cultured ICCs under the current clamp mode(I = 0). All experiments were performed at 30 ℃-32 ℃RESULTS HHTE dose-dependently depolarized ICC pacemaker potentials. Pretreatment with a 5-HT_3 receptor anta-gonist(Y25130) or a 5-HT_4 receptor antagonist(RS39604) blocked HHTE-induced pacemaker potential depolarizations, whereas pretreatment with a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist(SB269970) did not. Intracellular GDPβS inhibited HHTE-induced pacemaker potential depolarization and pretreatment with a Ca^(2+)-free solution or thapsigargin abolished the pacemaker potentials. In the presence of a Ca^(2+)-free solution or thapsigargin, HHTE did not depolarize ICC pacemaker potentials. In addition, HHTE-induced pacemaker potential depolarization was unaffected by a PKC inhibitor(calphostin C) or a Rho kinase inhibitor(Y27632). Of the four ingredients of HHT, Coptidis Rhizoma and Gardeniae Fructus more effectively inhibited pacemaker potential depolarization.CONCLUSION These results suggest that HHTE dose-dependently depolarizes ICC pacemaker potentials through 5-HT_3 and 5-HT_4 receptors via external and internal Ca^(2+) regulation and via G protein-, PKC-and Rho kinase-independent pathways.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effect of sodium tungstate on visual evoked potentials(VEPs) in diabetic rats.· METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups as normal control, diabetic control and diabetic r...AIM: To evaluate the effect of sodium tungstate on visual evoked potentials(VEPs) in diabetic rats.· METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups as normal control, diabetic control and diabetic rats treated with sodium tungstate. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(50 mg/kg). Sodium tungstate [40 mg/(kg·d)]was administered for 12 wk and then VEPs were recorded.Additionally, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) levels were measured in brain tissues.·RESULTS: The latencies of P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 waves were significantly prolonged in diabetic rats compared with control group. Diabetes mellitus caused an increase in the lipid peroxidation process that was accompanied by changes in VEPs. However, prolonged latencies of VEPs for all components returned to control levels in sodium tungstate-treated group. The treatment of sodium tungstate significantly decreased brain TBARS levels and depleted the prolonged latencies of VEP components compared with diabetic control group.· CONCLUSION: Sodium tungstate shows protective effects on visual pathway in diabetic rats, and it can be worthy of further study for potential use.展开更多
Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are a series of signals about visual occipital cortex in response to visual stimuli and can be used as one of ob-jective non-invasive neuro-physiological pa-rameters to reflect the visu...Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are a series of signals about visual occipital cortex in response to visual stimuli and can be used as one of ob-jective non-invasive neuro-physiological pa-rameters to reflect the visual organs and central visual pathway’s functional integrity. Previous studies have shown that acute and chronic ex-ercise could affect VEPs independent from body temperature and other physiological parameters. VEPs may well be used as neuro-physiological criteria in defining the performances of the ath-letes. Different sports training have different effects on VEPs, but the results are not consis-tent. P100 latency is the representative compo-nent of VEPs and it is of high, steady amplitude and of slight intra- and inter-individual variabil-ity so that the index is most commonly used. The purpose of this study was to investigate the specificity and sensitivity of P100 latency to dif-ferent physical activities. The neural electricity device of NDI-200 was used to measure the pattern reversal VEPs of all subjects, including the values of the resting state before and after different events exercise. Different events exer-cise contained an aerobic cycloergometric ex-ercise (7 subjects were conducted to a Bruce Graded Exercise Test on the Monark Ergomedic 839E cycloergometer, THR (target heart rate) = 85% HRmax, 3 times/week, about 10 minutes once time, 6 weeks), tennis training (16 volun-teers, 2 hours/day, 3 days/week, 8 weeks), aerobic Latin exercise (7 subjects, 1 hour/day, 3 days/week, 6 weeks) and the Baduanjin of Health Qigong training (6 subjects, 1 hour/day, 3 days/week, 6 weeks). The VEPs recordings of the control groups obtained synchronized with the experimental groups. SPSS 11.5 for win-dows was used for statistical analysis. A level of P﹤0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. The VEPs P100 latency of post-exercise of all experimental groups except Baduanjin group became shorter significantly compared with those of pre-exercise (P﹤0.05). No significant difference was found between pre-and post- exercise for the control groups. This study showed that exercise could shorten the P100 la-tency significantly. Moreover, it also indicated that VEPs were sensitive to exercise to a certain extent. We concluded that VEPs might well be used as neuro-physiological criteria in defining the performances of the athletes. It was found that the VEPs P100 latency became shorter after most training programs;furthermore, it demon-strated that P100 latency of VEPs had little specificity to different events.展开更多
