A growing body of evidence from multiple areas proposes that periodontal disease,accompanied by oral inflammation and pathological changes in the microbiome,induces gut dysbiosis and is involved in the pathogenesis of...A growing body of evidence from multiple areas proposes that periodontal disease,accompanied by oral inflammation and pathological changes in the microbiome,induces gut dysbiosis and is involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).A subgroup of NAFLD patients have a severely progressive form,namely nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),which is characterized by histological findings that include inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis.NASH has a high risk of further progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.The oral microbiota may serve as an endogenous reservoir for gut microbiota,and transport of oral bacteria through the gastro-intestinal tract can set up a gut microbiome dysbiosis.Gut dysbiosis increases the production of potential hepatotoxins,including lipopolysaccharide,ethanol,and other volatile organic compounds such as acetone,phenol and cyclopentane.Moreover,gut dysbiosis increases intestinal permeability by disrupting tight junctions in the intestinal wall,leading to enhanced translocation of these hepatotoxins and enteric bacteria into the liver through the portal circulation.In particular,many animal studies support that oral administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis,a typical periodontopathic bacterium,induces disturbances in glycolipid metabolism and inflammation in the liver with gut dysbiosis.NAFLD,also known as the hepatic phenotype of metabolic syndrome,is strongly associated with metabolic complications,such as obesity and diabetes.Periodontal disease also has a bidirectional relationship with metabolic syndrome,and both diseases may induce oral and gut microbiome dysbiosis with insulin resistance and systemic chronic inflammation cooperatively.In this review,we will describe the link between periodontal disease and NAFLD with a focus on basic,epidemiological,and clinical studies,and discuss potential mechanisms linking the two diseases and possible therapeutic approaches focused on the microbiome.In conclusion,it is presumed that the pathogenesis of NAFLD involves a complex crosstalk between periodontal disease,gut microbiota,and metabolic syndrome.Thus,the conventional periodontal treatment and novel microbiome-targeted therapies that include probiotics,prebiotics and bacteriocins would hold great promise for preventing the onset and progression of NAFLD and subsequent complications in patients with periodontal disease.展开更多
Background:Observational studies have shown that inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),such as ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn disease(CD),is associated with gingivitis and periodontal disease(GP).This study aims to investi...Background:Observational studies have shown that inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),such as ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn disease(CD),is associated with gingivitis and periodontal disease(GP).This study aims to investigate whether there is a causal relationship between IBD and GP.Methods:This study assessed the causal relationship between IBD and GP through a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)study.The required data were obtained through the IEU OpenGWAS project.Instrumental variable screening and the MR and sensitivity analyses were performed using the“TwoSampleMR”R package.Results:IBD,UC,and CD may have a causal effect on GP(IBD,inverse variance weighting[IVW]OR=1.05,95%CI=1.00–1.10,P=0.03;UC,IVWOR=1.05,95%CI=1.00–1.11,P=0.03;CD,weighted median OR=1.06,95%CI=1.00–1.13,P=0.04;simple mode OR=1.15,95%CI=1.02–1.31,P=0.03).Scatterplots,forest plots,and funnel plots showed a significant relationship between IBD and GP and confirmed the robustness of the model.In sensitivity testing,no horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity was found in this study.Conclusions:This study found a possible causal relationship between IBD(UC and CD)and GP,which deserves to be considered in clinical practice.展开更多
Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease. Recent studies suggest that periodontal infection and the ensuing increase in the levels of inflammatory markers may ...Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease. Recent studies suggest that periodontal infection and the ensuing increase in the levels of inflammatory markers may be associated with myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. The present article aimed at reviewing contemporary data on the pathophysiology of vascular endothelium and its association with periodontitis in the scenario of cardiovascular disease.展开更多
The term"periodontal disease"refers to a group of chronic inflammatory illnesses caused by specific microorganisms from subgingival biofilm,that affect the toothsupporting tissues.Recent research has also sh...The term"periodontal disease"refers to a group of chronic inflammatory illnesses caused by specific microorganisms from subgingival biofilm,that affect the toothsupporting tissues.Recent research has also shown that periodontal infection plays a role in aggravating systemic disease states at distal sites,reinforcing the significance of the oral cavity for general health.Additionally,it has been suggested that gastroenterological malignancies may be promoted by hematogenous,enteral or lymphatic translocation of periopathogens.In the past 25 years,the global burden of pancreatic cancer(PC)has more than doubled,making it one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality.Periodontitis has been linked to at least 50%increased risk of PC and it could be considered a risk factor for this malignancy.A recent study performed on 59000 African American women with a follow up of 21 years showed that participants who had poor dental health had higher chances of PC.The findings,according to researchers,might be related to the inflammation that some oral bacteria trigger.Regarding the mortality of PC,periodontitis considerably raises the chance of dying from PC.Microbiome alterations in the gut,oral cavity and pancreatic tissues of PC patients occur when compared to healthy flora,demonstrating a link between PC and microecology.Inflammation may also contribute to PC development,although the underlying pathway is not yet known.The function of the microbiome in PC risk has drawn more focus over the last decade.Future risk of PC has been linked to the oral microbiome,specifically increased levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and decreased relative abundance of Leptotrichia and Fusobacteria,suggesting that it may have an impact on the inflammatory condition by expanding,altering,and regulating the commensal microbiome.Patients who received periodontal treatment had significantly decreased incidence rate ratios for PC.By analyzing patterns in the microbiome composition throughout PC development and establishing strategies to enhance the cancerassociated microbial system,we can increase the efficacy of therapy and eventually find an application for the microbial system.The development of immunogenomics and gut microgenomics in the life sciences will result in a significant advancement in our understanding of how microbial systems and immunotherapy interact,and it may also have intriguing therapeutic implications for extending the lifetime of PC patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Severe periodontitis is a major oral health concern today as it can lead to loss of teeth.Conventional periodontal therapy has numerous pitfalls as it does not address the pulp-periodontal complex in its en...BACKGROUND Severe periodontitis is a major oral health concern today as it can lead to loss of teeth.Conventional periodontal therapy has numerous pitfalls as it does not address the pulp-periodontal complex in its entirety.AIM To investigate the effect of dental pulp periodontal therapy on the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-10 in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF)in patients with severe periodontitis.METHODS