Objective:Surgical procedures manifest immense risks to patients.One of the adverse events that healthcare professionals see as a threat to the patient’s health is the development of complications known as surgical s...Objective:Surgical procedures manifest immense risks to patients.One of the adverse events that healthcare professionals see as a threat to the patient’s health is the development of complications known as surgical site infection(SSI).Although several effor ts are being under taken to determine the proper means to reduce such complications,there is still a high incidence of SSI worldwide.Surgery requires knowledge in infection control and high precision in maintaining a clean surgical site.This study tested the effectiveness of an operating room(OR)bundle of care in preventing SSI in patients undergoing elective exploratory laparotomy cholecystectomy surgery.Methods:A quasi-experimental pretest and posttest design was utilized to determine its effectiveness.The study was composed of 60 par ticipants divided into two groups:30 subjects were selected to receive the OR bundle of care,while the other 30 subjects received the usual care.The groupings were determined through a systematic random sampling technique.The OR bundle of care had three interventions,namely:(1)maintaining perioperative normothermia,(2)no pre-operative surgical site hair removal,and(3)changing gloves before abdominal wall closure.These patients were evaluated using the standard instrument,Bates–Jensen Wound Assessment Tool(BWAT)in the post-intervention phases of the wound healing process,which are as follows:hemostasis,inflammatory,and proliferative phases.To describe the difference in the patients’wound status after implementation of the OR bundle of care in each post-intervention phase,Friedman’s test was used.To describe the difference in the patients’wound status in both groups after implementation of the OR bundle of care,the Mann–Whitney U test was used.Results:The patient’s wound status was lower,indicating a more healing process.Differences between the wound status of the control and the experimental group were observed on the third postoperative day.This indicates that the experimental group’s wound status healed much faster and more effectively than the control group based on the BWAT scoring severity scoring.A significant difference in the patient’s wound status from the hemostasis phase compared with the proliferative phase was observed.Conclusions:The OR bundle of care has been shown to be effective in preventing SSI in patients who had undergone exploratory laparotomy cholecystectomy surgery in the selected hospital,if there is uniform and consistent implementation of the said intervention.展开更多
The autumn season marks the peak incidence of respiratory diseases.In order to further enhance the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in China and safeguard public health,the Academic Conference...The autumn season marks the peak incidence of respiratory diseases.In order to further enhance the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in China and safeguard public health,the Academic Conference on Vaccines Preventing Respiratory Infections,organized by the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association(CPMA).展开更多
Cloud computing is one of the most attractive and cost-saving models,which provides online services to end-users.Cloud computing allows the user to access data directly from any node.But nowadays,cloud security is one...Cloud computing is one of the most attractive and cost-saving models,which provides online services to end-users.Cloud computing allows the user to access data directly from any node.But nowadays,cloud security is one of the biggest issues that arise.Different types of malware are wreaking havoc on the clouds.Attacks on the cloud server are happening from both internal and external sides.This paper has developed a tool to prevent the cloud server from spamming attacks.When an attacker attempts to use different spamming techniques on a cloud server,the attacker will be intercepted through two effective techniques:Cloudflare and K-nearest neighbors(KNN)classification.Cloudflare will block those IP addresses that the attacker will use and prevent spamming attacks.However,the KNN classifiers will determine which area the spammer belongs to.At the end of the article,various prevention techniques for securing cloud servers will be discussed,a comparison will be made with different papers,a conclusion will be drawn based on different results.展开更多
This research aimed to study the preventive and relieving outcomes of kiwi berry on constipation.The administration of kiwi berries to mice resulted in a significant increase in body weight gain of 148.2%compared to m...This research aimed to study the preventive and relieving outcomes of kiwi berry on constipation.The administration of kiwi berries to mice resulted in a significant increase in body weight gain of 148.2%compared to mice that were constipated.The number of stools and the water content of stools both increased by 138.5%and 106.5%,respectively.The gastrointestinal transit rate increased by 45.3%,and the time it took for the first dark stool to form decreased by 57.5%.The levels of the excitability neurotransmitters were found to be higher in the group that had been given kiwi berries in comparison to the group that had been given loperamide.The opposite results were produced by vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)and aquaporin-3(AQP3).In addition,kiwi berry consumption may lessen epithelial cell apoptosis and promote colon health.All the results point to kiwi berries as an extremely promising food supplement for the prevention and relief of constipation in the future since they successfully prevent and alleviate constipation brought on by loperamide.展开更多