Objective:To report vestibular evoked myogenic potentials from different recording sites(neck extensor or masseter muscles) in miniature pigs and rats.Methods:Potentials were recorded using 1000 Hz tone bursts from th...Objective:To report vestibular evoked myogenic potentials from different recording sites(neck extensor or masseter muscles) in miniature pigs and rats.Methods:Potentials were recorded using 1000 Hz tone bursts from the neck extensor muscle or masseter muscle in normal adult Bama miniature pigs and rats anesthetized with 3%pentobarbital sodium and Sumianxin Ⅱ.Results:At 80 dB SPL,the first positive wave(P wave) of VEMPs was recognizable in 58%of rats with a latency of 6.45±0.23 ms and an amplitude of 1.45±0.49 μV when recorded from the neck extensor muscle,and in 50%of rats with a latency of 6.38±0.34 ms and an amplitude of 1.57±0.35 μV when recorded from the masseter muscle.In miniature pigs,at the same stimulus intensity,P wave was recognizable in 58%of the animals with a latency of 7.65±0.64 ms and an amplitude of 1.66±0.34 μV when recorded from the neck extensor muscle,and in 50%of the animals with a latency of 7.65±0.64 ms and an amplitude of 0.31±0.28 μV when recorded from the masseter muscle.Conclusion:VEMP can be induced from both neck extensor and masseter muscles in the miniature pig and rat.For a given species,the site of recording affects P wave induction rate and amplitude but not latency.Consistency and repeatability analysis suggests that the masseter muscle is a better recording site in miniature pigs while the cervical extensor is a better recording site in rats.For a given recording site,both latency and amplitude of the P wave are slightly greater in miniature pigs than in rats.展开更多
The effects of acupuncture on the sensory evoked cortical potentials were investigated in 31 rabbits anaesthetized with urethane of conscious, so as to see what happened to the functional state of cerebral cortex in t...The effects of acupuncture on the sensory evoked cortical potentials were investigated in 31 rabbits anaesthetized with urethane of conscious, so as to see what happened to the functional state of cerebral cortex in the meantime. The visual, auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials as well as raw EEGs were recorded from the animal’s scalp. In most cases, an electro-acupuncture instrument was used instead of manual acupuncture. The main component amplitudes of evoked potentials,the frequency band powers and the total integral values of raw EEGs were analyzed. Results showed that during acupuncture the main components of evoked potentials were significantly depressed and the raw EEGs appeared desynchronized while the experimental animals were slightly activated. Moreover,both the total integral values of raw EEGs and the powers of lower frequency waves (1 - 3. 99 Hz)were decreased and positively correlated well with the amplitudes of main components of the evoked potentials. Therefore, the possibility that the effects of acupuncture on the evoked potentials are secondary to the changes of raw EEGs remains to be ruled out, and it is suggested that the inhibition of evoked potentials during acupuncture does not necessarily mean that the cerebral cortex is in an inhibitory展开更多
基金Project supported by the A*STAR Computational Resource Centre through the use of its high-performance computing facilitiesfinancial support from the China Scholarship Council (Grant No.202206120136)。
文摘GeTe has attracted extensive research interest for thermoelectric applications.In this paper,we first train a neuroevolution potential(NEP)based on a dataset constructed by ab initio molecular dynamics,with the Gaussian approximation potential(GAP)as a reference.The phonon density of states is then calculated by two machine learning potentials and compared with density functional theory results,with the GAP potential having higher accuracy.Next,the thermal conductivity of a GeTe crystal at 300 K is calculated by the equilibrium molecular dynamics method using both machine learning potentials,and both of them are in good agreement with the experimental results;however,the calculation speed when using the NEP potential is about 500 times faster than when using the GAP potential.Finally,the lattice thermal conductivity in the range of 300 K-600 K is calculated using the NEP potential.The lattice thermal conductivity decreases as the temperature increases due to the phonon anharmonic effect.This study provides a theoretical tool for the study of the thermal conductivity of GeTe.