Eighty-six patients with severe periodontitis were randomly divided into a research group(n=43)and a control group(n=43).The control group was treated with simple periodontal therapy,and the research group was treated with dental pulp periodontal therapy.The total effective rates of the treatments;periodontal status before and after treatment through the measurement of the periodontal pocket probing depth(PPD),gingival sulcus bleeding index(SBI),mobility(MD),and plaque index(PLI);the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1βand IL-10 in the GCF;and the incidence of complications were calculated for both groups and compared using the Student’s t test and theχ^(2) test.RESULTS The total effective rate of treatment in the study group(93.02%)was higher than that in the control group(76.74%;P<0.05).While before treatment,there was no significant difference in the PLI,MD,SBI,or PPD between the two groups,the post-treatment values of PLI,MD,SBI,and PPD(4.71±0.16 mm,0.61±0.09 mm,0.96±0.17 mm,and 0.76±0.26 mm,respectively)were significantly lower(P<0.05)in the research group than in the control group(5.35±0.24 mm,0.93±0.15 mm,1.35±0.30 mm,and 1.04±0.41 mm,respectively).There was no significant difference in the level of IL-1βor IL-10 in the GCF before treatment between the two groups;after treatment,the IL-1βlevel in the research group(139.04±15.54 pg/mL)was significantly lower than that in the control group(156.35±18.10 pg/mL),and the level of IL-10 in the research group(7.98±1.01 ug/L)was higher than that in the control group(5.56±0.96 ug/L)(P<0.05).The incidence of complications in the study group(4.65%)was significantly lower than that of the control group(18.60%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION Endodontic therapy and periodontal treatment for patients with severe periodontitis can effectively reduce the levels of inflammatory factors in the GCF and the inflammatory reaction.In addition,it can improve the periodontal condition and the overall treatment effect,reduce the risk of complications,and ensure the safety of treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Heartburn is identically the key symptom of both,gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)and functional heartburn(FHB),making the differential diagnosis resource-intensive.Oral manifestations of GERD can be ea...BACKGROUND Heartburn is identically the key symptom of both,gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)and functional heartburn(FHB),making the differential diagnosis resource-intensive.Oral manifestations of GERD can be easily examined;therefore,their exploration might be a cheap,widely available,and useful tool in the differentiation of GERD and FHB.AIM To evaluate the prevalence of dental erosions(DE)and periodontal diseases(PD)in patients with heartburn and their association with GERD and FHB.METHODS A total of 116[M/F:51/65,mean age:54(17-80)years]consecutive patients with heartburn were enrolled for detailed esophageal function and orodental examinations.RESULTS Dental disorders were detected in 89%(103/116).Patients with PD+DE had significantly more often pathologic reflux(90.0%vs 27.8%;P<0.05),higher esophagitis scores(1.8 vs 0.9;P<0.05),and a significantly different mean impedance curve(P=0.04)than those without any dental diseases.The opposite approach established that patients with GERD had significantly higher prevalence of DE and PD,especially if both were present(28.9%vs 2.0%;P<0.01),more severe PD(1.5 vs 1.0;P<0.01),and longer history of heartburn(15 years vs 9 years;P<0.01)than those with FHB.CONCLUSION The dental evaluation of patients with heartburn seems to be useful in the differential diagnosis of GERD and FHB.Among the studied parameters,the co-appearance of DE and PD seems to be the best predictor of GERD,whereas the absence of dental disorders was mostly observed in FHB.展开更多
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)includes a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and accounts for major morbidity and premature death worldwide.Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease ...Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)includes a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and accounts for major morbidity and premature death worldwide.Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with the gradual destruction of supporting tissues around the teeth,including gingiva,periodontal ligament,alveolar bone,and cementum.Periodontitis has been found to potentially increase the risk of ASCVD.Generally,oral microorganisms and inflammation are the major factors for periodontitis to the incidence of ASCVD.Recently,evidence has shown that the loss of masticatory function is another important factor of periodontitis to the incidence of ASCVD.In this review,we illustrate the recent finding of the relationship between periodontitis and ASCVD,from a microscale perspective-oral microorganisms,inflammation,and tooth loss.With the high prevalence of periodontitis,it is important to add oral therapy as a regular ASCVD prevention strategy.Regular dental visits could be a helpful strategy for ASCVD patients or general medical practitioners.展开更多
Periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) are both chronic inflammatory diseases. Their pathogenesis is mediated by a complex interplay between a dysbiotic microbiota and the host immuneinflammatory resp...Periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) are both chronic inflammatory diseases. Their pathogenesis is mediated by a complex interplay between a dysbiotic microbiota and the host immuneinflammatory response, and both are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. This review aimed to provide an overview of the evidence dealing with a possible pathogenic interaction between periodontal disease and IBD. There seems to be an increased prevalence of periodontal disease in patients with IBD when compared to healthy controls, probably due to changes in the oral microbiota and a higher inflammatory response. Moreover, the induction of periodontitis seems to result in gut dysbiosis and altered gut epithelial cell barrier function, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. Considering the complexity of both periodontal disease and IBD, it is very challenging to understand the possible pathways involved in their coexistence. In conclusion, this review points to a complex pathogenic interaction between periodontal disease and IBD, in which one disease might alter the composition of the microbiota and increase the inflammatory response related to the other. However, we still need more data derived from human studies to confirm results from murine models. Thus, mechanistic studies are definitely warranted to clarify this possible bidirectional association.展开更多
Hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations have emerged as pivotal components in contemporary dentistry, gaining widespread recognition for their multifaceted roles in various biological functions. Extensive literature undersc...Hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations have emerged as pivotal components in contemporary dentistry, gaining widespread recognition for their multifaceted roles in various biological functions. Extensive literature underscores the significance of HA in maintaining tissue water balance, fostering cell proliferation, promoting rapid cell migration, influencing cell differentiation during organism development, and facilitating tissue regeneration. Notably, HA’s interactions with cell surface receptors contribute to the viscosity of synovial fluid, activate the immune system, and enhance cartilage elasticity. Beyond these established functions, HA has also been investigated for its potential involvement in determining and studying the hormetic effects of radon water, adding a novel dimension to its applications in dental research. A thorough exploration of existing studies reveals a nuanced understanding of how HA interventions impact the outcomes of dental procedures. The comprehensive scope of these investigations allows for a more accurate assessment of the potential effectiveness of specific interventions and provides valuable insights into post-procedural prognoses for individual patients. This synthesis of literature serves as the foundation for elucidating the intricate interplay between HA, radon exposure, and their relevance in modern dental practices.