Potential’s fluctuation of rust preventing oil film during its degradation was studied using wirebeam electrode. Being non-destructive and simple, potential measurement is a very repetitive method. Otherelectrochemic...Potential’s fluctuation of rust preventing oil film during its degradation was studied using wirebeam electrode. Being non-destructive and simple, potential measurement is a very repetitive method. Otherelectrochemical testing method, e. g., polarization resistance, can breakdown the integrity of oil coating byDC current; EIS is time consuming. As a special electrochemical sensor, wire beam electrode contains 101wires of mild steel wires, and it is helpful to improve the reproducibility of electrochemical test evidently.Using this electrode, the electrochemical parameters and their distribution which was related to under filmcorrosion process are measured directly so as to describe potential’s fluctuation of rust preventing oil film. Itis pointed out that there is potential’s fluctuation on rust preventing oil film during its degradation, and thischaracteristic has direct effect on the self-repairing ability of rust preventing oil film. However, for the uncoated metal electrode and base oil film, there is no such behavior. It is also pointed out that inhibitors in theoil film have direct effect on its self-repairing ability.展开更多
Based on the meteorological data in Fushun,Qingyuan and Xinbing from 1961 to 2008,the status quo of major agro-climatic resources in Fushun were analyzed.The abundant rainfall,sufficient sunshine and rich thermal reso...Based on the meteorological data in Fushun,Qingyuan and Xinbing from 1961 to 2008,the status quo of major agro-climatic resources in Fushun were analyzed.The abundant rainfall,sufficient sunshine and rich thermal resources were suitable for the development of modern agricultural production.The specific measures of effective use of climate resources were put forward according to geographical location and climatic characteristics of Fushun.The advantages of agro-climate resources were exerted for large edible fungi industry;effective accumulated temperature was applied for adjustment of plantation structure;three-dimensional agriculture in the mountainous area was developed vigorously.The main types of meteorological disasters constraining agricultural development in Fushun and their hazards were summarized,including droughts,floods,hail,etc.In addition,some scientific preventing measures of meteorological disaster were proposed.展开更多
The application of magnetic treatment technology to hot water recirculating systems resulted in a reduction in scale deposited on the inside pipe walls by changing the formation of scale from its solid form to slag. T...The application of magnetic treatment technology to hot water recirculating systems resulted in a reduction in scale deposited on the inside pipe walls by changing the formation of scale from its solid form to slag. The classical Gouy and Chapman theory were used to qualitatively offer an explanation for the results.展开更多
The Problem: We have previously suggested that an alternative approach to preventing cardiovascular disease is necessary because atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has been increasing for the last 50 years...The Problem: We have previously suggested that an alternative approach to preventing cardiovascular disease is necessary because atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has been increasing for the last 50 years and has now reached epidemic status. Since the year 2000, approximately 600,000 heart attacks and ASCVD related deaths have occurred annually in the United States. It is the most common cause of death in the U.S., more than all cancers combined. The financial costs are staggering, amounting to 555 billion dollars per year in direct and indirect costs. Outlook for an improvement in these statistics is not encouraging as the U.S. population continues to become more obese and to develop diabetes. The Question: Why is ASCVD continuing to be a major challenge to healthcare providers when the pathogenesis is known and inexpensive preventative treatment is available? The reasons are multiple and complex. First, present financial reimbursement policies of healthcare organizations reward treatment of a disease and its complications instead of preventing the disease. Second, professional guidelines and treatment goals are often too complex, subject to interpretation, and time-consuming to be useful in the clinical setting. Third, no specific follow-up of patients at risk for ASCVD is recommended when the risk assessment changes. Fourth, many expensive cardiovascular diagnostic tests are utilized without meeting appropriate guidelines for their use. Fifth, treatment of individuals without first proving the presence of disease results in poor adherence to therapy. The Solution: This article describes the rationale for a new approach to the prevention of ASCVD in asymptomatic individuals. It is based upon preventing ASCVD by identifying all asymptomatic individuals with subclinical disease before an ASCVD event occurs. It recommends that all adults be screened for ASCVD on or before the age of 50 using a non-invasive atherosclerosis specific coronary artery calcium heart scan. Further recommendations include treating all calcium positive individuals to reverse their atherosclerotic coronary artery plaques with a combination of a low cholesterol diet, rosuvastatin 10 mg/day, and ezetimibe 10 mg/day. The therapeutic goal is a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol below 50 mg/dl to ensure regression of atherosclerosis. For individuals who have a zero calcium score, a repeat scan in 3 to 5 years is recommended. This new approach can easily be integrated into ongoing heart disease prevention programs to reduce the burden of ASCVD within the next five years. Conclusion: The mortality, morbidity, and cost of ASCVD have reached unacceptable levels. Reducing this disease to a rare condition will require the efforts of many individuals to organize, educate, and facilitate the goal of identifying all individuals with subclinical ASCVD. Once identified, aggressive therapy is required to reverse their atherosclerotic plaques in order to prevent heart attacks and atherosclerotic strokes. If successful, within 5 years the majority of the patients with asymptomatic ASCVD can be identified and if treated appropriately, reduce the prevalence and cost of ASCVD by 90%.展开更多