文摘Purpose: This review article provides the readers with an in-depth insight in understanding and interpreting various research literatures on the masseter vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(mVEMP). The article also reviews the contemporary researches involving the clinical applications of the mVEMP. Conclusions: Masseter VEMP is an evolving yet clinically promising neuro-otology test tool that has recently gained more research interest and is considered an additional tool to diagnose various vestibular disorders. Masseter VEMP assesses the functional integrity of the acoustic-masseteric and vestibulo-masseteric reflex pathways. The mVEMP could be used as a complementary test to evaluate the same peripheral generator as the cervical VEMP but a different central pathway i.e., vestibulo-trigeminal pathway. Various research studies that have experimented on parameters such as the effect of different electrode montages(zygomatic vs mandibular configurations), stimulation rates, filter settings and stimuli used to evoke mVEMP have been discussed in this article that could assist in the optimization of a comprehensive clinical protocol. The latency and the amplitude of mVEMP waveforms serve as significant parameters in differentiating normals from those of the clinical populations. Along with the cVEMPs and oVEMPs, mVEMP might help diagnose brainstem lesions in REM Sleep behaviour disorders, Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. However, further studies are required to probe in this area of research.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the influences of entrepreneurship training on the innovation potential among nursing students.Methods:A quasi-experimental design was utilized to conduct this study.The study was conducted in the classroom at the faculty of nursing,and the“i Hub”center at Ain Shams University(ASU)in Cairo,Egypt.A purposive sample of 42 nursing students who participated in the“Ain Shams University-innovate”competition from the Faculty of Nursing of ASU were included in this study.Data collection tools included(1)Nursing students'innovation skills assessment questionnaire and(2)Innovative projects evaluation tool.Results:There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of nursing students'total innovation skills pre-and post-implementation of entrepreneurship training,where P-value<0.05.Conclusions:The results of the current study support the research hypothesis because the implementation of entrepreneurship training positively affects nursing students'innovation potential.Developing entrepreneurship education in nursing and integrating it into nursing programs will stimulate creativity,innovation,and entrepreneurship among nursing students and health care services.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos:51503038 and 51873037).
文摘The exploitation of high performance redox-active substances is critically important for the development of non-aqueous redoxflow batteries.Herein,three tetrathiofulvalene(TTF)derivatives with different substitution groups,namely TTF diethyl ester(TTFDE),TTF tetramethyl ester(TTFTM),and TTF tetraethyl ester(TTFTE),are prepared and their energy storage properties are evaluated.It has been found that the redox potential and solubility of these TTF derivatives in conventional carbonate electrolytes increases with the number of ester groups.The battery with a catholyte of 0.2 mol L^(-1) of TTFTE delivers a specific capacity of more than 10 Ah L^(-1) at the current density of 0.5 C with two discharge voltage platforms locating at as high as 3.85 and 3.60 V vs.Li/Liþ.Its capacity retention can be improved from 2.34 Ah L^(-1) to 3.60 Ah L^(-1) after 100 cycles by the use of an anion exchange membrane to block the crossover of TTF species.The excellent cycling stability of the TIF esters is supported by their well-delocalized electrons,as revealed by the density function theory calculations.Therefore,the introduction of more and larger electron-withdrawing groups is a promising strategy to simultaneously increase the redox-potential and solubility of redox-active ma-terials for non-aqueous redoxflow batteries.