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases and neural injury are 2 of the most feared disorders that afflict humankind by leading to permanent paralysis and loss of sensation.Cell based treatment for these diseases had gained special...Neurodegenerative diseases and neural injury are 2 of the most feared disorders that afflict humankind by leading to permanent paralysis and loss of sensation.Cell based treatment for these diseases had gained special interest in recent years.Previous studies showed that dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs) could differentiate toward functionally active neurons both in vitro and in vivo,and could promote neuranagenesis through both cell-autonomous and paracrine neuroregenerative activities.Some of these neuroregenerative activities were unique to tooth-derived stem cells and superior to bone marrow stromal cells.However,DPSCs used in most of these studies were mixed and unfractionated dental pulp cells that contain several types of cells,and most were fibroblast cells while just contain a small portion of DPSCs.Thus,there might be weaker ability of neuranagenesis and more side effects from the fibroblast cells that cannot differentiate into neural cells.p75 neurotrophin receptor(p75 NTR) positive DPSCs subpopulation was derived from migrating cranial neural crest cells and had been isolated from DPSCs,which had capacity of differentiation into neurons and repairing neural system.In this article,we hypothesize that p75 NTR positive DPSCs simultaneously have greater propensity for neuronal differentiation and fewer side effects from fibroblast,and in vivo transptantation of autologous p75 NTR positive DPSCs is a novel method for neuranagenesis.This will bring great hope to patients with neurodegenerative disease and neural injury.Supported by Key Basic Research Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(10JC1408700).展开更多
Research on the association between maternal periodontal disease and the risk of preeclampsia has generated inconsistent results. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between maternal periodont...Research on the association between maternal periodontal disease and the risk of preeclampsia has generated inconsistent results. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between maternal periodontal disease and the risk of preeclampsia. A literature search of PubMed and Embase was performed to identify relevant papers published before March 2013. Only observational studies that assessed maternal periodontal disease and the risk of preeclampsia were selected. Patients' periodontal status was examined at different time points during pregnancy or after delivery(at 14–32 weeks of gestation, within 48 h prior to or within 5 days after delivery). Pooled odds ratios(ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated for cases and controls. Cases were defined as women with concurrent hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Eleven studies involving 1118 women with preeclampsia and 2798 women without preeclampsia were identified and analyzed. Women with periodontal disease before 32 weeks of gestation had a 3.69-fold higher risk of developing preeclampsia than their counterparts without periodontal disease(OR=3.69; 95% CI=2.58–5.27). Periodontal disease within 48 h prior to delivery was associated with a 2.68-fold higher risk of preeclampsia(OR=2.68; 95% CI=1.39–5.18). Pregnant women with periodontal disease within 5 days after delivery had a 2.22-fold higher risk of preeclampsia than women without periodontal disease(OR=2.22; 95% CI=1.16–4.27). In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that maternal periodontal disease is an independent predictor of preeclampsia.展开更多
Background:Both periodontal disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia are age-related diseases that affect millions of people worldwide.Hence,this study aimed to investigate the association between periodontal disease ...Background:Both periodontal disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia are age-related diseases that affect millions of people worldwide.Hence,this study aimed to investigate the association between periodontal disease and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Methods:A total of 4930 participants were selected from an available health examination that was carried out in 2017,only males were considered for further analysis.All eligible males were divided into benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal groups,the benign prostatic hyperplasia group was then divided into prostate volume≤60 g and>60 g subgroups;all their periodontal status was extracted and then into normal(CPI score of 0),periodontal disease(CPI score between 1 and 4),and periodontitis(CPI score between 3 and 4)groups.The correlation between periodontal disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia was investigated using logistic regression analyses and greedy matching case-control analysis.Subgroup analysis based on prostate volume was also performed.All analyses were conducted with SAS 9.4 software.Results:A total of 2171 males were selected for this analysis.The presence of periodontal disease significantly increased the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia by 1.68 times(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.26–2.24),and individuals with periodontitis showed a higher risk(OR=4.18,95%CI:2.75–6.35).In addition,among matched cases and controls,this association remained robust(periodontal disease:OR=1.85,95%CI:1.30–2.64;periodontitis:OR=4.83,95%CI:2.57–9.07).Subgroup analysis revealed that periodontal disease significantly increased benign prostate hyperplasia risk as well(for prostate volume≤60 g:OR=1.64,95%CI:1.22–2.20;for volume>60 g:OR=2.17,95%CI:1.04–4.53),and there was a higher risk in the group with a prostate volume greater than 60 g.Conclusions:Periodontal disease is significantly and positively associated with an increased risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Further validation studies should be performed to explore the relationship between periodontal treatment and benign prostate hyperplasia.展开更多
Biology is based on evolution;therefore, eu-kariotes like plants, animals and human beings are living in harmony with their procariote an-cestors. If this is obviously the normal way of life, then pathobiology follows...Biology is based on evolution;therefore, eu-kariotes like plants, animals and human beings are living in harmony with their procariote an-cestors. If this is obviously the normal way of life, then pathobiology follows the same basic principles. The highly complex harmony of the living world may be disrupted, and a punctuated disease starts which is different from the health equilibrium. To reflect this biological archetype on the main diseases in dentistry - caries and periodontitis - the avalanche model is being proposed based on scientific and clinical evi-dence. This way of argumentation does influ-ence the strategic planning of preventive and curative programmes in dental research as well as in daily practise.展开更多