Objective To study the therapeutic efficacy of combined interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin on preventing bladder cancers from recurring after local ablation. Methods 28 patients wit...Objective To study the therapeutic efficacy of combined interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin on preventing bladder cancers from recurring after local ablation. Methods 28 patients with superficial bladder cancers were randomized into combined interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin or intravesical instillation of mitomycin alone for preventing recurrence after local ablation. The result was assessed by x2 test. Results The patients have been followed up for 12-26 months (mean 21 months). 1 case has had tumor recurrence in the combined modality therapy group and 4 in the intravesical instillation alone group, the tumor recurrence rate being 7% (1/14) and 29% (4/14) respectively (P【0.05). Conclusion Combined use of interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin is effective in preventing superficial bladder cancer from recurring after local ablation with fewer adverse effects. The ragimen is not only reliable but展开更多
To investigate the effects of intravesical therapy with elemene in preventing postoperative recurrence of superficial bladder cancer and its toxic and side effects.Methods This series included 123 patients with superf...To investigate the effects of intravesical therapy with elemene in preventing postoperative recurrence of superficial bladder cancer and its toxic and side effects.Methods This series included 123 patients with superficial bladder cancer (T1),consisting of transitional cell carcinoma GⅠ in 37 cases,GⅡ in 73 and GⅢ in 13.They all underwent surgical treatment.Postoperatively,they were randomly assigned to 2 groups;63 patients in elemene group received instillation of elemene (400 mg,once a week) 2 weeks after operation and 60 patients in mitomycin C (MMC) group received instillation of MMC (40 mg,once a week) 2 weeks after operation.The instillations were repeated for 6 weeks and thereafter monthly for 1 year.The recurrence rates,side effects,and NK cell activity before and after treatment were evaluated.Results The recurrence rate of elemene group (mean follow-up of 19.7 months) was 7.9% (5 cases),which was significantly lower than that (25.0%,15 cases) of MMC group (mean follow-up of 19.4 months;P<0.05).The side effect in elemene group (3.2%,2 cases) was significantly milder than that in MMC group (25.0%,15 cases)(P<0.05).In elemene group,the NK cell activity after treatment (28±2)% was significantly higher than that before treatment(20±2)%(P<0.05).Conclusion Instillation of elemene after operation is effective and safe in preventing postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer.8 refs.展开更多
Objective:To explore the therapeutic and recurrence-preventing effects of Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in rats with acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer.Methods:A total of 138 SD rats were selected to mak...Objective:To explore the therapeutic and recurrence-preventing effects of Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in rats with acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer.Methods:A total of 138 SD rats were selected to make rat models with gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid(24 rats with sham operation served as sham operation group),and were randomly divided into model group(n=30),western medicine group(n=30),traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) group(n=24) and combination group(combined western medicine and TCM group,n=30).Western medicine group was gavaged with omeprazole in the morning and with iso-volumetric distilled water in the afternoon;TCM group and TCM sham operation group were gavaged with iso-volumetric distilled water in the morning and with Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in the afternoon;combination group was gavaged with omeprazole in the morning and with Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in the afternoon;sham operation group and model group were gavaged with iso-volumetric distilled water both in the morning and afternoon.Ulcer indexes and degree of mucosal degree in rats at different time points after gavage were observed.Twentyeight days after gavage,interleukin(IL)-1β was given to induce ulcer recurrence so as to observe the recurrent severity and rate of ulcer in each group.Results:Compared with model group and western medicine group,treatment in combination group could prominently reduce the ulcer index of rats with peptic ulcer,and increase the healing rate and inhibition rate of peptic ulcer.After IL-1β-induced ulcer recurrence,combination group was significantly superior to model group and western medicine group in ulcer recurrent rate[50%(3/6) vs.100%(6/6)]and severity.Conclusions:Basic acid-suppression therapy combined with Qi-Replenishing and BloodActivating Formula can effectually improve the ulcer healing quality and reduce ulcer recurrence.展开更多
To report a new screening method for mitochondrial DNA 1555A→G mutation and the results of genotype analysis in 19 maternal inherited deafness pedigrees. Method Five hundred and forty-six non-syndromic neuro-sensory ...To report a new screening method for mitochondrial DNA 1555A→G mutation and the results of genotype analysis in 19 maternal inherited deafness pedigrees. Method Five hundred and forty-six non-syndromic neuro-sensory hearing loss patients were tested for 1555A→G mutation using a new compact testing kit, which allows clear distinction between wild type and 1555 A→G mutated mtDNAs. Results Nineteen subjects among the 546 patients (3.48%) were found to carry mtDNA A1555G mutation. The results were confirmed by sequencing in an ABI 3100 Avant sequencer. Conclusions Maternal inherited deafness families are a frequently seen in outpatient group. The detection of mtDNA 1555 A→G mutation with a low cost, ready to use detection kit is needed and suitable in China for large scale screening and preventive testing before usage of aminoglycoside antibiotics.展开更多