文摘Abnormal SEP reflects dysfunction of the medial lemniscus and posterior cervical cord. These structures are likely to be affected in Chiari malformation. Therefore, SEP abnormalities may provide valuable information in patients with CM. However, the consistency of SEP abnormality or normality with the damage is a matter of research. Knowing whether median nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) is useful in revealing subclinical damage in patients with Chiari malformation is important in the treatment and follow-up plan of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between median nerve SEP values and the severity of cerebellar ectopia in patients with Chiari type 1 malformation. Median nerve SEP values were obtained from 30 healthy individuals and 146 individuals with Chiari malformation. The cerebellar ectopia degree and McRae line length were measured. SEP values were not significantly different between groups. The McRae line was found to be significantly shorter in the control group than in the Chiari malformation group (p = 0.031). There was no correlation between the degree of cerebellar ectopia and the length of the McRae line (r = 0.002, p = 0.979). Neither cerebellar ectopy degree nor McRae line length had a relationship with SEP values (r = -0.153, p = 0.066;r = -0.056, p = 0.500, respectively). There was no difference in cerebellar ectopy degree or SEP values between the groups with cerebellar ectopy with and without a syrinx (p = 0.899;p = 0.080, respectively). Likewise, McRae line length was not found to be related to the presence of a syrinx (p = 0.139). Median nerve SEP examination was not beneficial for diagnosing asymptomatic-oligosymptomatic Chiari malformation as a subclinical injury, whether accompanied by syringomyelia or not.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2067205).
文摘The theoretical uncertainties of single proton transfer cross sections of the(^(3)He,d)and(d,^(3)He)reactions,owing to the uncertainties of the entrance-and exit-channel optical model potentials,are examined with the^(30)Si(^(3)He,d)^(31)P,^(13)B(d,^(3)He)^(12)Be,and^(34)S(^(3)He,d)^(35)Cl reactions at incident energies of 25,46,and 25 MeV,respectively,within the framework of the distorted wave Born approximation.The differential cross sections at the first peaks in the angular distributions of these reactions are found to have uncertainties of approximately 5%,owing to the uncertainties in the optical model potentials from 20,000 calculations of randomly sampled parameters.This amount of uncertainty is found to be nearly independent of the angular momentum transfer and the target masses within the studied range of incident energies.Uncertainties in the single proton spectroscopic factors obtained by matching the theoretical and experimental cross sections at different scattering angles are also discussed.
文摘In this paper, the authors investigate compound action potentials formed when the underlying tract's axons have current-mediated coupling amongst themselves, and no field-mediated coupling. The key finding of the paper is that, for the case of biophysically inhomogeneous axon tracts, the compound action potential is governed by a Hodgkin-Huxley like equation itself in certain cases. The paper extends an earlier result for the identical axon case.
文摘We identify a class of transcendental entire maps of finite order, of disjoint-type, satisfying the rapid derivative growth condition. Within this class, we show that there exist hyperbolic transcendental entire maps that generate a large class of potentials which intersect the so-called tame potentials and form a distinct class of potentials. The methods and techniques derived from the thermodynamic formalism are applied to these potentials for transcendental entire maps acting on some subset of the Julia set which is conjugated to the shift map over a code space with a countable alphabet endowed with the euclidean induced metric on the complex plane.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81871768(to YH)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China,No.18JCYBJC29600(to HYC)High Level-Hospital Program,Health Commission of Guangdong Province,China,No.HKUSZH201902011(to YH)。
文摘The spinal cord is at risk of injury during spinal surgery.If intraoperative spinal co rd injury is identified early,irreve rsible impairment or loss of neurological function can be prevented.Different types of spinal cord injury result in damage to diffe rent spinal cord regions,which may cause diffe rent somatosensory and motor evoked potential signal res ponses.In this study,we examined electrophysiological and histopathological changes between contusion,distra ction,and dislocation spinal cord injuries in a rat model.We found that contusion led to the most severe dorsal white matter injury and caused considerable attenuation of both somatosensory and motor evoked potentials.Dislocation resulted in loss of myelinated axons in the lateral region of the injured spinal cord along the rostrocaudal axis.The amplitude of attenuation in motor evoked potential responses caused by dislocation was greater than that caused by contusion.After distraction injury,extracellular spaces were slightly but not significantly enlarged;somatosensory evoked potential res ponses slightly decreased and motor evoked potential responses were lost.Correlation analysis showed that histological and electrophysiological findings we re significantly correlated and related to injury type.Intraope rative monitoring of both somatosensory and motor evoked potentials has the potential to identify iatrogenic spinal cord injury type during surgery.
基金supported by a grant from Department of Animal Biology and Research Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology(RCBB),University of Tabriz(6906).