Objective: Periodontitis and atherosclerosis diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders which are highly prevalent in populations. Nonsurgical periodontal intervention belongs to the initial therapy strategy to perio...Objective: Periodontitis and atherosclerosis diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders which are highly prevalent in populations. Nonsurgical periodontal intervention belongs to the initial therapy strategy to periodontal diseases. Periodontal pathogen can enter into blood stream through the ulceration epithelial resulting in bacteraemia when periodontitis is severe. The objective is to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and atherosclerosis diseases, and the influence of nonsurgical periodontal intervention on atheroma and atherosclerosis diseases. Methods: This study reviewed and analyzed the papers which published in the world associated with periodontitis or periodontal intervention on atherosclerosis diseases. Results: Periodontitis and periodontal infectious are important risk factors for atherosclerotic diseases. Much evidence has proved the durative severe periodontitis can result in bacteraemia and systemic inflammation, elevated C-response protein in serum, gingival microcirculation changed, periodontal microorganism reproduced, and endothelial dys-function and endocarditis. Nonsurgical periodontal intervention can remove the pathogenesis bacteria and calculus to recover periodontal health. Effective periodontal therapy can reduce bacteraemia and stop the hurt to vessels. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy may interfere periodontal bacteria, inhibit inflammation response and C-response protein, improving gingival microcirculation and vessel epithelial function to prevent atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Nonsurgical periodontal intervention can improve or decrease the rate of atherosclerotic disease by interfere the severe periodontitis. The detailed mechanism of periodontal intervention on atheroma and atherosclerotic disease is still need to be explored.展开更多
The aim of this work was to study the connection between periodontal diseas of women during their pregnancy and the weight of newborn infants the women gave birth to. Method: It was a case-control study and carried ou...The aim of this work was to study the connection between periodontal diseas of women during their pregnancy and the weight of newborn infants the women gave birth to. Method: It was a case-control study and carried out on the outskirts of Dakar (Senegal). The sample consisted of 129 mothers with infants of weight < 2500 g (case) and 258 mothers with infants of weight ≥ 2500 g (control). The socio-demographic variables, patterns of life, history and outcome of pregnancy were collected. The variables relating to periodontal status included the plaque index, inflammation, bleeding, loss of clinical attachment and pocket depth. Data were analyzed by the R software. Logistic regression had identified associations on the threshold of 5%. Results: The proportions of mothers with periodontitis were 70.6% among cases versus 33% in controls. Periodontitis was significantly associated with low weight (OR = 4 [2.3 - 5.7] 4) adjusted on age, BMI and other periodontal indices. Conclusion: periodontal disease appears to be involved in the occurrence of low birth weight in the African context. The introduction of an oral component in prenatal consultations is therefore necessary for the health of mothers and their children.展开更多
Background: Periodontitis is the predominant disease in the oral cavity and there are alterations in the periodontal tissues associated with the aging and gender of the patient. Objective: The present study was design...Background: Periodontitis is the predominant disease in the oral cavity and there are alterations in the periodontal tissues associated with the aging and gender of the patient. Objective: The present study was designed to assess the impact of age and gender of the patient on severity and types of periodontal diseases among patients from two regions in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: The current study was done on 600 Saudi patients from Aseer and Tabuk regions in Saudi Arabia (50% males and 50% females) and divided into three equal groups (n = 200) according to the patients age: children and young patients (1 - 24 years old), adults patients (25 - 64 years old) and seniors patients (more than 65 years old). Plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded from all participants. The data were collected and analyzed with SPSS to determine the mean and standard deviation (±SD) and the values of significance (P ≤ 0.005). Results: The results of the present study revealed that 340 patients (56.7%) were affected with gingivitis dental biofilm induced and 260 patients were affected by periodontitis. Gingivitis dental biofilm-induced is especially detected in children and young patients (33.3%), adult patients (16.7%) and seniors patients (6.7%) whereas periodontitis cases were seen among the adult and seniors patients (16.7%) and (26.6%) respectively. Furthermore, the present study displayed the higher severity and prevalence of gingivitis dental biofilm-induced and periodontitis among females more than males in group II and group III maybe due to hormonal changes. The present study saw that there are statistically significant differences in clinical findings in the comparison between groups of this study (P ≤ 0.005). Conclusion: We conclude that there is a relation between severity and types of periodontal diseases and the ages and genders of Saudi patients in Aseer and Tabuk regions, Saudi Arabia.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Coffea canephora aqueous extract (Cc), trigonelline (Tg) and 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) agains...This study aimed to evaluate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Coffea canephora aqueous extract (Cc), trigonelline (Tg) and 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) against cariogenic microorganisms: Streptococcus parasanguinis ATCC 903 (SP), Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 (LR);and pathogens related to periodontal disease: Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 (PG), Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586 (FN), Prevotella intermedia ATCC 49046 (PI) and Prevotella nigrescens ATCC 33563 (PN). Different concentrations of Cc (0.15625 to 10 mg/mL), Tg and 5-CQA (0.005 to 10.24 mg/mL) were tested. Chlorhexidine (0.05%) was used as positive control and the substances without the inoculum comprised the blank control. The Cc showed bacteriostatic action against SP (MIC = 5 mg/mL) and LR (MIC = 10 mg/mL). Tg showed bacteriostatic action against SP (MIC = 2.56 to 1.28 mg/mL), LR (MIC = 2.56 mg/mL), PG (MIC = 2.56 to 1.28 mg/mL), FN (MIC = 5.12 mg/mL), PN (MIC = 2.56 mg/mL), and PI (MIC = 2.56 to 1.28 mg/mL). Also, Tg showed bactericide properties against SP (MBC = 2.56 mg/mL), PG (MBC = 2.56 mg/mL), FN (MBC = 10.24 mg/mL), PN (MBC = 5.12 mg/mL), and PI (MBC = 2.56 mg/mL). Although 5-CQA has previously shown activity against Streptococcus mutans, in the present study, it showed no activity against all tested microorganisms. C. canephora extract only showed antibacterial activity against cariogenic microorganisms, not presenting action against periodontal pathogens. It was concluded that trigonelline presented the best effect against all pathogens tested, therefore coffee extracts with higher trigonelline content should be tested against these specific pathogens.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Dental students play a role in both oral and general health education in their communities, so it is important that they have good knowledge to enable them offer good counsel. ...<strong>Background: </strong>Dental students play a role in both oral and general health education in their communities, so it is important that they have good knowledge to enable them offer good counsel. Knowing the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic conditions will put them in better stead when giving oral health education. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge among dental students of the relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions, and to determine whether there was a correlation between this knowledge and their oral hygiene practices. <strong>Methods:</strong> This was a cross-sectional study among dental students of the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Consenting participants were given a self-administered questionnaire eliciting socio-demographic information, knowledge about the relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases, as well as oral hygiene practices. Each correct response on knowledge was scored as 1, while incorrect responses were scored 0, with a maximum score of 7. Participants’ knowledge was graded as poor (0 - 2), fair (3 - 5) and good (6 - 7). Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21. p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Spearman’s ranked correlation was used to assess the correlation between knowledge of the relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases and oral hygiene practices. <strong>Results:</strong> There were 109 dental students (58 males, 51 females) in this study, with a mean age of 24.1 ± 3.6 years. Preclinical students were 43 (39.4%) while clinical students were 66 (60.6%). All (100%) participants knew that oral health was important to systemic health, with 89.9% knowing that periodontal disease was specifically linked to systemic disease. Only 50.5% of participants knew that there was a link between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Sixty-four (58.7%) of the participants regularly cleaned in between their teeth. The most commonly used interdental cleaning aid was toothpick (45.0%). Clinical students had significantly better knowledge on the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic disease compared to pre-clinical students (p = 0.001). There was positive correlation between knowledge about periodontal disease and its link with systemic disease and better oral hygiene practices, but this was not statistically significant. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of dental students had a fair knowledge about the relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases.展开更多
<strong>Background: </strong>Given the increase in the numbers of expatriates in Saudi Arabia and the shortage of information about expatriates’ oral health and periodontal disease severity and progressio...<strong>Background: </strong>Given the increase in the numbers of expatriates in Saudi Arabia and the shortage of information about expatriates’ oral health and periodontal disease severity and progression. <strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the racial differences on oral health and periodontal disease extent, staging, and grading among the multi-ethnic expatriates in the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 expatriates in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. They were divided into three equal racial different groups (n = 100), Arabs (AR), Asians (AS), and Africans (AF). The interviews of all participants were completed then the clinical examinations of periodontal diseases extent, staging, and grading parameters were performed. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA test, Tukey’s test, and Chi-square test. The statistical significance level was determined at p < 0.05. <strong>Results: </strong>There were statistically significant differences in the comparison between the three ethnic/racial groups in clinical parameters except in GBI, PCR, FI, TFO, and BC, where there were no statistically significant differences in the comparison between the three ethnic/racial groups. There were differences associated with age, gender, smoking, and diabetes, without statistically significant differences among the three racial groups.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> We concluded that most participants in this study had a generalized severe grade 4 plaque-induced gingivitis and localized periodontitis stage III grade B.展开更多
文摘A growing body of evidence from multiple areas proposes that periodontal disease,accompanied by oral inflammation and pathological changes in the microbiome,induces gut dysbiosis and is involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).A subgroup of NAFLD patients have a severely progressive form,namely nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),which is characterized by histological findings that include inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis.NASH has a high risk of further progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.The oral microbiota may serve as an endogenous reservoir for gut microbiota,and transport of oral bacteria through the gastro-intestinal tract can set up a gut microbiome dysbiosis.Gut dysbiosis increases the production of potential hepatotoxins,including lipopolysaccharide,ethanol,and other volatile organic compounds such as acetone,phenol and cyclopentane.Moreover,gut dysbiosis increases intestinal permeability by disrupting tight junctions in the intestinal wall,leading to enhanced translocation of these hepatotoxins and enteric bacteria into the liver through the portal circulation.In particular,many animal studies support that oral administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis,a typical periodontopathic bacterium,induces disturbances in glycolipid metabolism and inflammation in the liver with gut dysbiosis.NAFLD,also known as the hepatic phenotype of metabolic syndrome,is strongly associated with metabolic complications,such as obesity and diabetes.Periodontal disease also has a bidirectional relationship with metabolic syndrome,and both diseases may induce oral and gut microbiome dysbiosis with insulin resistance and systemic chronic inflammation cooperatively.In this review,we will describe the link between periodontal disease and NAFLD with a focus on basic,epidemiological,and clinical studies,and discuss potential mechanisms linking the two diseases and possible therapeutic approaches focused on the microbiome.In conclusion,it is presumed that the pathogenesis of NAFLD involves a complex crosstalk between periodontal disease,gut microbiota,and metabolic syndrome.Thus,the conventional periodontal treatment and novel microbiome-targeted therapies that include probiotics,prebiotics and bacteriocins would hold great promise for preventing the onset and progression of NAFLD and subsequent complications in patients with periodontal disease.
基金the Training Project of Key Talents of Youth Medicine in Jiangsu Province of China(No.QNRC2016330)the Graduate Research-Innovation Project in Jiangsu Province(No.SJCX21_1644)+5 种基金the Academic Science and Technology Innovation Fund for College Students(No.202011117056Y)the Social Development-Health Care Project of Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province(No.YZ2018087)the Social Development-Health Care Project of Yangzhou,Jiangsu Province(No.YZ2021075)the High-Level Talent“Six One Projects”Top Talent Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Province(No.LGY2019034)the Graduate Research-Innovation Project in Jiangsu Province(No.SJCX22_1816)the Social development project of the key R&D plan of Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.BE2022773).
文摘Background:Observational studies have shown that inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),such as ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn disease(CD),is associated with gingivitis and periodontal disease(GP).This study aims to investigate whether there is a causal relationship between IBD and GP.Methods:This study assessed the causal relationship between IBD and GP through a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)study.The required data were obtained through the IEU OpenGWAS project.Instrumental variable screening and the MR and sensitivity analyses were performed using the“TwoSampleMR”R package.Results:IBD,UC,and CD may have a causal effect on GP(IBD,inverse variance weighting[IVW]OR=1.05,95%CI=1.00–1.10,P=0.03;UC,IVWOR=1.05,95%CI=1.00–1.11,P=0.03;CD,weighted median OR=1.06,95%CI=1.00–1.13,P=0.04;simple mode OR=1.15,95%CI=1.02–1.31,P=0.03).Scatterplots,forest plots,and funnel plots showed a significant relationship between IBD and GP and confirmed the robustness of the model.In sensitivity testing,no horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity was found in this study.Conclusions:This study found a possible causal relationship between IBD(UC and CD)and GP,which deserves to be considered in clinical practice.
基金Supported by The Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa e Eventos(FIPE)at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre,No.HCPA-120265
文摘Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease. Recent studies suggest that periodontal infection and the ensuing increase in the levels of inflammatory markers may be associated with myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. The present article aimed at reviewing contemporary data on the pathophysiology of vascular endothelium and its association with periodontitis in the scenario of cardiovascular disease.