Background:Football is the most practised sport in the world and is associated with the risk of injuries in the players.Some studies have been published that identify injury prevention programs,but there is no review ...Background:Football is the most practised sport in the world and is associated with the risk of injuries in the players.Some studies have been published that identify injury prevention programs,but there is no review of the full body of evidence on injury prevention programs for use by football coaches.The aim of this article was to carry out a systematic review of published studies on injury prevention programs for adult male footballers,identify points of common understanding and establish recommendations that should be considered in the design of injury prevention strategies.Methods:PubMed and EMBASE databases were used to identify relevant published articles using the following keywords:"soccer"AND"injury"AND"prevention".Results:A total of 2512 studies were identified initially,but only 11 studies met the inclusion criteria,and their outcomes are presented.Results revealed that injury prevention programs in football have focused on strength training,proprioceptive training,multicomponent programs(balance,core stability,and functional strength and mobility),and warm-up programs.Conclusion:Based on results from the studies analyzed,football players can lower the incidence of match and training injuries by participating in dynamic warm-up programs that include preventive exercises before games or during training sessions,and by adding strength,balance,and mobility training to the training sessions.展开更多
Since 1999, the problem of patient safety has drawn particular attention, becoming a priority in health care. A "medication error"(ME) is any preventable event occurring at any phase of the pharmacotherapy p...Since 1999, the problem of patient safety has drawn particular attention, becoming a priority in health care. A "medication error"(ME) is any preventable event occurring at any phase of the pharmacotherapy process(ordering, transcribing, dispensing, administering, and monitoring) that leads to, or can lead to, harm to the patient. Hence, MEs can involve every professional of the clinical team. MEs range from those with severe consequences to those with little or no impact on the patient. Although a high ME rate has been found in neonatal wards, newborn safety issues have not been adequately studied until now. Healthcare professionals working in neonatal wards are particularly susceptible to committing MEs due to the peculiarities of newborn patients and of the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) environment. Current neonatal prevention strategies for MEs have been borrowed from adult wards, but many factors such as high costs and organizational barriers have hindered their diffusion. In general, two types of strategies have been proposed: the first strategy consists of identifying human factors that result in errors and redesigning the work in the NICU in order to minimize them; the second one suggests to design and implement effective systems for preventing errors or intercepting them before reaching the patient. In the future, prevention strategies for MEs need to be improved and tailored to the special neonatal population and the NICU environment and, at the same time, every effort will have to be made to support their clinical application.展开更多
The aim of this study is to report on a brief alcohol intervention for preventing drinking during pregnancy. The Women’s Organizations Committee on Alcohol and Drug Issues (WOCAD) in Sweden developed an informational...The aim of this study is to report on a brief alcohol intervention for preventing drinking during pregnancy. The Women’s Organizations Committee on Alcohol and Drug Issues (WOCAD) in Sweden developed an informational brochure about alcohol during pregnancy, intended to reach pregnant women before their first visit at a prenatal clinic. A randomized controlled trial was conducted between 2004 and 2005 to measure whether the brochure had any effect. A total of 564 pregnant women between 17 and 46 years of age are included in the study. Differences between the intervention and control groups were analyzed with cross-tabulations and chi-squared tests. A multiple logistic regression analysis was also conducted to determine predictors of abstention from alcohol at the first prenatal visit. Findings show that significantly more of the women who received the brochure abstained completely from alcohol then of those who did not receive it (92% vs. 82%, p = 0.005). It was 2.6 times more likely that those who received the brochure had abstained completely from alcohol since pregnancy recognition at their first prenatal visit compared with those who did not receive it (OR = 2.6, CI 1.3 - 5.1, p = 0.005). We conclude that the informational brochure developed by WOCAD can be used in prenatal care to get more women to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of carbetocin in preventing postpartum hemorrhage caused by uterine inertia.Methods: A total of 256 puerpera with single full-term delivery who were admitted in our hospital from May, 2...Objective:To explore the effect of carbetocin in preventing postpartum hemorrhage caused by uterine inertia.Methods: A total of 256 puerpera with single full-term delivery who were admitted in our hospital from May, 2015 to May, 2016 were included in the study and divided into the vaginal delivery group and cesarean section group with 128 cases in each group according to the delivery ways. According to the medication, each group was divided into the carbetocin group and oxytocin group with 64 cases in each group. After fetus delivery, the puerpera in the carbetocin group were given intravenous injection of carbetocin (100μg), while the puerpera in the oxytocin group were given intravenous injection of oxytocin (10 U)+0.9% NaCl (500 mL) for 2 h. The amount of bleeding at delivery, 2 h and 24 h after delivery in each group was observed. A volume of 5 mL elbow venous blood before delivery and 24 h after delivery was extracted. The automatic blood cell analyzer was used to detect the decreased value of 24 h hemoglobin in each group. The coagulation detector was used to