文摘Objective DUF538(domain of unknown function 538) domain containing proteins are known as putative hypothetical proteins in plants. Until yet, there is no much information regarding their structure and function. Methods In the present research work, the homologous structures and binding potentials were identified between plant/mammalian lipocalins and plant DUF538 protein by using bioinformatics and experimental tools including molecular dynamics simulation, molecular docking and recombinant technology-based techniques. Results Molecular docking analysis of their interactions with lipidic ligands including cholesterol and palmitic acid revealed the similar and comparable binding potentials between DUF538 and lipocalin proteins. Both the test proteins were found to have more affinity to cholesterol molecule in compare to palmitic acid. By using recombinant technology-based experiments, the heterologously expressed and purified fused product of DUF538 protein exhibited about 61% cholesterol binding ability. Conclusion As a conclusion, plants DUF538 protein family was predicted to be the structural and may be the functional homologues of plants/animals lipocalin superfamily.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China (2022CFB444)the Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modelling and High Performance Computing of Air Vehicles (NUAA)+1 种基金supported by the NSFC (12031006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.
文摘In this work,we study the linearized Landau equation with soft potentials and show that the smooth solution to the Cauchy problem with initial datum in L^(2)(ℝ^(3))enjoys an analytic regularization effect,and that the evolution of the analytic radius is the same as the heat equations.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, China (No. 81670945, 81541040)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (No. 2012jdhz13)+1 种基金Shaanxi Major International Cooperative Project, China (No. 2013KW-28)Key Science and Technology Program of Xi'an, China (No. SF1315(1))
文摘Objective: To investigate the effects of conductive hearing loss(CHL) on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(VEMPs) using a simulated CHL model, and to provide the basis for future studies.Methods: Twenty-one healthy subjects were recruited in this study. We measured ocular VEMPs(o VEMPs) and cervical VEMPs(c VEMPs) in these subjects by air-conduction sound(ACS) stimulation. CHL was simulated later by blocking the right external auditory canal with a soundproof earplug to evaluate its impacts on VEMPs. Subjects' responses before simulated CHL served as the control, and were compared to their responses following simulated CHL.Results: o VEMPs following simulated CHL showed decreased response rate, elevated thresholds, attenuated amplitudes and prolonged N1 latencies compared with those before simulated CHL, and the differences were statistically significant. Similarly, c VEMPs following simulated CHL also showed decreased response rate, elevated thresholds and attenuated amplitudes, with prolonged P1 latencies compared with those before simulated CHL, although only differences in response rate, threshold and amplitude were significant.Conclusions: Conductive hearing loss affects the response rate and other response parameters in o VEMPs and c VEMPs.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFA0300600 and 2016YFA0301500)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB07030000 and XDBS32000000)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11474347 and 31730039)the Fund from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2015CB351701)
文摘We observed the steady-state visually evoked potential(SSVEP) from a healthy subject using a compact quad-channel potassium spin exchange relaxation-free(SERF) optically pumped magnetometer(OPM). To this end, 30 s of data were collected, and SSVEP-related magnetic responses with signal intensity ranging from 150 fT to 300 f T were observed for all four channels. The corresponding signal to noise ratio(SNR) was in the range of 3.5–5.5. We then used different channels to operate the sensor as a gradiometer. In the specific case of detecting SSVEP, we noticed that the short channel separation distance led to a strongly diminished gradiometer signal. Although not optimal for the case of SSVEP detection, this set-up can prove to be highly useful for other magnetoencephalography(MEG) paradigms that require good noise cancellation.Considering its compactness, low cost, and good performance, the K-SERF sensor has great potential for biomagnetic field measurements and brain-computer interfaces(BCI).