文摘The term"periodontal disease"refers to a group of chronic inflammatory illnesses caused by specific microorganisms from subgingival biofilm,that affect the toothsupporting tissues.Recent research has also shown that periodontal infection plays a role in aggravating systemic disease states at distal sites,reinforcing the significance of the oral cavity for general health.Additionally,it has been suggested that gastroenterological malignancies may be promoted by hematogenous,enteral or lymphatic translocation of periopathogens.In the past 25 years,the global burden of pancreatic cancer(PC)has more than doubled,making it one of the major causes of cancer-related mortality.Periodontitis has been linked to at least 50%increased risk of PC and it could be considered a risk factor for this malignancy.A recent study performed on 59000 African American women with a follow up of 21 years showed that participants who had poor dental health had higher chances of PC.The findings,according to researchers,might be related to the inflammation that some oral bacteria trigger.Regarding the mortality of PC,periodontitis considerably raises the chance of dying from PC.Microbiome alterations in the gut,oral cavity and pancreatic tissues of PC patients occur when compared to healthy flora,demonstrating a link between PC and microecology.Inflammation may also contribute to PC development,although the underlying pathway is not yet known.The function of the microbiome in PC risk has drawn more focus over the last decade.Future risk of PC has been linked to the oral microbiome,specifically increased levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and decreased relative abundance of Leptotrichia and Fusobacteria,suggesting that it may have an impact on the inflammatory condition by expanding,altering,and regulating the commensal microbiome.Patients who received periodontal treatment had significantly decreased incidence rate ratios for PC.By analyzing patterns in the microbiome composition throughout PC development and establishing strategies to enhance the cancerassociated microbial system,we can increase the efficacy of therapy and eventually find an application for the microbial system.The development of immunogenomics and gut microgenomics in the life sciences will result in a significant advancement in our understanding of how microbial systems and immunotherapy interact,and it may also have intriguing therapeutic implications for extending the lifetime of PC patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Severe periodontitis is a major oral health concern today as it can lead to loss of teeth.Conventional periodontal therapy has numerous pitfalls as it does not address the pulp-periodontal complex in its entirety.AIM To investigate the effect of dental pulp periodontal therapy on the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-10 in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF)in patients with severe periodontitis.METHODS Eighty-six patients with severe periodontitis were randomly divided into a research group(n=43)and a control group(n=43).The control group was treated with simple periodontal therapy,and the research group was treated with dental pulp periodontal therapy.The total effective rates of the treatments;periodontal status before and after treatment through the measurement of the periodontal pocket probing depth(PPD),gingival sulcus bleeding index(SBI),mobility(MD),and plaque index(PLI);the levels of inflammatory factors IL-1βand IL-10 in the GCF;and the incidence of complications were calculated for both groups and compared using the Student’s t test and theχ^(2) test.RESULTS The total effective rate of treatment in the study group(93.02%)was higher than that in the control group(76.74%;P<0.05).While before treatment,there was no significant difference in the PLI,MD,SBI,or PPD between the two groups,the post-treatment values of PLI,MD,SBI,and PPD(4.71±0.16 mm,0.61±0.09 mm,0.96±0.17 mm,and 0.76±0.26 mm,respectively)were significantly lower(P<0.05)in the research group than in the control group(5.35±0.24 mm,0.93±0.15 mm,1.35±0.30 mm,and 1.04±0.41 mm,respectively).There was no significant difference in the level of IL-1βor IL-10 in the GCF before treatment between the two groups;after treatment,the IL-1βlevel in the research group(139.04±15.54 pg/mL)was significantly lower than that in the control group(156.35±18.10 pg/mL),and the level of IL-10 in the research group(7.98±1.01 ug/L)was higher than that in the control group(5.56±0.96 ug/L)(P<0.05).The incidence of complications in the study group(4.65%)was significantly lower than that of the control group(18.60%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION Endodontic therapy and periodontal treatment for patients with severe periodontitis can effectively reduce the levels of inflammatory factors in the GCF and the inflammatory reaction.In addition,it can improve the periodontal condition and the overall treatment effect,reduce the risk of complications,and ensure the safety of treatment.
基金the University of Szeged Open Access Fund,No.6373.
文摘BACKGROUND Heartburn is identically the key symptom of both,gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)and functional heartburn(FHB),making the differential diagnosis resource-intensive.Oral manifestations of GERD can be easily examined;therefore,their exploration might be a cheap,widely available,and useful tool in the differentiation of GERD and FHB.AIM To evaluate the prevalence of dental erosions(DE)and periodontal diseases(PD)in patients with heartburn and their association with GERD and FHB.METHODS A total of 116[M/F:51/65,mean age:54(17-80)years]consecutive patients with heartburn were enrolled for detailed esophageal function and orodental examinations.RESULTS Dental disorders were detected in 89%(103/116).Patients with PD+DE had significantly more often pathologic reflux(90.0%vs 27.8%;P<0.05),higher esophagitis scores(1.8 vs 0.9;P<0.05),and a significantly different mean impedance curve(P=0.04)than those without any dental diseases.The opposite approach established that patients with GERD had significantly higher prevalence of DE and PD,especially if both were present(28.9%vs 2.0%;P<0.01),more severe PD(1.5 vs 1.0;P<0.01),and longer history of heartburn(15 years vs 9 years;P<0.01)than those with FHB.CONCLUSION The dental evaluation of patients with heartburn seems to be useful in the differential diagnosis of GERD and FHB.Among the studied parameters,the co-appearance of DE and PD seems to be the best predictor of GERD,whereas the absence of dental disorders was mostly observed in FHB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82001067)the Innovation Research Team Project of Beijing Stomatological Hospital,Capital Medical University(CXTD202201)+2 种基金Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’Youth Program(QML20191504)Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(KM202110025009)Beijing Talents Fund(2018000021469G285).
文摘Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)includes a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and accounts for major morbidity and premature death worldwide.Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with the gradual destruction of supporting tissues around the teeth,including gingiva,periodontal ligament,alveolar bone,and cementum.Periodontitis has been found to potentially increase the risk of ASCVD.Generally,oral microorganisms and inflammation are the major factors for periodontitis to the incidence of ASCVD.Recently,evidence has shown that the loss of masticatory function is another important factor of periodontitis to the incidence of ASCVD.In this review,we illustrate the recent finding of the relationship between periodontitis and ASCVD,from a microscale perspective-oral microorganisms,inflammation,and tooth loss.With the high prevalence of periodontitis,it is important to add oral therapy as a regular ASCVD prevention strategy.Regular dental visits could be a helpful strategy for ASCVD patients or general medical practitioners.
文摘Periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) are both chronic inflammatory diseases. Their pathogenesis is mediated by a complex interplay between a dysbiotic microbiota and the host immuneinflammatory response, and both are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. This review aimed to provide an overview of the evidence dealing with a possible pathogenic interaction between periodontal disease and IBD. There seems to be an increased prevalence of periodontal disease in patients with IBD when compared to healthy controls, probably due to changes in the oral microbiota and a higher inflammatory response. Moreover, the induction of periodontitis seems to result in gut dysbiosis and altered gut epithelial cell barrier function, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. Considering the complexity of both periodontal disease and IBD, it is very challenging to understand the possible pathways involved in their coexistence. In conclusion, this review points to a complex pathogenic interaction between periodontal disease and IBD, in which one disease might alter the composition of the microbiota and increase the inflammatory response related to the other. However, we still need more data derived from human studies to confirm results from murine models. Thus, mechanistic studies are definitely warranted to clarify this possible bidirectional association.
文摘Hyaluronic acid (HA) preparations have emerged as pivotal components in contemporary dentistry, gaining widespread recognition for their multifaceted roles in various biological functions. Extensive literature underscores the significance of HA in maintaining tissue water balance, fostering cell proliferation, promoting rapid cell migration, influencing cell differentiation during organism development, and facilitating tissue regeneration. Notably, HA’s interactions with cell surface receptors contribute to the viscosity of synovial fluid, activate the immune system, and enhance cartilage elasticity. Beyond these established functions, HA has also been investigated for its potential involvement in determining and studying the hormetic effects of radon water, adding a novel dimension to its applications in dental research. A thorough exploration of existing studies reveals a nuanced understanding of how HA interventions impact the outcomes of dental procedures. The comprehensive scope of these investigations allows for a more accurate assessment of the potential effectiveness of specific interventions and provides valuable insights into post-procedural prognoses for individual patients. This synthesis of literature serves as the foundation for elucidating the intricate interplay between HA, radon exposure, and their relevance in modern dental practices.