detect PT, APTT, and FIB before delivery and 24 h after delivery. The blood pressure and heart rate before and after medication in each group were observed.Results: The amount of bleeding at delivery, 2 h and 24 h after delivery in the carbetocin group was signiifcantly less than that in the oxytocin group (P<0.05). The decreased value of 24 h hemoglobin after delivery in the carbetocin group was signiifcantly less than that in the oxytocin group (P<0.05). The indicators of coagulation function 24 h after delivery in each group were not signiifcantly changed (P>0.05). The heart rate and blood pressure after medication in each group were not significantly changed when compared with before medication (P>0.05).Conclusions:Carbetocin can effectively prevent the postpartum hemorrhage caused by uterine inertia, and is safe and effective in application of vaginal delivery and cesarean section;therefore, it deserves to be widely recommended in the clinic.展开更多
文摘Objective:Surgical procedures manifest immense risks to patients.One of the adverse events that healthcare professionals see as a threat to the patient’s health is the development of complications known as surgical site infection(SSI).Although several effor ts are being under taken to determine the proper means to reduce such complications,there is still a high incidence of SSI worldwide.Surgery requires knowledge in infection control and high precision in maintaining a clean surgical site.This study tested the effectiveness of an operating room(OR)bundle of care in preventing SSI in patients undergoing elective exploratory laparotomy cholecystectomy surgery.Methods:A quasi-experimental pretest and posttest design was utilized to determine its effectiveness.The study was composed of 60 par ticipants divided into two groups:30 subjects were selected to receive the OR bundle of care,while the other 30 subjects received the usual care.The groupings were determined through a systematic random sampling technique.The OR bundle of care had three interventions,namely:(1)maintaining perioperative normothermia,(2)no pre-operative surgical site hair removal,and(3)changing gloves before abdominal wall closure.These patients were evaluated using the standard instrument,Bates–Jensen Wound Assessment Tool(BWAT)in the post-intervention phases of the wound healing process,which are as follows:hemostasis,inflammatory,and proliferative phases.To describe the difference in the patients’wound status after implementation of the OR bundle of care in each post-intervention phase,Friedman’s test was used.To describe the difference in the patients’wound status in both groups after implementation of the OR bundle of care,the Mann–Whitney U test was used.Results:The patient’s wound status was lower,indicating a more healing process.Differences between the wound status of the control and the experimental group were observed on the third postoperative day.This indicates that the experimental group’s wound status healed much faster and more effectively than the control group based on the BWAT scoring severity scoring.A significant difference in the patient’s wound status from the hemostasis phase compared with the proliferative phase was observed.Conclusions:The OR bundle of care has been shown to be effective in preventing SSI in patients who had undergone exploratory laparotomy cholecystectomy surgery in the selected hospital,if there is uniform and consistent implementation of the said intervention.
文摘The autumn season marks the peak incidence of respiratory diseases.In order to further enhance the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in China and safeguard public health,the Academic Conference on Vaccines Preventing Respiratory Infections,organized by the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association(CPMA).
文摘Cloud computing is one of the most attractive and cost-saving models,which provides online services to end-users.Cloud computing allows the user to access data directly from any node.But nowadays,cloud security is one of the biggest issues that arise.Different types of malware are wreaking havoc on the clouds.Attacks on the cloud server are happening from both internal and external sides.This paper has developed a tool to prevent the cloud server from spamming attacks.When an attacker attempts to use different spamming techniques on a cloud server,the attacker will be intercepted through two effective techniques:Cloudflare and K-nearest neighbors(KNN)classification.Cloudflare will block those IP addresses that the attacker will use and prevent spamming attacks.However,the KNN classifiers will determine which area the spammer belongs to.At the end of the article,various prevention techniques for securing cloud servers will be discussed,a comparison will be made with different papers,a conclusion will be drawn based on different results.
基金The First Batch of Liaoning'Unveiling Leader'Scientific and Technological Projects(2021JH1/10400036)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-29)Liaoning Province food processing chief science and technology special commissioner(2022JH5/10400125)。
文摘This research aimed to study the preventive and relieving outcomes of kiwi berry on constipation.The administration of kiwi berries to mice resulted in a significant increase in body weight gain of 148.2%compared to mice that were constipated.The number of stools and the water content of stools both increased by 138.5%and 106.5%,respectively.The gastrointestinal transit rate increased by 45.3%,and the time it took for the first dark stool to form decreased by 57.5%.The levels of the excitability neurotransmitters were found to be higher in the group that had been given kiwi berries in comparison to the group that had been given loperamide.The opposite results were produced by vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)and aquaporin-3(AQP3).In addition,kiwi berry consumption may lessen epithelial cell apoptosis and promote colon health.All the results point to kiwi berries as an extremely promising food supplement for the prevention and relief of constipation in the future since they successfully prevent and alleviate constipation brought on by loperamide.