基金supported by Japan China Sasakawa Medical Fellowship 2016(YL)
文摘Objectives: The aim of our study is to examine vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials(VEMPs) elicited by the galvanic vestibular stimulation in the sternocleidomastoid muscle(SCM) in healthy subjects for clinical applications of auditory neuropathy or vestibular neuropathy in the future.Methods: We enrolled sixteen healthy subjects to record the average responses of SCM to galvanic vestibular stimulation(GVS) [current 3 mA;duration 1 ms] by electromyography(EMG). SPSS 18.0 software was used to analyze the obtained data for mean and standard deviation.Results: In all healthy subjects mastoid-forehead galvanic vestibular stimulation produced a positive-negative biphasic EMG responses on SCM ipsilateral to the cathodal electrode. The latency of p13 was 11.7 ± 3.0 ms. The latency of n23 was 17.8 ± 3.4 ms. The amplitude of p13-n23 was147.0 ± 69.0 μV. The interaural asymmetry ratio(AR) of p13, n23 latency and the amplitude was respectively 0.12 ± 0.09, 0.08 ± 0.08 and0.16 ± 0.10.Discussions: Galvanic vestibular stimulation could elicit biphasic EMG responses from SCM via the vestibular nerve but not from the otolith organs. Galvanic stimulation together with air conducted sound(ACS) or bone conducted vibration(BCV) can elicit VEMPs and may enable the differentiation of retrolabyrinthine lesions from labyrinthine lesions in vestibular system.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korea Government(MSIP),No.2014R1A5A2009936
文摘AIM To investigate the effects of a water extract of Hwangryunhaedok-tang(HHTE) on the pacemaker potentials of mouse interstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs).METHODS We dissociated ICCs from small intestines and cultured. ICCs were immunologically identified using an antic-kit antibody. We used the whole-cell patch-clamp configuration to record the pacemaker potentials generated by cultured ICCs under the current clamp mode(I = 0). All experiments were performed at 30 ℃-32 ℃RESULTS HHTE dose-dependently depolarized ICC pacemaker potentials. Pretreatment with a 5-HT_3 receptor anta-gonist(Y25130) or a 5-HT_4 receptor antagonist(RS39604) blocked HHTE-induced pacemaker potential depolarizations, whereas pretreatment with a 5-HT7 receptor antagonist(SB269970) did not. Intracellular GDPβS inhibited HHTE-induced pacemaker potential depolarization and pretreatment with a Ca^(2+)-free solution or thapsigargin abolished the pacemaker potentials. In the presence of a Ca^(2+)-free solution or thapsigargin, HHTE did not depolarize ICC pacemaker potentials. In addition, HHTE-induced pacemaker potential depolarization was unaffected by a PKC inhibitor(calphostin C) or a Rho kinase inhibitor(Y27632). Of the four ingredients of HHT, Coptidis Rhizoma and Gardeniae Fructus more effectively inhibited pacemaker potential depolarization.CONCLUSION These results suggest that HHTE dose-dependently depolarizes ICC pacemaker potentials through 5-HT_3 and 5-HT_4 receptors via external and internal Ca^(2+) regulation and via G protein-, PKC-and Rho kinase-independent pathways.
基金Supported by the Research Foundation of Akdeniz University, Turkey
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effect of sodium tungstate on visual evoked potentials(VEPs) in diabetic rats.· METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups as normal control, diabetic control and diabetic rats treated with sodium tungstate. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(50 mg/kg). Sodium tungstate [40 mg/(kg·d)]was administered for 12 wk and then VEPs were recorded.Additionally, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) levels were measured in brain tissues.·RESULTS: The latencies of P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 waves were significantly prolonged in diabetic rats compared with control group. Diabetes mellitus caused an increase in the lipid peroxidation process that was accompanied by changes in VEPs. However, prolonged latencies of VEPs for all components returned to control levels in sodium tungstate-treated group. The treatment of sodium tungstate significantly decreased brain TBARS levels and depleted the prolonged latencies of VEP components compared with diabetic control group.· CONCLUSION: Sodium tungstate shows protective effects on visual pathway in diabetic rats, and it can be worthy of further study for potential use.