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases and neural injury are 2 of the most feared disorders that afflict humankind by leading to permanent paralysis and loss of sensation.Cell based treatment for these diseases had gained special interest in recent years.Previous studies showed that dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs) could differentiate toward functionally active neurons both in vitro and in vivo,and could promote neuranagenesis through both cell-autonomous and paracrine neuroregenerative activities.Some of these neuroregenerative activities were unique to tooth-derived stem cells and superior to bone marrow stromal cells.However,DPSCs used in most of these studies were mixed and unfractionated dental pulp cells that contain several types of cells,and most were fibroblast cells while just contain a small portion of DPSCs.Thus,there might be weaker ability of neuranagenesis and more side effects from the fibroblast cells that cannot differentiate into neural cells.p75 neurotrophin receptor(p75 NTR) positive DPSCs subpopulation was derived from migrating cranial neural crest cells and had been isolated from DPSCs,which had capacity of differentiation into neurons and repairing neural system.In this article,we hypothesize that p75 NTR positive DPSCs simultaneously have greater propensity for neuronal differentiation and fewer side effects from fibroblast,and in vivo transptantation of autologous p75 NTR positive DPSCs is a novel method for neuranagenesis.This will bring great hope to patients with neurodegenerative disease and neural injury.Supported by Key Basic Research Fund of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(10JC1408700).
文摘Research on the association between maternal periodontal disease and the risk of preeclampsia has generated inconsistent results. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between maternal periodontal disease and the risk of preeclampsia. A literature search of PubMed and Embase was performed to identify relevant papers published before March 2013. Only observational studies that assessed maternal periodontal disease and the risk of preeclampsia were selected. Patients' periodontal status was examined at different time points during pregnancy or after delivery(at 14–32 weeks of gestation, within 48 h prior to or within 5 days after delivery). Pooled odds ratios(ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated for cases and controls. Cases were defined as women with concurrent hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Eleven studies involving 1118 women with preeclampsia and 2798 women without preeclampsia were identified and analyzed. Women with periodontal disease before 32 weeks of gestation had a 3.69-fold higher risk of developing preeclampsia than their counterparts without periodontal disease(OR=3.69; 95% CI=2.58–5.27). Periodontal disease within 48 h prior to delivery was associated with a 2.68-fold higher risk of preeclampsia(OR=2.68; 95% CI=1.39–5.18). Pregnant women with periodontal disease within 5 days after delivery had a 2.22-fold higher risk of preeclampsia than women without periodontal disease(OR=2.22; 95% CI=1.16–4.27). In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that maternal periodontal disease is an independent predictor of preeclampsia.
基金supported(in part)by the Nature Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2019CFB760)the Health Commission of Hubei Province Scientific Research Project(WJ2019H035)+1 种基金the Technical Innovation Major Program of Hubei province(Grant NO.2016ACA152)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2016YFC0106300)。
文摘Background:Both periodontal disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia are age-related diseases that affect millions of people worldwide.Hence,this study aimed to investigate the association between periodontal disease and the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Methods:A total of 4930 participants were selected from an available health examination that was carried out in 2017,only males were considered for further analysis.All eligible males were divided into benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal groups,the benign prostatic hyperplasia group was then divided into prostate volume≤60 g and>60 g subgroups;all their periodontal status was extracted and then into normal(CPI score of 0),periodontal disease(CPI score between 1 and 4),and periodontitis(CPI score between 3 and 4)groups.The correlation between periodontal disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia was investigated using logistic regression analyses and greedy matching case-control analysis.Subgroup analysis based on prostate volume was also performed.All analyses were conducted with SAS 9.4 software.Results:A total of 2171 males were selected for this analysis.The presence of periodontal disease significantly increased the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia by 1.68 times(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.26–2.24),and individuals with periodontitis showed a higher risk(OR=4.18,95%CI:2.75–6.35).In addition,among matched cases and controls,this association remained robust(periodontal disease:OR=1.85,95%CI:1.30–2.64;periodontitis:OR=4.83,95%CI:2.57–9.07).Subgroup analysis revealed that periodontal disease significantly increased benign prostate hyperplasia risk as well(for prostate volume≤60 g:OR=1.64,95%CI:1.22–2.20;for volume>60 g:OR=2.17,95%CI:1.04–4.53),and there was a higher risk in the group with a prostate volume greater than 60 g.Conclusions:Periodontal disease is significantly and positively associated with an increased risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Further validation studies should be performed to explore the relationship between periodontal treatment and benign prostate hyperplasia.
文摘Biology is based on evolution;therefore, eu-kariotes like plants, animals and human beings are living in harmony with their procariote an-cestors. If this is obviously the normal way of life, then pathobiology follows the same basic principles. The highly complex harmony of the living world may be disrupted, and a punctuated disease starts which is different from the health equilibrium. To reflect this biological archetype on the main diseases in dentistry - caries and periodontitis - the avalanche model is being proposed based on scientific and clinical evi-dence. This way of argumentation does influ-ence the strategic planning of preventive and curative programmes in dental research as well as in daily practise.
文摘Objective: Periodontitis and atherosclerosis diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders which are highly prevalent in populations. Nonsurgical periodontal intervention belongs to the initial therapy strategy to periodontal diseases. Periodontal pathogen can enter into blood stream through the ulceration epithelial resulting in bacteraemia when periodontitis is severe. The objective is to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and atherosclerosis diseases, and the influence of nonsurgical periodontal intervention on atheroma and atherosclerosis diseases. Methods: This study reviewed and analyzed the papers which published in the world associated with periodontitis or periodontal intervention on atherosclerosis diseases. Results: Periodontitis and periodontal infectious are important risk factors for atherosclerotic diseases. Much evidence has proved the durative severe periodontitis can result in bacteraemia and systemic inflammation, elevated C-response protein in serum, gingival microcirculation changed, periodontal microorganism reproduced, and endothelial dys-function and endocarditis. Nonsurgical periodontal intervention can remove the pathogenesis bacteria and calculus to recover periodontal health. Effective periodontal therapy can reduce bacteraemia and stop the hurt to vessels. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy may interfere periodontal bacteria, inhibit inflammation response and C-response protein, improving gingival microcirculation and vessel epithelial function to prevent atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Nonsurgical periodontal intervention can improve or decrease the rate of atherosclerotic disease by interfere the severe periodontitis. The detailed mechanism of periodontal intervention on atheroma and atherosclerotic disease is still need to be explored.