文摘Potential’s fluctuation of rust preventing oil film during its degradation was studied using wirebeam electrode. Being non-destructive and simple, potential measurement is a very repetitive method. Otherelectrochemical testing method, e. g., polarization resistance, can breakdown the integrity of oil coating byDC current; EIS is time consuming. As a special electrochemical sensor, wire beam electrode contains 101wires of mild steel wires, and it is helpful to improve the reproducibility of electrochemical test evidently.Using this electrode, the electrochemical parameters and their distribution which was related to under filmcorrosion process are measured directly so as to describe potential’s fluctuation of rust preventing oil film. Itis pointed out that there is potential’s fluctuation on rust preventing oil film during its degradation, and thischaracteristic has direct effect on the self-repairing ability of rust preventing oil film. However, for the uncoated metal electrode and base oil film, there is no such behavior. It is also pointed out that inhibitors in theoil film have direct effect on its self-repairing ability.
基金Supported by Fushun Government Substance Subject (20071209)
文摘Based on the meteorological data in Fushun,Qingyuan and Xinbing from 1961 to 2008,the status quo of major agro-climatic resources in Fushun were analyzed.The abundant rainfall,sufficient sunshine and rich thermal resources were suitable for the development of modern agricultural production.The specific measures of effective use of climate resources were put forward according to geographical location and climatic characteristics of Fushun.The advantages of agro-climate resources were exerted for large edible fungi industry;effective accumulated temperature was applied for adjustment of plantation structure;three-dimensional agriculture in the mountainous area was developed vigorously.The main types of meteorological disasters constraining agricultural development in Fushun and their hazards were summarized,including droughts,floods,hail,etc.In addition,some scientific preventing measures of meteorological disaster were proposed.
文摘The application of magnetic treatment technology to hot water recirculating systems resulted in a reduction in scale deposited on the inside pipe walls by changing the formation of scale from its solid form to slag. The classical Gouy and Chapman theory were used to qualitatively offer an explanation for the results.
文摘The Problem: We have previously suggested that an alternative approach to preventing cardiovascular disease is necessary because atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has been increasing for the last 50 years and has now reached epidemic status. Since the year 2000, approximately 600,000 heart attacks and ASCVD related deaths have occurred annually in the United States. It is the most common cause of death in the U.S., more than all cancers combined. The financial costs are staggering, amounting to 555 billion dollars per year in direct and indirect costs. Outlook for an improvement in these statistics is not encouraging as the U.S. population continues to become more obese and to develop diabetes. The Question: Why is ASCVD continuing to be a major challenge to healthcare providers when the pathogenesis is known and inexpensive preventative treatment is available? The reasons are multiple and complex. First, present financial reimbursement policies of healthcare organizations reward treatment of a disease and its complications instead of preventing the disease. Second, professional guidelines and treatment goals are often too complex, subject to interpretation, and time-consuming to be useful in the clinical setting. Third, no specific follow-up of patients at risk for ASCVD is recommended when the risk assessment changes. Fourth, many expensive cardiovascular diagnostic tests are utilized without meeting appropriate guidelines for their use. Fifth, treatment of individuals without first proving the presence of disease results in poor adherence to therapy. The Solution: This article describes the rationale for a new approach to the prevention of ASCVD in asymptomatic individuals. It is based upon preventing ASCVD by identifying all asymptomatic individuals with subclinical disease before an ASCVD event occurs. It recommends that all adults be screened for ASCVD on or before the age of 50 using a non-invasive atherosclerosis specific coronary artery calcium heart scan. Further recommendations include treating all calcium positive individuals to reverse their atherosclerotic coronary artery plaques with a combination of a low cholesterol diet, rosuvastatin 10 mg/day, and ezetimibe 10 mg/day. The therapeutic goal is a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol below 50 mg/dl to ensure regression of atherosclerosis. For individuals who have a zero calcium score, a repeat scan in 3 to 5 years is recommended. This new approach can easily be integrated into ongoing heart disease prevention programs to reduce the burden of ASCVD within the next five years. Conclusion: The mortality, morbidity, and cost of ASCVD have reached unacceptable levels. Reducing this disease to a rare condition will require the efforts of many individuals to organize, educate, and facilitate the goal of identifying all individuals with subclinical ASCVD. Once identified, aggressive therapy is required to reverse their atherosclerotic plaques in order to prevent heart attacks and atherosclerotic strokes. If successful, within 5 years the majority of the patients with asymptomatic ASCVD can be identified and if treated appropriately, reduce the prevalence and cost of ASCVD by 90%.