文摘Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are a series of signals about visual occipital cortex in response to visual stimuli and can be used as one of ob-jective non-invasive neuro-physiological pa-rameters to reflect the visual organs and central visual pathway’s functional integrity. Previous studies have shown that acute and chronic ex-ercise could affect VEPs independent from body temperature and other physiological parameters. VEPs may well be used as neuro-physiological criteria in defining the performances of the ath-letes. Different sports training have different effects on VEPs, but the results are not consis-tent. P100 latency is the representative compo-nent of VEPs and it is of high, steady amplitude and of slight intra- and inter-individual variabil-ity so that the index is most commonly used. The purpose of this study was to investigate the specificity and sensitivity of P100 latency to dif-ferent physical activities. The neural electricity device of NDI-200 was used to measure the pattern reversal VEPs of all subjects, including the values of the resting state before and after different events exercise. Different events exer-cise contained an aerobic cycloergometric ex-ercise (7 subjects were conducted to a Bruce Graded Exercise Test on the Monark Ergomedic 839E cycloergometer, THR (target heart rate) = 85% HRmax, 3 times/week, about 10 minutes once time, 6 weeks), tennis training (16 volun-teers, 2 hours/day, 3 days/week, 8 weeks), aerobic Latin exercise (7 subjects, 1 hour/day, 3 days/week, 6 weeks) and the Baduanjin of Health Qigong training (6 subjects, 1 hour/day, 3 days/week, 6 weeks). The VEPs recordings of the control groups obtained synchronized with the experimental groups. SPSS 11.5 for win-dows was used for statistical analysis. A level of P﹤0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. The VEPs P100 latency of post-exercise of all experimental groups except Baduanjin group became shorter significantly compared with those of pre-exercise (P﹤0.05). No significant difference was found between pre-and post- exercise for the control groups. This study showed that exercise could shorten the P100 la-tency significantly. Moreover, it also indicated that VEPs were sensitive to exercise to a certain extent. We concluded that VEPs might well be used as neuro-physiological criteria in defining the performances of the athletes. It was found that the VEPs P100 latency became shorter after most training programs;furthermore, it demon-strated that P100 latency of VEPs had little specificity to different events.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)(#2012CB967900)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31300624,81470684)+3 种基金Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2015M571818)Six Major Categories of Talent (2014-WSN043,2011-WS-074)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Jiangsu Province(201510313003Z,201510313003,KYLX14-1455)Clinic Medical Special Foundation of Jiangsu Province (b12014032)
文摘Objective:To report vestibular evoked myogenic potentials from different recording sites(neck extensor or masseter muscles) in miniature pigs and rats.Methods:Potentials were recorded using 1000 Hz tone bursts from the neck extensor muscle or masseter muscle in normal adult Bama miniature pigs and rats anesthetized with 3%pentobarbital sodium and Sumianxin Ⅱ.Results:At 80 dB SPL,the first positive wave(P wave) of VEMPs was recognizable in 58%of rats with a latency of 6.45±0.23 ms and an amplitude of 1.45±0.49 μV when recorded from the neck extensor muscle,and in 50%of rats with a latency of 6.38±0.34 ms and an amplitude of 1.57±0.35 μV when recorded from the masseter muscle.In miniature pigs,at the same stimulus intensity,P wave was recognizable in 58%of the animals with a latency of 7.65±0.64 ms and an amplitude of 1.66±0.34 μV when recorded from the neck extensor muscle,and in 50%of the animals with a latency of 7.65±0.64 ms and an amplitude of 0.31±0.28 μV when recorded from the masseter muscle.Conclusion:VEMP can be induced from both neck extensor and masseter muscles in the miniature pig and rat.For a given species,the site of recording affects P wave induction rate and amplitude but not latency.Consistency and repeatability analysis suggests that the masseter muscle is a better recording site in miniature pigs while the cervical extensor is a better recording site in rats.For a given recording site,both latency and amplitude of the P wave are slightly greater in miniature pigs than in rats.
文摘The effects of acupuncture on the sensory evoked cortical potentials were investigated in 31 rabbits anaesthetized with urethane of conscious, so as to see what happened to the functional state of cerebral cortex in the meantime. The visual, auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials as well as raw EEGs were recorded from the animal’s scalp. In most cases, an electro-acupuncture instrument was used instead of manual acupuncture. The main component amplitudes of evoked potentials,the frequency band powers and the total integral values of raw EEGs were analyzed. Results showed that during acupuncture the main components of evoked potentials were significantly depressed and the raw EEGs appeared desynchronized while the experimental animals were slightly activated. Moreover,both the total integral values of raw EEGs and the powers of lower frequency waves (1 - 3. 99 Hz)were decreased and positively correlated well with the amplitudes of main components of the evoked potentials. Therefore, the possibility that the effects of acupuncture on the evoked potentials are secondary to the changes of raw EEGs remains to be ruled out, and it is suggested that the inhibition of evoked potentials during acupuncture does not necessarily mean that the cerebral cortex is in an inhibitory