文摘The aim of this work was to study the connection between periodontal diseas of women during their pregnancy and the weight of newborn infants the women gave birth to. Method: It was a case-control study and carried out on the outskirts of Dakar (Senegal). The sample consisted of 129 mothers with infants of weight < 2500 g (case) and 258 mothers with infants of weight ≥ 2500 g (control). The socio-demographic variables, patterns of life, history and outcome of pregnancy were collected. The variables relating to periodontal status included the plaque index, inflammation, bleeding, loss of clinical attachment and pocket depth. Data were analyzed by the R software. Logistic regression had identified associations on the threshold of 5%. Results: The proportions of mothers with periodontitis were 70.6% among cases versus 33% in controls. Periodontitis was significantly associated with low weight (OR = 4 [2.3 - 5.7] 4) adjusted on age, BMI and other periodontal indices. Conclusion: periodontal disease appears to be involved in the occurrence of low birth weight in the African context. The introduction of an oral component in prenatal consultations is therefore necessary for the health of mothers and their children.
文摘Background: Periodontitis is the predominant disease in the oral cavity and there are alterations in the periodontal tissues associated with the aging and gender of the patient. Objective: The present study was designed to assess the impact of age and gender of the patient on severity and types of periodontal diseases among patients from two regions in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: The current study was done on 600 Saudi patients from Aseer and Tabuk regions in Saudi Arabia (50% males and 50% females) and divided into three equal groups (n = 200) according to the patients age: children and young patients (1 - 24 years old), adults patients (25 - 64 years old) and seniors patients (more than 65 years old). Plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded from all participants. The data were collected and analyzed with SPSS to determine the mean and standard deviation (±SD) and the values of significance (P ≤ 0.005). Results: The results of the present study revealed that 340 patients (56.7%) were affected with gingivitis dental biofilm induced and 260 patients were affected by periodontitis. Gingivitis dental biofilm-induced is especially detected in children and young patients (33.3%), adult patients (16.7%) and seniors patients (6.7%) whereas periodontitis cases were seen among the adult and seniors patients (16.7%) and (26.6%) respectively. Furthermore, the present study displayed the higher severity and prevalence of gingivitis dental biofilm-induced and periodontitis among females more than males in group II and group III maybe due to hormonal changes. The present study saw that there are statistically significant differences in clinical findings in the comparison between groups of this study (P ≤ 0.005). Conclusion: We conclude that there is a relation between severity and types of periodontal diseases and the ages and genders of Saudi patients in Aseer and Tabuk regions, Saudi Arabia.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Coffea canephora aqueous extract (Cc), trigonelline (Tg) and 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) against cariogenic microorganisms: Streptococcus parasanguinis ATCC 903 (SP), Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 9595 (LR);and pathogens related to periodontal disease: Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 (PG), Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586 (FN), Prevotella intermedia ATCC 49046 (PI) and Prevotella nigrescens ATCC 33563 (PN). Different concentrations of Cc (0.15625 to 10 mg/mL), Tg and 5-CQA (0.005 to 10.24 mg/mL) were tested. Chlorhexidine (0.05%) was used as positive control and the substances without the inoculum comprised the blank control. The Cc showed bacteriostatic action against SP (MIC = 5 mg/mL) and LR (MIC = 10 mg/mL). Tg showed bacteriostatic action against SP (MIC = 2.56 to 1.28 mg/mL), LR (MIC = 2.56 mg/mL), PG (MIC = 2.56 to 1.28 mg/mL), FN (MIC = 5.12 mg/mL), PN (MIC = 2.56 mg/mL), and PI (MIC = 2.56 to 1.28 mg/mL). Also, Tg showed bactericide properties against SP (MBC = 2.56 mg/mL), PG (MBC = 2.56 mg/mL), FN (MBC = 10.24 mg/mL), PN (MBC = 5.12 mg/mL), and PI (MBC = 2.56 mg/mL). Although 5-CQA has previously shown activity against Streptococcus mutans, in the present study, it showed no activity against all tested microorganisms. C. canephora extract only showed antibacterial activity against cariogenic microorganisms, not presenting action against periodontal pathogens. It was concluded that trigonelline presented the best effect against all pathogens tested, therefore coffee extracts with higher trigonelline content should be tested against these specific pathogens.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Dental students play a role in both oral and general health education in their communities, so it is important that they have good knowledge to enable them offer good counsel. Knowing the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic conditions will put them in better stead when giving oral health education. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge among dental students of the relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic conditions, and to determine whether there was a correlation between this knowledge and their oral hygiene practices. <strong>Methods:</strong> This was a cross-sectional study among dental students of the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Consenting participants were given a self-administered questionnaire eliciting socio-demographic information, knowledge about the relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases, as well as oral hygiene practices. Each correct response on knowledge was scored as 1, while incorrect responses were scored 0, with a maximum score of 7. Participants’ knowledge was graded as poor (0 - 2), fair (3 - 5) and good (6 - 7). Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21. p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Spearman’s ranked correlation was used to assess the correlation between knowledge of the relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases and oral hygiene practices. <strong>Results:</strong> There were 109 dental students (58 males, 51 females) in this study, with a mean age of 24.1 ± 3.6 years. Preclinical students were 43 (39.4%) while clinical students were 66 (60.6%). All (100%) participants knew that oral health was important to systemic health, with 89.9% knowing that periodontal disease was specifically linked to systemic disease. Only 50.5% of participants knew that there was a link between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Sixty-four (58.7%) of the participants regularly cleaned in between their teeth. The most commonly used interdental cleaning aid was toothpick (45.0%). Clinical students had significantly better knowledge on the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic disease compared to pre-clinical students (p = 0.001). There was positive correlation between knowledge about periodontal disease and its link with systemic disease and better oral hygiene practices, but this was not statistically significant. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of dental students had a fair knowledge about the relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases.
文摘<strong>Background: </strong>Given the increase in the numbers of expatriates in Saudi Arabia and the shortage of information about expatriates’ oral health and periodontal disease severity and progression. <strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the racial differences on oral health and periodontal disease extent, staging, and grading among the multi-ethnic expatriates in the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 expatriates in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia. They were divided into three equal racial different groups (n = 100), Arabs (AR), Asians (AS), and Africans (AF). The interviews of all participants were completed then the clinical examinations of periodontal diseases extent, staging, and grading parameters were performed. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA test, Tukey’s test, and Chi-square test. The statistical significance level was determined at p < 0.05. <strong>Results: </strong>There were statistically significant differences in the comparison between the three ethnic/racial groups in clinical parameters except in GBI, PCR, FI, TFO, and BC, where there were no statistically significant differences in the comparison between the three ethnic/racial groups. There were differences associated with age, gender, smoking, and diabetes, without statistically significant differences among the three racial groups.<strong> Conclusion:</strong> We concluded that most participants in this study had a generalized severe grade 4 plaque-induced gingivitis and localized periodontitis stage III grade B.