文摘Objective To study the therapeutic efficacy of combined interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin on preventing bladder cancers from recurring after local ablation. Methods 28 patients with superficial bladder cancers were randomized into combined interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin or intravesical instillation of mitomycin alone for preventing recurrence after local ablation. The result was assessed by x2 test. Results The patients have been followed up for 12-26 months (mean 21 months). 1 case has had tumor recurrence in the combined modality therapy group and 4 in the intravesical instillation alone group, the tumor recurrence rate being 7% (1/14) and 29% (4/14) respectively (P【0.05). Conclusion Combined use of interventional chemotherapy and intravesical instillation of mitomycin is effective in preventing superficial bladder cancer from recurring after local ablation with fewer adverse effects. The ragimen is not only reliable but
文摘To investigate the effects of intravesical therapy with elemene in preventing postoperative recurrence of superficial bladder cancer and its toxic and side effects.Methods This series included 123 patients with superficial bladder cancer (T1),consisting of transitional cell carcinoma GⅠ in 37 cases,GⅡ in 73 and GⅢ in 13.They all underwent surgical treatment.Postoperatively,they were randomly assigned to 2 groups;63 patients in elemene group received instillation of elemene (400 mg,once a week) 2 weeks after operation and 60 patients in mitomycin C (MMC) group received instillation of MMC (40 mg,once a week) 2 weeks after operation.The instillations were repeated for 6 weeks and thereafter monthly for 1 year.The recurrence rates,side effects,and NK cell activity before and after treatment were evaluated.Results The recurrence rate of elemene group (mean follow-up of 19.7 months) was 7.9% (5 cases),which was significantly lower than that (25.0%,15 cases) of MMC group (mean follow-up of 19.4 months;P<0.05).The side effect in elemene group (3.2%,2 cases) was significantly milder than that in MMC group (25.0%,15 cases)(P<0.05).In elemene group,the NK cell activity after treatment (28±2)% was significantly higher than that before treatment(20±2)%(P<0.05).Conclusion Instillation of elemene after operation is effective and safe in preventing postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer.8 refs.
基金financially supported by Suzhou Science and Technology Bureau Project(SYS201366)Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Project of Traditional Chinese Medicing Bureau(YB2015097)
文摘Objective:To explore the therapeutic and recurrence-preventing effects of Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in rats with acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer.Methods:A total of 138 SD rats were selected to make rat models with gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid(24 rats with sham operation served as sham operation group),and were randomly divided into model group(n=30),western medicine group(n=30),traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) group(n=24) and combination group(combined western medicine and TCM group,n=30).Western medicine group was gavaged with omeprazole in the morning and with iso-volumetric distilled water in the afternoon;TCM group and TCM sham operation group were gavaged with iso-volumetric distilled water in the morning and with Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in the afternoon;combination group was gavaged with omeprazole in the morning and with Qi-Replenishing and Blood-Activating Formula in the afternoon;sham operation group and model group were gavaged with iso-volumetric distilled water both in the morning and afternoon.Ulcer indexes and degree of mucosal degree in rats at different time points after gavage were observed.Twentyeight days after gavage,interleukin(IL)-1β was given to induce ulcer recurrence so as to observe the recurrent severity and rate of ulcer in each group.Results:Compared with model group and western medicine group,treatment in combination group could prominently reduce the ulcer index of rats with peptic ulcer,and increase the healing rate and inhibition rate of peptic ulcer.After IL-1β-induced ulcer recurrence,combination group was significantly superior to model group and western medicine group in ulcer recurrent rate[50%(3/6) vs.100%(6/6)]and severity.Conclusions:Basic acid-suppression therapy combined with Qi-Replenishing and BloodActivating Formula can effectually improve the ulcer healing quality and reduce ulcer recurrence.
文摘To report a new screening method for mitochondrial DNA 1555A→G mutation and the results of genotype analysis in 19 maternal inherited deafness pedigrees. Method Five hundred and forty-six non-syndromic neuro-sensory hearing loss patients were tested for 1555A→G mutation using a new compact testing kit, which allows clear distinction between wild type and 1555 A→G mutated mtDNAs. Results Nineteen subjects among the 546 patients (3.48%) were found to carry mtDNA A1555G mutation. The results were confirmed by sequencing in an ABI 3100 Avant sequencer. Conclusions Maternal inherited deafness families are a frequently seen in outpatient group. The detection of mtDNA 1555 A→G mutation with a low cost, ready to use detection kit is needed and suitable in China for large scale screening and preventive testing before usage of aminoglycoside antibiotics.
文摘Background:Football is the most practised sport in the world and is associated with the risk of injuries in the players.Some studies have been published that identify injury prevention programs,but there is no review of the full body of evidence on injury prevention programs for use by football coaches.The aim of this article was to carry out a systematic review of published studies on injury prevention programs for adult male footballers,identify points of common understanding and establish recommendations that should be considered in the design of injury prevention strategies.Methods:PubMed and EMBASE databases were used to identify relevant published articles using the following keywords:"soccer"AND"injury"AND"prevention".Results:A total of 2512 studies were identified initially,but only 11 studies met the inclusion criteria,and their outcomes are presented.Results revealed that injury prevention programs in football have focused on strength training,proprioceptive training,multicomponent programs(balance,core stability,and functional strength and mobility),and warm-up programs.Conclusion:Based on results from the studies analyzed,football players can lower the incidence of match and training injuries by participating in dynamic warm-up programs that include preventive exercises before games or during training sessions,and by adding strength,balance,and mobility training to the training sessions.
文摘Since 1999, the problem of patient safety has drawn particular attention, becoming a priority in health care. A "medication error"(ME) is any preventable event occurring at any phase of the pharmacotherapy process(ordering, transcribing, dispensing, administering, and monitoring) that leads to, or can lead to, harm to the patient. Hence, MEs can involve every professional of the clinical team. MEs range from those with severe consequences to those with little or no impact on the patient. Although a high ME rate has been found in neonatal wards, newborn safety issues have not been adequately studied until now. Healthcare professionals working in neonatal wards are particularly susceptible to committing MEs due to the peculiarities of newborn patients and of the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) environment. Current neonatal prevention strategies for MEs have been borrowed from adult wards, but many factors such as high costs and organizational barriers have hindered their diffusion. In general, two types of strategies have been proposed: the first strategy consists of identifying human factors that result in errors and redesigning the work in the NICU in order to minimize them; the second one suggests to design and implement effective systems for preventing errors or intercepting them before reaching the patient. In the future, prevention strategies for MEs need to be improved and tailored to the special neonatal population and the NICU environment and, at the same time, every effort will have to be made to support their clinical application.
文摘The aim of this study is to report on a brief alcohol intervention for preventing drinking during pregnancy. The Women’s Organizations Committee on Alcohol and Drug Issues (WOCAD) in Sweden developed an informational brochure about alcohol during pregnancy, intended to reach pregnant women before their first visit at a prenatal clinic. A randomized controlled trial was conducted between 2004 and 2005 to measure whether the brochure had any effect. A total of 564 pregnant women between 17 and 46 years of age are included in the study. Differences between the intervention and control groups were analyzed with cross-tabulations and chi-squared tests. A multiple logistic regression analysis was also conducted to determine predictors of abstention from alcohol at the first prenatal visit. Findings show that significantly more of the women who received the brochure abstained completely from alcohol then of those who did not receive it (92% vs. 82%, p = 0.005). It was 2.6 times more likely that those who received the brochure had abstained completely from alcohol since pregnancy recognition at their first prenatal visit compared with those who did not receive it (OR = 2.6, CI 1.3 - 5.1, p = 0.005). We conclude that the informational brochure developed by WOCAD can be used in prenatal care to get more women to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy.
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of carbetocin in preventing postpartum hemorrhage caused by uterine inertia.Methods: A total of 256 puerpera with single full-term delivery who were admitted in our hospital from May, 2015 to May, 2016 were included in the study and divided into the vaginal delivery group and cesarean section group with 128 cases in each group according to the delivery ways. According to the medication, each group was divided into the carbetocin group and oxytocin group with 64 cases in each group. After fetus delivery, the puerpera in the carbetocin group were given intravenous injection of carbetocin (100μg), while the puerpera in the oxytocin group were given intravenous injection of oxytocin (10 U)+0.9% NaCl (500 mL) for 2 h. The amount of bleeding at delivery, 2 h and 24 h after delivery in each group was observed. A volume of 5 mL elbow venous blood before delivery and 24 h after delivery was extracted. The automatic blood cell analyzer was used to detect the decreased value of 24 h hemoglobin in each group. The coagulation detector was used to detect PT, APTT, and FIB before delivery and 24 h after delivery. The blood pressure and heart rate before and after medication in each group were observed.Results: The amount of bleeding at delivery, 2 h and 24 h after delivery in the carbetocin group was signiifcantly less than that in the oxytocin group (P<0.05). The decreased value of 24 h hemoglobin after delivery in the carbetocin group was signiifcantly less than that in the oxytocin group (P<0.05). The indicators of coagulation function 24 h after delivery in each group were not signiifcantly changed (P>0.05). The heart rate and blood pressure after medication in each group were not significantly changed when compared with before medication (P>0.05).Conclusions:Carbetocin can effectively prevent the postpartum hemorrhage caused by uterine inertia, and is safe and effective in application of vaginal delivery and cesarean section;therefore, it deserves to be widely recommended in the clinic.
